WO2006013749A1

WO2006013749A1 - Vacuum casting method, casting system, and suction and/or supply device of the casting system

Info

Publication number: WO2006013749A1
Application number: PCT/JP2005/013618
Authority: WO
Inventors: Masahito Goka
Original assignee: Masahito Goka
Priority date: 2004-08-03
Filing date: 2005-07-26
Publication date: 2006-02-09
Also published as: JPWO2006013749A1; JP4076568B2

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To provide a vacuum casting method for a permeable mold wherein a molten metal is filled in only a specified cavity portion by producing a highly accurate reduced pressure distribution and solidification and cooling of the molten metal is controlled in the mold. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A plurality of vent holes extending from the outer surface to the inside of the mold are formed, a plurality of pressure reduced boxes are brought into contact with the vent holes, air is sucked and/or supplied to form a plurality of partially pressure reduced zones in the mold around the vent holes to produce the specified reduced pressure distribution in the mold cavity, and the molten metal approximately equal in volume to the specified cavity portion is filled in the cavity of the mold.

Description

Specification

Reduced pressure construction method, construction system and suction air supply device therefor

Technical field

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to generalization, high precision, and high productivity of reduced pressure forging method.

Background art

[0002] The present invention relates to a forging method in which the air-permeable mold is depressurized by a pressure reducing device and gravity pouring is performed from the upper or side of the mold. Hereinafter, this construction method is referred to as a reduced pressure construction method in the present specification.

[0003] Here, the most commonly used air-permeable mold is a mold manufactured using sand particles, but in addition to this, a mold manufactured using ceramic particles or metal particles is also widely used. Used! / Scold. In addition, even if it is a plaster that has almost no air permeability, such as plaster, it is possible to think of it as the air-permeable rattan that is made by mixing or partially using air-permeable materials. Also, even in the case of a mold that is not completely air-permeable, it is possible to regard it as the air-permeable weir type that is provided with a plurality of vent holes and vent holes to provide air permeability. The breathable cage in the present invention includes those breathable cages described above.

[0004] The reduced pressure construction method is a construction method in which molten metal is poured with negative pressure condition lower than the atmospheric pressure of a vertical cavity. The purpose of depressurization is, in part, to draw in air, which is present in the cavity at the time of pouring, or a gas (such as air and generated gas, collectively referred to in the present invention), such as gas generated in a cage or core force. The purpose is to prevent the generation of a back pressure that will drain and prevent filling of the molten metal in the cavity details. The other is to prevent the gas from being caught in the molten metal by sucking and discharging the gas as well. The purpose of these actions is to prevent hot water defects and gas defects.

[0005] Generally, the decompression construction method requires an airtight container for accommodating the boat type and a special airtight means, etc., so it is more expensive than non-decompression construction method, so it is not applied to general products. Applied to special materials, thin-walled products and complex products. Of course, it is important to reduce back pressure in general products so that the gas does not get caught in the molten metal, and the vacuum construction method is an excellent construction method that can be applied to all types of buildings. Decompression structure method is roughly divided according to the decompression method, the whole decompression is enclosed in some airtight container and the entire decompression method, and a part of the bowl is removed, and almost the whole surface is surrounded by some airtight container. It can be classified into semi-total pressure reduction method for reducing pressure and partial pressure reduction method for partially reducing pressure from open part. In the following, since these will be described, classification will be performed by adding the symbol W for the total decompression method, S for the semi-total decompression method, and P for the partial decompression method.

[0007] In addition, there is also a method aimed at discharging a gas from a cocoon, with little consideration given to the decompression of the force ca- bility, which is a type of decompression construction method. Let this be the classification symbol G.

Next, the features of each pressure reduction method will be described.

[0009] First, in the total pressure reduction method, pressure reduction is carried out by accommodating the bowl shape in an airtight container communicated with the pressure reduction device as the most general method. Therefore, basically, the pressure in the vertical cavity is uniformly reduced. Then, pouring water is performed through this state force gate. (Classification symbol W1)

[0010] In the entire decompression method using such an airtight container, the airtight container connected to the pressure reducing device is required, and the crucible is housed in the airtight container, and after completion of the construction, the crucible is removed from the airtight container. There are production restrictions such as the need for a process of releasing.

[0011] Another example of the total pressure reduction method is a method of covering the entire mold with a flexible resin material such as vinyl to perform pressure reduction. In this decompression method, there is a limitation that vinyl becomes a consumable material and steps of coating and removing vinyl are required. (Classification symbol W2) [0012] As another example of the total pressure reduction method, there is a method in which pressure reduction is performed by maintaining an air tightness by combining an airtight container with an open top and a vinyl or the like. This method is an intermediate feature of the above two methods. (Classification symbol W3)

[0013] In the semi-total pressure reduction method, the crucible is housed in a pressure-release container whose one side is open, and the pressure is reduced by surrounding the sand with the sandbag. (Classification symbol S)

[0014] Although this method is open on one side, the degree of pressure reduction of the cavity is low, but the entire cavity has a somewhat uniform pressure reduction. The main purpose is the emission of gas from the mold. In this method, as in the whole pressure reduction method, it is necessary to have a pressure reducing vessel connected to the pressure reducing device, or the step of storing the mold in the pressure reducing vessel and removing the mold after completion of the construction. There are production restrictions such as the need for.

