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Directed searches for gravitational waves from ultralight vector boson clouds around merger remnant and galactic black holes during the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run
Authors:
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration,
the Virgo Collaboration,
the KAGRA Collaboration,
A. G. Abac,
I. Abouelfettouh,
F. Acernese,
K. Ackley,
C. Adamcewicz,
S. Adhicary,
D. Adhikari,
N. Adhikari,
R. X. Adhikari,
V. K. Adkins,
S. Afroz,
A. Agapito,
D. Agarwal,
M. Agathos,
N. Aggarwal,
S. Aggarwal,
O. D. Aguiar,
I. -L. Ahrend,
L. Aiello,
A. Ain,
P. Ajith,
T. Akutsu
, et al. (1747 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present the first directed searches for long-transient and continuous gravitational waves from ultralight vector boson clouds around known black holes (BHs). We use LIGO data from the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run. The searches target two distinct types of BHs and use two new semicoherent methods: hidden Markov model (HMM) tracking for the remnant BHs of the mergers GW…
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We present the first directed searches for long-transient and continuous gravitational waves from ultralight vector boson clouds around known black holes (BHs). We use LIGO data from the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run. The searches target two distinct types of BHs and use two new semicoherent methods: hidden Markov model (HMM) tracking for the remnant BHs of the mergers GW230814_230901 and GW231123_135430 (referred to as GW230814 and GW231123 in this study), and a dedicated method using the Band Sampled Data (BSD) framework for the galactic BH in the Cygnus X-1 binary system. Without finding evidence of a signal from vector bosons in the data, we estimate the mass range that can be constrained. For the HMM searches targeting the remnants from GW231123 and GW230814, we disfavor vector boson masses in the ranges $[0.94, 1.08]$ and $[2.75, 3.28] \times 10^{-13}$ eV, respectively, at 30% confidence, assuming a 1% false alarm probability. Although these searches are only marginally sensitive to signals from merger remnants at relatively large distances, future observations are expected to yield more stringent constraints with high confidence. For the BSD search targeting the BH in Cygnus X-1, we exclude vector boson masses in the range $[0.85, 1.59] \times 10^{-13}$ eV at 95% confidence, assuming an initial BH spin larger than 0.5.
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Submitted 14 September, 2025; v1 submitted 8 September, 2025;
originally announced September 2025.
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Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run
Authors:
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration,
the Virgo Collaboration,
the KAGRA Collaboration,
A. G. Abac,
R. Abbott,
H. Abe,
I. Abouelfettouh,
F. Acernese,
K. Ackley,
C. Adamcewicz,
S. Adhicary,
N. Adhikari,
R. X. Adhikari,
V. K. Adkins,
V. B. Adya,
C. Affeldt,
D. Agarwal,
M. Agathos,
O. D. Aguiar,
I. Aguilar,
L. Aiello,
A. Ain,
P. Ajith,
T. Akutsu,
S. Albanesi
, et al. (1778 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we prese…
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Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM.
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Submitted 5 March, 2024;
originally announced March 2024.
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Snowmass Cosmic Frontier Report
Authors:
Aaron S. Chou,
Marcelle Soares-Santos,
Tim M. P. Tait,
Rana X. Adhikari,
Luis A. Anchordoqui,
James Annis,
Clarence L. Chang,
Jodi Cooley,
Alex Drlica-Wagner,
Ke Fang,
Brenna Flaugher,
Joerg Jaeckel,
W. Hugh Lippincott,
Vivian Miranda,
Laura Newburgh,
Jeffrey A. Newman,
Chanda Prescod-Weinstein,
Gray Rybka,
B. S. Sathyaprakash,
David J. Schlegel,
Deirdre M. Shoemaker Tracy R. Slatyer,
Anze Slosar,
Kirsten Tollefson,
Lindley Winslow,
Hai-Bo Yu
, et al. (6 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This report summarizes the current status of Cosmic Frontier physics and the broad and exciting future prospects identified for the Cosmic Frontier as part of the 2021 Snowmass Process.
This report summarizes the current status of Cosmic Frontier physics and the broad and exciting future prospects identified for the Cosmic Frontier as part of the 2021 Snowmass Process.
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Submitted 17 November, 2022;
originally announced November 2022.
