High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
[Submitted on 12 Sep 2024 (v1), last revised 23 Jul 2025 (this version, v3)]
Title:Optimal collision-energy range for realizing macroscopic high-baryon-density matter
View PDF HTML (experimental)Abstract:We investigate the volume and lifetime of the high baryon-density matter created in heavy-ion collisions and estimate the optimal collision-energy range to realize the high baryon-density region over a large spacetime volume. We simulate central collisions of gold ions for the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4 - 19.6\;{\rm GeV}$ with a microscopic transport model JAM. We discover that the optimal range is around $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3 - 5\;{\rm GeV}$, where a baryon density exceeding three times the normal nuclear density is realized with a substantially large spacetime volume. Higher and lower energies are disfavored due to short lifetime and low density, respectively. We also point out that event-by-event fluctuations of the spacetime density profile are large, indicating the importance of the event selection in the experimental analysis.
Submission history
From: Hidetoshi Taya [view email][v1] Thu, 12 Sep 2024 01:23:18 UTC (547 KB)
[v2] Fri, 18 Jul 2025 13:35:24 UTC (7,590 KB)
[v3] Wed, 23 Jul 2025 10:58:20 UTC (7,590 KB)
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