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  1. The genera Agathis (Coniferales: Araucariaceae) and Hymenaea (Fabales: Fabaceae) contain resin-producing tree species that are crucial for actuotaphonomic studies. While certain Cretaceous ambers likely originate...

    Authors: Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer, Antonio Monleón-Getino, Enrique Peñalver, Atahualpa S. Kraemer, Mélanie C. M. Herbert, David Peris, Antonio Arillo, Vincent Perrichot, Eduardo Barrón, Romain Garrouste, Maria Paulsen and Xavier Delclòs
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:337
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Perturbations in flux through the carotenoid pathway can signal control over nuclear gene expression to maintain metabolic homeostasis in plastids; however, the genetic targets and mechanisms are rarely charac...

    Authors: Yagiz Alagoz, Jwalit J. Nayak, Rishi Aryal, Jacinta L. Watkins, Sophie Holland, David T. Tissue, Barry J. Pogson and Christopher I. Cazzonelli
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:334
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Soil salinization threatens global rice production, driving the urgent need for salt-tolerant rice cultivars. Sea rice HD961, renowned for its exceptional salt tolerance, serves as an ideal model for elucidati...

    Authors: Haomin Chen, Mingming Chen, Shan Yang, Hongkai Zhou, Zhihao Xie, Yongxiang Huang and Daming Chen
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:333
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Mammals exhibit diverse adaptations to varied habitats, yet the genomic mechanisms underlying these transitions remain incompletely understood. Here, we present a comparative genomic, epigenomic, and three-dim...

    Authors: Na Wan, Jiaqi Chen, Muli Jiang, Mengzhuo Wu, Haolin Li, Mozhi Wen, Wei Shen, Xiaolong Liang, Xiaojie Yang, Yijing Liu, Yige Gao, Eviatar Nevo and Kexin Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:332
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Pseudomonas fluorescens is a Gram-negative bacterium with a remarkable metabolic and physiological versatility that enables it to adapt and colonize diverse ecological niches, including the human small intestine....

    Authors: Barbora Waclawiková, Markus Schwalbe, Diana Ilyaskina, Semih Toptas, Nicola U. Thome, Chao Du, Somayah S. Elsayed, Anne de Jong, Gilles P. van Wezel and Sahar El Aidy
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:330
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Auxin is crucial for plant growth and influences plant–pathogen interactions. Pathogen-produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is crucial for pathogenicity; however, the role of plant-derived or pathogen-derived I...

    Authors: Su Hu, Haibin Zhao, Qin Wu, Qiantao Jiang, Jian Ma, Pengfei Qi, Guoyue Chen, Youliang Zheng, Yuming Wei and Qiang Xu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:329
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. The discovery of RNA 5-methyluridine (m5U) modifications is vital in computational biology due to their essential significance in different biological processes. This study presents a powerful predictor named ...

    Authors: Naif Almusallam, Salman Khan, Fawaz Khaled Alarfaj and Nijad Ahmad
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:328
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Reduced representation sequencing (RRS) using Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) has become a widely adopted method for whole-genome genotyping, owing to its cost-effectiveness and applicabil...

    Authors: Peng Chen, Bipei Zhang, Sheng Zhao, Zhenghang Zhu, Yiming Yan, Haotian Chen, Hong Lu, Yong Xiang, Yongquan Li and Yuxiao Chang
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:327
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Butterfly eyespots are striking examples of evolutionary novelty arising through the repurposing of ancestral genetic pathways, including pathways involved in wound healing. Given the activation of the immune ...

    Authors: Maria Adelina Jerónimo, Ana Rita Garizo, Guilherme W. Atencio, David Duneau and Patrícia Beldade
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:326
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Machine learning is a robust framework to analyze questions using complex data in a variety of fields. We present definitions and recent applications of four key machine learning methods and discuss their adva...

