+

    Transverse energy production and charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity in various systems from sNN=7.7 to 200 GeV

    A. Adare13, S. Afanasiev32, C. Aidala14,43,47,48, N. N. Ajitanand68, Y. Akiba62,63, R. Akimoto12, H. Al-Bataineh56, J. Alexander68, M. Alfred25 et al. (PHENIX Collaboration)

    M. Alfred25, A. Al-Jamel56, H. Al-Ta'ani56, A. Angerami14, K. Aoki36,39,62, N. Apadula30,69, L. Aphecetche70, Y. Aramaki12,62, R. Armendariz56, S. H. Aronson7, J. Asai63, H. Asano39,62, E. C. Aschenauer7, E. T. Atomssa40,69, R. Averbeck69, T. C. Awes58, B. Azmoun7, V. Babintsev26, M. Bai6, X. Bai11, G. Baksay20, L. Baksay20, A. Baldisseri16, N. S. Bandara47, B. Bannier69, K. N. Barish8, P. D. Barnes43,*, B. Bassalleck55, A. T. Basye1, S. Bathe5,8,63, S. Batsouli14,58, V. Baublis61, F. Bauer8, C. Baumann7,49, S. Baumgart62, A. Bazilevsky7, M. Beaumier8, S. Beckman13, S. Belikov7,30,*, R. Belmont13,48,75, R. Bennett69, A. Berdnikov65, Y. Berdnikov65, J. H. Bhom79, A. A. Bickley13, M. T. Bjorndal14, D. Black8, D. S. Blau38, J. G. Boissevain43, J. S. Bok55,56,79, H. Borel16, K. Boyle63,69, M. L. Brooks43, D. S. Brown56, J. Bryslawskyj5, D. Bucher49, H. Buesching7, V. Bumazhnov26, G. Bunce7,63, J. M. Burward-Hoy43, S. Butsyk43,55,69, S. Campbell14,30,69, A. Caringi50, P. Castera69, J.-S. Chai34,71, B. S. Chang79, J.-L. Charvet16, C.-H. Chen63,69, S. Chernichenko26, C. Y. Chi14, J. Chiba36, M. Chiu7,14,27, I. J. Choi27,79, J. B. Choi10, S. Choi67, R. K. Choudhury4, P. Christiansen45, T. Chujo74,75, P. Chung68, A. Churyn26, O. Chvala8, V. Cianciolo58, Z. Citron69,77, C. R. Cleven22, Y. Cobigo16, B. A. Cole14, M. P. Comets59, Z. Conesa del Valle40, M. Connors69, P. Constantin30,43, N. Cronin50,69, N. Crossette50, M. Csanád18, T. Csörgő78, T. Dahms69, S. Dairaku39,62, I. Danchev75, T. W. Danley57, K. Das21, A. Datta47,55, M. S. Daugherity1, G. David7, M. K. Dayananda22, M. B. Deaton1, K. DeBlasio55, K. Dehmelt20,69, H. Delagrange70,*, A. Denisov26, D. d'Enterria14, A. Deshpande63,69, E. J. Desmond7, K. V. Dharmawardane56, O. Dietzsch66, L. Ding30, A. Dion30,69, P. B. Diss46, J. H. Do79, M. Donadelli66, L. D'Orazio46, J. L. Drachenberg1, O. Drapier40, A. Drees69, K. A. Drees6, A. K. Dubey77, J. M. Durham43,69, A. Durum26, D. Dutta4, V. Dzhordzhadze8,72, S. 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Hanks14,69, H. Harada24, E. P. Hartouni42, K. Haruna24, M. Harvey7, S. Hasegawa31, T. O. S. Haseler22, K. Hashimoto62,64, E. Haslum45, K. Hasuko62, R. Hayano12, S. Hayashi12, X. He22, M. Heffner42, T. K. Hemmick69, T. Hester8, J. M. Heuser62, H. Hiejima27, J. C. Hill30, R. Hobbs55, M. Hohlmann20, R. S. Hollis8, M. Holmes75, W. Holzmann14,68, K. Homma24, B. Hong37, T. Horaguchi24,62,73,74, Y. Hori12, D. Hornback72, T. Hoshino24, N. Hotvedt30, J. Huang7,43, S. Huang75, M. G. Hur34, T. Ichihara62,63, R. Ichimiya62, H. Iinuma36,39,62, Y. Ikeda62,74, K. Imai31,39,62, Y. Imazu62, J. Imrek17, M. Inaba74, Y. Inoue62,64, A. Iordanova8, D. Isenhower1, L. Isenhower1, M. Ishihara62, A. Isinhue50, T. Isobe12, M. Issah68,75, A. Isupov32, D. Ivanishchev61, Y. Iwanaga24, B. V. Jacak69, M. Javani22, S. J. Jeon51, M. Jezghani22, J. Jia7,14,68, X. Jiang43, J. Jin14, O. Jinnouchi63, B. M. Johnson7, T. Jones1, K. S. Joo51, D. Jouan59, D. S. Jumper1,27, F. Kajihara12,62, S. Kametani12,76, N. 