WO2008116392A1

WO2008116392A1 - An intercooled constant-pressure heat-absorbing heat engine

Info

Publication number: WO2008116392A1
Application number: PCT/CN2008/000602
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peizhou Han
Original assignee: Peizhou Han
Priority date: 2007-03-26
Filing date: 2008-03-26
Publication date: 2008-10-02
Also published as: CN101021187A

Abstract

An intercooled constant-pressure heat-absorbing heat engine comprises a main cylinder (38), an intercooler (112), an auxiliary cylinder (1) and a heater (126), the power piston (86) of the main cylinder (38) is connected with the crankshaft (95) via the link (93), the auxiliary cylinder (1) is divided into a big auxiliary cylinder (2) in the upper and a small auxiliary cylinder (10) in the lower by the distributing piston (18) of the auxiliary cylinder (1) via the piston link (17), the piston link (17) occupies part of the volume of the small auxiliary cylinder (10), wherein the heater (126) is located in the high-temperature gas-dischargingpipe (132) connected to the external heat resource or located in the focused solar heating device. The intercooled constant-pressure heat-absorbing heat engine can enhance the heat-utilizing efficiency.

Description

Intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine

The invention relates to a hot air machine, in particular to a medium-cooling isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine. Background technique

In the invention patent specification given in the application numbers "200610081 18.7" "20061008447X" "2006100869224" and "200610083243. 1", although the series of medium-cooled regenerative internal combustion engines have different structural types, wherein a combustion furnace is used The medium-cooled regenerative internal combustion engine can also use solid fuel in the internal combustion mode, but it is not easy to use solid fuel in the internal combustion mode. It requires a special pumping device for conveying solid fuel into the high-pressure combustion furnace, and at the same time, in the gas. The ash will also cause wear on the cylinder piston. Further, in order to recover heat in a high-temperature gas generated by other high-temperature heat sources of a factory enterprise, or to generate heat energy by using a solar heat collecting device, the above-described various types of intercooled regenerative internal combustion engines are not structurally suitable.

For the already existing Stirling hot air machine, although the hot air machine does not have a control valve in the circulation system, the working fluid in the circulation is reciprocating to return to the heater, and the working fluid is flowing back to the heater. The temperature of the mass is already high, so that the heat of the external heat source is no longer absorbed, and the exhaust temperature of the external heat source is increased, so that the heat utilization efficiency of the fuel is lowered. Similarly, the reciprocating flow of such a working medium in the heater does not constitute a particularly advantageous countercurrent heat exchange process in a conventional heat exchanger, which also affects the further improvement of the efficiency of the Stirling heat engine. Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine which is more suitable for working with an external heat source, based on the above various types of medium-cooled regenerative internal combustion engines, which can not only absorb efficiently. The heat generated by the external heat source can be utilized, and a variety of different structural types can be further developed to better adapt to the needs of different places.

In order to achieve the above object, the medium-cooling isostatic heat-absorbing heat engine of the present invention comprises a main cylinder equipped with a working inlet and a sub-cylinder arranged beside the main cylinder, and the power piston in the main cylinder passes through the connecting rod and the crankshaft. Connected, the gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder divides the secondary cylinder into a large auxiliary cylinder on the upper side and a small auxiliary cylinder on the lower side occupied by the piston rod through the piston rod passing through the bottom cylinder head, and the auxiliary cylinder in the secondary cylinder The gas piston is connected to the outer crosshead via the piston rod, and then corresponding The transmission mechanism is connected to the crankshaft transmission, and the valve of the gas distribution is delayed by a certain angle to reach the top dead center; the large auxiliary cylinder of the auxiliary cylinder is connected to the main cylinder through the working intake valve, and the main auxiliary cylinder is further provided with The air valve, the small auxiliary cylinder through the lower side of the cold vent under the control of the control valve is connected with the ventilation outlet and the ventilation inlet, the small auxiliary cylinder of the ventilation outlet through the connecting line and heating The end of the heater is connected, and the outlet end of the heater is connected to the large auxiliary cylinder through the insulated pipeline and the intake valve, and the ventilation inlet of the small auxiliary cylinder is connected to the outlet end of the intercooler via the connecting pipeline, and the heater is placed

, in a high-temperature exhaust or drain line connected to an external heat source, or placed in a focused solar heating device; a controllable air outlet check valve is provided on the cylinder head of the main cylinder, the main cylinder passes through the After the check valve is connected to the intake end of the intercooler through the air outlet pipe; the air outlet one-way valve is installed in the hole of the lifting jack by the valve stem on the back side thereof, and the lifting jack is mounted on the sliding hole of the cylinder head Medium, and sealed by the sealing ring and the inner wall of the sliding hole, and a retaining seat is arranged on the upper part of the lifting ram, and a spring for allowing the lifting ejector to leave the air outlet check valve is arranged between the blocking seat and the cylinder head; The limit elastic top member of the cam passing through the sliding sleeve disposed on the cylinder head is pressed against the retaining seat of the lifting ejector, and the limiting elastic top member comprises a pull tab and a sleeve provided with a race and a stop at both ends The retaining head blocks the retaining ring of 5, and a large elastic spring is arranged between the seat cymbal and the retaining ring, and the limiting elastic top member is pressed against the retaining seat of the lifting ram by the lower retaining ring; The stop head can extend into the recess with a corresponding depth on the block; during the work of the master cylinder, the convex Travel limitation by the elastic force of the top member and the lifting jack control the outlet check valve is closed, and the top of the lift

The rod is pressed on the outlet check valve; when the main cylinder is to be exhausted, the cam rotates over the limit 0 elastic top piece, and the spring causes the lifting rod to leave the outlet check valve; respectively, at the bottom dead center position of the main cylinder There is a scavenging port and an exhaust port, and the scavenging port is connected to the air outlet end of the scavenging pump through the scavenging air line. When the power piston reaches the top dead center, the skirt on the lower side can block the scavenging port and the exhaust port provided; When the external heat source uses a combustion furnace capable of using solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, the air-cooling air outlet of the air cooling jacket provided on the periphery of the intercooler is led to the air supply port of the combustion furnace through the ventilation duct.

According to the structure of the hot air machine in which the large auxiliary cylinder is connected to the main cylinder through the working intake valve, the main cylinder can also be arranged in a side-by-side manner, and the power pistons in each main cylinder pass the beams mounted on the respective piston pins. Connected, the left and right crankshafts are held in reverse synchronous rotation by the synchromesh gears meshing with each other; the sub-cylinders having the large auxiliary cylinders and the small secondary cylinders are disposed at an upper position between the two master cylinders, in the secondary cylinders The gas distribution piston is driven by the auxiliary crankshaft disposed at the upper position, and the large auxiliary cylinder is arranged to communicate with the main cylinders on both sides via the left and right working inlet valves, and the intake valves on the large auxiliary cylinders are provided. Convex between the two master cylinders Wheel control; a control valve for controlling the small sub-cylinder cold vent is disposed between the in-line sub-cylinders and is driven by a small crankshaft connected to the driven gear, and the driven gear meshes with a drive gear on the side camshaft.

When the above two kinds of hot air machines are used for heating by the combustion furnace, the exhaust port provided on the main cylinder is led to the air supply port of the combustion furnace through the exhaust pipe; or the outlet end of the exhaust pipe is taken as air. The spout extends into the ejector cavity formed by the venting line.

The second type of intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine of the present invention adopts a structural arrangement in which a large auxiliary cylinder is connected to the main cylinder via an insulated gas collecting pipe, and includes a main cylinder equipped with a working intake valve and a sub-cylinder arranged separately, a power piston is arranged in the main cylinder, a valve piston is arranged in the sub-cylinder, and a piston rod of the valve piston protrudes outward through the cylinder head on the lower side, and the sub-cylinder is divided into a large-cylinder cylinder And a small auxiliary cylinder that is occupied by a part of the piston rod, and an intake valve and an exhaust valve are respectively arranged on the cylinder head of the large auxiliary cylinder, and the small auxiliary cylinder passes the cold vent of the lower side under the control of the set control valve The gas exchange inlet of the small auxiliary cylinder is connected with the gas outlet of the intermediate cooler through a communication pipe, and the gas outlet is connected to the inlet end of the heater through the connecting pipe, the heater is connected. The outlet end is connected to the large auxiliary cylinder through the insulated pipeline and the intake valve, and the heater is placed in a high-temperature exhaust or drain line connected to an external heat source, or placed in a focused solar heating device; Cylinder through gas outlet, insulated gas collection pipe and work intake valve Cylinder communication; controllable outlet check valve provided in the cylinder head of the master cylinder, the master cylinder through a

And the sealing ring and the inner wall of the sliding hole are sealed, and a block is arranged on the upper part of the lifting top, and a spring for allowing the lifting rod to leave the air outlet check valve is arranged between the blocking seat and the cylinder head; The limit elastic top member in the sliding sleeve disposed on the cylinder head is pressed against the lifting ram, and the limiting elastic top member includes a tie rod and a sleeve with a race and a stop at both ends, and the sleeve is blocked by the stopper The damper is provided with a large elastic spring between the seat ring and the retaining ring, and the limit elastic top member is pressed against the retaining seat of the lifting ram by the lower damper, and the stop head exposed on the lower side of the retaining ring can extend The retaining seat has a corresponding depth of the pit; during the main cylinder performing the work, the cam controls the outlet check valve to be closed by the limit elastic top member and the lifting ejector, and the lifting jack is pressed on the outlet check valve; When the main cylinder is to be exhausted, the cam rotates over the limit spring top member, and the spring moves the lift rod away from the outlet check valve; when the external heat source uses a burner that can use solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, the intercooler periphery The air cooling jacket of the air cooling jacket is provided through the ventilation duct The supply port burner. According to the second type of heat engine structure of the present invention, the secondary cylinder can be disposed at the upper portion of the master cylinder, and the gas distribution piston of the secondary cylinder is directly connected to the top of the power piston in the master cylinder via the piston rod passing through the cylinder head, The small auxiliary cylinder of the cylinder shares a cylinder head with the master cylinder, and the power piston in the master cylinder is connected to the lower crankshaft via a connecting rod.

According to the second type of the heat engine structure of the present invention, the auxiliary cylinder may be disposed at the upper portion of the master cylinder, and the valve piston in the secondary cylinder is directly connected to the top of the power piston in the master cylinder via the piston rod passing through the cylinder head. The small sub-cylinder of the sub-cylinder shares a cylinder head with the main cylinder; the power piston in the main cylinder is made into a double-acting structure, so that the lower and lower cylinder heads form a lower main cylinder, and the power piston passes through the lower cylinder head. The piston rod, the external crosshead and the connecting rod are connected with the crankshaft in the crankcase; the lower cylinder head of the lower main cylinder is respectively provided with a lower working intake valve and a lower exhaust check valve, and the lower main cylinder is operated by the lower one. The gas valve is also in communication with the insulated gas collecting pipe provided, and is also connected to the gas outlet pipe leading to the intermediate cooler via the lower gas outlet check valve.

According to the second type of heat engine structure of the present invention, when the power is made more, the main cylinder can be arranged in a side-by-side manner with the left and right cylinders, and the power piston in each of the main cylinders is made into a double-acting structure, so that The lower side and the lower cylinder head form a lower main cylinder, and each side of the power piston is connected to a crankshaft in the crankcase through a power piston rod, a crosshead and a connecting rod passing through the lower cylinder head, and the two crankshafts pass through the synchronous gear meshed thereon Maintaining the reverse synchronous rotation, the crossheads on both sides are connected by the beams mounted on the respective connecting pins; the secondary cylinders having the large auxiliary cylinders and the small secondary cylinders are located in the upper position between the two main cylinders, in the secondary cylinders The gas distribution piston is connected to the middle of the beam between the two crossheads through an elongated piston rod passing through the lower cylinder head; on each lower side, the lower cylinder head of the main cylinder is respectively provided with a lower working intake valve and a lower outlet gas The one-way valve, the lower main cylinder through the lower working intake valve is also connected with the insulated gas collecting pipe, and is also connected to the outlet pipe leading to the intercooler through the lower air outlet check valve.

In order to make the hot air machine in which the double main cylinders are arranged side by side, the main cylinder can be arranged in parallel with the left and right cylinders, and the power pistons in the main cylinders of each side are connected to the corresponding crankshafts through the respective connecting rods, and the two crankshafts pass through the same The upper meshing synchronizing gear maintains the reverse synchronous rotation, and the power pistons on both sides are connected by the cross beams mounted on the respective piston pins; the subcylinder having the large auxiliary cylinder and the small auxiliary cylinder is disposed at the upper position in the middle of the main cylinder The gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder is connected to the middle of the beam between the two power pistons via a piston rod passing through the lower cylinder head.

In the above two types of hot air machines using single-acting power pistons, a scavenging port and an exhaust port are respectively arranged at the bottom dead center position of the main cylinder, and the scavenging port is exhausted through the scavenging line and the scavenging pump. The end phase is connected. When the power piston reaches the top dead center, the skirt on the lower side can block the scavenging port and the exhaust port, so that the circulation circuit becomes a semi-closed circulation system.

