glTF was designed by the Khronos Group for efficiently transferring 3D content over networks. It uses JSON files to describe 3D scenes, with references to separate binary files for geometry, animation, and other data. The JSON file defines scenes, nodes, meshes, materials and other elements that make up a 3D scene. Nodes can represent hierarchies and transformations in a scene. Meshes define geometry and references to material properties. Materials describe how objects appear based on physical properties. Together, these elements allow complex 3D scenes to be efficiently described and rendered across different platforms and applications.