[0015] Next, the partial pressure reduction method reduces the pressure of a portion of a bowl-shaped portion, basically the other portion of the bowl-shaped portion is open to the atmosphere. Therefore, air will flow into the cavity from the open part. The feature of this method is that the molten metal is filled with reduced pressure so as to create a unidirectional air flow or reduced pressure gradient in the cavity with a low degree of reduced pressure.

The specific decompression method of the partial decompression method is classified as follows. (1) A method of providing air vents on the upper and lower mold mating surfaces of a bowl-shaped and sucking and depressurizing it from there (classification symbol Pl). (2) A method of drawing a suction hole from the outside of the bowl shape at the place where suction reduction is desired and reducing pressure from there (Class Code P2). (3) A method of disposing an external force suction guide at the point where suction reduction is desired and reducing pressure from there (classification symbol P3). (4) It is more breathable than some types of molds, such as placing a material on the mold and using it for suction and pressure reduction (classification symbol P4). Although these are specifically described in the prior art disclosed in the patent document, there are problems in terms of constraints of the template used and compatibility with multiple loads.

Based on the classification of the decompression construction method described above, the prior art will be described with respect to the decompression construction method disclosed in the patent document, an apparatus therefor, and a boat type.

[0018] In Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-180642), after an air-permeable mold is installed in a chamber 1 and the porthole is closed with a meltable material, the chamber 1 is pressurized to a predetermined pressure. A pressure-reducing structure method of depressurizing and pouring water is disclosed. This corresponds to the classification symbol W1. This method requires one chamber capable of depressurization, and the process time is long!

[0019] Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-265998) is a reduced-pressure forming mold in which the thickness of the product and the shape of the mold of the proposal cavity is changed in a room-temperature curing type mold for reduced-pressure manufacturing. It is disclosed. This corresponds to W1 in the above classification. This method is possible only when the mold is a room temperature curing mold and under mold conditions.

[0020] Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-170226) arranges a sensor inside a mold in a mold which performs total pressure reduction, and starts a pressure reduction operation after detecting that molten metal has flowed. Is disclosed. This corresponds to W1 in the above classification. In this method, if the pressure is reduced before pouring, the molten metal will be disturbed. As a countermeasure, the inflow of molten metal is detected and the pressure is reduced to obtain a good molten metal flow. In this case, There are limitations such as the need for dense means and the inability to be applied to many models due to the placement of expensive sensors.

[0021] In Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 3-216258), the entire surface around the gutter is airtightly covered with a sand film cover made of a resin film, and an exhaust port is provided at a site where the spout force is sufficiently separated. There is disclosed a pressure reducing device for reducing pressure. This corresponds to W2 in the above classification. In this device, the need for air-tight containers is unnecessary, and the need for plastic-consumables is required, as well as the process of coating and removing vinyl.

[0022] In Patent Document 5 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-124438), a frameless molded gypsum mold is placed on a suction box having an air hole, and the gypsum mold is covered with a film sheet. There is disclosed a pressure-reducing structure method in which hot water is poured after pressure reduction from a suction box. This corresponds to W2 in the above classification. This method also requires the expendable item of vinyl, and also requires the steps of coating and removing vinyl.

According to Patent Document 6 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-115119), a suction mechanism is provided on the side wall of the upper and lower open gutter frame and an airtight sheet is provided closely on the upper and lower sides of the gutter frame in the missing model construction method. There is disclosed a vacuum construction method for suction and pressure reduction. This corresponds to W3 in the above classification. In this method, a special weir frame provided with a suction mechanism on the side wall is required, and the upper and lower airtight sheets are consumables, and a process of covering and removing the airtight sheets is necessary.

[0024] Patent Document 7 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-122060) discloses that an organic binder binder is molded into a rod frame having a vent hole, and this is formed in a steel plate chamber having an open top. There is disclosed a reduced pressure method of setting and pouring in a reduced pressure state. This corresponds to S in the above classification. In this method, a steel-made decompression chamber is required, and an organic caking type! There are some limitations.

[0025] Patent Document 8 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-103861) discloses a reduced pressure construction method in which a sand mold is embedded in sand in a container in a top open type reduced pressure vessel, and pouring is performed under suctioning I reduced pressure condition. Disclosed! This corresponds to S in the above classification. This method requires a pressure reduction vessel. The purpose is to prevent the blow up phenomenon of the molten metal at the time of pouring.

