eugenp · xaeldung · Oct 19, 2025 · Oct 17, 2025 · Oct 18, 2025 · Oct 18, 2025
diff --git a/persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-5/pom.xml b/persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-5/pom.xml
@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@
         <instancio.version>5.2.1</instancio.version>
         <spring-boot.version>3.4.1</spring-boot.version>
         <db2.version>12.1.0.0</db2.version>
+        <java.version>17</java.version>
+        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
+        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
     </properties>
 
 </project>
diff --git a/persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-5/puml/nested-transactions.puml b/persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-5/puml/nested-transactions.puml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+@startuml Nested Transactions in publishArticle_v2
+
+participant "Client" as C
+participant "Blog" as B
+participant "ArticleRepo" as AR
+participant "AuditService" as AS
+database "Database" as DB
+
+C -> B: publishArticle_v2()
+activate B
+note right of B: @Transactional
+B -> DB: Begin TX1
+activate DB #LightBlue
+
+    B -> AR: save()
+    activate AR
+    AR -> DB: INSERT article
+    AR --> B:
+    deactivate AR
+
+    B -> AS: saveAudit()
+    activate AS
+    note right of AS: @Transactional\n(REQUIRES_NEW)
+    AS -> DB: Begin TX2
+    activate DB #LightGreen
+
+    AS -> DB: INSERT audit
+
+    AS -> DB: Commit TX2
+    deactivate DB
+    AS --> B:
+    deactivate AS
+
+B -> DB: Commit / Rollback TX1
+deactivate DB
+B --> C:
+deactivate B
+
+note over DB
+  TX1: Article save
+  TX2: Audit save (independent, always commits)
+end note
+
+@enduml
diff --git a/persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-5/puml/sequential-transactions.puml b/persistence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-5/puml/sequential-transactions.puml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+@startuml Sequential Transactions in publishArticle_v3
+
+participant "Client" as C
+participant "Blog" as B
+participant "TransactionTemplate" as TT
+participant "ArticleRepo" as AR
+participant "AuditRepo" as AuR
+database "Database" as DB
+
+C -> B: publishArticle_v3()
+activate B
+
+B -> TT: execute()
+activate TT
+TT -> DB: Begin TX1
+activate DB #LightBlue
+
+TT -> AR: save()
+activate AR
+AR -> DB: INSERT article
+AR --> TT
+deactivate AR
+
+TT -> DB: Commit / Rollback TX1
+deactivate DB
+TT --> B
+deactivate TT
+
+
+B -> DB: Begin TX2
+activate DB #LightGreen
+
+B -> AuR: save()
+activate AuR
+AuR -> DB: INSERT audit (FAILURE)
+AuR --> B:
+deactivate AuR
+
+B -> DB: Commit TX2
+deactivate DB
+
+B --> C:
+deactivate B
+
+note over DB
+  TX1 completes (commit or rollback) BEFORE TX2 begins
+  TX2: Independent transaction for FAILURE audit
+end note
+
+@enduml
diff --git a/...odules/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/Application.java b/...odules/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/Application.java
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.baeldung.rollbackonly;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
+
+@SpringBootApplication
+@EnableJpaRepositories
+public class Application {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/...tence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/Blog.java b/...tence-modules/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/Blog.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package com.baeldung.rollbackonly;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;
+
+import com.baeldung.rollbackonly.article.Article;
+import com.baeldung.rollbackonly.article.ArticleRepo;
+import com.baeldung.rollbackonly.audit.Audit;
+import com.baeldung.rollbackonly.audit.AuditRepo;
+import com.baeldung.rollbackonly.audit.AuditService;
+
+@Component
+public class Blog {
+
+    private final ArticleRepo articleRepo;
+    private final AuditRepo auditRepo;
+    private final AuditService auditService;
+    private final TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;
+
+    Blog(ArticleRepo articleRepo, AuditRepo auditRepo, AuditService auditService, TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate) {
+        this.articleRepo = articleRepo;
+        this.auditRepo = auditRepo;
+        this.auditService = auditService;
+        this.transactionTemplate = transactionTemplate;
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    public Optional<Long> publishArticle(Article article) {
+        try {
+            article = articleRepo.save(article);
+            auditRepo.save(new Audit("SAVE_ARTICLE", "SUCCESS", "saved: " + article.getTitle()));
+            return Optional.of(article.getId());
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            String errMsg = "failed to save: %s, err: %s".formatted(article.getTitle(), e.getMessage());
+            auditRepo.save(new Audit("SAVE_ARTICLE", "FAILURE", errMsg));
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    public Optional<Long> publishArticle_v2(Article article) {
+        try {
+            article = articleRepo.save(article);
+            auditService.saveAudit("SAVE_ARTICLE", "SUCCESS", "saved: " + article.getTitle());
+            return Optional.of(article.getId());
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            auditService.saveAudit("SAVE_ARTICLE", "FAILURE", "failed to save: " + article.getTitle());
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Optional<Long> publishArticle_v3(final Article article) {
+        try {
+            Article savedArticle = transactionTemplate.execute(txStatus -> {
+                Article saved = articleRepo.save(article);
+                auditRepo.save(new Audit("SAVE_ARTICLE", "SUCCESS", "saved: " + article.getTitle()));
+                return saved;
+            });
+            return Optional.of(savedArticle.getId());
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            auditRepo.save(
+                new Audit("SAVE_ARTICLE", "FAILURE", "failed to save: " + article.getTitle()));