The third medium-cold isostatic heat-absorbing heat engine of the present invention adopts a structure in which the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder are arranged annularly around the central axis, and includes a main cylinder 5 whose cylinder head is provided with a vent and is separately provided. The auxiliary cylinder, each main cylinder and the secondary cylinder are arranged around the central shaft ring type, and the vent of the main cylinder is controlled by the rotary valve at the end of the central shaft, and the rotary valve is provided with an intake valve port communicating with the vent. The cylinder is equipped with a power piston, and the power piston is connected to the swing disk or the crankshaft of the power conversion mechanism via a connecting rod; a gas distribution piston is arranged in the auxiliary cylinder, and the piston rod of the gas distribution piston extends outward through the cylinder head at the bottom, Forming a large auxiliary cylinder and a small 0 secondary cylinder occupied by the piston rod, and the small secondary cylinder of the secondary cylinder communicates with the ventilation inlet and the ventilation outlet respectively under the control of the set control valve through the cold ventilation port on the lower side, small The ventilation inlet of the auxiliary cylinder communicates with the outlet end of the intercooler via the communication line, and the ventilation outlet is connected to the intake end of the heater via the connecting pipeline, and the outlet end of the heater passes through the insulated pipeline and the corresponding control valve Connected to the big auxiliary cylinder, The sub-cylinders of the type arrangement are respectively arranged on the tops of the main cylinders of the respective ring-shaped arrangements, and the 5-gas pistons in the sub-cylinders are connected to the top of the power pistons in the main cylinder through the piston rods passing through the cylinder heads, and the heaters are placed In a high-temperature exhaust or drain line connected to an external heat source, or placed in a focused solar heating device; the primary and secondary cylinders are passed through a corresponding control valve and a heat-insulating manifold and a rotary valve at the end of the central shaft The intake valve port is connected, and the rotary valve port is further provided with an exhaust valve port communicating with the vent port of the main cylinder, and the valve port is connected to the exhaust pipe and the outlet pipe on the cylinder head and the intermediate cooling device The intake end is in communication; when the power piston in the main cylinder starts to work at the top dead center, the intake valve port on the rotary valve communicates the main cylinder with the insulated gas collecting pipe, and rotates a certain work

: Closed after corner; When the power piston leaves the bottom dead center and the gas in the main cylinder is compressed to the same pressure as the gas in the intercooler, the exhaust valve on the rotary valve connects the main cylinder to the intercooler The exhaust passage is connected and closed when the power piston is driven to the top dead center; the scavenging port and the exhaust port are respectively arranged at the bottom dead center position of the main 5 cylinder, and the scavenging port passes through the scavenging line and the outlet end of the scavenging pump When connected, when the power piston reaches the top dead center, the skirt on the lower side can block the scavenging port and the exhaust port; when the external heat source uses a burner that can use solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, the intercooler The heat-dissipating air outlet of the air cooling jacket provided on the periphery leads to the air supply port of the combustion furnace through the ventilation duct.

0 In the first cylinder of the hot air machine arranged in the cylinder, the large auxiliary cylinder communicates with the outlet end of the heater through the intake valve provided on the cylinder head, and also passes through the exhaust valve and the through-turn provided on the cylinder head. The insulated collector of the valve is connected. In the hot air machine in which the two cylinders are arranged in a ring shape, the large auxiliary cylinder is controlled by the external rotary valve provided on the cylinder head to realize communication with the heater or the heat insulating collecting pipe, and the external rotating valve The connecting sleeve is connected with the rotary valve on the inner central shaft, and the outer rotary valve has an inner end surface or an outer circumferential surface which can block the heat vent of the large auxiliary cylinder, and is provided with an air inlet which can communicate with the heat vent respectively. And the air outlet; the air inlet on the external rotation valve forms a semi-annular ventilation groove on the valve surface, the groove passes through the heat insulation channel in the external rotation valve and the heat insulation tube connected from the air outlet end of the heater The road phase is connected. During the movement of the valve piston in the large auxiliary cylinder from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, the air inlet that rotates with the valve communicates with the heat vent of the large auxiliary cylinder, and the gas distribution piston moves to the lower After the dead point, the air inlet turns to the superheat vent; the air outlet on the outer rotary valve directly communicates with the heat insulating gas collecting pipe provided in the rotary valve and the connecting bushing, and the gas distribution piston in the large pair moves from the bottom dead center During the upward stop, the gas pressure in the primary and secondary cylinders and the gas in the insulated gas collection pipe The same pressure, heat vent with the valve outlet and rotatably mate the cylinder to communicate with the gas line to the top dead center of the piston, the vent outlet transfer overheating. And a structure for rotating the cylinder, which comprises a main cylinder having a vent opening and a sub-cylinder provided therein, and each of the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder is arranged in a corresponding rotation around a central fixed collar type. On the cylinder body, a power piston is arranged in the main cylinder, and the power piston is connected to the swash plate or the fixed swash plate of the power conversion mechanism through a connecting rod or a piston rod, and a gas distribution piston and a piston of the gas distribution piston are arranged in the auxiliary cylinder. The rod protrudes outward through the bottom cylinder head to form a large auxiliary cylinder and a small auxiliary cylinder occupied by the piston rod. The gas distribution piston is connected to the outer swash plate or the fixed swash plate through the piston rod; when the main cylinder rotates The vent on the vent can communicate with the working inlet provided on the valve disc of the fixed outer casing. When the auxiliary cylinder rotates, the hot vent of the upper auxiliary cylinder can be respectively attached to the small valve disc of the fixed outer casing. The air inlet and the air outlet are connected, and the cold air vent of the small auxiliary cylinder can be respectively connected with the ventilation inlet and the ventilation outlet provided on the central fixed shaft, and the ventilation on the central fixed shaft corresponding to the small auxiliary cylinder Imported communication line The outlet end of the intercooler is connected, and the ventilation outlet is connected to the inlet end of the heater through the connecting pipeline, and the outlet end of the heater is connected to the inlet of the small valve disc through the insulated pipeline, and the heater is placed The external heat source is connected to the high-temperature exhaust or drain line, or placed in the concentrated solar heating device; the air outlet on the small valve disc that can communicate with the large auxiliary cylinder is insulated by the gas collecting pipe and the main The working inlet of the valve disc communicated with the cylinder is connected, and the valve disc is further provided with a compressed exhaust port which can communicate with the main cylinder vent, and the air inlet is connected to the intake end of the intermediate cooler through the outlet duct Connected; when the main cylinder rotates, the power piston in it starts to the top dead center During work, the vent of the main cylinder communicates with the working air inlet on the valve disc, and after a certain working angle, it passes through the working air inlet; when the power piston leaves the bottom dead center, the main cylinder is lifted up. When the gas in the compressor is compressed to the same pressure as the gas in the intercooler, the vent of the main cylinder communicates with the compressed exhaust port on the valve disc and closes after the power piston goes to the top dead center; it can be used in the external heat source. In the case of a solid, liquid and gaseous fuel burner, the cooling air outlet of the air cooling jacket provided on the periphery of the intercooler leads to the air supply port of the combustion furnace through the ventilation duct. At a position corresponding to the power piston at the bottom dead center on the valve disc, there is a scavenging port that can communicate with the main cylinder vent, the scavenging port is connected to the scavenging pump via the scavenging line; at the bottom dead center position of the main cylinder An exhaust port is provided, and the exhaust port communicates with an exhaust outlet of the valve disc at the same angular position as the scavenging port via a communication pipe at the periphery of the cylinder.

In the second cylinder rotating rotary heat engine of the present invention, the same number of the master cylinder and the secondary cylinder are arranged on the common rotary cylinder in the order of the master cylinder, the secondary cylinder, the master cylinder and the secondary cylinder, and the master cylinder The vents corresponding to the heat vents of the large auxiliary cylinders of the auxiliary cylinders are disposed at different radial positions of the common valve disc, and the cold vents of the small auxiliary cylinders are disposed on the cylinder wall of the fixed shaft side of the center. The cold vents are respectively connectable to the ventilation inlet and the ventilation outlet provided on the central fixed shaft.

In the cylinder rotating hot air machine, in order to overcome the large side pressure generated by the centrifugal force of the piston, the power piston in the main cylinder is connected to the corresponding ball seat on the swash plate via the ball head on the big end of the connecting rod, A balance arm extending outward and passing a certain distance of the ball seat is arranged on the connecting rod near the large end, and a balance block is arranged at the outer end of the balance arm; the gas distribution piston in the auxiliary cylinder passes through the connecting seat in the piston rod The small head of the rod is connected; the ball head on the big head side of the connecting rod is connected with the corresponding small ball seat on the swash plate, and the balance arm which protrudes outward and crosses the small ball seat at a position near the big end of the connecting rod A balance block is disposed at an outer end of the balance arm; a connection point between the power piston and the gas distribution piston and the small end of the respective connecting rod is substantially at a centrifugal force balance position of the piston.

In the third type of rotary cylinder heat engine, the main cylinder is disposed on one side of the fixed swash plate, wherein the power piston is connected to the crosshead via the power piston rod, and the crosshead is clamped by the two semicircular sliders thereon. The fixed swash plate is connected in the middle; the auxiliary cylinder is provided on the other side of the fixed swash plate, and the auxiliary cylinder is connected to the main cylinder through the intermediate casing, and the gas distribution piston in the auxiliary cylinder passes through the piston rod and the crosshead. Side connection; a bottom cover is provided at the bottom of the main cylinder for allowing the power piston rod to pass through, and a bottom space formed between the power piston and the cover cover in each main cylinder can be interconnected between the bottoms of the main cylinders Pipe connection. In the medium-cooling isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine of the present invention, the low-temperature compressed air discharged by the small auxiliary cylinder is heated by the external heat source after flowing through the heater, and enters into the large auxiliary cylinder whose volume is correspondingly increased. The volume of heated compressed air is expanded in the primary and secondary cylinders so that the pressure does not rise, allowing the endotherm to proceed under isostatic conditions. The expansion of the compressed air pushes the piston rod of the gas distribution piston to work externally, and also keeps the low temperature compressed air that has just entered the heater low temperature due to the pressure, so that the hot air flowing through the periphery of the heater has been lowered. It can still heat the low-temperature compressed air that has just entered the heater, thereby increasing the heat absorption capacity of the heater, allowing the temperature of the hot air flowing through the periphery of the heater to drop to a very low state, and efficiently utilizing the external heat source. Heat. Since the heat utilization efficiency of the heat engine of the present invention is high, such an external combustion mode working heat engine easily exceeds an ordinary internal combustion engine in which a large amount of exhaust gas and heat loss are present.

The heating system which can be used as an external heat source has various different configurations. In practice, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated in industrial production can be used as the heat source of the hot air machine of the present invention, or can be set to burn coal and biomass solid fuel. As an external heat source, the burner can also be used as an external heat source outside the focused solar heating device. Compared with the Stirling heat engine, the hot air machine of the present invention is not only highly efficient, but also because of the intermediate The cooler and heater are not classified as "unprofitable volume". Increasing the volume of these two components can not only reduce the flow resistance of the gas in the volume and increase the heat exchange area, but also does not reduce the working thermal efficiency of the hot air compressor. This feature is very conducive to the arrangement of the heater in different places, which increases the flexibility and convenience of the actual use of the hot air machine. In addition, the hot air machine of the present invention basically adopts an air semi-open cycle, and the expanded air will have a small portion of the exhaust cylinder when the power piston travels to the bottom dead center, and the fresh air from the outside will be charged from the air cleaning port. The main cylinder, this feature not only allows the scavenging pump to consume less power, but also allows the air in the circulation system to be maintained at a certain degree of cleanliness, correspondingly reducing the sealing requirements of the hot air machine of the present invention. In the Stirling heat engine using hydrogen as the working fluid, the sealing requirements are almost absolute. '

The hot air machine of the invention is developed on the basis of a series of cold regenerative internal combustion engines, although the total work heat of the hot air machine of the invention is introduced by the external combustion mode of the heater, which increases the volume of the heater, but Compared with a cold regenerative internal combustion engine, the compressor cylinder and the compressor piston therein are also omitted. The hot air machine of the invention not only has many different structural types, but also can work with various different solid fuels, and it will be used in agricultural power machinery and power generation. And applications such as ship power. Since the heat engine of the present invention has high thermal efficiency, after the high-power unit is manufactured, the steam power system constructed by the steam boiler and the steam turbine in the conventional power plant can be replaced in a wide range to eliminate the unavoidable in the power system. A large amount of heat loss from steam condensation. DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view showing the overall structural arrangement of an intermediate-cooling isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine in which a main cylinder and a large-cylinder are arranged in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing the structure of the body and the valve of the hot air machine shown in Fig. 1.

3 is a schematic diagram showing the working process of the intermediate-cooling isobaric heat-absorbing heat-heating machine in which the main cylinder and the large-cylinder are arranged in the present invention; FIG. 1 is a compression discharge process, 2 is an intermediate cooling process, and 3 isobaric heat absorption process, 4 Expansion work process.

Figure 4 is a general structural layout of an intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine with side-by-side dual-master cylinders and power pistons without side pressure according to the improved heat engine of Figure 1.

Fig. 5 is a view showing the overall configuration of an intermediate-cooled isobaric isothermal heat-absorbing heat engine in which the main cylinder and the main-cylinder are arranged separately according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view showing the structure of the body and the valve of the hot air machine shown in Fig. 5.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the working process of the intermediate-cooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat-heating machine in which the main cylinder and the large-cylinder are arranged separately according to the present invention; Figure 1 shows the compression discharge process, 2 the intermediate cooling process, and the 3 isobaric heat absorption process, 4 Expansion work process.

Fig. 8 is a view showing the overall configuration of a double-acting intercooled isostatic heat absorbing heat engine of the power piston of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a view showing the overall structure of an intercooled isobaric isothermal heat-absorbing heat engine which is a double-acting double-master cylinder and a power piston of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a view showing the overall structural arrangement of an intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat-heating machine in which the double main cylinder of the present invention and the power piston have no side pressure.