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Kweon37, Y. Kwon72,79, G. S. Kyle56, R. Lacey68, Y. S. Lai14, J. G. Lajoie30, A. Lebedev30, Y. Le Bornec59, S. Leckey69, B. Lee23, D. M. Lee43, G. H. Lee10, J. Lee19, K. B. Lee37,43, K. S. Lee37, M. K. Lee79, S. Lee79, S. H. Lee69, S. R. Lee10, T. Lee67, M. J. Leitch43, M. A. L. Leite66, M. Leitgab27, B. Lenzi66, B. Lewis69, X. Li11, X. H. Li8, P. Lichtenwalner50, P. Liebing63, H. Lim67, S. H. Lim79, L. A. Linden Levy13,27,42, T. Liška15, A. Litvinenko32, H. Liu43, M. X. Liu43, B. Love75, D. Lynch7, C. F. Maguire75, Y. I. Makdisi6,7, M. Makek77,80, A. Malakhov32, M. D. Malik55, A. Manion69, V. I. Manko38, E. Mannel7,14, Y. Mao60,62, T. Maruyama31, L. Mašek9,29, H. Masui74, S. Masumoto12,36, F. Matathias14,69, M. C. McCain27, M. McCumber13,43,69, P. L. McGaughey43, D. McGlinchey13,21, C. McKinney27, N. Means69, A. Meles56, M. Mendoza8, B. Meredith27, Y. Miake74, T. Mibe36, J. Midori24, A. C. Mignerey46, P. Mikeš9,29, K. Miki62,74, T. E. Miller75, A. Milov7,69,77, S. Mioduszewski7, D. K. Mishra4, G. C. Mishra22, M. Mishra3, J. T. Mitchell7, M. Mitrovski68, Y. Miyachi62,73, S. Miyasaka62,73, S. Mizuno62,74, A. K. Mohanty4, S. Mohapatra68, P. Montuenga27, H. J. Moon51, T. Moon79, Y. Morino12, A. Morreale8, D. P. Morrison7,†, M. Moskowitz50, J. M. Moss43, S. Motschwiller50, T. V. Moukhanova38, D. Mukhopadhyay75, T. Murakami39,62, J. Murata62,64, A. Mwai68, T. Nagae39, S. Nagamiya36,62, K. Nagashima24, Y. Nagata74, J. L. Nagle13,‡, M. Naglis77, M. I. Nagy18,78, I. Nakagawa62,63, H. Nakagomi62,74, Y. Nakamiya24, K. R. Nakamura39,62, T. Nakamura24,62, K. Nakano62,73, S. Nam19, C. Nattrass72, A. Nederlof50, P. K. Netrakanti4, J. Newby42, M. Nguyen69, M. Nihashi24,62, T. Niida74, S. Nishimura12, B. E. Norman43, R. Nouicer7,63, T. Novák35,78, N. Novitzky33,69, A. Nukariya12, A. S. Nyanin38, J. Nystrand45, C. Oakley22, H. Obayashi24, E. O'Brien7, S. X. Oda12, C. A. Ogilvie30, H. Ohnishi62, H. Oide12, I. D. Ojha75, M. Oka74, K. Okada63, O. O. Omiwade1, Y. Onuki62, J. D. Orjuela Koop13, J. D. Osborn48, A. Oskarsson45, I. Otterlund45, M. Ouchida24,62, K. Ozawa12,36, R. Pak7, D. Pal75, A. P. T. Palounek43, V. Pantuev28,69, V. Papavassiliou56, B. H. Park23, I. H. Park19, J. Park10,67, J. S. Park67, S. Park67, S. K. Park37, W. J. Park37, S. F. Pate56, L. Patel22, M. Patel30, H. Pei30, J.