Privacy Sandbox 的文章和說明文件假設讀者瞭解隱私權、廣告和網頁開發的概念。本詞彙表會說明與 Privacy Sandbox 相關的重要術語。
廣告競價 (Protected Audience API)
In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.
廣告素材、素材
Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.
Ad Exchange
廣告交易平台是一種平台，可自動購買和銷售多個廣告聯播網的廣告空間。
廣告空間
廣告空間是廣告空間銷售網站所提供的廣告空間或空間。
廣告平台 (廣告技術)
廣告平台是提供服務來放送廣告的公司。
廣告主
廣告客戶是付費宣傳自家產品的公司。
可匯總報表計算
A distributed ledger, located in both coordinators, that tracks the allocated privacy budget and enforces the 'No Duplicates' rule. This is the privacy preserving mechanism, located and run within coordinators, that ensures no reports pass through the Aggregation Service beyond the allocated privacy budget.
Read more on how batching strategies relate to aggregatable reports.
可匯總報表計算預算
References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.
可匯總報表
Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.
Learn more about aggregatable reports.
匯總服務
An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.
Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.
API 呼叫端
API 呼叫端是向 Topics API 提出存取使用者興趣要求的實體，例如應用程式、第三方 SDK 或網站。
確認聲明
驗證軟體身分的機制，通常會使用加密雜湊或簽章。對於匯總服務提案，認證會將廣告技術營運匯總服務中執行的程式碼與開放原始碼進行比對。
歸因
Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.
For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.
Blink
Blink 是 Chrome 使用的轉譯引擎，同時由 Chromium 專案開發。
採購
買方是指在廣告競價中針對廣告空間出價的第三方，可能是需求端平台，也可能是廣告客戶本身。買方擁有及管理興趣群組
發布商會透過稱為「廣告交易平台」的市集提供廣告空間，而買方會透過需求端平台即時競爭刊登廣告的機會。
瞭解 Protected Audience API 中的廣告空間買方。
鉻
Chromium 是開放原始碼網路瀏覽器專案。Chrome、Microsoft Edge、Opera 和其他瀏覽器 以 Chromium 為基礎。
點閱後轉換
A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.
點閱率 (CTR)
The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.
See also impression.
貢獻者綁定
Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For
example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an
advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to
a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).
Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.
轉換
A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.
For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.
Cookie
Cookie 是網站儲存在使用者的瀏覽器中的一小段文字資料。 網站可使用 Cookie，在使用者進行網路移動時儲存與使用者相關的資訊 (或網站後端伺服器所儲存資料的參照)。
舉例來說，網路商店可以保留購物車詳細資料，即便使用者未登入，或是網站可以記錄使用者的瀏覽活動。請參閱「第一方 Cookie」和「第三方 Cookie」這兩篇文章。
協調員
Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.
粗略資料
Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.
資料管理平台 (DMP)
A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.
Learn more about DMPs.
需求端平台 (DSP)
A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.
差異化隱私
Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.
網域
熵
「熵」是指一項資料項目揭露個人身分的程度。
資料熵是以位元測量。資料揭露越多，熵價值就越高。
資料可以結合以找出個人，但要確認新資料是否新增至熵內容，並不容易。舉例來說，如果你已知道人來自澳洲人，但知道對方是澳洲人，並不會因此減少熵。
訓練週期
在 Topics API 中，「週期」是指瀏覽器根據瀏覽活動推斷使用者的一段時間。目前設為一週。
eTLD、eTLD+1
eTLD 是由 公開尾碼清單。
例如：
co.uk
github.io
glitch.me
只要具備有效的頂層網域，foo.appspot.com 就能和其他網站
bar.appspot.com。本案例的 eTLD 為 appspot.com，
網站名稱 (foo.appspot.com、bar.appspot.com) 稱為 eTLD+1。
另請參閱頂層網域。
事件層級報表
事件層級報表，將特定廣告點擊或瀏覽 (在廣告端) 與轉換端的資料建立關聯。為了藉由限制跨網站整合使用者身分來維護使用者隱私，轉換端資料非常有限，而且資料十分雜亂。
Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)
Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.
FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.
聯合身分識別 (聯合登入)
Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.
圍欄頁框
A (<fencedframe>) 是針對嵌入內容提出的 HTML 元素提案，類似於 iframe。與 iframe 不同的是，圍欄頁框會限制與嵌入結構定義的通訊，允許影格存取跨網站資料，而不會與嵌入環境共用。
部分 Privacy Sandbox API 可能需要特定文件才能在圍欄頁框中顯示。進一步瞭解 Fenced Frames 提案。
數位指紋採集
Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.
Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.
表面指紋採集
指紋途徑可以與其他途徑搭配使用，以識別特定使用者或裝置。
例如，navigator.userAgent() JavaScript 方法和 User-Agent HTTP 要求標頭會提供指紋途徑 (User-Agent 字串) 的存取權。
第一方
第一方是指您造訪的網站資源。
舉例來說，您正在閱讀的網頁位於 developer.chrome.com 網站上，並包含該網站要求的資源。這些第一方資源的要求稱為「第一方要求」。來自您造訪網站時儲存的 developer.chrome.com Cookie 稱為第一方 Cookie。
另請參閱第三方。
第一方 Cookie
A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.