    Authors: Md Nafis Ul Alam, Kiran Basava, Ani Chitransh, H. M. Abdul Fattah, Hector D. Garcia-Verdugo, Shih-Hsuan Lo, Tanisha Lohchab, Kristen M. Martinet, Cristian Román-Palacios, Jhan Carlos Salazar and Danielle Van Boxel
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:324
    Content type: Review Published on:

  16. Phylogenetic networks (Web of Life) depict the intricate evolutionary dynamics of organisms more accurately than simple bifurcating trees (Tree of Life), because processes such as hybridization and polyploidy ...

    Authors: Chao Xu, Zetao Jin, Siyu Xie, Hui Wang, Xiaohua Lin, Daikun Ma, Yu Zhang and Binbin Liu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:322
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Mathematical models are essential for understanding viral dynamics, with the basic viral model widely used to describe infection kinetics. Quasi-steady-state approximation (QSSA) is often applied to improve co...

    Authors: Jong Hyuk Byun, Il Hyo Jung, Shingo Iwami, Yong Dam Jeong and Kwang Su Kim
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:321
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Hemiptera is an insect order with extremely high physiological and behavioral diversity. Feeding traits have switched and reversed multiple times, but the molecular basis governing this phenotypical change rem...

    Authors: Ling Ma, Yuange Duan, Fanding Gao, Xinyu Li, Tianyou Zhao, Shangyuan Wu, Li Tian, Fan Song, Wanzhi Cai and Hu Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:320
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Lichens are an ancient symbiosis comprising the thalli of lichen-forming fungi, their photoautotrophic partners, and their microbiome. So far, they were poorly studied at the genome sequence level. Here, we pr...

    Authors: Matthias Heuberger, Carlotta Marie Wehrkamp, Alina Pfammatter, Manuel Poretti, Johannes Peter Graf, Aline Herger, Jonatan Isaksson, Edith Schlagenhauf, Rosmarie Honegger, Thomas Wicker and Alexandros G. Sotiropoulos
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:319
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Living animals reach their end-of-life through a stereotypic set of fascinating but poorly understood processes. The discovery, first in flies and later in nematodes and zebrafish, of the “Smurf phenotype” has...

    Authors: Céline Cansell, Vivien Goepp, Fanny Bain, Nicolas Todd, Veronique Douard, Magali Monnoye, Flaminia Zane, Clara Sanchez, Nicolas Pietrancosta, Carole Rovere, Raphaël G. P. Denis, Serge Luquet and Michael Rera
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:318
    Content type: Registered Report Published on:

  21. Identification of ancient evolutionary lineages and areas of natural admixture can have important implications for conservation policies aimed at preserving biodiversity in the face of existential threats. The...

    Authors: Richard P. Brown, Luca Bianco, Paolo Fontana, Peter Shum, Raquel Vasconcelos and Yuanting Jin
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:317
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Ribosomes are huge ribonucleoprotein particles that mediate protein synthesis in all organisms. The synthesis of ribosomes is a complex process that involves hundreds of supporting factors in mammalian cells, ...

    Authors: Claudia Gafko, Réka Hollandi, Kerstin Dörner, Matteo Rosellini, Ivo Zemp, Peter Horvath and Ulrike Kutay
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:315
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  24. Inbreeding depression plays a role in the decline, endangerment, and extinction of small populations, and thus inbreeding has received much attention in conservation biology. The term inbreeding is used across...

    Authors: Bárbara R. Parreira, Patrícia Pečnerová, Laura Tensen, Sabhrina Gita Aninta, Anna Brüniche-Olsen, Anubhab Khan, Hernán E. Morales and Lauren M. Hennelly
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:314
    Content type: Q&A Published on:

  25. Organoids have great potential to revolutionize various aspects of biomedical research and healthcare. Researchers typically use the fluorescence-based approach to analyse their dynamics, which requires specia...

