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MoKa-NP

The MoKa-NP is a diodeless 24-key numpad with two thumb keys and an additional pinky key for easy access toa dditional keyboard layers. The MoKa-NP utilises a new type of circuit design stemming from graph theory and mathematical design theory. Most previous diodeless keyboards work using one pin per key, such as the sweep, which uses 17 pins to control 17 keys per side, the sweeeeep, which uses 17 pins to control 17 keys per side, the cantor, which uses 18 pins to control 18 keys per side, and the piantor, which uses 21 pins to control 21 keys per side. The first two keyboards can use any pro micro-style board (traditionally, the pro micro-style boards have 18 pins available, but one of these pins is required for communication among the halves). The third and fourth keyboard requires the use of a larger microcontroller, the BlackPills and the Raspberry Pi Pico, respectively.

Following the Heawood42, the JESK56, and the ReJESK, the MoKa-NP is a diodeless keyboard requiring fewer pins than keys. The numpad uses 16 pins to control 24 keys. This means that even on a typical pro micro-style board, the MoKa-NP may have addressable RGB lights.

Due to its diodeless-ness, the MoKa-NP is ideal in several cases, as it reduces the cost and complexity of making a custom mechanical numpad.

Why 'MoKa'?

Typical mechanical keyboards arrange their keys in a grid pattern. In such a grid, there are cycles of four keys. If no diodes were used and three keys of a four-key cycle were pressed, the keyboard would act like all four keys were being pressed. See https://pcbheaven.com/wikipages/How_Key_Matrices_Works/ for an explainer of this phenomenon. By adding a diode to every key, the keyboard becomes "n-key rollover", meaning that the keyboard can theoretically distinguish all combinations of keypresses. In software, however, 6-key rollover is typically used, meaning the software assumes that if more than six keys are being pressed, then keys were pressed on accident. The USB keyboard protocol is limited to a 6-key rollover. For split keyboards, a 6-key rollover on each half is excessive, as typically one finger would only press one key at a time, and even a 5-key rollover is more than is needed.

In graph theory, it is possible to make graphs that do not contain small cycles. Each graph can be converted into a new type of key matrix, with differing characteristics. The Mobius-Kantor graph is a graph has 16 vertices, 24 edges, and a girth of 6. For more details on this graph, see House of Graphs. This graph converts to a key matrix with just a 4-key rollover. However, by designing the board specifically, all problematic 5-key and 6-key sequences may be practically eliminated, yielding the MoKa-NP.

This design is powered using any pro micro-style microcontroller.

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