Systematic study of azimuthal anisotropy in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at and 200 GeV
A. Adare11, S. Afanasiev27, C. Aidala12,39, N. N. Ajitanand57, Y. Akiba51,52, H. Al-Bataineh45, A. Al-Jamel45, J. Alexander57, K. Aoki32,51 et al. (PHENIX Collaboration)
K. Aoki32,51, L. Aphecetche59, R. Armendariz45, S. H. Aronson6, J. Asai52, E. T. Atomssa33, R. Averbeck58, T. C. Awes47, B. Azmoun6, V. Babintsev21, G. Baksay17, L. Baksay17, A. Baldisseri14, K. N. Barish7, P. D. Barnes36,*, B. Bassalleck44, S. Bathe4,7, S. Batsouli12,47, V. Baublis50, F. Bauer7, A. Bazilevsky6, S. Belikov6,25,*, R. Bennett58, Y. Berdnikov54, A. A. Bickley11, M. T. Bjorndal12, J. G. Boissevain36, H. Borel14, K. Boyle58, M. L. Brooks36, D. S. Brown45, D. Bucher40, H. Buesching6, V. Bumazhnov21, G. Bunce6,52, J. M. Burward-Hoy36, S. Butsyk36,58, S. Campbell58, J.-S. Chai28, B. S. Chang67, J.-L. Charvet14, S. Chernichenko21, C. Y. Chi12, J. Chiba29, M. Chiu12,22, I. J. Choi67, T. Chujo63, P. Chung57, A. Churyn21, V. Cianciolo47, C. R. Cleven19, Y. Cobigo14, B. A. Cole12, M. P. Comets48, P. Constantin25,36, M. Csanád16, T. Csörgő66, T. Dahms58, K. Das18, G. David6, M. B. Deaton1, K. Dehmelt17, H. Delagrange59, A. Denisov21, D. d'Enterria12, A. Deshpande52,58, E. J. Desmond6, O. Dietzsch55, A. Dion58, M. Donadelli55, J. L. Drachenberg1, O. Drapier33, A. Drees58, A. K. Dubey65, A. Durum21, V. Dzhordzhadze7,60, Y. V. Efremenko47, J. Egdemir58, F. Ellinghaus11, W. S. Emam7, A. Enokizono20,35, H. En'yo51,52, B. Espagnon48, S. Esumi62, K. O. Eyser7, D. E. Fields44,52, M. Finger8,27, M. Finger, Jr.8,27, F. Fleuret33, S. L. Fokin31, B. Forestier37, Z. Fraenkel65,*, J. E. Frantz12,46,58, A. Franz6, A. D. Frawley18, K. Fujiwara51, Y. Fukao32,51, S.-Y. Fung7, T. Fusayasu42, S. Gadrat37, I. Garishvili60, F. Gastineau59, M. Germain59, A. Glenn11,60, H. Gong58, M. Gonin33, J. Gosset14, Y. Goto51,52, R. Granier de Cassagnac33, N. Grau2,25, S. V. Greene63, M. Grosse Perdekamp22,52, T. Gunji10, H.-Å. Gustafsson38,*, T. Hachiya20,51, A. Hadj Henni59, C. Haegemann44, J. S. Haggerty6, M. N. Hagiwara1, H. Hamagaki10, R. Han49, H. Harada20, E. P. Hartouni35, K. Haruna20, M. Harvey6, E. Haslum38, K. Hasuko51, R. Hayano10, X. He19, M. Heffner35, T. K. Hemmick58, T. Hester7, J. M. Heuser51, H. Hiejima22, J. C. Hill25, R. Hobbs44, M. Hohlmann17, M. Holmes63, W. Holzmann57, K. Homma20, B. Hong30, T. Horaguchi51,61, D. Hornback60, S. Huang63, M. G. Hur28, T. Ichihara51,52, H. Iinuma32,51, K. Imai26,32,51, M. Inaba62, Y. Inoue51,53, D. Isenhower1, L. Isenhower1, M. Ishihara51, T. Isobe10, M. Issah57, A. Isupov27, B. V. Jacak58, J. Jia12, J. Jin12, O. Jinnouchi52, B. M. Johnson6, K. S. Joo41, D. Jouan48, F. Kajihara10,51, S. Kametani10,64, N. Kamihara51,61, J. Kamin58, M. Kaneta52, J. H. Kang67, H. Kanou51,61, T. Kawagishi62, D. Kawall52, A. V. Kazantsev31, S. Kelly11, A. Khanzadeev50, J. Kikuchi64, D. H. Kim41, D. J. Kim67, E. Kim56, Y.-S. Kim28, E. Kinney11, Á. Kiss16, E. Kistenev6, A. Kiyomichi51, J. Klay35, C. Klein-Boesing40, L. Kochenda50, V. Kochetkov21, B. Komkov50, M. Konno62, D. Kotchetkov7, A. Kozlov65, A. Král13, A. Kravitz12, P. J. Kroon6, J. Kubart8,24, G. J. Kunde36, N. Kurihara10, K. Kurita51,53, M. J. Kweon30, Y. Kwon60,67, G. S. Kyle45, R. Lacey57, Y. S. Lai12, J. G. Lajoie25, A. Lebedev25, Y. Le Bornec48, S. Leckey58, D. M. Lee36, M. K. Lee67, T. Lee56, M. J. Leitch36, M. A. L. Leite55, B. Lenzi55, X. Li9, X. H. Li7, H. Lim56, T. Liška13, A. Litvinenko27, M. X. Liu36, B. Love63, D. Lynch6, C. F. Maguire63, Y. I. Makdisi5,6, A. Malakhov27, M. D. Malik44, V. I. Manko31, Y. Mao49,51, L. Mašek8,24, H. Masui62, F. Matathias12,58, M. C. McCain22, M. McCumber58, P. L. McGaughey36, Y. Miake62, P. Mikeš8,24, K. Miki62, T. E. Miller63, A. Milov58, S. Mioduszewski6, G. C. Mishra19, M. Mishra3, J. T. Mitchell6, M. Mitrovski57, A. Morreale7, D. P. Morrison6,†, J. M. Moss36, T. V. Moukhanova31, D. Mukhopadhyay63, J. Murata51,53, S. Nagamiya29,51, Y. Nagata62, J. L. Nagle11,‡, M. Naglis65, I. Nakagawa51,52, Y. Nakamiya20, T. Nakamura20, K. Nakano51,61, J. Newby35, M. Nguyen58, B. E. Norman36, R. Nouicer6, A. S. Nyanin31, J. Nystrand38, E. O'Brien6, S. X. Oda10, C. A. Ogilvie25, H. Ohnishi51, I. D. Ojha63, M. Oka62, K. Okada52, O. O. Omiwade1, A. Oskarsson38, I. Otterlund38, M. Ouchida20, K. Ozawa10, R. Pak6, D. Pal63, A. P. T. Palounek36, V. Pantuev23,58, V. Papavassiliou45, J. Park56, W. J. Park30, S. F. Pate45, H. Pei25, J.