    Authors: Yiming Qin, Jiajia Li, Yin Heng, Zheyuan Wang, Dezhi Wu, Mahi Rahman, Pengwei Hu, Tobias Plötz, Alexander Hopp, Nicholas Kurniawan, Mathias Winkel, Philipp Harbach, Chunling Tang and Feng Tan
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:313
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Almost all mammals rely on the thymus and bone marrow to generate and differentiate B and T cells essential for adaptive immunity. A few members of the family Soricidae, or true shrews within Eulipotyphla, hav...

    Authors: William R. Thomas, Cecilia Baldoni, Tanya M. Lama, Yuanyuan Zeng, Angelique P. Corthals, Dominik von Elverfeldt, John Nieland, Dina K. N. Dechmann and Liliana M. Dávalos
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:312
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Non-histone lysine acetylation is a widespread protein post-translational modification that regulates almost all key cellular processes, and its dysregulation is closely associated with various human diseases....

    Authors: Yuqing Geng, Hao Luo and Feng Gao
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:311
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Serial dependencies in perceptual tasks have been suggested to reflect implicit perceptual priors derived from short-term perceptual history. A reduced weighting of perceptual priors has been proposed as a mec...

    Authors: Anna-Chiara Schaub, Anna-Lena Eckert, Stijn A. Nuiten, Veith Weilnhammer and Philipp Sterzer
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:310
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Predicting drug-target interactions (DTIs) is essential for accelerating drug discovery, yet traditional experimental methods are time-consuming and costly. Computational approaches, especially those using mac...

    Authors: Youyuan Shui, Xuewen Ge, Chen Cao, Junjie Wang, Jie Hu and Yun Liu
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:309
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Entamoeba histolytica, an enteric pathogen, causes disease by adhering to and destroying the host tissues. The interaction between the parasite and host tissue enables the rewiring of gene expression and global m...

    Authors: Navyaka Padavala and Kuldeep Verma
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:308
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Bacterial infections rank as the second leading cause of death globally, with virulence factors (VFs) being crucial to their pathogenicity. Predicting VFs accurately can uncover mechanisms of bacterial disease...

    Authors: Yitong Liu, Xin Cao, Jiani Li, Tao Li, Juanjuan Li, Xiang Ma, Xue Chi, Yanqiong Tang, Zhu Liu and Hong Li
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:307
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. The ability to respond plastically to environmental variation is a key determinant of fitness. Females may use cues to strategically place their eggs, for example adjusting the number or location of eggs accor...

    Authors: Emily R. Churchill, Emily K. Fowler, Lucy A. Friend, Marco Archetti, Douglas W. Yu, Andrew F. G. Bourke, Tracey Chapman and Amanda Bretman
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:306
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Novel interventions for mosquito-borne disease control which release modified mosquitoes that are sterilised or genetically modified to cause offspring inviability are progressing towards field applications. C...

    Authors: Penelope A. Hancock, Tin-Yu J. Hui, Patric S. Epopa, Azize Milogo, Andrew R. McKemey, Franck A. Yao, Abdoulaye Diabaté and Austin Burt
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:303
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Mitochondria carry out essential functions in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondrial genome encodes factors critical to support oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial protein import necessary for these funct...

    Authors: Katie Lin Amberg, Lyrica Hao, Susanne Cranz-Mileva and Mikel Zaratiegui
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:302
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Land plants include angiosperms, gymnosperms, bryophytes, lycophytes, and ferns, each of which may deploy distinct strategies to resist pathogens. Here, we investigate fern-pathogen interactions by characteriz...

    Authors: Baptiste Castel, Madeleine Baker, Jean Keller, Yves Martinez, Maxime Bonhomme, Pierre-Marc Delaux and Christophe Jacquet
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:301
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Skinks (Scincidae) are one of the most diverse and ecologically versatile lizard families, making them key models for studying major evolutionary transitions including viviparity, limb reduction, and shifts be...

