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BAEL-5763: Fix the HibernateException: Illegal attempt to associate a collection with two open sessions #18698

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BAEL-5763: Fix the HibernateException: Illegal attempt to associate a collection with two open sessions #18698

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45 changes: 45 additions & 0 deletions ...ibernate-exceptions-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/hibernateexception/Author.java
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package com.baeldung.hibernate.hibernateexception;

import java.util.List;

import jakarta.persistence.CascadeType;
import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;
import jakarta.persistence.OneToMany;

@Entity
public class Author {

@Id
private Long id;

private String name;

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "author", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private List<Book> books;

public Long getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public List<Book> getBooks() {
return books;
}

public void setBooks(List<Book> books) {
this.books = books;
}

}
42 changes: 42 additions & 0 deletions .../hibernate-exceptions-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/hibernateexception/Book.java
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package com.baeldung.hibernate.hibernateexception;

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;
import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;

@Entity
public class Book {

@Id
private Long id;

private String title;

@ManyToOne
private Author author;

public Long getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getTitle() {
return title;
}

public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}

public Author getAuthor() {
return author;
}

public void setAuthor(Author author) {
this.author = author;
}

}
39 changes: 39 additions & 0 deletions ...e-exceptions-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/hibernateexception/HibernateUtil.java
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package com.baeldung.hibernate.hibernateexception;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class HibernateUtil {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;

public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
if (sessionFactory == null) {
Map<String, Object> settings = new HashMap<>();
settings.put("hibernate.connection.driver_class", "org.h2.Driver");
settings.put("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:h2:mem:test");
settings.put("hibernate.connection.username", "sa");
settings.put("hibernate.connection.password", "");
settings.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect");
settings.put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
settings.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create-drop");

ServiceRegistry standardRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(settings)
.build();

Metadata metadata = new MetadataSources(standardRegistry).addAnnotatedClasses(Author.class, Book.class)
.getMetadataBuilder()
.build();

sessionFactory = metadata.getSessionFactoryBuilder()
.build();
}

return sessionFactory;
}
}
100 changes: 100 additions & 0 deletions ...2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hibernate/hibernateexception/HibernateExceptionUnitTest.java
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package com.baeldung.hibernate.hibernateexception;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

class HibernateExceptionUnitTest {

@Test
void whenUsingOneHibernateSession_thenCorrect() {
try (Session session1 = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory()
.openSession()) {
session1.beginTransaction();

Author author = new Author();
author.setId(2L);
author.setName("Jane Austen");
author.setBooks(new ArrayList<Book>());
session1.persist(author);

Author persistedAuthor = session1.get(Author.class, 2L);

Book newBook = new Book();
newBook.setId(1L);
newBook.setTitle("Pride and Prejudice");
persistedAuthor.getBooks()
.add(newBook);
session1.update(persistedAuthor);

session1.getTransaction()
.commit();
}
}

@Test
void whenUsingMoreThanOneHibernateSessionWithMergeMethod_thenCorrect() {
try (Session session1 = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory()
.openSession();
Session session2 = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory()
.openSession()) {
session1.beginTransaction();

Author author = new Author();
author.setId(3L);
author.setName("Leo Tolstoy");
author.setBooks(new ArrayList<Book>());
session1.persist(author);
Author persistedAuthor = session1.get(Author.class, 3L);
session1.getTransaction()
.commit();

session2.beginTransaction();
Book newBook = new Book();
newBook.setId(1L);
newBook.setTitle("War and Peace");
persistedAuthor.getBooks()
.add(newBook);
session2.merge(persistedAuthor);
session2.getTransaction()
.commit();
}
}

@Test
void whenUsingMoreThanOneHibernateSession_thenThrowHibernateException() {
assertThatThrownBy(() -> {
try (Session session1 = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory()
.openSession();
Session session2 = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory()
.openSession()) {
session1.beginTransaction();

Author author = new Author();
author.setId(1L);
author.setName("Leo Tolstoy");
author.setBooks(new ArrayList<Book>());
session1.persist(author);
Author persistedAuthor = session1.get(Author.class, 1L);
session1.getTransaction()
.commit();

session2.beginTransaction();
Book newBook = new Book();
newBook.setId(1L);
newBook.setTitle("War and Peace");
persistedAuthor.getBooks()
.add(newBook);
session2.update(persistedAuthor);
session2.getTransaction()
.commit();
}
}).isInstanceOf(HibernateException.class)
.hasMessageContaining("Illegal attempt to associate a collection with two open sessions");
}

}