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Report of the Topical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics for for Snowmass 2021
Authors:
Rana X. Adhikari,
Luis A. Anchordoqui,
Ke Fang,
B. S. Sathyaprakash,
Kirsten Tollefson,
Tiffany R. Lewis,
Kristi Engel,
Amin Aboubrahim,
Ozgur Akarsu,
Yashar Akrami,
Roberto Aloisio,
Rafael Alves Batista,
Mario Ballardini,
Stefan W. Ballmer,
Ellen Bechtol,
David Benisty,
Emanuele Berti,
Simon Birrer,
Alexander Bonilla,
Richard Brito,
Mauricio Bustamante,
Robert Caldwell,
Vitor Cardoso,
Sukanya Chakrabarti,
Thomas Y. Chen
, et al. (96 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics take two primary forms: Very high energy particles (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays) and gravitational waves. Already today, these probes give access to fundamental physics not available by any other means, helping elucidate the underlying theory that completes the Standard Model. The last decade has witnessed a revolution of exciting discoveries such as…
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Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics take two primary forms: Very high energy particles (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays) and gravitational waves. Already today, these probes give access to fundamental physics not available by any other means, helping elucidate the underlying theory that completes the Standard Model. The last decade has witnessed a revolution of exciting discoveries such as the detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves. The scope for major developments in the next decades is dramatic, as we detail in this report.
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Submitted 23 September, 2022;
originally announced September 2022.
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Constraints on dark photon dark matter using data from LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run
Authors:
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration,
the Virgo Collaboration,
the KAGRA Collaboration,
R. Abbott,
T. D. Abbott,
F. Acernese,
K. Ackley,
C. Adams,
N. Adhikari,
R. X. Adhikari,
V. B. Adya,
C. Affeldt,
D. Agarwal,
M. Agathos,
K. Agatsuma,
N. Aggarwal,
O. D. Aguiar,
L. Aiello,
A. Ain,
P. Ajith,
T. Akutsu,
S. Albanesi,
A. Allocca,
P. A. Altin,
A. Amato
, et al. (1605 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present a search for dark photon dark matter that could couple to gravitational-wave interferometers using data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run. To perform this analysis, we use two methods, one based on cross-correlation of the strain channels in the two nearly aligned LIGO detectors, and one that looks for excess power in the strain channels of the LIGO and Virgo detectors.…
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We present a search for dark photon dark matter that could couple to gravitational-wave interferometers using data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run. To perform this analysis, we use two methods, one based on cross-correlation of the strain channels in the two nearly aligned LIGO detectors, and one that looks for excess power in the strain channels of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. The excess power method optimizes the Fourier Transform coherence time as a function of frequency, to account for the expected signal width due to Doppler modulations. We do not find any evidence of dark photon dark matter with a mass between $m_{\rm A} \sim 10^{-14}-10^{-11}$ eV/$c^2$, which corresponds to frequencies between 10-2000 Hz, and therefore provide upper limits on the square of the minimum coupling of dark photons to baryons, i.e. $U(1)_{\rm B}$ dark matter. For the cross-correlation method, the best median constraint on the squared coupling is $\sim2.65\times10^{-46}$ at $m_{\rm A}\sim4.31\times10^{-13}$ eV/$c^2$; for the other analysis, the best constraint is $\sim 2.4\times 10^{-47}$ at $m_{\rm A}\sim 5.7\times 10^{-13}$ eV/$c^2$. These limits improve upon those obtained in direct dark matter detection experiments by a factor of $\sim100$ for $m_{\rm A}\sim [2-4]\times 10^{-13}$ eV/$c^2$, and are, in absolute terms, the most stringent constraint so far in a large mass range $m_A\sim$ $2\times 10^{-13}-8\times 10^{-12}$ eV/$c^2$.
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Submitted 6 May, 2024; v1 submitted 27 May, 2021;
originally announced May 2021.
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Laser Interferometers as Dark Matter Detectors
Authors:
Evan D. Hall,
Thomas Callister Valery V. Frolov,
Holger Müller,
Maxim Pospelov,
Rana X Adhikari
Abstract:
While global cosmological and local galactic abundance of dark matter is well established, its identity, physical size and composition remain a mystery. In this paper, we analyze an important question of dark matter detectability through its gravitational interaction, using current and next generation gravitational-wave observatories to look for macroscopic (kilogram-scale or larger) objects. Keep…
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While global cosmological and local galactic abundance of dark matter is well established, its identity, physical size and composition remain a mystery. In this paper, we analyze an important question of dark matter detectability through its gravitational interaction, using current and next generation gravitational-wave observatories to look for macroscopic (kilogram-scale or larger) objects. Keeping the size of the dark matter objects to be smaller than the physical dimensions of the detectors, and keeping their mass as free parameters, we derive the expected event rates. For favorable choice of mass, we find that dark matter interactions could be detected in space-based detectors such as LISA at a rate of one per ten years. We then assume the existence of an additional Yukawa force between dark matter and regular matter. By choosing the range of the force to be comparable to the size of the detectors, we derive the levels of sensitivity to such a new force, which exceeds the sensitivity of other probes in a wide range of parameters. For sufficiently large Yukawa coupling strength, the rate of dark matter events can then exceed 10 per year for both ground- and space-based detectors. Thus, gravitational-wave observatories can make an important contribution to a global effort of searching for non-gravitational interactions of dark matter.
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Submitted 3 May, 2016;
originally announced May 2016.