Adds support for using Ruff as a formatter/linter, replacing black, isort, pylint, and pydocstyle. This change converts this repository to use it, but does not yet remove support for our old linters so that Analytics and Core can be switched over as is convenient.

Ruff has a ton of rules that can be enabled and disabled; I set it up to use the rules corresponding to pylint and pydocstyle, as well as some of its own rules, but this configuration will likely need to be adjusted as we move Analytics and Core over -- I didn't go through and disable all of the rules we were previously ignoring, on the theory that this is a good opportunity to re-evaluate our existing configuration, but many of those rules were ignored for a good reason.

opendp/tumult-analytics#109