-C. Peng27, H. Pereira16, D. V. Perepelitsa7,14, G. D. N. Perera56, V. Peresedov32, D.Yu. Peressounko38, J. Perry30, R. Petti7,69, C. Pinkenburg7, R. Pinson1, R. P. Pisani7, M. Proissl69, M. L. Purschke7, A. K. Purwar43,69, H. Qu1,22, J. Rak30,33,55, A. Rakotozafindrabe40, B. J. Ramson48, I. Ravinovich77, K. F. Read58,72, S. Rembeczki20, M. Reuter69, K. Reygers49, D. Reynolds68, V. Riabov54,61, Y. Riabov61,65, E. Richardson46, T. Rinn30, N. Riveli57, D. Roach75, G. Roche44,*, S. D. Rolnick8, A. Romana40,*, M. Rosati30, C. A. Rosen13, S. S. E. Rosendahl45, P. Rosnet44, Z. Rowan5, J. G. Rubin48, P. Rukoyatkin32, P. Ružička29, V. L. Rykov62, M. S. Ryu23, S. S. Ryu79, B. Sahlmueller49,69, N. Saito36,39,62,63, T. Sakaguchi7,12,76, S. Sakai74, K. Sakashita62,73, H. Sakata24, H. Sako31, V. Samsonov54,61, M. Sano74, S. Sano12,76, M. Sarsour22, H. D. Sato39,62, S. Sato7,31,36,74, T. Sato74, S. Sawada36, B. Schaefer75, B. K. Schmoll72, K. Sedgwick8, J. Seele13,63, R. Seidl27,62,63, Y. Sekiguchi12, V. Semenov26, A. Sen22,72, R. Seto8, P. Sett4, A. Sexton46, D. Sharma69,77, A. Shaver30, T. K. Shea7, I. Shein26, A. Shevel61,68, T.-A. Shibata62,73, K. Shigaki24, M. Shimomura30,53,74, T. Shohjoh74, K. Shoji39,62, P. Shukla4, A. Sickles7,27,69, C. L. Silva30,43,66, D. Silvermyr45,58, C. Silvestre16, K. S. Sim37, B. K. Singh3, C. P. Singh3, V. Singh3, M. Skolnik50, S. Skutnik30, M. Slunečka9,32, W. C. Smith1, M. Snowball43, S. Solano50, A. Soldatov26, R. A. Soltz42, W. E. Sondheim43, S. P. Sorensen72, I. V. Sourikova7, F. Staley16, P. W. Stankus58, P. Steinberg7, E. Stenlund45, M. Stepanov47,56,*, A. Ster78, S. P. Stoll7, M. R. Stone13, T. Sugitate24, C. Suire59, A. Sukhanov7, J. P. Sullivan43, T. Sumita62, J. Sun69, J. Sziklai78, T. Tabaru63, S. Takagi74, E. M. Takagui66, A. Takahara12, A. Taketani62,63, R. Tanabe74, K. H. Tanaka36, Y. Tanaka52, S. Taneja69, K. Tanida39,62,63,67, M. J. Tannenbaum7, S. Tarafdar3,77, A. Taranenko54,68, P. Tarján17, E. Tennant56, H. Themann69, D. Thomas1, T. L. Thomas55, R. Tieulent22, A. Timilsina30, T. Todoroki62,74, M. Togawa39,62,63, A. Toia69, J. Tojo62, L. Tomášek29, M. Tomášek15,29, H. Torii12,24,62, C. L. Towell1, R. Towell1, R. S. Towell1, V-N. Tram40, I. Tserruya77, Y. Tsuchimoto12,24,62, T. Tsuji12, S. K. Tuli3,*, H. Tydesjö45, N. Tyurin26, C. Vale7,30, H. Valle75, H. W. van Hecke43, M. Vargyas18, E. Vazquez-Zambrano14, A. Veicht14,27, J. Velkovska75, R. Vértesi17,78, A. A. Vinogradov38, M. Virius15, B. Voas30, A. Vossen27, V. Vrba15,29, E. Vznuzdaev61, M. Wagner39,62, D. Walker69, X. R. Wang56,63, D. Watanabe24, K. Watanabe62,64,74, Y. Watanabe62,63, Y. S. Watanabe12,36, F. Wei30,56, R. Wei68, J. Wessels49, S. Whitaker30, A. S. White48, S. N. White7, N. Willis59, D. Winter14, S. Wolin27, C. L. Woody7, R. M. Wright1, M. Wysocki13,58, B. Xia57, W. Xie8,63, L. Xue22, S. Yalcin69, Y. L. Yamaguchi12,62,69,76, K. Yamaura24, R. Yang27, A. Yanovich26, Z. Yasin8, J. Ying22, S. Yokkaichi62,63, J. H. Yoo37, I. Yoon67, Z. You43,60, G. R. Young58, I. Younus41,55, H. Yu60, I. E. Yushmanov38, W. A. Zajc14, O. Zaudtke49, A. Zelenski6, C. Zhang14,58, S. Zhou11, J. Zimamyi78,*, L. Zolin32, and L. Zou8 (PHENIX Collaboration)

