Papers by Antonio León Sánchez
The General Science Journal, 2025
Here I propose a new perspective to analyze the thorny problem posed by the continuous creation a... more Here I propose a new perspective to analyze the thorny problem posed by the continuous creation and destruction of natural quantum entanglements anywhere in the universe and at any point in its history.
The General Science Journal, 2025
A new discrete relativism is proposed here, based on universal prekinesis and the discrete nature... more A new discrete relativism is proposed here, based on universal prekinesis and the discrete nature of space, time, and, consequently, motion. A new relativism that will also be inevitable due to the formal inconsistency of the actual infinity and, therefore, of the spacetime continuum that underpins classical special relativity. And also due to certain insoluble problems of classical special relativity. In the new discrete relativity, however, relative velocities and the need for a relativistic sum of velocities required by the existence of discrete and absolute units of space (qusits) and time (qutits), persist. As a consequence, there is also a maximum velocity of 1 qusit per 1 qutit.
The General Science Journal, 2025
This article develops a new and brief argument on a classic problem that science has yet to resol... more This article develops a new and brief argument on a classic problem that science has yet to resolve. It discusses the uniform motion of a macroscopic object from a new perspective that inevitably leads to a contradiction involving the assumed continuous nature of space and time. The only solution to this contradiction is to consider a discrete nature for both space and time, and consequently the discrete nature of motion.
The General Science Journal, 2025
The discrete nature of certain physical magnitudes, such as electric charges, which participate i... more The discrete nature of certain physical magnitudes, such as electric charges, which participate in certain laws, such as Coulomb's law, has inevitable and highly significant consequences for many other physical magnitudes. To such an extent that it becomes inevitable to consider the possibility of a single finitist and discrete physics. This consideration is obviously supported by the inconsistency of the actual infinity that underpins the infinitist mathematics with which physicists construct their physical theories.
The General Science Journal, 2025
The vast majority of objects in the observable universe are subject to rotational motions around ... more The vast majority of objects in the observable universe are subject to rotational motions around an internal axis of rotation and to one or more rotational motions around external centers (or loci) of rotation. After recalling the absolute nature of all these rotations, this article demonstrates that all the rotational motions of any body A are inherited by any other body B set in motion from A. Consequently, and taking into account that the term preinertia suggests the sole inheritance of inertial motions (rectilinear and constant velocity), it is also proposed here to change the terms preinertia and preinertial respectively to the more general prekinesis and prekinetic.
The General Science Journal, 2025
This short article reminds us that the universe has been evolving in the same direction throughou... more This short article reminds us that the universe has been evolving in the same direction throughout its entire history, and has been doing so without human observers observing that directional evolution. This has consequences of the utmost importance for certain classical hegemonic interpretations of quantum mechanics.
The General Science Journal, 2025
Preinertia is a universal property of all physical objects that was discovered and published by G... more Preinertia is a universal property of all physical objects that was discovered and published by Galileo in 1632, yet it has remained and remains ignored by modern physics. In this article I discuss both the reasons for this ignorance and the fundamental mechanical importance of this universal attribute of all physical objects (even photons are preinertial). Indeed, preinertia is the reason why it is impossible to detect the absolute motion of an object A by means of other objects set in motion from the object A. It is also the reason why all motions are in fact absolute, however anathema absolute motion may be in contemporary physics.
The General Science Journal, 2025
After justifying the use of the word shame in a scientific article, this article considers two of... more After justifying the use of the word shame in a scientific article, this article considers two of those great shames of contemporary physics, and explains why, indeed, they should be considered real shames in the state of contemporary physics: the problem of change and preinertia. I venture to include a third shame: the null effect that public denunciation of the other two that this article points out will have.
The General Science Journal, 2025
This article analyzes the formal consequences of the inconsistent actual infinity on certain type... more This article analyzes the formal consequences of the inconsistent actual infinity on certain types of numbers and numerical sets. These results are so strong that I have not included them in this abstract to prevent some readers from abandoning their careful reading of the article at this point. They are the results that can be expected when the existence of a formal object that has always been discussed-the actual infinite-is axiomatically accepted without discussion for over a century. A type of infinity whose inconsistency can be demonstrated simply by using the tools provided by the new infinitist mathematics built upon it.
The General Science Journal, 2025
This brief article denounces two scientific expressions, black holes and Big Bang, as popular as ... more This brief article denounces two scientific expressions, black holes and Big Bang, as popular as they are inappropriate. The first because it designates objects that are the opposite of what their name means. The second because it indicates a wrong direction in the reflection of the origin of the universe.