Fig. 1 is a general structural layout of the intercooled isostatic heat absorbing heat engine in which the main cylinder and the subcylinder are arranged in a ring shape in the present invention.

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of A-A of Figure 11 showing the arrangement of the valve ports of the rotary valve.

Fig. 13 is a view showing the overall configuration of another intermediate-cooling isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine in which the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder are arranged in a ring shape according to the improved heat engine of Fig. 11. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of AA of Figure 13 showing the arrangement of the valve ports of the rotary valve.

Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of B-B of Figure 13, showing the arrangement of the valve ports of the external rotary valve.

Fig. 16 is a view showing the overall structural arrangement of an intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat-heating machine in which the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder are arranged in a ring shape and the cylinder body is rotated in the present invention.

Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 16 showing the arrangement of the valve ports on the valve disc.

Figure 18 is a view showing the overall structural arrangement of a second cylinder rotary heat engine.

Figure 19 is a general structural layout of a third type of cylinder rotating heat engine. detailed description

In the intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine, it is divided into two different types of structures according to whether the main cylinder and the large-cylinder are arranged in close communication or in a manner in which the insulated manifold is separately arranged. Fig. 1 is a view showing the overall structural arrangement of an intercooled isobaric isothermal heat-absorbing heat engine in which the main cylinder and the large-cylinder are arranged in the present invention, and Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the body and valve structure of the hot air machine of Fig. 1. In the heat engine of this configuration, a sub-cylinder 1 is disposed beside the main cylinder 38 equipped with the work intake valve 36, and the power piston 86 in the main cylinder is connected to the crankshaft 95 via the link 93. The valve piston 18 in the sub-cylinder 1 divides the sub-cylinder into the upper main cylinder 2 and the lower sub-cylinder 10 which occupy a part of the volume by the piston rod via the piston rod 17 passing through the bottom cylinder head 11. The valve piston 18 in the secondary cylinder 1 is connected to the outer crosshead via the piston rod 17, and then connected to the crankshaft 95 via a corresponding transmission mechanism. The large auxiliary cylinder 2 is connected to the main cylinder 38 via the work intake valve 36. Since the valve piston 18 is delayed by a certain angle from the power piston 86 to the top dead center, the valve piston 18 is connected to the outer crosshead 19 via the piston rod 17 in Fig. 1, and then passes through the small link 20, the rocker arm. 21 and flail 22 are connected to the crankshaft 95. In this transmission arrangement, after the power piston 86 reaches the top dead center (see Fig. 2), the valve piston 18 is delayed by an angle of 50° - 80° to the top dead center, so that the main cylinder 2 is The working gas is pushed into the main cylinder 38 through the opened working intake valve 36, and the power piston 86 is pushed downward for work.

An intake valve 4 is disposed on the large auxiliary cylinder 2, and a cold vent 13 is disposed on the lower side of the small auxiliary cylinder 10. The small auxiliary cylinder can be respectively connected to the ventilation outlet 16 via the cold vent 13 under the control of the control valve 12. It is connected to the ventilation inlet 15. The gas outlet 16 of the small auxiliary cylinder is connected to the heater 126 via the connecting line 127 The intake end is connected, and the outlet end of the heater communicates with the large auxiliary cylinder 2 via the insulated pipe 129 and the intake valve 4 on the large auxiliary cylinder. A controllable air outlet check valve 45 is disposed on the cylinder head 59 of the main cylinder 38. The main cylinder passes through the air outlet line 1 13 and communicates with the intake end of the intercooler 1 12 through the check valve, the intercooler The outlet end of the outlet is connected to the ventilation inlet 15 of the small auxiliary cylinder 10 via the communication line 1 15"

In an intercooled isobaric heat-absorber, the heater is a heat exchanger that is heated by an external heat source, and the heater can be placed in a high-temperature exhaust (or drain) line that communicates with an external heat source. Inside, or placed in a focused solar heating device. In the present embodiment, the external heat source is a combustion furnace 134 that burns a solid fuel, and the heater 126 is installed in a high-temperature exhaust line 132 that communicates with the combustion furnace, and the heated air flows and burns in the heater. The high-temperature combustion gas discharged from the furnace 134 flows in the opposite direction to form a countercurrent heat exchange process which is favorable for heat exchange, so that the temperature of the gas flowing through the periphery of the heater is lowered to make the heat of the heater as completely as possible. Absorption, thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency of the heat of the hot gas engine of the present invention. In the specific implementation process, as long as a burner that can use solid, liquid and gaseous fuels is used as an external heat source, in order to utilize the heat emitted by the intercooler, as shown in Fig. 1, the intercooler 1 12 should be placed at the periphery of the intercooler. The heat-dissipating air outlet 122 of the air cooling jacket 121 is provided to the air supply port 137 of the combustion furnace 134 via the ventilation duct 123. After adjusting the heat supply of the combustion furnace, the heat engine of the present invention can be substantially prevented from generating a large heat loss.

The respective valve structures provided on the cylinder head 59 of the master cylinder 38 are as shown in Fig. 2. Here, the master cylinder shares a cylinder head with the master cylinder 2, and the heated air from the heater 126 is first introduced. The gas valve 4 enters the large auxiliary cylinder 2, and is compressed by the upstream gas distribution piston 18 to a certain extent before entering the main cylinder 38 via the controlled opening intake valve 36 on the cylinder head 59, and the push has been moved to The top end of the power piston 86 runs down to work as shown in the state of Figure 2. Before the power piston is moved to the top dead center, in order to prevent the gas in the large auxiliary cylinder whose pressure has risen from leaking into the main cylinder 38 through the work intake valve 36, the pressure on the working intake valve 36 and the cylinder head A spring 71 having a large spring force is provided between the covers 70. Similarly, in order to prevent the work gas entering the master cylinder from leaking outward along the air outlet check valve 45 on the cylinder head 59 during the expansion work, the air outlet check valve is now controlled, and is applied by the lift jack 47 above it. The pressure causes the outlet check valve 45 to be pressed against the gate 61 to prevent the pressure gas in the master cylinder from leaking outward.

The outlet check valve 45 is mounted in the bore of the lift jack 47 by the valve stem 46 on the rear side thereof, and the lift jack is mounted in the slide hole in the cylinder head 59 and is sealed by the seal ring and the inner wall of the slide bore. A retaining seat 48 is disposed at an upper portion of the lifting ram 47. A spring 52 is provided between the retaining seat and the cylinder head 59 to move the lifting ram away from the air outlet check valve 45, so that the power piston in the main cylinder is upward. When the point moves, the compressed air in the main cylinder is to be discharged, the lifting ejector 47 which is not pressed and controlled can be moved out of the air outlet check valve 45 by the action of the spring 52, so that the compressed air in the main cylinder can be easily pushed out of the air. The check valve flows outward, as shown in the state in Figure 1. If the influence on the air outlet efficiency is large due to the weight of the air outlet check valve 45, a corresponding lift spring may be added between the lift jack 47 and the valve stem 46 of the check valve. The closing of the outlet check valve 45 is controlled by a cam 65 mounted on the cylinder head 59. The cam 65 presses the stop 48 on the lifting jack 47 via the limit elastic top member 53 mounted in the sleeve 60 of the cylinder head. The outlet check valve is controlled to be closed. The limited-length elastic top member 53 is composed of a pull-stop 58 provided with a race 54 and a stop 55 at both ends and a retaining ring 56 which is blocked by the stop, and a large elastic force is disposed between the seat 54 and the stop 55. The spring 57, the limited-elastic top member 53 is pressed against the stop 48 of the lifting ram by the lower dam 56. The stop 55, which is exposed on the underside of the dam, can extend into a corresponding depth of the recess 49 provided in the stop 48. Thus, when the cam 65 acts on the air outlet check valve 45 via the large spring force spring 57 and the lift ram 47, the head 55 on the pull rod 58 can extend into the pocket 49 on the block. Since the large spring force 57 is provided, after the cam 65 closes the air outlet check valve 45, a large closing pressure is applied to the air outlet check valve via the large spring force (shown in the state of Fig. 2) to prevent the main The work gas in the cylinder leaks to the intercooler 1 12 . To reduce the increased wear of the large spring force 57 on the cam 65, the cam 65 acts on the limit spring top member via a pressure roller 64 disposed on the intermediate top block 63.

In the arrangement of the valves on the cylinder head shown in Fig. 2, the three different valves are controlled by three corresponding different cams on the cam shaft 66, and the cam 65 controls the outlet check valve 45 of the master cylinder, the cam 68 The working intake valve 36 is controlled via the rocker arm 69, and the cam 72 controls the intake valve 4 on the large auxiliary cylinder 2 via the upper rocker arm 73 and the ejector 74. The cold vent 13 of the small sub-cylinder 10 is controlled by a sliding control width 12 which is driven by a small crankshaft 80 via a small connecting rod 82.

In the operation of the hot air machine, the seal ring provided on the power piston, the work intake valve and the lift ejector shall prevent the pressure gas in the system from leaking out, and also prevent the lubricating oil from entering the circulation system. The structural requirements of the power piston are as shown in Fig. 2. The skirt of the power piston 86 is long. After the power piston is driven to the top dead center, the lower skirt can not only block the scavenging port 40 and the exhaust port 42, but also The oil ring 88 is also positioned below the scavenging port and the exhaust port to prevent splashing oil from entering the crankcase upward.

In the structural arrangement of the hot air machine of the present invention, a complete closed cycle mode can be adopted. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 1, the heat engine is operated in a semi-closed cycle by providing the scavenging port 40 and the exhaust port 42 at the bottom dead center position of the master cylinder. It is called a semi-closed cycle because after the power piston 86 moves to the bottom dead center while exposing the scavenging port 40 and the exhaust port 42, the scavenging pump 41 provides only a small amount of fresh air to enter from the scavenging port and allows the main cylinder to be Part of the gas after the expansion work is discharged outward from the exhaust port 42 so that the working fluid (air) in the circulation system can be kept at a certain degree of cleanliness, and the requirements for sealing of the hot air machine can be relatively reduced, and can also be correspondingly reduced. Cooling energy of the intercooler. At normal power, since the work gas discharged from the exhaust port still has a certain amount of heat, in order to enable this part of heat to be utilized, the exhaust port 42 provided on the main cylinder 38 can also be passed through the exhaust pipe. The path 125 leads to the air supply port 137 of the combustion furnace 134. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the lines from the air cooling jacket 121 and the main cylinder exhaust port 42 are arranged such that the outlet end of the exhaust line 125 extends into the vent line 123 as an air ejector spout 44. In the formed ejector chamber 124, the heat-dissipating air from the air cooling jacket 121 is driven into the combustion furnace 134 to participate in combustion by the air ejector. Of course, if the air supply is not used to achieve the required air supply, a corresponding air blowing device can be provided for the air cooling jacket. Since the temperature of the compressed air finally flowing through the intercooler greatly affects the amount of heat absorbed by the compressed air in the heater, in order to enhance the cooling effect of the intercooler, a water cooling jacket 1 17 is still provided after the air cooling jacket 121.

The main cylinder, the intercooler, the heater and the sizing cylinder constitute the thermodynamic cycle system of the hot air machine of the present invention, and the circulation process of the intercooled isostatic heat absorbing heat engine is as shown in FIG. 3, including compression discharge, intermediate cooling, Isobaric heat absorption and expansion work four working processes.

1 Compression discharge process The power piston 86 in the main cylinder 38 runs upward from the bottom dead center to compress the air in the main cylinder, so that the outlet check valve 45 is facilitated to be pushed away more easily, and the lifting jack 47 on the back is advanced. Leave the outlet check valve. When the air in the main cylinder is compressed to a higher pressure than the air pressure in the intercooler 12, the compressed air in the main cylinder pushes the outlet check valve 45 to the intercooler 1 12 in the direction of the arrow 1 14 as shown in the figure. The status of 31 is shown. After the power piston 86 is moved to the top dead center, the compression discharge process in the main cylinder ends, and the outlet check valve 45 is also closed by the downward moving lift rod 47.

2 Intercooling process The compressed air discharged from the main cylinder enters the intercooler and flows through the intercooler 1 12 in the direction of arrow 116. After the compressed heat is taken away by the outside cooling water, the air is turned into a low temperature. The low-pressure compressed air makes the compression and discharge process in the main cylinder close to the isothermal state, because the intermediate cooling reduces the pressure of the compressed air, and also makes the compressed air in the main cylinder easier to enter the intercooler, thereby reducing the power accordingly. The compression work of the piston also provides a large temperature difference for the isobaric endothermic process to be performed. The low-temperature compressed air flowing out of the intercooler is charged into the lower small-cylinder 10 in the upper side of the gas-discharging piston 18, and the intermediate cooling process is completed.

Here, the ratio of the main cylinder volume to the small sub-cylinder volume is the compression ratio of the hot air compressor of the present invention.

3 equal pressure endothermic process, the valve piston 18 moves up to the top dead center, and the lower side small cylinder 10 is filled with compressed air and then starts to descend. At this time, the intake valve 4 on the large auxiliary cylinder 2 is opened, so that the first officer The cylinder and the outlet end of the heater 126 are turned on, and the control valve 12 of the small sub-cylinder cuts off the communication between the small sub-cylinder and the intercooler, and is changed to be connected to the intake end of the heater 126, so that the bottom dead center Under the action of the moving gas distribution piston 18, the low temperature compressed air in the small auxiliary cylinder 10 flows into the heater 126 along the arrow 128, and is heated by the external high temperature heat source gas, and the heated air is opened in the direction of the arrow 130. The valve 4 is charged into the large auxiliary cylinder 2. Since the volume of the large auxiliary cylinder 2 is larger than that of the small auxiliary cylinder 10, the volume of compressed air heated by the heater is correspondingly expanded in the large auxiliary cylinder, and the heated air pressure does not rise, so that the heating process in the heater is Performed under isostatic conditions.