[0026] Patent Document 9 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-31463) discloses a thin-walled pot for suctioning and pouring the inside of a cavity through an air vent provided at a position farthest from the position of a pothole. Manufacturing A method is disclosed. This corresponds to the PI of the above classification. In this method, since a vent hole is provided in the wedge-shaped mating surface, it is difficult to cope with multiple loading. In addition, there are also problems with equipment as suction holes are made in the weir frame.

[0027] In Patent Document 10 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-55255), a feeder or a skein is provided at a position away from the collar portion of the bowl, and a hole communicating with the outside is provided near that. There is disclosed a method of producing a steel frame which is manufactured while depressurizing from the pores. This corresponds to P2 of the above classification.

[0028] In this method, since the pressure is reduced in a single direction, the degree of pressure reduction is low, so that the molten metal is suctioned and filled by the pressure reduction such that the pressure is reduced in an open pot-shaped local pressure. However, there is a restriction that a feeder or a force must be provided at a position apart from the buttocks of the boat.

In the same way, Patent Document 10 also provides a method for controlling the pressure reduction rate to reduce the pressure so that the pouring speed of the molten metal becomes constant, or provide a surface detection sensor inside the ridge and detect the molten metal right after it is detected. Also disclosed are methods of initiating decompression and the like. In this case, a pressure reduction rate control means and a hot water surface detection sensor are required.

[0030] Patent Document 11 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-226423) has the same configuration as Patent Document 10, except that a suction member having a higher air permeability than a bowl type is provided between the vacuum suction port and the feeder or the skein. A method for producing a thin meat dish is disclosed in which the reduced pressure in the vacuum suction side cavity is made larger than that of the pouring side cavity. This corresponds to P2 of the above classification. In addition to the limitations of Patent Document 10, this method further requires a suction member.

[0031] Patent Document 12 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-85421) discloses a pressure-reducing structure method for reducing the pressure by providing a hole communicating with the outer part in a core base wood set in a bowl shape. . This corresponds to P2 of the above classification. This method is applicable only to a gift with a core.

[0032] Patent Document 13 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-147760) discloses a suction mold for forming a suction structure provided with a suction guide that forms a suction passage between an area requiring pressure reduction of the mold space and the outside of the mold. It is done. This corresponds to P3 of the above classification. In this method, a step of providing a suction guide in a bowl shape is required.

[0033] Patent Document 14 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-56439) discloses a reduced pressure structure provided with a fireproof material filter having better permeability than gypsum from the vicinity of the final filling portion of the plaster mold to the outer surface. Plaster molds are disclosed. This corresponds to P4 of the above classification. In this method using a mold, man-hours are required for producing a plaster mold and productivity is low.

[0034] Patent Document 15 (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 7-41400) discloses a method of suctioning separately the gas generated from the green mold and the gas generated from the core force, and adjusting the suction pressure separately. A method of construction is disclosed. This corresponds to G in the above classification. This is for the purpose of suction and discharge of gas.

[0035] A summary of the conventional techniques, such as the reduced pressure structure method and the apparatus and molds disclosed in the above patent documents, is as follows.

First, in the whole decompression construction method, in the method (W1) in which the bowl type is accommodated in an airtight container capable of depressurization and pressure is reduced (W1), a special airtight container is required, and the crucible type is accommodated in the airtight container. There is a problem that the forged tatter is long, and it is difficult to construct a continuous line capable of high-efficiency production, due to the need for processes such as taking out and taking place.

[0037] In addition, in the method (W2) of covering the mold with a non-air-permeable cover member such as vinyl (W2), it is necessary to use the vinyl as a consumable each time, and a step of covering and removing the vinyl. Because of this, there is a problem that the forged tatter is long, and it is difficult to construct a continuous line that can produce as efficiently as W1.

[0038] Furthermore, the method (W3) in which the airtight container and the non-air-permeable cover member are used in combination is also applicable to the above W1 and W.

Similar to 2.

[0039] As a result of the above, the whole decompression structure method has the feature of being able to decompress the entire bowl uniformly, but (1) a special airtight device or member is necessary to make the bowl airtight. In addition, since it takes many man-hours, it is difficult to construct a continuous line capable of automated high-efficiency production. Therefore, it is currently applied to high value-added gifts, which generally have high manufacturing costs.

Next, the semi-entire decompression construction method (S) is almost the same as the overall decompression construction method.

Next, partial pressure reduction structure method (P) is characterized in that the overall degree of pressure reduction is low, and a flow of air flow in one direction is created in the cavity with suction induction induction and filling in the cavity. is there. However, (2) Since partial pressure reduction is performed by providing vent holes, suction holes, suction guides, highly breathable materials, etc. in the mold, individual handling for each product type is troublesome, In some cases it is not possible to [0042] Next, problems common to the conventional full vacuum structure method, the semi-full vacuum structure method, and the partial vacuum structure method will be described.