-C. Peng22, H. Pereira14, V. Peresedov27, D. Yu. Peressounko31, C. Pinkenburg6, R. P. Pisani6, M. L. Purschke6, A. K. Purwar36,58, H. Qu19, J. Rak25,44, A. Rakotozafindrabe33, I. Ravinovich65, K. F. Read47,60, S. Rembeczki17, M. Reuter58, K. Reygers40, V. Riabov43,50, Y. Riabov50, G. Roche37, A. Romana33,*, M. Rosati25, S. S. E. Rosendahl38, P. Rosnet37, P. Rukoyatkin27, V. L. Rykov51, S. S. Ryu67, B. Sahlmueller40,58, N. Saito32,51,52, T. Sakaguchi6,10,64, S. Sakai62, H. Sakata20, V. Samsonov43,50, H. D. Sato32,51, S. Sato6,26,29, S. Sawada29, J. Seele11, R. Seidl22, V. Semenov21, R. Seto7, D. Sharma65, T. K. Shea6, I. Shein21, A. Shevel50,57, T.-A. Shibata51,61, K. Shigaki20, M. Shimomura62, T. Shohjoh62, K. Shoji32,51, A. Sickles22,58, C. L. Silva55, D. Silvermyr47, C. Silvestre14, K. S. Sim30, C. P. Singh3, V. Singh3, S. Skutnik25, M. Slunečka8,27, W. C. Smith1, A. Soldatov21, R. A. Soltz35, W. E. Sondheim36, S. P. Sorensen60, I. V. Sourikova6, F. Staley14, P. W. Stankus47, E. Stenlund38, M. Stepanov45,*, A. Ster66, S. P. Stoll6, T. Sugitate20, C. Suire48, J. P. Sullivan36, J. Sziklai66, T. Tabaru52, S. Takagi62, E. M. Takagui55, A. Taketani51,52, K. H. Tanaka29, Y. Tanaka42, K. Tanida51,52,56, M. J. Tannenbaum6, A. Taranenko43,57, P. Tarján15, T. L. Thomas44, T. Todoroki51,62, M. Togawa32,51, A. Toia58, J. Tojo51, L. Tomášek24, H. Torii51, R. S. Towell1, V-N. Tram33, I. Tserruya65, Y. Tsuchimoto20,51, S. K. Tuli3,*, H. Tydesjö38, N. Tyurin21, C. Vale25, H. Valle63, H. W. van Hecke36, J. Velkovska63, R. Vértesi15, A. A. Vinogradov31, M. Virius13, V. Vrba24, E. Vznuzdaev50, M. Wagner32,51, D. Walker58, X. R. Wang45, Y. Watanabe51,52, J. Wessels40, S. N. White6, N. Willis48, D. Winter12, C. L. Woody6, M. Wysocki11, W. Xie7,52, Y. L. Yamaguchi64, A. Yanovich21, Z. Yasin7, J. Ying19, S. Yokkaichi51,52, G. R. Young47, I. Younus34,44, I. E. Yushmanov31, W. A. Zajc12, O. Zaudtke40, C. Zhang12,47, S. Zhou9, J. Zimányi66,*, and L. Zolin27 (PHENIX Collaboration)
- 1Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
- 2Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
- 3Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- 4Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA
- 5Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- 6Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- 7University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- 8Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic
- 9Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
- 10Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- 11University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- 12Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
- 13Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- 14Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- 15Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
- 16ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmany Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
- 17Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
- 18Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
- 19Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- 20Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- 21IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
- 22University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- 23Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