During the isobaric heat absorption process, the volume of the compressed compressed air is correspondingly expanded in the large auxiliary cylinder, and the piston rod 17 of the gas distribution piston is pushed downward in the direction of the arrow 139, and at the same time, because The isothermal heating also causes the temperature of the low temperature compressed air that has just entered the heater 126 to not rise, so that the high temperature heat source gas that has been lowered from the periphery of the heater can still heat the low temperature compressed air that has just entered the heater. The heat in the high-temperature heat source gas can be substantially exhausted by the heater, thereby improving the heat utilization efficiency of the heat engine of the present invention and also increasing the heat absorption capacity of the heater.

After the gas distribution piston 18 moves to the bottom dead center, the intake valve 4 on the large auxiliary cylinder 2 is closed, and the control valve 12 of the small auxiliary cylinder 10 also cuts off the communication between the small auxiliary cylinder and the heater, and the isostatic endothermic process ends, let The large auxiliary cylinder 2 is filled with hot compressed air that has absorbed a lot of heat.

4 Expansion work process In this process, the gas distribution piston 18 first compresses the hot compressed air in the large auxiliary cylinder 2 to further increase the temperature and pressure of the compressed air. When the compressed air is compressed to a certain extent, the power piston 86 in the main cylinder 38 also reaches the top dead center, the working intake valve 36 is opened, the 4 bar main cylinder communicates with the large auxiliary cylinder, and the small area gas distribution piston 18 The working compressed air in which the temperature and pressure in the large auxiliary cylinder 2 have been increased by further compression is pressed into the main cylinder 38 through the working intake valve 36, and the large-area power piston 86 is pushed to the bottom dead center to perform the movement. As shown in the expansion work process shown in Figure 4, the power of the piston is pressed via the connecting rod 93. The direction of arrow 140 pushes the crankshaft 95 to rotate outward to output power.

When the valve piston 18 is moved to the top dead center and the working compressed air in the master cylinder 2 is all pressed into the master cylinder 38, the work intake valve 36 is closed. The work gas that has entered the master cylinder continues to push the power piston 86 down. After the power piston moves to the bottom dead center, the expansion work ends, and then the power piston starts moving to the upper dead center again for the next work cycle.

The working process of the above-mentioned hot air machine of the present invention is described in the order of its thermal cycle. In actual operation, the upward movement of the power piston in the main cylinder is a compression discharge process, and the downward movement is a process of expansion work, the crankshaft There is a work process every revolution (the pressure of the gas-filled piston rod is negligible due to the small pressure), and the power piston is operated in two strokes. The gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder cooperates with the work process of the power piston in the master cylinder when the upward movement is performed, and the small auxiliary cylinder of the lower side is charged with the low temperature compressed air from the intercooler, and the gas distribution piston is operated downward. Let the heater complete the isobaric heat absorption process.

According to the overall structural arrangement of the hot air machine of the present invention given in Fig. 1, in practice, a single main cylinder hot air machine can be made, and in order to increase the power, an in-line multi-cylinder hot air machine can also be made. In addition, in order to make a larger power hot air machine and further improve the transmission efficiency of the piston and the crankshaft linkage mechanism, the type of construction given in the embodiment of Fig. 4 can also be employed. In the hot air machine of the present invention of Fig. 4, the main cylinders 38 are arranged side by side, and the power pistons 86 in each of the main cylinders are connected by beams 98 mounted on the respective piston pins 89, so that the two power pistons are simultaneously During the process of compression and expansion work up and down, all the side pressures received will be offset by the connected beams, thus reducing the frictional resistance during the operation of the power piston. The left and right crankshafts 95 are held in reverse synchronous rotation by the synchronizing gears 96 that mesh with each other. The parallel arrangement of the two crankshafts also allows the balancer on the crankshaft to completely balance the vibration force generated by the components such as the power piston in the up and down operation. .

In order to cope with the juxtaposed arrangement of the master cylinders, the sub-cylinders 1 having the major and second master cylinders 2 and 10 are placed upside down between the two master cylinders 38, and the valve pistons 18 in the secondary cylinders are disposed at the upper position. The auxiliary crankshaft 23 is driven, and the large auxiliary cylinders 2 disposed toward the master cylinder are respectively communicated with the master cylinders 38 on both sides via the two working intake valves 36 on the left and right sides, and the intake valves 4 on the master cylinders are disposed in the two master cylinders. Control between the cams 72. The two power pistons 86 in the state shown in Fig. 4 have reached the top dead center position, the work intake valves 36 on the two master cylinders 38 are also driven by the rocker arms 69, and the gas distribution pistons 18 have already been used as the master cylinders. The hot work gas in 2 is compressed to a certain extent to start the expansion work process.

The control valve 12 for controlling the small sub-cylinder cold vent 13 (shown by a chain double-dashed line in the figure) is set in straight The position of the sub-cylinder arranged in the column is driven by a small crankshaft (not shown) connected to the driven gear, and the driven gear meshes with the drive gear on the side camshaft to enable the control valve to be driven.

In the hot air machine of the present invention shown in Fig. 4, since one of the enlarged sub-cylinders is used for supplying air to the two juxtaposed main cylinders, a set of sub-cylinders and corresponding valve structures are saved. The use of the double master cylinder not only reduces the friction generated by the power piston, but also increases the cylinder diameter of the main cylinder in practice, so that the heat engine of this type can be made into a large power. Let the cylinder diameter exceed 100 cm. Because the heat engine of the invention has high thermal efficiency and does not have a large amount of latent heat loss caused by steam condensation in an ordinary power plant, the structure is suitable for making a high-powered heat engine, which can completely replace the less efficient boiler and steam turbine power in the power plant. The system can also be used as a power main and paving machine for ships.

Figure 5 shows the overall structure of the hot air machine of the present invention in which the main cylinder and the main auxiliary cylinder are arranged separately through the insulated gas collecting pipe. In the structural arrangement of this type of hot air machine, the working gas heated in the large auxiliary cylinder After entering the main cylinder through the insulated gas collecting pipe, the angle between the gas distribution piston and the power piston in the main cylinder is not required. Generally, a special crank connecting rod transmission mechanism is not provided for the gas distribution piston, but the main cylinder is added. An insulated manifold between the primary and secondary cylinders and an exhaust valve on the primary and secondary cylinders. The hot air machine in which the large auxiliary cylinder and the main cylinder are arranged separately through the insulated gas collecting pipe can develop more different structural types due to the flexible arrangement.

In the hot air machine shown in Fig. 5, it comprises a main cylinder 38 equipped with a working intake valve 36 and a sub-cylinder 1 arranged separately, in which a power piston 86 is mounted, and a power piston is connected via a connecting rod 93. It is connected to the lower crankshaft 95 drive. A gas distribution piston 18 is installed in the sub-cylinder 1, and the piston rod 17 of the gas distribution piston extends outward through the cylinder head on the lower side, and the sub-cylinder is divided into the upper main cylinder 2 and the lower piston. The rod occupies a small sub-cylinder 10 of a partial volume. Since the sub-cylinder 1 of the hot air machine of the present type is disposed at the upper portion of the main cylinder 38, the piston rod of the air distribution piston directly passes through the cylinder head 59 and the power piston 86 in the main cylinder. The top 85 is connected in one piece so that the small sub-cylinder 10 shares a cylinder head 59 with the main cylinder.

An intake valve 4 and an exhaust valve 5 are respectively disposed on the cylinder head 3 of the large auxiliary cylinder 2, and the small auxiliary cylinder 10 is respectively connected to the ventilation outlet 16 by the lower cold vent 13 under the control of the control valve 12 provided. It is connected to the ventilation inlet 15. In addition to the working intake valve 36, the cylinder head 59 of the main cylinder 38 is provided with a controllable outlet check valve 45 through which the main cylinder passes through the unidirectional wide and outlet ducts 1 13 and the intercooler The intake end of 1 12 is in communication, and the outlet end of the intercooler is in communication with the ventilation inlet 15 of the small sub-cylinder 10 via the communication line 1 15 . The small air outlet of the small auxiliary cylinder 16 is connected through the connecting pipe The passage 127 leads to the intake end of the heater 126, and the outlet end of the heater communicates with the main cylinder 38 via the insulated manifold 35 and the work intake valve 36 to form a closed loop.

In the embodiment of the hot air engine shown in Figure 5, heater 126 is disposed within high temperature exhaust (or drain) line 132 in communication with an external heat source. In practice, the heater can also be placed in a focused solar heating device to operate the hot air engine of the present invention by solar energy. In addition to the oblique installation, the working intake valve 36 and the outlet check valve 45 provided on the main cylinder 38 in FIG. 5 are structurally identical to the working intake valve and the exhaust air in the heat engine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The valves are identical. Figure 5 shows the enlarged structure of the body of the hot air machine and the valves on it. As shown in Figure 6, the air intake valve 36 is connected to the power piston through the piston rod. The arrangement of the one-way valve 45, the bottom surface of the cylinder head 59 of the master cylinder adopts an upwardly conical recessed structural shape, and the outlet air check valve 45 is disposed on the cam shaft 66 via the lift rod 47 and the limit elastic top member 53. The cam 65 controls. A boss 50 is added under the outlet check valve 45 of the present embodiment, so that when the outlet check valve needs to be closed, the cam 65 can be made after the boss is quickly blocked by the outlet valve of the master cylinder. Appropriately slow down the seating speed of the outlet check valve to prevent the outlet check valve from being subjected to excessive closing impact force and prolonging the service life of the valve. The cold vent of the small auxiliary cylinder 10 (shown by a double-dashed line) is controlled by the control valve 12 to communicate with the ventilation inlet 15 or the ventilation outlet 16, and the control valve is driven by the small crankshaft 80 via the small connecting rod 82, the small crankshaft The gear 84 thereon is also driven by a gear 67 on the camshaft 66. The work intake valve 36 of the master cylinder is driven by a separate camshaft 70 via the rocker arm 69.

For the intake valve 4 and the exhaust valve 5 provided on the cylinder head 3 of the large auxiliary cylinder, in the large low-speed hot air machine, the two valves can be made into an uncontrolled one-way valve, and the pressure of the inlet and outlet flows is opened. valve. However, in the hot air machine with higher rotational speed, the structure of the cam facing and exhaust valves in Fig. 6 should be used. As can be seen from the figure, the intake valve 4 is controlled by the cam 72 on the cam shaft 76 via the rocker arm 73. The exhaust valve 5 is controlled by the cam 75 on the cam shaft 76 via the lifting ram 77 on the back side thereof. When the valve piston 18 moves upward and compresses the hot compressed air in the large auxiliary cylinder, the lifting rod 77 can leave the row in time. The gas valve 5 allows the hot compressed air to easily push the exhaust valve into the insulated gas collecting pipe 35. In Fig. 6, the power piston 86 and the associated valve piston 18 are moved together to the top dead center position.

As in the embodiment of the hot air engine of FIG. 1, a scavenging port 40 and an exhaust port 42 are respectively disposed at the bottom dead center position of the main air cylinder 38 of the hot air machine of FIG. 6, and the scavenging air port 40 passes through the scavenging air line and the scavenging pump 41. The outlet end is in communication, and the skirt of the power piston 86 that goes to the top dead center is also blocked. Lived in the scavenging port and exhaust port.

In Fig. 5, the working cycle of the hot air machine in which the main cylinder and the large auxiliary cylinder are arranged separately through the insulated gas collecting pipe is as shown in Fig. 7, and includes four processes of compression discharge, intermediate cooling, isostatic heat absorption and expansion work.

1 Compression Discharge Process In this process, the power piston 86 in the main cylinder 38 runs upward from the bottom dead center, compressing the air in the main cylinder, and when the air is compressed to a pressure higher than the air pressure in the intercooler 1 12 The compressed air pushes the outlet check valve 45 (where the lift ram 47 has risen away from the outlet check valve) and enters the intercooler 1 12 in the direction of arrow 1 14 as shown in the state of FIG. After the power piston 86 reaches the top dead center, the compression discharge process ends, and the air outlet check valve 45 is closed by the lift ram 47.

2 During the intermediate cooling process, the compressed air discharged from the main cylinder enters the intercooler 12 and flows through the intercooler in the direction of arrow 166. Since the heat of compression is carried away by the outside cooling water, the air is turned into a low temperature. The low pressure compressed air allows the compression discharge process in the main cylinder to be close to the isothermal state. The reduction in compressed air temperature and pressure provides a large temperature difference for the heater to absorb more heat and also reduces the compression work of the power piston. The low-temperature compressed air flowing out of the intercooler enters the lower sub-cylinder 10 when the gas-discharging piston 18 ascends, completing the intermediate cooling process.