The General Science Journal, 2025
This article introduces the problems of contemporary physics with its mathematical and ordinary l... more This article introduces the problems of contemporary physics with its mathematical and ordinary languages. It discusses the translation of mathematical equations into ordinary language, the necessity of primitive concepts, and the problems with infinities and dense order, as well as on the possible primitive nature and / or meaning of some basic concepts of physics: space, time, nothingness, vacuum, order, organization, entropy, information, mass and energy.
This paper examines some optical properties of isotropic crystals, as well as the critical reflec... more This paper examines some optical properties of isotropic crystals, as well as the critical reflection of light, from the perspective of different inertial reference frames in relative motion. The analysis proves several breaks of Lorentz symmetry in optical crystallography and general optics. It also demonstrates there is no other relativist alternative to Lorentz transformation able to give a solution to the problems posed by Lorentz transformation in the scenario of optics and optical crystallography. The conclusions of the arguments point to the convenience of considering a new discrete paradigm for the spacetime continuum in which this and other problems could find a solution.
The ω-asymmetry induced by transfinite partitions makes it impossible for Jordan curves to have a... more The ω-asymmetry induced by transfinite partitions makes it impossible for Jordan curves to have an infinite length.
The General Science Journal, 2020
This paper defines, in precise arithmetic terms, non-computable natural numbers. Not even the app... more This paper defines, in precise arithmetic terms, non-computable natural numbers. Not even the approximate number of their ciphers can be computed. We can define them, but nothing can be known on their precise sequence of ciphers. Obviously, these numbers are absolutely useless, but they illustrate how large a finite natural number can really be. And, most importantly, they illustrate the futility of the transfinite numbers, whether cardinals or ordinals.
The General Science Journal, 2024
This article recalls the concept of element of reality and introduces a new more general concept:... more This article recalls the concept of element of reality and introduces a new more general concept: the process of reality, which includes the first one, the concept of change and the irreversibility of time. The problem of quantum non-locality is also discussed and a new discrete scenario with a single universal locality is suggested.
This article explores the origin of the observable universe, emphasizing the near-unanimous concl... more This article explores the origin of the observable universe, emphasizing the near-unanimous conclusion that the universe had a beginning. It contrasts two main paths to this conclusion: the classical route through general relativity equations, supported by empirical evidence like the universe's expansion and cosmic microwave background radiation, and a formal approach derived from the Principle of Directional Evolution. The latter suggests that the universe's cause is external and unknowable through science limited to this universe. The paper also discusses the ne-tuning of the fundamental physical constants from a probabilistic perspective, considering the number of constants and the number of their invariant decimal figures, demonstrating that ne-tuning supports the universe's origination by a cause external to the universe itself.
After pointing out certain inadequacies and misunderstandings in the ordinary language used by ph... more After pointing out certain inadequacies and misunderstandings in the ordinary language used by physicists, and denouncing certain impossible mathematical relationships between discrete and continuous magnitudes, the emblematic Paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise is formally defined, and its immediate solution in discrete space and time is demonstrated, pointing the way that resolves all the paradoxes deduced from the continuums of densely ordered points and instants.
The General Science Journal, 2025
The overwhelming empirical evidence on the decreasing intensity of radial force fields with dista... more The overwhelming empirical evidence on the decreasing intensity of radial force fields with distance from the center of the field contradicts the impossibility of deducing that decreasing when applying transfinite mathematics to the corresponding inverse-square laws, such as Coulomb's Law or Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. This amounts to an empirical demonstration of the invalidity of this infinitist perspective for interpreting the physical world. It would be the first empirical proof of the inconsistency of the actual infinity.
The General Science Journal, 2025
This short paper poses in vector terms a kinematic problem whose only solution is the considerati... more This short paper poses in vector terms a kinematic problem whose only solution is the consideration of relative motions as the apparent motions resulting from the different absolute motions of celestial bodies through the same real and absolute physical space. Absolute motions which, on the other hand, are unobservable due to preinertia. The problem and its solution should have immediate consequences on special relativity, but it surely will not; which is more significant than the problem itself and its corresponding solution.
The General Science Journal, 2025
This paper demonstrates in formal terms that Galilean preinertia is a universal property of all p... more This paper demonstrates in formal terms that Galilean preinertia is a universal property of all physical objects which allows us to demonstrate, also in formal terms, the impossibility of detecting absolute motion and that motion can only be absolute in nature.
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Papers by Antonio León Sánchez