    • 1Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
    • 2Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
    • 3Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
    • 4Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
    • 5Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
    • 6Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
    • 7Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
    • 8University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
    • 9Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic
    • 10Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
    • 11Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
    • 12Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
    • 13University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
    • 14Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA, and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
    • 15Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
    • 16Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
    • 17Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
    • 18ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
    • 19Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
    • 20Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
    • 21Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
    • 22Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
    • 23Hanyang University, Seoul 133-792, Korea
    • 24Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
    • 25Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
    • 26IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
    • 27University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
    • 28Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
    • 29Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
    • 30Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
    • 31Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
    • 32Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
    • 33Helsinki Institute of Physics and University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
    • 34KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, Korea
    • 35Károly Róberts University College, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary
    • 36KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
    • 37Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
    • 38National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow 123098, Russia
    • 39Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
    • 40Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
    • 41Physics Department, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
    • 42Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
    • 43Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
    • 44LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
    • 45Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
    • 46University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    • 47Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
    • 48Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
    • 49Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
    • 50Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA
    • 51Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
    • 52Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
    • 53Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
    • 54National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
    • 55University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
    • 56New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
    • 57Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
    • 58Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
    • 59IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France
    • 60Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
    • 61PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad Region 188300, Russia
    • 62RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
    • 63RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
    • 64Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
    • 65Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
    • 66Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
    • 67Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
    • 68Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
    • 69Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
    • 70SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307, Nantes, France
    • 71Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
    • 72University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
    • 73Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
    • 74Center for Integrated Research in Fundamental Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
    • 75Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
    • 76Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
    • 77Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
    • 78Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, PO Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
    • 79Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
    • 80University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Bijenička 32, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
    • *Deceased.
    • PHENIX Co-Spokesperson: morrison@bnl.gov
    • PHENIX Co-Spokesperson: jamie.nagle@colorado.edu

    Phys. Rev. C 93, 024901 – Published 3 February, 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.024901

    Abstract

    Measurements of midrapidity charged-particle multiplicity distributions, dNch/dη, and midrapidity transverse-energy distributions, dET/dη, are presented for a variety of collision systems and energies. Included are distributions for Au+Au collisions at sNN=200, 130, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 14.5, and 7.7 GeV, Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=200 and 62.4 GeV, Cu+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV, U+U collisions at sNN=193 GeV, d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV, He3+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV, and p+p collisions at sNN=200 GeV. Centrality-dependent distributions at midrapidity are presented in terms of the number of nucleon participants, Npart, and the number of constituent quark participants, Nqp. For all A+A collisions down to sNN=7.7 GeV, it is observed that the midrapidity data are better described by scaling with Nqp than scaling with Npart. Also presented are estimates of the Bjorken energy density, ɛBJ, and the ratio of dET/dη to dNch/dη, the latter of which is seen to be constant as a function of centrality for all systems.

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