3 isobaric endothermic process, the valve piston 18 moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, and the lower side small cylinder 10 is filled with low temperature compressed air and then starts to run downward. At this time, the large auxiliary cylinder 2 passes through the intake valve 4 Communicating with the outlet end of the heater 126, the small auxiliary cylinder 10 communicates with the intake end of the heater via the reversing control valve 12, and with the downward operation of the gas distribution piston 18, the low temperature compressed air in the small auxiliary cylinder The heater 126 flows into the heater 126 in the direction of the arrow 128 and is heated by the high temperature gas generated by the external high temperature heat source. The heated hot compressed air is charged into the large auxiliary cylinder 2 through the intake valve 4 in the direction of the arrow 130, as shown in FIG. Shown. After the gas distribution piston moves to the bottom dead center, the isobaric heat absorption process ends.

During the above-mentioned cycle of Figures 1 and 2, when the power piston in the master cylinder is subjected to the compression discharge process, the associated valve piston 18 also begins to compress the hot compressed air charged into the large-cylinder 2, when the hot compressed air When compressed to a pressure higher than the pressure of the gas in the heat insulating gas collecting pipe 35, as shown in Fig. 72, the gas distribution piston 18 passes the hot compressed air in the large auxiliary cylinder 2 through the opened exhaust valve 5 along the arrow 141. The direction is pressed into the heat-insulating collecting pipe 35 having a higher pressure to store the required work hot compressed air for the expansion work.

4 expansion work process when the power piston 86 in the main cylinder 38 completes compression discharge After the process reaches the top dead center, the work intake valve 36 on the main cylinder is opened, and the heat insulating gas collecting pipe 35 is communicated with the main cylinder 38, and the work heat compressed air stored in the heat insulating gas collecting pipe is made into work. The gas valve 36 enters the main cylinder and pushes the power piston 86 down to work. After the piston descends a certain distance, the working intake valve is closed, and the working air that has entered the main cylinder continues to push the power piston to work downward. After the piston moves to the bottom dead center, the expansion work process ends.

The second type of structure of the hot air machine in which the main cylinder and the main auxiliary cylinder are arranged separately through the insulated gas collecting pipe is as shown in FIG. 8. The upper portion of the main cylinder 38 of the hot air machine is substantially the same as the hot air machine in FIG. The sub-cylinder 1 is also disposed at the upper portion of the main cylinder 38. The gas distribution piston 18 in the sub-cylinder is directly connected to the top of the power piston 86 in the main cylinder via the piston rod 17 passing through the cylinder head 59. The sub-cylinder sub-cylinder 10 A cylinder head 59 is shared with the master cylinder 38. The difference is that the power piston 86 in the main cylinder 38 in Fig. 8 is made into a structure in which the lower and lower cylinder heads 142 form the lower main cylinder 38', and the power piston 86 is passed through the lower cylinder head. The power piston rod 90 of the 142, the outer crosshead 91 and the connecting rod 93 are drivingly coupled to the crankshaft 95 in the crankcase. In order to make the lower master cylinder 38' function, the lower cylinder head 142 of the lower master cylinder is respectively provided with a lower working intake valve 36' and a lower outlet one-way valve 45', and the lower main cylinder 38' is operated by the lower cylinder 38'. The intake valve 36' is also in communication with the insulated header 35 provided, and is also in communication with the outlet line 1 13 leading to the intercooler 1 12 via the lower outlet check valve 45.

Since a sub-cylinder on the upper side supplies air to the main cylinder and the lower main cylinder, a sub-cylinder and a corresponding valve mechanism are saved. In order to overcome the reciprocating inertial force generated by the valve piston 18, the power piston 86, and the crosshead 91, a balancer block 144 is further provided on both sides of the crankcase 143.

Figure 9 shows a third type of structure of the present invention in which the main cylinder is arranged separately from the main sub-cylinder. In this type of hot air machine, the main cylinder 38 is arranged side by side in two cylinders, each side of the main cylinder. The power piston 86 is formed into a double-acting structure such that the lower side and the lower cylinder head 142 form a lower main cylinder 38', and each side of the power piston 86 passes through a power piston rod 90 passing through the lower cylinder head 142, respectively, and an external cross. The head 91 and the link 93 are drivingly coupled to the crankshaft 95 in the crankcase 143, and the two crankshafts are held in reverse synchronism by the synchronizing gear 96 on which they are engaged. In order to balance the side pressure received by the crosshead, the crossheads 91 on both sides are connected by a beam 98 attached to the respective connecting pin 105. The subcylinder 1 having the major and the secondary cylinders is disposed at an upper position intermediate the two master cylinders 38, and the valve piston 18 in the secondary cylinder passes through the elongated piston rod 17 and the two crossheads 91 passing through the lower cylinder head. The middle portion of the beam 98 is connected. A lower working intake valve 36' and a lower air outlet are respectively disposed on the lower cylinder head 142 of each of the lower main cylinders 38'. The valve 45', the lower master cylinder 38', the lower working intake valve 36' is also in communication with the provided insulated manifold 35, and also passes through the lower outlet check valve 45' and the outlet to the intercooler 1 12 The gas line 1 13 is connected.

In Fig. 9, the power pistons 86 on both sides are moving toward the top dead center, and the gas in the two main cylinders 38 is compressed, and the lifting ram 47 on the outlet check valve 45 has also been lifted upward to allow the compression pressure to be reached. The gas can easily flow through the outlet check valve to the intercooler 1 12 . The lower main cylinder 38' on the lower side performs the expansion work process, but the lower work intake valve 36' that controls the communication between the main cylinder and the insulated manifold 35 is closed. Here, the upper and lower working intake valves are driven to open and close by a hydraulically controlled piston 150 to reduce the height of the crankcase 143. In practice, the hydraulic control is used to open and close the power inlet valve, and it is easy to adjust the power of the hot air machine with the external heat source. The time for opening the air inlet is extended, and the power output can be increased, and vice versa. The external heat source of the hot air machine in Fig. 9 is a combustion furnace 134 for burning solid fuel, and the heat-dissipating air discharged from the air cooling jacket 121 of the intercooler flows through the pipeline 123 to the combustion furnace 134 to participate in combustion, so that the heat of the hot air machine is utilized. The rate has increased significantly.

The hot air machine in Figure 9 uses an enlarged auxiliary cylinder to supply air to the two double-acting master cylinders, which not only saves the number of secondary cylinders and corresponding valve devices, but also maximizes the function of the heat engine of this structure. It is easier to develop to high power. The cross beam between the two crossheads eliminates the side pressure and allows the reciprocating inertia of the piston and other components to be perfectly balanced.

In the above-described Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 hot air machines, since the power piston 86 is connected to the outer crosshead and the crankshaft linkage via the power piston rod, it is particularly advantageous for the air in the closed circulation system to be kept clean. In order to allow the hot air machine of this structure to have self-replenishing the air leakage capacity during shutdown when starting and running, a corresponding one-way valve (not shown) may be disposed on the cylinder head 59 and the lower cylinder head 142. When needed, the outside air can be charged into the main cylinder via the inflation check valve. If the charge check valve is not provided, a corresponding air pump can also be provided to inflate the air pump when the air pressure in the intercooler is lowered.

The fourth type of structure of the hot air machine, which is arranged separately from the main cylinder and the main sub-cylinder, is as shown in Fig. 10. The main cylinder 38 of the hot air machine is arranged side by side in a two-cylinder manner, and the power pistons 86 in each main cylinder pass their respective The link 93 is coupled to a corresponding crankshaft 95 which is held in reverse synchronism by the synchronizing gear 96 on which it is engaged. The power pistons 86 on both sides are connected by beams 98 mounted on the respective piston pins 89 to balance the power pistons on both sides. The side pressure received. The sub-cylinder 1 having the large auxiliary cylinder and the small auxiliary cylinder is disposed at an upper position intermediate the two main cylinders 38, and the gas distribution piston 18 of the secondary cylinder passes through the piston rod 17 of the lower cylinder head 59 and the two power pistons 86. The middle portion of the cross member 98 is connected so that the beam not only balances the side pressure received by the power piston but also drives the valve piston provided. The power piston 86 and the gas distribution piston 18 in the figure are both at the bottom dead center position, and the scavenging port 40 and the exhaust port 42 provided on the two main cylinders 38 are also exposed, and the airflow required for scavenging can be obtained from the cylinder head. 59 is passed in and flows along the air passage 145 to the scavenging port 40. Because the required scavenging volume is not large, the heights of the scavenging port and the exhaust port are relatively low, and the crank angle is not large, which is favorable for the main cylinder to maintain a high volume utilization rate.

Similar to the parallel dual-master cylinder heat engine shown in Figures 4 and 9, this is shown in Figure 10.

100 cm. At the same time, in the operation of the Han crankshaft linkage shown in the figure, the reciprocating vibration force can be completely balanced by the balance weight on the crankshaft, allowing the hot air machine to operate more smoothly. In the above-described heat engine shown in Figs. 5, 8, 9, and 10, in order to make a more powerful machine, the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder may be arranged in an in-line arrangement.

Fig. 11 shows the overall structure of the hot air machine of the present invention in which the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder are arranged separately and the cylinders are arranged around the central axis. The cylinder of the cylinder is arranged such that the cylinder head 59 is provided with a vent 39. The main cylinder 38 and the sub-cylinders 1 are provided separately, and the main cylinders and the sub-cylinders are arranged around the central shaft 99 in a ring shape. The vent 39 of the main cylinder 38 is controlled by a rotary valve 101 at the end of the central shaft 99. The rotary valve is provided with an intake valve port 102 that can communicate with the vent 39, and a row that can communicate with the vent 39. Valve port 103 (as shown in Figure 12). A power piston 86 is mounted in the main cylinder 38, and the piston is coupled to the crankshaft or wobble plate of the power conversion mechanism via a connecting rod 93. In the present embodiment, the power conversion mechanism employs a crankshaft and a bevel gear transmission. The power piston 86 is drivingly coupled to the crankshaft 95 via the port 93, and a bevel gear 97 is provided at the power output end of the crankshaft. The gear and the output shaft 100 are provided. The upper bevel gear 146 is meshed. Since the transmission ratio of the bevel gear to the center bevel gear set in the embodiment is 2:1, the crankshaft 95 decelerates to drive the output shaft 100 to output power outward. Since the output shaft of the crankshaft rotates for two weeks, the rotary valve 101 is provided with two sets of intake valve ports 102 and exhaust valve ports 103 separated by 180°, and the arrangement of the valve ports is as shown in FIG. 12 ( The seals and seals on the rotary valve are not shown).

The sub-cylinder 1 is disposed at the top of the main cylinder 38, and the sub-cylinder 1 is provided with a gas distribution piston 18, and the piston rod 17 of the gas distribution piston projects outward through the cylinder head 59 at the bottom, and is in the main cylinder 38. The tops of the power pistons 86 are connected, and a large auxiliary cylinder 2 and a small auxiliary cylinder 10 which is occupied by a partial volume of the piston rod are formed. The small auxiliary cylinder can communicate with the ventilation inlet 15 and the ventilation outlet 16 respectively under the control of the set control valve 12 through the cold vent 13 on the lower side, and the ventilation inlet 15 of the small auxiliary cylinder is connected to the middle through the communication line 1 15 The outlet end of the cooler 1 12 is in communication, and the ventilation outlet 16 is connected to the intake end of the heater 126 via the connecting line 127, and the outlet end of the heater is connected to the large auxiliary cylinder 2 via the insulated pipe 129 and the corresponding control valve . In Fig. 1 1 , the large auxiliary cylinder 2 is a lift type intake 4 and an exhaust valve 5, and the two valves are mounted on the cylinder head 3 of the large auxiliary cylinder, and the heat insulating line 129 is connected to the intake valve 4 through The primary and secondary cylinders are in communication, and the exhaust valve 5 is in communication with the insulated gas collecting pipe 35 leading to the rotary valve 101. The insulated gas collecting pipe is then passed through the insulated pipe 35' in the rotary valve to the intake valve port 102 on the rotary valve. .

When the power piston 86 in the main cylinder 38 starts to work as shown in the top dead center shown in FIG. 11, the intake valve port 102 on the rotary valve 101 communicates the main cylinder 38 with the heat insulating gas collecting pipe 35, so that The hot work gas discharged into the heat insulating gas collecting pipe 35 of the auxiliary cylinder enters the main cylinder 38, and pushes the power piston 86 to move downward. When the power piston descends a certain distance, the rotary valve also rotates through a certain working angle. The intake valve port 102 on the rotary valve also rotates away from the vent 39 of the main cylinder 38 to stop supplying the working gas. The working gas that has entered the main cylinder continues to push the power piston to expand.

After the power piston 86 completes the work process and leaves the bottom dead center and starts to perform the compression discharge process again, when the gas in the main cylinder 38 is compressed to the same gas pressure as that in the intercooler 12, the exhaust gas on the rotary valve 101 The valve port 103 communicates with the vent 39 of the master cylinder, allowing the power piston to vent the gas in the master cylinder through the exhaust valve port 103, the exhaust passage 104 on the cylinder head 59, and the outlet line 1 13 to the intercooler 1 12 When the power piston 86 goes to the top dead center, the exhaust valve port 103 on the rotary valve 101 is turned away from the vent 39 of the main cylinder, and this state is as shown in FIG. After the exhaust valve port 103 on the rotary valve also rotates through the vent of the main cylinder (shown by the double-dot chain line 39), the intake valve port 102 thereon will also communicate with the vent 39 to perform the next step. Expansion work process. In order to prevent the working gas in the intake valve port 102 from leaking to the exhaust valve port 103 through the vent 39, as shown in the figure, the angle between the intake valve port and the exhaust valve port is slightly larger than that of the vent port. Occupy angle. In such a hot air machine having two sets of intake ports 102, the power pistons 86 in the two main cylinders work simultaneously at the same time. In such a transmission mechanism that uses the crankshaft 95 to reduce the speed of the output shaft 100, it is most suitable to arrange six main cylinders 38 around the central axis 99 (shown by a chain double-dashed line in Fig. 12).

