Extended Data Fig. 6: Breakdown of overall life-cycle GHG emissions of 2030 and 2050 medium-sized passenger vehicles for carbon intensities of electricity for several regions, quantified using the LCA model presented in Sacchi et al.51.
From: Potential and risks of hydrogen-based e-fuels in climate change mitigation
Numbers in each panel title are the GHG intensity of average electricity supply mixes (for 2017–18)68. In the legend, ‘EoL’: End of life (of vehicles); ‘energy chain’ represents net emissions associated with fuel supply. CO2 for e-fuels is supplied via DAC or fossil CCU.