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/...es/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/article/Article.java b/...es/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/article/Article.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.baeldung.rollbackonly.article;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+
+import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
+
+@Data
+@Entity
+@NoArgsConstructor
+public class Article {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE)
+    private Long id;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    private String title;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    private String author;
+
+    public Article(String title, String author) {
+        this.title = title;
+        this.author = author;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/...pring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/article/ArticleRepo.java b/...pring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/article/ArticleRepo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.baeldung.rollbackonly.article;
+
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
+
+
+@Repository
+public interface ArticleRepo extends JpaRepository<Article, Long> {
+}
diff --git a/...odules/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/audit/Audit.java b/...odules/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/audit/Audit.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.baeldung.rollbackonly.audit;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+
+import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+
+@Data
+@NoArgsConstructor
+@Entity
+public class Audit {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE)
+    private Long id;
+
+    private String operation;
+
+    private String status;
+
+    private String description;
+
+    private LocalDateTime timestamp;
+
+    public Audit(String operation, String status, String description) {
+        this.operation = operation;
+        this.status = status;
+        this.description = description;
+        this.timestamp = LocalDateTime.now();
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/...es/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/audit/AuditRepo.java b/...es/spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/audit/AuditRepo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.baeldung.rollbackonly.audit;
+
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
+
+@Repository
+public interface AuditRepo extends JpaRepository<Audit, Long> {
+}
diff --git a/...spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/audit/AuditService.java b/...spring-boot-persistence-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/audit/AuditService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.rollbackonly.audit;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+
+@Component
+public class AuditService {
+
+    private final AuditRepo auditRepo;
+
+    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
+    public void saveAudit(String action, String status, String message) {
+        auditRepo.save(new Audit(action, status, message));
+    }
+
+    public AuditService(AuditRepo auditRepo) {
+        this.auditRepo = auditRepo;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/...pring-boot-persistence-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/BlogIntegrationTest.java b/...pring-boot-persistence-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/rollbackonly/BlogIntegrationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.baeldung.rollbackonly;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.transaction.UnexpectedRollbackException;
+
+import com.baeldung.rollbackonly.article.Article;
+import com.baeldung.rollbackonly.article.ArticleRepo;
+import com.baeldung.rollbackonly.audit.AuditRepo;
+
+@SpringBootTest(classes = { Application.class })
+class BlogIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private Blog articleService;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private ArticleRepo articleRepo;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private AuditRepo auditRepo;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void afterEach() {
+        articleRepo.deleteAll();
+        auditRepo.deleteAll();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenPublishingAnArticle_thenAlsoSaveSuccessAudit() {
+        articleService.publishArticle(new Article("Test Article", "John Doe"));
+
+        assertThat(articleRepo.findAll())
+            .extracting("title")
+            .containsExactly("Test Article");
+
+        assertThat(auditRepo.findAll())
+            .extracting("description")
+            .containsExactly("saved: Test Article");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenPublishingAnInvalidArticle_thenThrowsUnexpectedRollbackException() {
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> articleService.publishArticle(
+                new Article("Test Article", null)))
+            .isInstanceOf(UnexpectedRollbackException.class)
+            .hasMessageContaining("marked as rollback-only");
+
+        assertThat(auditRepo.findAll())
+            .isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenPublishingAnInvalidArticle_thenSavesFailureToAudit() {
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> articleService.publishArticle_v2(
+                new Article("Test Article", null)))
+            .isInstanceOf(Exception.class);
+
+        assertThat(auditRepo.findAll())
+            .extracting("description")
+            .containsExactly("failed to save: Test Article");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenPublishingAnInvalidArticle_thenRecoverFromError_andSavesFailureToAudit() {
+        Optional<Long> id = articleService.publishArticle_v3(
+            new Article("Test Article", null));
+
+        assertThat(id)
+            .isEmpty();
+
+        assertThat(auditRepo.findAll())
+            .extracting("description")
+            .containsExactly("failed to save: Test Article");
+    }
+}