For the heating mode selection of the heater 126 in the hot air machine of Fig. 1, the above has been given The heat engines are the same, and solar energy and high-temperature process waste gas in the factory can be used as an external heat source, and a combustion furnace using a solid fuel or the like can be used as an external heat source. Just put the heater

The 126 is placed in the high temperature exhaust line 132 of the corresponding external heat source. In the hot air machine of Fig. 1, a scavenging port 40 and an exhaust port 42 are also provided at the bottom dead center position of the main cylinder, and the scavenging port is connected to the air outlet end of the scavenging pump.

The hot air machine shown in Fig. 13 is improved on the basis of the hot air machine of Fig. 11. In this improved hot air machine, the communication between the large auxiliary cylinder 2 and the heater 126 or the heat insulating gas collecting pipe 35 is set. The external rotation valve 28 is controlled. The outer rotary valve 28 is connected to the rotary valve 101 on the inner central shaft 99 via a connecting sleeve 29, and the outer rotary valve has an inner end surface 30 which can block the large ventilating port venting port 6, and the end surface is provided with heat venting respectively The air inlet 31 and the air outlet 34 communicated as shown in Fig. 15. The air inlet 31 is opened during the movement of the valve piston to the bottom dead center, and the angle occupied by the inner end surface is also large, forming a semi-annular venting groove 32, which is externally The insulated passage 33 in the rotary valve communicates with the insulated pipe 129 connected from the outlet end of the heater 126. During the movement of the gas distribution piston 18 in the large auxiliary cylinder from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, the air inlet 31 that rotates with the outer rotary valve 28 communicates with the heat vent 6 of the large auxiliary cylinder, and the gas distribution piston moves. After the bottom dead center, the air inlet also rotates through the heat vent of the large auxiliary cylinder. In Fig. 15, the outer rotary valve is rotating in the direction indicated by the arrow 151, and the air inlet 31 has just turned through the heat vent 6 at the lower side. The heat vent shown by the double-dotted line on the left side is in communication with each other, and will communicate with the heat vent 6 of the upper position.

The air outlet 34 on the outer rotation valve 28 is directly in communication with the heat insulating gas collecting pipe 35 provided in the rotary valve and the connecting bushing. During the movement of the gas distribution piston 18 in the large auxiliary cylinder 2 from the bottom dead center to the upper dead center, When the gas pressure in the large auxiliary cylinder is the same as the gas pressure in the heat insulating collecting pipe 35, the air outlet 34 that rotates with the valve also communicates with the heat vent 6 of the large auxiliary cylinder, and after the gas distribution piston reaches the top dead center, The air outlet 34 is turned to the superheat vent 6. The air outlet 34 on the outer rotary valve 28 in Fig. 15 has just been rotated through the heat vent 6 at the upper side. In order to prevent the air outlet 34 having a large pressure from leaking into the air inlet port 31, the interval between the two air ports is slightly larger than the angle occupied by the heat vent 6.

In the hot air machine of Fig. 13, the transmission ratio of the output shaft 100 to the crankshaft 95 is 1:1, and the rotational speeds of the two are the same, so that only one intake valve port 102 and exhaust gas are provided on the rotary valve 101 that controls the master cylinder 38. Valve 103. The arrangement of the intake valve port and the exhaust valve port on the end face of the rotary valve is as shown in Fig. 14. The exhaust valve port 103 in the figure has just been rotated through the upper side vent 39 of the main cylinder, corresponding to the upper main cylinder. The power piston 86 also reaches the top dead center position for the next expansion work process. Similarly, since the output shaft and the crankshaft rotate at the same speed, only the external rotary valve 28 A set of air inlets 31 and air outlets 34 are provided.

The main cylinder of Fig. 13 and the subcylinder at the top thereof are in the form of a taper opening so that the heat vent 6 of the large sub-cylinder 2 on the cylinder head 3 can be placed at a smaller radius, so that the outer rotary valve 28 The diameter is reduced. If the same arrangement as in Fig. 11 is still used, the heat vent 6 on the cylinder head 3 should be arranged in the radial direction so that its opening faces the outer circumferential surface of the outer rotary valve 28, and the corresponding outer turn is widened. The gas port and the gas outlet are also provided on the outer circumferential surface so that the diameter of the outer rotation valve is not excessive.

In the main engine of the hot air pump of Fig. 1 and the main cylinder and the main engine of the hot air machine of Fig. 13, the rotary valve structure is adopted, so that the resistance of the passing airflow can be made smaller, and the structure is also better than the lift type air valve. A lot simpler. However, since the angle of the valve port on the rotary valve is fixed, the hot air machine with the rotary valve structure is more suitable to maintain a stable power output state. When the output power changes greatly, the corresponding valve port will deviate. The best angle state.

Figure 16 shows the overall structure of the hot air machine of the present invention in which the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder are arranged around the center fixed collar type and disposed on the corresponding rotating cylinder block. The hot air machine includes a cylinder head provided with a vent 39. The main cylinder 38 and the sub-cylinder 1 provided, each of the main cylinder 38 and the sub-cylinder 1 are arranged in a ring type around the central fixed shafts 152 and 14, and form a corresponding rotary cylinder. A power piston 86 is mounted in the rotatable main cylinder 38. The power piston can be connected to the swash plate or the fixed swash plate of the power conversion mechanism through a connecting rod or a piston rod, and the swash plate 148 is used in FIG. For power output, the power piston 86 is connected to the output swash plate via a connecting rod 94. A gas distribution piston 18 is arranged in the rotatable sub-cylinder 1 , and the piston rod 17 projects outward through the cylinder head of the bottom to form a large auxiliary cylinder 2 and a small auxiliary cylinder 10 which is occupied by a partial volume of the piston rod. In Fig. 16, the valve piston 18 is drivingly coupled to the yoke 25 via a piston rod 17, a crosshead 19 and a connecting rod 22.

Since the rotary cylinder and the fixed valve disc can be used to form the rotary valve structure, the valve disc 108 on the side of the fixed housing 157 is provided with a working air inlet 109 and a compressed exhaust gas which can be respectively connected to the vent 39 of the master cylinder 38. The port 1 10 (the position of the compressed exhaust port is shown in Fig. 17), and the corresponding small valve disc 1 1 1 is provided with an air inlet 31 and an air outlet 34 which can be respectively connected to the heat vent 6 of the large auxiliary cylinder 2. The cold vents 13 of the small sub-cylinder 10 may be in communication with the ventilation inlet 15 and the ventilation outlet 16 provided on the central fixed shaft 14, respectively. In the circulation system arrangement of such a hot air machine, the ventilation inlet 15 on the central fixed shaft 14 corresponding to the small auxiliary cylinder communicates with the outlet end of the intercooler 1 12 via the communication line 1 15 , and the ventilation outlet 16 passes through The connecting line 127 is in communication with the intake end of the heater 126, and the outlet end of the heater passes through the insulated pipe 129 and the small valve disc 1 1 1 The intake port 31 is in communication. The air outlet 34 on the small valve disc communicates with the working air inlet 109 on the valve disc 108 that can communicate with the main cylinder via the insulated gas collecting pipe 35, as shown in Fig. 17, the compressed exhaust gas on the valve disc 108. The port 1 10 is in communication with the intake end of the intercooler 1 12 via an outlet line 1 13 . When the master cylinder 38 rotates and the power piston 86 in the line starts to work at the top dead center (i.e., the state shown in Fig. 16), the vent 39 of the master cylinder communicates with the work air inlet 109 on the valve disc 108. The working gas stored in the heat insulating gas collecting pipe 35 discharged from the large auxiliary cylinder 2 is introduced into the main cylinder through the opened valve port, and the power piston 86 is pushed to move to the bottom dead center. The vent 39 of the master cylinder is rotated through the working inlet 109 after a certain working angle, and the working gas that has entered the master cylinder continues to push the power piston to the bottom dead center to make the turnover connected by the bevel gear 149. The swash plate 148 and the main cylinder 38 rotate together, and the output shaft 100 is driven outward by the swash plate. When the power piston 86 completes the work process and leaves the bottom dead center, the gas in the main cylinder 38 is compressed upward, and when the gas in the main cylinder is compressed to the same pressure as the gas in the intercooler 12, the main cylinder is ventilated. The port 39 also shifts to a position communicating with the compressed exhaust port 1 10 on the valve disc 108. The compressed air in the main cylinder is discharged into the intercooler by the power piston, and the main cylinder is vented after the power piston is driven to the top dead center. Port 39 is rotated through the compressed vent.

In the embodiment of Fig. 16, the rotation of the sub-cylinder 1 is carried by the output shaft 100 via the swash plate 25, the drive shaft 26 and the driven bevel gear 27 thereon. When the secondary cylinder rotates, the small secondary cylinder 10 thereon receives the low temperature compressed air from the intercooler 12, and discharges the compressed air into the heater 126 during rotation by the external heat source, and the hot compressed air flowing from the heater. Further, the large auxiliary cylinder 2 is pressed into the heat insulating collecting pipe 35 to form a working gas whose temperature and pressure are further increased, so as to enter the main cylinder when the vent port 39 of the master cylinder is turned to communicate with the working air inlet 109. Perform the expansion work process.

In the hot air machine in which the cylinder rotates, in order to realize the semi-closed circulation, at the position of the valve disc 108 corresponding to the power piston at the bottom dead center, a scavenging port 40 which can communicate with the main cylinder vent 39 is provided. The scavenging port is connected to the scavenging pump 41 via the scavenging air line. An exhaust port 42 is provided at a bottom dead center position of the main cylinder 38, and the exhaust port is connected to the exhaust outlet 154 at the same angular position as the scavenging port provided on the valve disc 108 via the communication line 43 at the periphery of the cylinder block. The position of the scavenging port 40 and the exhaust outlet 154 provided on the valve disc is as shown in FIG. In order to utilize the heat discharged from the intercooler 12 and the exhaust outlet 154, the air containing a certain amount of heat discharged from the air cooling jacket 121 and the exhaust outlet 154 at the periphery of the intercooler is led to the air supply of the combustion furnace 134. Mouth, in order to increase the combustion temperature of the gas in the combustion furnace, The heater 126 placed in the high temperature exhaust line 132 is allowed to increase the amount of heat absorbed.

In the cylinder rotating heat engine of Fig. 16, a rotary cylinder structure of a different size is provided for the main cylinder and the sub cylinder. In practice, as shown in Fig. 18, the master cylinder and the secondary cylinder are all disposed on a common rotary cylinder 160. In the configuration of the heat engine of this configuration, the same number of master cylinders (such as three cylinders) and The secondary cylinders are arranged on the common rotary cylinder 160 in the order of the master cylinder, the secondary cylinder, the master cylinder and the secondary cylinder, and are connected to the vent 39 of the master cylinder 38 and the heat vent 6 of the master cylinder 2 of the secondary cylinder. Corresponding ports are provided at different radial positions of the common valve disc 161. The cold vent 13 of the small sub-cylinder 10 is disposed on the cylinder wall 162 on the side of the center fixed shaft 14, which can be respectively connected to the ventilation outlet 16 of the ventilation inlet 15 provided on the central fixed shaft 14. . The advantage of this type of structure heat engine is that the transmission mechanism for driving the sub-cylinder is omitted, and the structure is also very compact.

After the hot air machine adopts the rotating cylinder, the piston in the cylinder exerts a large side pressure on the cylinder wall under the action of large centrifugal force, which causes the running resistance to increase and the piston to wear one side, in order to overcome this phenomenon, In the 18th hot air machine, a structure in which a balance weight is added to the other side of the connecting rod is adopted. As shown in Fig. 18, the power piston 86 in the main cylinder 38 is connected to the corresponding ball seat 164 on the swash plate 148 via the ball 163 on the large end of the link 94, and is disposed on the link 94 near the large end. A balance arm 165 that extends outwardly and over the ball seat 164, is provided with a weight 166 at the outer end of the balance arm. Similarly, the gas distribution piston 18 in the secondary cylinder is connected to the small end of the connecting rod 22 through the connecting seat 167 in the piston rod 17, and the ball head 168 on the large-head side of the connecting rod 22 and the small ball seat 169 corresponding to the rotating swash plate 148. Connected, a portion of the connecting rod 22 adjacent to the large end is provided with a balancing arm 170 that projects outwardly and over a small ball seat 169, and a balancing block 171 is also provided at the outer end of the balancing arm. In addition, the connection point between the power piston 86 and the gas distribution piston 18 and the respective small ends of the connecting rods is substantially at the center of the centrifugal force balance of the piston, so that although the piston is installed in the rotating cylinder of high speed rotation, Under the action of one side balance block, the piston does not generate a large side pressure during reciprocating operation. This manner of using the balance block to eliminate the centrifugal side pressure of the piston can also be used in the rotary cylinder heat engine of Fig. 16.