- 24Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- 25Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- 26Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
- 27Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
- 28KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, Korea
- 29KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- 30Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
- 31Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow 123098, Russia
- 32Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- 33Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
- 34Physics Department, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
- 35Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- 36Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- 37LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
- 38Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- 39Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- 40Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
- 41Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
- 42Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
- 43National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
- 44University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- 45New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
- 46Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- 47Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- 48IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France
- 49Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- 50PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad Region 188300, Russia
- 51RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- 52RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
- 53Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
- 54Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
- 55Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
- 56Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- 57Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
- 58Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
- 59SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307, Nantes, France
- 60University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- 61Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- 62Center for Integrated Research in Fundamental Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
- 63Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- 64Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- 65Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- 66Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI), Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- 67Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
- *Deceased.
- †PHENIX Cospokesperson: morrison@bnl.gov
- ‡PHENIX Cospokesperson: jamie.nagle@colorado.edu
Phys. Rev. C 92, 034913 – Published 23 September, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034913
Abstract
We have studied the dependence of azimuthal anisotropy for inclusive and identified charged hadrons in and collisions on collision energy, species, and centrality. The values of as a function of transverse momentum and centrality in collisions at and 62.4 GeV are the same within uncertainties. However, in collisions we observe a decrease in values as the collision energy is reduced from 200 to 62.4 GeV. The decrease is larger in the more peripheral collisions. By examining both and collisions we find that depends both on eccentricity and the number of participants, . We observe that divided by eccentricity () monotonically increases with and scales as . The data at 62.4 GeV falls below the other scaled data. For identified hadrons, divided by the number of constituent quarks is independent of hadron species as a function of transverse kinetic energy between GeV. Combining all of the above scaling and normalizations, we observe a near-universal scaling, with the exception of the data at 62.4 GeV, of vs for all measured particles.