    Authors: Paul A. Saunders, Francisco M. C. Sassi, Marcelo B. Cioffi, Oleg Simakov, Christopher P. Burridge, Tariq Ezaz and Erik Wapstra
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:300
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. The genus Beta encompasses important crops such as sugar, table, fodder, and leaf beets. All cultivated beets are believed to have originated from the wild sea beet, B. vulgaris subsp. maritima. Sugar beet, a rec...

    Authors: Amar Singh Dhiman, Demetris Taliadoros, Eva H. Stukenbrock, J. Mitchell McGrath, Nazgol Emrani and Christian Jung
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:299
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. The wing veins of known fossil and living phorids are reduced, making them difficult to homologise. Consequently, different interpretations have led to much confusion over the years. However, veins are crucial...

    Authors: Mélanie C. M. Herbert, André Nel, Brian V. Brown, Antonio Arillo, Brendon E. Boudinot and Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:298
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) cultivation is significantly challenged by high temperatures (HT), especially during reproductive stages, leading to male abortion and yield losses.

    Authors: Aamir Hamid Khan, Qingyuan Li, Anyu Luo, Huanhuan Ma, Marcin Kiedrzyński, Abdullah Shalmani, Adnan Akbar, Adnan Iqbal, Jing Cao, Longfu Zhu, Xianlong Zhang and Ling Min
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:297
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Curvature is a ubiquitous feature in biology, shaping structures at every scale and playing diverse roles in processes ranging from membrane dynamics to tissue organization. In this review, we first introduce ...

    Authors: Carole Arnold, Ismail Tahmaz, Marie-Ly Chapon, Hasna Maayouf, Valeriy Luchnikov, Jean-Louis Milan, Fabricio Borghi and Laurent Pieuchot
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:296
    Content type: Review Published on:

  44. The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of potato that undergoes diapause (hibernation) to survive harsh winter conditions. Lipid metabolism plays a cruc...

    Authors: Doga Cedden, Gözde Güney, Şerife Bayram, Doug Baldwin, Cathy Coutu, Dwayne Hegedus, Megan N. Lipke, Cansu Doğan, Russell L. Groves and Umut Toprak
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:294
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Many species of lichen-forming fungi exhibit large geographical ranges and broad thermal niches, making them excellent models for investigating the genomics of climate adaptation. In this study, we examined th...

    Authors: Edgar L.Y. Wong, Anjuli Calchera, Jürgen Otte and Imke Schmitt
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:293
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) belong to the large guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) family and have specialised in host defence in vivo against a broad spectrum of invading pathogens. This ancient evolut...

    Authors: João Vasco Côrte-Real, Ana Pinheiro, Jordan M. Sampson, Kimberly A. Morrissey, João Pedro Marques, Hanna-Mari Baldauf, Robert D. Miller, Joana Abrantes and Pedro José Esteves
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:292
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Collective migration is the coordinated movement of a group of cells—a fundamental process in health and disease. Many models have been developed to study the molecular and physical mechanisms of collective mi...

    Authors: Janine Grolleman, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Vito Conte and Cecilia M. Sahlgren
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:291
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. The primary signals of sex determination in insects are diverse and evolve erratically. This also appears to be the case with moths and butterflies. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, female development is triggered by...

    Authors: Sander Visser, Atsuo Yoshido, Irena Provazníková, Martina Dalíková, Dagmar Voříšková, Anna Chung Voleníková, Eveline C. Verhulst and František Marec
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:289
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Structural variants (SVs) are genetic polymorphisms including deletions, insertions, inversions, and duplications, with potential to influence traits through impacts on gene function and expression. SVs have n...

    Authors: Zexin Jiao, Robert Mukiibi, Manu Kumar Gundappa, Massimiliano Babbucci, James G. D. Prendergast, Diego Robledo, Luca Bargelloni and Daniel J. Macqueen
    Citation: BMC Biology 2025 23:288
    Content type: Research Published on:
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