Figure 19 is a view showing the overall construction of a hot air compressor of the present invention in which the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder ring are arranged and form a rotary cylinder. In the heat engine of this configuration, the mounting on the center fixed shaft 14 is employed. The swash plate 107 is fixed as a power conversion mechanism. The main cylinder 38 is disposed on one side of the fixed swash plate 107, and the power piston 86 in the main cylinder is connected to the crosshead 91 sleeved on the fixed swash plate via the power piston rod 90, and the crosshead is respectively slid by two semi-circles Block 92 It is connected to the fixed swash plate 107 sandwiched in the middle. The sub-cylinder 1 is provided on the other side of the fixed swash plate 107, the sub-cylinder is integrally connected to the main cylinder 38 through the intermediate casing 153, and the valve-discharging piston 18 in the sub-cylinder is connected to the other side of the crosshead 91 via the piston rod 17. . In order to prevent the lubricating oil for lubricating the fixed swash plate from entering the main cylinder, a baffle cover 155 is provided at the bottom of the main cylinder to allow the power piston rod 90 to pass through, and a power piston and a baffle cover are formed between the main cylinders 38. The bottom space 156 can be communicated by an intercommunication tube 158 connected between the bottoms of the respective master cylinders. The rotatable master cylinder block is fixedly coupled to the output shaft 100 and is powered by the output shaft. The working principle of the present invention is that the hot air machine of the present invention can be heated by a plurality of different external heat sources to obtain a function amount, which is effective for fully recycling the heat contained in the medium and high temperature exhaust gas in the factory enterprise. At the same time, the hot air machine of the present invention can be widely used in the fields of ships, power generation, agricultural machinery, and the like by arranging a combustion furnace to burn a variety of different solid fuels such as biomass and coal.

Compared with the conventional internal combustion engine, after sufficiently adjusting the balance of the heat supply of the external heat source and applying sufficient heat insulation measures to the cylinder, the heat engine of the present invention can substantially avoid heat dissipation and exhaust loss, so that although The hot air machine of the present invention is an external combustion engine, but because of its small heat dissipation and exhaust loss, it still greatly exceeds the ordinary internal combustion engine in terms of thermal efficiency. Since the hot air machine of the present invention operates in a two-stroke mode, although the heat of the heat transfer pipe and the like required by the heater are increased in order to obtain the work heat, the number of cylinders reduced by the second stroke can completely offset the added heater, thereby The heat engine of the present invention can be made much less in volume than a four-stroke internal combustion engine.

Compared with the intercooled regenerative internal combustion engine, although the maximum temperature of the hot gas working fluid of the present invention is not as high as the internal combustion mode, when the combustion furnace is used as the external heat source, since the cooling air discharged from the intercooler can enter the combustion furnace to participate in combustion, The heat dissipated by the intercooler is recovered accordingly, which makes the heat engine of the present invention operating in the external combustion mode not much lower in thermal efficiency than the intercooled regenerative internal combustion engine.

Compared with an external combustion steam power system composed of a steam boiler and a steam turbine (or a cylinder piston), the heat engine of the present invention has a condensation loss due to condensation of water into water in the steam power system due to condensation. This makes the hot air machine of the present invention a new external combustion power unit which is greatly improved in thermal efficiency. Even if compared with the current Stirling heat engine, the heater in the hot air machine of the present invention can be compared with the high temperature airflow of the external heat source. A more favorable countercurrent heat exchange process under pressure conditions allows the heater to substantially exhaust the heat contained in the external high temperature gas stream, which makes the efficiency of the heat engine of the present invention significantly higher than that of the Stirling heat engine. In addition, since the maximum cycle pressure of the hot air machine of the present invention is much lower than that of the Stirling heat engine, the sealing requirement is not high when the semi-closed cycle is adopted, which also makes the hot air machine of the present invention easier to be produced and putatively in practice.

In the above-described medium-cooling isobaric heating type heat-gas machine of the present invention, there is a hot air machine which is suitable for making a single cylinder or a multi-cylinder in-line, and a hot air machine in which the cylinder is arranged in a ring shape and the main cylinder is a rotary valve structure. There is also a heat engine that rotates the annularly arranged cylinders and uses all of the rotary valve structures. Rich structure type, high cycle thermal efficiency, coupled with the low pollution emission characteristics of solid fuels and continuous combustion of external combustion through the combustion furnace, which will enable the heat engine of the present invention to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and petroleum The alternative aspects of fuel play their due role.

Claims

Rights request

An intercooled isobaric heat-absorbent heat engine comprising a master cylinder (38) equipped with a work intake valve (36) and a secondary cylinder (1) disposed adjacent to the master cylinder side, a master cylinder (38) The power piston (86) is connected to the crankshaft (95) via a connecting rod (93), and the gas distribution piston (18) in the secondary cylinder (1) is divided into sub-cylinders by a piston rod (17) passing through the bottom cylinder head. The upper auxiliary cylinder (2) and the lower auxiliary cylinder (10) occupying a partial volume by the piston rod, and the gas distribution piston (18) in the secondary cylinder via the piston rod (17) and the outer crosshead (19) After being connected, it is connected to the crankshaft (95) via the corresponding transmission mechanism. The valve piston (18) is delayed by a certain angle to the top dead center than the power piston (86); the large auxiliary cylinder in the secondary cylinder (2 The working intake valve (36) is in communication with the main cylinder (38), and the intake valve (4) is also provided on the large auxiliary cylinder, and the small auxiliary cylinder (10) is passed through the cold vent (13) on the lower side. The control valve (12) is connected to the ventilation outlet (16) and the ventilation inlet (15) respectively, and the ventilation outlet (16) of the small auxiliary cylinder is connected via the connecting line (127). The inlet end of the heater ( 126) is connected, and the outlet end of the heater is connected to the large auxiliary cylinder (2) via the insulated pipe (129) and the intake valve (4), and the ventilation inlet (15) of the small auxiliary cylinder is connected. The conduit (115) is in communication with the outlet end of the intercooler (112) and is characterized by: a heater (126) placed in a high temperature exhaust or drain line (132) in communication with an external heat source, or placed In the focused solar heating device; a controllable air outlet check valve (45) is arranged on the cylinder head (59) of the main cylinder (38), and the main cylinder passes through the air outlet line (113) after passing through the check valve The intake end of the intercooler (112) is in communication; the outlet check valve (45) is mounted in the hole of the lifting top cymbal (47) by the valve stem (46) on the back side, and the lifting ram is mounted on the cylinder head (59) In the upper sliding hole, and sealed by the sealing ring and the inner wall of the sliding hole, a blocking seat (48) is arranged on the upper part of the lifting ram (47), and a lifting ejector is arranged between the blocking seat and the cylinder head a spring (52) leaving the outlet check valve (45); a cam (65) provided with a limited-length elastic top member disposed in the sliding sleeve (60) of the cylinder head 53) pressing on the retaining seat (48) of the lifting jack, the limiting elastic top member (53) includes a pull rod (58) having a race (54) and a stop (55) at both ends and being sleeved thereon The stop (56) blocked by the stop head is equipped with a large elastic spring (57) between the race (54) and the retaining ring (56), and the limit elastic top member (53) is pressed by the lower retaining ring (56). On the retaining seat (48) of the lifting ram; the stop exposed on the lower side of the retaining ring can extend into the recess (49) having a corresponding depth on the retaining seat (48); performing work in the main cylinder (38) During the process, the cam (65) controls the outlet check valve (45) to be closed by the limit spring top member (53) and the lift jack (47), and the lift top is pressed against the outlet check valve; When the cylinder is about to be vented, the cam (65) turns over the limit spring top member (53), and the spring '(52) causes the lift ram (47) to exit the outlet check valve (45); in the main cylinder (38) The bottom dead center position is respectively provided with a scavenging port (40) and an exhaust port (42), and the scavenging port (40) is connected to the air outlet end of the scavenging pump (41) via the scavenging line, and the power piston (86) is up to the top. At the end of the stop, the skirt on the lower side can block the scavenging port and the exhaust port; when the external heat source uses a burner (134) that can use solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, the intercooler (112) The cooling air outlet (122) of the air cooling jacket (121) is provided to the air supply port (137) of the combustion furnace through the ventilation line (123).

2. The hot air machine according to claim 1, wherein: the main cylinders (38) are arranged side by side, and the power pistons (86) in each of the main cylinders pass through the beams mounted on the respective piston pins (89). (98) connected, the left and right crankshafts (95) are kept in reverse synchronous rotation by the synchronizing gears (96) on which they mesh with each other; the secondary cylinder (1) having a large secondary cylinder (2) and a small secondary cylinder (10) (1) The inverted position is disposed at an upper position between the two main cylinders (38), and the gas distribution piston (18) in the secondary cylinder is driven by the secondary crankshaft (23) disposed at the upper position, and the large secondary cylinder (2) is disposed toward the primary cylinder The two working intake valves (36) on the left and right sides are in communication with the main cylinders (38) on both sides, and the intake valves (4) on the main and auxiliary cylinders are controlled by cams (72) disposed between the two main cylinders; The control valve (12) for controlling the small sub-cylinder cold vent (13) is placed between the inline cylinders and is driven by a small crankshaft connected to the driven gear, driven on the driven gear and the side camshaft Gear meshing.

The hot air machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: when the combustion furnace (134) is used for heating, the exhaust port (42) provided in the main cylinder (38) is exhausted through the exhaust line ( 125) a gas supply port (137) leading to the combustion furnace (134); or an outlet end of the exhaust gas line (125) as an air injection nozzle (44) extending into the ventilation line (123) Inside the cavity (124).

4. An intercooled isobaric heat-absorbent heat engine comprising a master cylinder (38) equipped with a work intake valve (36) and a separately disposed sub-cylinder (1) installed in the master cylinder (38) a power piston (86) is provided with a gas distribution piston (18) in the secondary cylinder (1), and a piston rod (17) of the gas distribution piston extends outward through the cylinder head on the lower side to divide the secondary cylinder into a primary The cylinder (2) and the small auxiliary cylinder (10) occupying a partial volume by the piston rod are respectively provided with an intake valve (4) and an exhaust valve (5) on the cylinder head (3) of the large auxiliary cylinder, and the small pair The cylinder (10) is connected to the ventilation outlet (16) and the ventilation inlet (15) through the lower cold vent (13) under the control of the set control valve (12), and the ventilation inlet of the small auxiliary cylinder ( 15) via communication line (115) and intercooler (112) The outlet end is connected, and the ventilation outlet (16) is connected to the intake end of the heater (126) via a connecting line (127), and the outlet end of the heater is insulated through the insulated line (129) and the intake valve (4) Connected to the large auxiliary cylinder (2), characterized in that: the heater (126) is placed in a high temperature exhaust or drain line (132) in communication with an external heat source, or placed in a focused solar heating device; The primary and secondary cylinders (2) communicate with the primary cylinder (38) via the outlet valve (5), the insulated manifold (35) and the work intake valve (36); on the cylinder head (59) of the primary cylinder (38) A controllable air outlet check valve (45) is provided, and the main cylinder is connected to the intake end of the intercooler (112) through the air outlet line (113) through the check valve; the air outlet check valve (45) is utilized The valve stem (46) on the back is mounted in the hole of the lifting ram (47). The lifting ram is mounted in the sliding hole on the cylinder head (59) and is sealed by the sealing ring and the inner wall of the sliding hole. The upper part of the rod (47) is provided with a retaining seat (48), and a spring (52) for allowing the lifting jack to leave the air outlet check valve (45) is arranged between the retaining seat and the cylinder head; The cam (65) is pressed against the retaining seat (48) of the lifting jack via a sliding elastic top member (53) in the sliding sleeve (60) provided on the cylinder head, and the limiting elastic top member (53) includes two a pull rod (58) having a seat cymbal (54) and a stop head (55) and a dam (56) sleeved thereon by the stop head, between the seat ring (54) and the retaining ring (56) The large spring force (57) and the limit spring top member (53) are pressed against the retaining seat (48) of the lifting jack by the lower retaining ring (56), and the stop head exposed on the lower side of the retaining ring can be extended The seat (48) has a corresponding depth of the recess (49); during the main cylinder (38) during the work, the cam (65) is controlled by the limiting elastic top member (53) and the lifting ejector (47). The check valve (45) is closed and the lifting jack is pressed against the outlet check valve; when the main cylinder is about to be exhausted, the cam (65) is rotated over the limit spring top member (53), and the spring (52) The lifting ejector (47) leaves the outlet check valve (45); when the external heat source uses a burner (134) that can use solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, an air cooling jacket is provided around the intercooler (112) ( The cooling air outlet (122) of 121) leads to the air supply port (137) of the combustion furnace through the ventilation line (123).

5. The hot air machine according to claim 4, wherein: the sub-cylinder (1) is disposed at an upper portion of the main cylinder (38), and the gas distribution piston (18) of the sub-cylinder passes through the cylinder head (59). The piston rod (17) is directly connected to the top of the power piston (86) in the main cylinder, the small sub-cylinder (10) of the sub-cylinder shares a cylinder head (59) with the main cylinder, and the power piston (86) in the main cylinder is connected. The rod (93) is connected to the underlying crankshaft (95).

6. The hot air machine according to claim 4, wherein: the sub-cylinder (1) is disposed at an upper portion of the main cylinder (38), and the gas distribution piston (18) of the sub-cylinder passes through the cylinder head (59). The piston rod (17) is directly connected to the top of the power piston (86) in the main cylinder, the secondary cylinder The small auxiliary cylinder (10) shares a cylinder head (59) with the master cylinder; the power piston (86) in the master cylinder (38) is double-acting to form the lower and lower cylinder heads (142). a main cylinder (38'), the power piston is connected to a crankshaft (95) in the crankcase via a power piston rod (90) passing through the lower cylinder head (142), an outer crosshead (91) and a connecting rod (93); On the lower cylinder head (142) of the lower main cylinder (38'), a lower working intake valve (36') and a lower exhaust check valve (45') are respectively provided, and the lower main cylinder (38') is operated under the lower cylinder (38'). The intake valve (36') is also in communication with the insulated header (35) and is also in communication with an outlet line (113) leading to the intercooler (112) via a lower outlet check valve (45').