For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.
I2E
實驗意圖 (I2E) 宣布一項計畫即將推出新的 Blink 功能，供使用者進行測試，通常是透過來源試用。
I2EE
「擴充實驗」(I2EE) 是一項計畫的公告，用於延長來源試用的持續時間。
I2P
Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.
I2S
Intent to Ship (I2S) 宣布了一項計劃，那就是向使用 Chrome 穩定版的使用者提供 Blink 的新功能。
曝光
Impression could refer to either:
- View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
- An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually
<div>tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.
按照興趣顯示廣告 (IBA)
Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.
興趣群組
In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.
Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.
庫存
Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div>
tags) where ads can be displayed.
k-anonymity
K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).
雜訊和縮放
Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.
Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.
Nonce
Nonce 是加密通訊中只使用一次的任意數字。
來源
來源是由存取網址的配置 (通訊協定)、主機名稱 (網域) 和通訊埠所定義。
例如：https://developer.chrome.com
來源試用
Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.
When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.
Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.
被動表面
Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.
Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.
The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.
Protected Audience API
Protected Audience API 是 FLEDGE API 的新名稱。
發布商
在 Privacy Sandbox 的結構定義中，發布商是一種付費放送廣告的網站。
觸及率
觸及率是指看到廣告或造訪顯示廣告網頁的使用者總數。
即時出價 (RTB)
即時出價是指透過自動化競價的方式，買賣網站上的廣告曝光，在網頁載入期間完成。
再行銷
Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.
For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.
報表來源
The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.
縮放比例係數
Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.
賣方
賣方是進行廣告競價的一方，可能是賣方平台，也可能是發布商。
共用 ID
A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin,
destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only),
source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only),
scheduled_report_time, and version.
Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info
field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within
Aggregatable Report Accounting.
Read more about Trusted Servers.
網站
網站等同於 eTLD+1 和配置 (通訊協定)。
另請參閱頂層網域。
儲存空間分區
儲存空間分區是 Chrome 的一種機制，目的是防止特定類型的旁路跨網站追蹤，而 Chrome 在第三方環境中將儲存與通訊 API 分區。
儲存空間分區可防止網站彙整不同網站的資料，以追蹤使用者在網路上的活動。
摘要報表
Attribution Reporting API 和 Private Aggregation API 報表類型。摘要報表包含匯總的使用者資料，並可納入加入雜訊的詳細轉換資料。摘要報表是由匯總報表組成。相較於事件層級報表，這類報表提供更大的彈性，並提供更豐富的資料模型，特別適用於轉換價值等某些用途。
供應端平台、賣方平台
A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.
Surface
第三方
Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.
For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from
google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from
use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an
iframe). See also First-party.
第三方 Cookie
A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.
For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.
See also First-party cookie.
頂層網域 (TLD)
.com 和 .org 等頂層網域會列在「根區域資料庫」中。
主題
「主題」是人類可讀的使用者興趣主題，並屬於 Topics 分類。
主題分類
The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.
受信任的執行環境 (TEE)
A secure configuration of computer hardware and software that allows external parties to verify the exact versions of software running on the machine without fear of exposure. TEEs allow external parties to verify that the software does exactly what the software manufacturer claims it does—nothing more or less.
To learn more about TEEs used for the Privacy Sandbox proposals, read the Protected Audience API services explainer and the Aggregation Service explainer.
使用者代理程式用戶端提示 (UA-CH)
使用者代理程式用戶端提示會針對明確要求提供 User-Agent 字串的特定部分。這有助於減少 User-Agent 字串中的被動途徑，可能導致使用者識別或隱密追蹤。
UA-CH 有時也稱為「客戶提示」。
User-Agent 字串
使用者代理程式字串是一種 HTTP 標頭，可讓伺服器和網路對等互連要求識別應用程式、作業系統、供應商或使用者代理程式版本的相關資訊。使用者代理程式字串會播送大量資料，這會對使用者隱私造成問題。我們提議使用使用者代理程式縮減，移除機密資訊並減少被動數位指紋採集。
.well-known
.well-known 檔案可用於從標準化網址新增網站的重新導向。
舉例來說，當網站設定從 /.well-known/change-password 重新導向至網站變更密碼的頁面時，密碼管理工具可以讓使用者更輕鬆地更新密碼。
此外，在提出要求「之前」存取主機的政策或其他資訊會很實用。舉例來說，robots.txt 會指示網路檢索器要造訪哪些網頁，以及要略過哪些網頁。IETF RFC8615 概述瞭如何讓 /.well-known/ 子目錄中的標準位置存取全網站中繼資料。
如要查看 .well-known 的建議清單，請前往 iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml。
Worklet
A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.
Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.