7. The hot air machine according to claim 4, wherein: the main cylinder (38) is arranged side by side in a two-cylinder manner, and the power piston (86) in each of the main cylinders is made into a double-acting structure to make it The side and lower cylinder heads (142) form a lower main cylinder (38'), and each side of the power piston (86) passes through a power piston rod (90), a crosshead (91) and a connecting rod (93) passing through the lower cylinder head, respectively. Connected to the crankshaft (95) in the crankcase, the two crankshafts are held in reverse synchronous rotation by the synchronizing gears (96) that are engaged therewith, and the crossheads (91) on both sides are mounted on the respective connecting pins (105). The beam (98) is connected; the auxiliary cylinder (1) having the large auxiliary cylinder and the small auxiliary cylinder is located at an upper position between the two main cylinders (38), and the gas distribution piston (18) in the secondary cylinder passes through the lower cylinder. The extended piston rod (17) of the cover is connected to the middle of the beam (98) between the two crossheads (91); the lower cylinder head (142) of the lower main cylinder (38') is provided under each side Working air intake valve (36') and lower air outlet check valve (45'), lower main air The cylinder (38) through the lower working intake valve (36') is also in communication with the insulated gas collecting pipe (35), and also through the lower air outlet check valve (45') and the intermediate cooler (112). The outlet line ( 113) is connected.

8. The hot air machine according to claim 4, wherein: the main cylinder (38) is arranged side by side in a two-cylinder manner, and the power pistons (86) in each of the main cylinders correspond to the lower ones through respective connecting rods. The crankshafts (95) are connected, the two crankshafts are held in reverse synchronous rotation by the synchronizing gears (96) meshing thereon, and the power pistons (86) on both sides are connected by beams (98) mounted on the respective piston pins (89). The secondary cylinder (1) having the large and small secondary cylinders is located at an upper position in the middle of the main cylinder (38), and the gas distribution piston (18) in the secondary cylinder passes through the piston rod of the lower cylinder head (17) ) is connected to the middle of the beam (98) between the two power pistons.

The hot air machine according to claim 5 or 8, wherein a scavenging port (40) and an exhaust port (42) and a scavenging port (40) are respectively disposed at a bottom dead center position of the main cylinder (38). ) The scavenging air line is connected to the air outlet end of the scavenging pump (41). When the power piston (86) reaches the top dead center, the skirt on the lower side can block the scavenging port and the exhaust port.

10. An intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine comprising a main cylinder (38) having a vent (39) and a separately disposed sub-cylinder (1), the main cylinder and the sub-cylinder being wound around the center The shaft (99) is ring-shaped. The vent (39) of the main cylinder (38) is controlled by a rotary valve (101) at the end of the central shaft (99). The rotary valve is provided with a communication port (39). An intake valve port (102) is provided with a power piston (86) in the main cylinder (38), and the power piston is connected to a wobble plate or a crankshaft of the power conversion mechanism via a connecting rod (93); a gas distribution piston (18), a piston rod (17) of the gas distribution piston protrudes outward through the cylinder head of the bottom portion, forming a large auxiliary cylinder (2) and a small auxiliary cylinder (10) occupying a partial volume by the piston rod, The small auxiliary cylinder (10) of the secondary cylinder communicates with the ventilation inlet (15) and the ventilation outlet (16) respectively under the control of the set control valve (12) through the cold vent (13) on the lower side, the small auxiliary cylinder The ventilation inlet (15) is connected to the outlet end of the intercooler (112) via the communication line (115), and the ventilation outlet (16) is connected to the heating line (127) The inlet end of the heater ( 126) is connected, and the outlet end of the heater is connected to the large auxiliary cylinder (2) via the insulated pipe (129) and the corresponding control valve, and is characterized by: each sub-cylinder arranged in a ring type (1) ) are respectively disposed at the top of the main cylinders (38) of the respective ring arrangements, and the valve piston (18) in the sub-cylinder (1) passes through the piston rod (17) and the main cylinder (38) passing through the cylinder head (59). The top of the central power piston (86) is connected, the heater (126) is placed in a high temperature exhaust or drain line (132) in communication with an external heat source, or placed in a focused solar heating unit; The cylinder (2) is connected to the intake valve port (102) on the rotary valve (101) at the end of the central shaft via a corresponding control valve and a heat insulating gas collecting pipe (35), and is further provided on the rotary valve (101). An exhaust valve port (103) that communicates with a vent (39) of the master cylinder, the valve port being through an exhaust passage (104) and an outlet line (113) on the cylinder head (59) and an intercooler ( 112) The intake end is connected; when the power piston (86) in the main cylinder starts to work at the top dead center, the intake valve port (102) on the rotary valve (101) The main cylinder (38) is communicated with the insulated gas collecting pipe (35) and closed after a certain working angle is turned; the gas in the main cylinder (38) is compressed while the power piston (86) leaves the bottom dead center. When the pressure of the gas in the intercooler is the same, the exhaust valve port (103) on the rotary valve (101) communicates the main cylinder (38) with the exhaust passage (104) leading to the intercooler (126). And when the power piston is turned to the top dead center, it is closed; at the bottom dead center position of the main cylinder (38), a scavenging port (40) and an exhaust port (42) are respectively arranged, and the scavenging port passes through the scavenging line and the scavenging pump. The outlet end is connected, and when the power piston (86) goes to the top dead center, the skirt on the lower side can block the scavenging port and the row. Air port; when the external heat source uses a burner (134) that can use solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, the air cooling jacket (121) of the air cooler (121) provided on the periphery of the intercooler (112) is ventilated (via) 123) A gas supply port (137) leading to the burner.

The hot air machine according to claim 10, wherein the large auxiliary cylinder (2) communicates with the outlet end of the heater (126) via an intake valve (4) provided on the cylinder head (3). The exhaust valve (5) provided on the cylinder head is also in communication with an insulated gas collecting pipe (35) leading to the rotary valve (101).

12. The hot air machine according to claim 10, wherein: the large auxiliary cylinder (2) is controlled by the external rotary valve (28) provided on the cylinder head (3) by the external rotary valve (28). The heater ( 126) or the insulated gas collecting pipe (35) is connected, and the external rotating valve (28) is connected to the rotary valve (101) on the inner central shaft (99) through the connecting bushing (29), and is externally rotated. The valve has an inner end surface or an outer circumferential surface which can block the heat vent (6) of the large auxiliary cylinder, and is provided with an air inlet (31) and an air outlet (34) which can respectively communicate with the heat vent (6); The air inlet (31) on the outer rotation valve (28) forms a semi-annular venting groove (32) on the surface of the outer rotation valve, which is insulated from the heater by the heat insulating passage (33) in the outer rotation valve. ( 126) The insulated pipe ( 129 ) connected to the outlet end is connected, and the intake valve ( 18 ) in the large auxiliary cylinder moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, and the air inlet that rotates with the valve ( 31) In communication with the heat vent (6) of the large auxiliary cylinder, after the gas distribution piston moves to the bottom dead center, the air inlet turns to the heat vent (6); The air outlet (34) on the valve is directly connected to the heat insulating collecting pipe (35) provided in the rotary valve and the connecting bushing, and the gas distribution piston (18) in the first pair is moved from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. When the gas pressure in the large auxiliary cylinder is the same as the gas pressure in the heat insulating collecting pipe (35), the air outlet (34) that rotates with the valve communicates with the heat vent (6) of the large auxiliary cylinder, and the gas distribution piston line After the top dead center, the air outlet (34) turns to the heat vent (6).

13. An intercooled isobaric heat-absorbing heat engine comprising a master cylinder (38) having a vent (39) and a sub-cylinder (1), a master cylinder (38) and a pair The cylinders (1) are all arranged on the corresponding rotating cylinders in a ring-shaped arrangement around the central fixed shafts (152, 14). The main cylinder is equipped with a power piston (86), and the power piston is connected to the power rod through a connecting rod or a piston rod. The conversion mechanism is connected with a swash plate or a fixed swash plate, and a gas distribution piston (18) is arranged in the auxiliary cylinder, and a piston rod (17) of the gas distribution piston protrudes outward through the bottom cylinder head to form a large auxiliary cylinder (2) And a small auxiliary cylinder (10) that is occupied by a part of the piston rod, the gas distribution piston is connected to the outer swash plate or the fixed swash plate via the piston rod (17); the ventilation on the main cylinder (38) when it is rotated Port (39) can be used with the working air inlet on the valve disc (108) of the fixed housing ( 109) Connected, when the secondary cylinder is rotating, the hot vent (6) of the upper auxiliary cylinder (2) can be respectively connected with the air inlet (31) provided on the small valve disc ( 111 ) of the fixed casing. The port (34) is connected, and the cold vent (13) of the small auxiliary cylinder (10) can be respectively connected with the corresponding gas inlet (15) and the gas outlet (16) on the central fixed shaft, and the small auxiliary cylinder The corresponding gas inlet (15) on the central fixed shaft is connected to the outlet end of the intercooler (112) via the communication line (115), and the ventilation outlet (16) is connected to the heater via the connecting line (127) ( The inlet end of the 126) is connected, and the outlet end of the heater is connected to the air inlet (31) on the small valve disc (111) via the insulated pipe (129), characterized in that: the heater (126) is placed The external heat source is connected to the high-temperature exhaust or drain line ( 132) or placed in the concentrated solar heating unit; the air outlet (34) on the small valve disc ( 111 ) that can communicate with the large auxiliary cylinder The insulated gas collecting pipe (35) communicates with the working air inlet (109) on the valve disc (108) that can communicate with the main cylinder, at the valve (108) is further provided with a compressed exhaust port (110) communicating with the main cylinder vent (39), the port being connected to the intake end of the intercooler (112) via an outlet line (113); When the main cylinder rotates and the power piston (86) in the line starts to work at the top dead center, the vent (39) of the main cylinder communicates with the working air inlet (109) on the valve disc (108), and After a certain working angle, the motor inlet is turned; when the power piston (86) leaves the bottom dead center, the gas in the main cylinder (38) is compressed upwards to the same pressure as the gas in the intercooler. The vent (39) of the cylinder communicates with the compressed vent (110) on the disc and closes after the power piston travels to the top dead center; the external heat source uses a burner that can use solid, liquid and gaseous fuels (134 The cooling air outlet (122) of the air cooling jacket (121) provided on the periphery of the intercooler (112) leads to the air supply port (137) of the combustion furnace via the ventilation line (123).

14. The hot air machine according to claim 13, wherein: the same number of master cylinders (38) and sub-cylinders (1) are arranged in a common ring type in the order of the master cylinder, the secondary cylinder, the master cylinder, and the secondary cylinder. On the rotary cylinder (160), each port corresponding to the vent (39) of the master cylinder (38) and the heat vent (6) of the master cylinder (2) of the secondary cylinder is provided in a common valve disc ( 161) At different radial positions, the cold vent (13) of the small auxiliary cylinder (10) is placed on the cylinder wall (162) on the side of the central fixed shaft (14), which can be respectively fixed with the central fixed shaft (14) The corresponding ventilation inlet (15) and the ventilation outlet (16) are connected.

The hot air machine according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the power piston (86) in the main cylinder (38) passes through the ball head (163) on the large end of the connecting rod (94) and the swash plate (148) ) the corresponding ball seat ( 164 ) is connected, and the link ( 94 ) is provided near the large end A balance arm (165) extending outwardly and over the ball seat (164), a balance weight (166) at the outer end of the balance arm, and a gas distribution piston (18) in the auxiliary cylinder (1) through the piston rod (17) The connector (167) inside is connected to the small end of the connecting rod (22); the ball head (168) on the large side of the connecting rod (22) corresponds to the small ball seat on the swash plate (148) (169 Connected, on the connecting rod (22) near the big end, there is a balance arm (170) that protrudes outward and passes over the small ball seat (169), and a balance block is provided at the outer end of the balance arm (171) The connection point between the power piston (86) and the gas distribution piston (18) and the respective connecting rod small head is substantially at the centrifugal force balance position of the piston.

16. The hot air machine according to claim 13, wherein: the main cylinder (38) is disposed on one side of the fixed swash plate (107), wherein the power piston (86) is powered by the piston (90) and the crosshead (91) connected, the crosshead is further rotatably connected to the fixed swash plate (107) sandwiched by two semicircular sliders (92) thereon; a secondary cylinder (1) is provided on the other side of the fixed swash plate The auxiliary cylinder is connected to the main cylinder (38) through the intermediate casing (153), and the gas distribution piston (18) in the secondary cylinder is connected to the other side of the crosshead (91) via the piston rod (17); The bottom of the cylinder is provided with a closing cover (155) through which the power piston rod (90) passes, and a bottom space (156) formed between the power piston and the closing cover in each main cylinder can be connected to the bottom of each main cylinder. The inter-pipes (158) are connected.

17. The hot air machine according to claim 13, 14 or 16, characterized in that: at a position on the valve disc (108) corresponding to the power piston (86) at a bottom dead center, a venting port is provided with the main cylinder ( 39) a communication scavenging port (40), the scavenging port is connected to the scavenging pump via a scavenging pipeline; and an exhaust port (42) is provided at a bottom dead center position of the main cylinder, the exhaust port passing through the periphery of the cylinder The communication conduit (43) communicates with an exhaust outlet (154) at the same angular position as the scavenging port (40) provided on the valve disc (108).