[0043] One of the reasons is (3) a pressure reduction structure method of V strain, even if the pressure is reduced entirely to create a uniform pressure distribution, or pressure is reduced by simple pressure reduction at a local portion of the wedge shape. Pouring is performed under either one of two conditions: creating a one-way depressurization gradient. That is, the pressure reduction distribution in the cavity can be controlled with high accuracy, and pouring can be performed in a pressure-reduced state in which a proper predetermined pressure reduction distribution is created in the target container.

[0044] In addition, the fact that it has not been possible to create a high-precision predetermined decompression distribution in the cavity is most commonly performed in the form of a multi-piece structure in which a plurality of pots can be placed in one frame. In this case, it is possible to pour the water while creating an appropriate decompression distribution for the cavities of each pottery! For this reason, it is inadequate in terms of measures against hot water defects and gas defects.

[0045] In addition, high-precision predetermined decompression distribution within the cavity ^ | IJ can be created! /!生力、て、、。 Therefore, we overlook the major cost reduction factors.

Next, (4) In any of the reduced pressure forming methods, since the entire cavity shape is filled in pouring, the injection yield is low. That is, although the pot-shaped cavity is generally composed of the cavity part such as the product part, the hot water part, the runner part, and the sprue part, only the product part is the final required part after the forging. The other parts are unnecessary parts only in the pouring process or the coagulation process, and are essentially unnecessary. However, when pouring water, it is completely filled. Therefore, the implantation yield is low, and post-processing steps such as opening and finishing are complicated, and a major cost reduction factor is overlooked.

Next, in (5) none of the reduced pressure fabrication methods, control from solidification completion to cooling, solidification and release is not performed after pouring is completed. That is, although the control of the reduced pressure state is performed until the completion of pouring, a method is adopted in which the pressure reduction is stopped after the completion of pouring, or the pressure is simply continued. In other words, (a) directional solidification control is not performed after pouring is complete. (B) Adjustment of solidified tissue is not performed. (C) Recovery of heat energy of molten metal is performed. And miss the elements of low cost and high precision in the manufacture of goods in terms of There is.

As described above, although the conventional decompression structure method has excellent features, there are problems (1) to (5) and the features are fully utilized. Absent.

For the reasons as described above, the conventional reduced pressure construction method is currently adopted as a special construction method for special material products, thin-walled products, complex products and the like. As a result, the volume produced by the vacuum construction method using the breathable template is as low as 1% of the total timber production volume. If a method that can make the most of the features of the decompression construction method can be invented, it is possible to innovate the construction technology and make the product an extremely superior manufacturing method over other construction methods. The present invention has been made from such a point of view.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-180642

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-265998

Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-170226

Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-216258

Patent Document 5: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-124438

Patent Document 6: Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-115119

Patent Document 7: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-122060

Patent Document 8: JP-A-8-103861.

Patent Document 9: JP-A-57-31463

Patent Document 10: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-55255

Patent Document 11: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-226423

Patent document 12: Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 9-85421 gazette

Patent document 13: Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 4 147760

Patent Document 14: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-56439

Patent Document 15: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-41400

Disclosure of the invention

Problem that invention tries to solve

The present invention addresses the following problems in view of the problems of the prior art described above. [0052] (1) The present invention provides a pressure-reducing construction method capable of constructing a continuous line capable of highly efficient production using a normal air-permeable mold. (2) To provide a reduced pressure construction method that can easily cope with individual products and multiple loads. (3) A vacuum construction method is provided in which a high-precision predetermined vacuum distribution is created in a vertical cavity. (4) A reduced pressure construction method is provided in which the molten metal is filled only in the desired cavity among the bowl-shaped cavities. (5) To provide a high-efficiency, high-precision reduced pressure structure method and structure system that controls the process from pouring to solidification, cooling, and releasing frames.

The effects to solve the above problems are as follows. By (1), generalization of the vacuum construction method can be achieved, and high precision of general manufacturing of the objects becomes possible. By (2) and (3), it is possible to establish a high-precision reduced pressure construction method that can be applied to high-efficiency continuous lines with multiple types and multiple packings, making it easier to form thin-walled products and complex products. By (4), it is possible to establish an extremely high-yield reduced pressure construction method and greatly simplify post-dissolution post-process. By (5), the thermal energy of the molten metal can be used and recovered to significantly improve the cost of forging. Also, CO reduction etc.

It also contributes significantly to the environmental aspects of 2).

Means to solve the problem

(Means 1)

An air seal member is provided on the upper surface and the Z or lower surface of the weir frame, and the air-permeable weir mold molded on the weir frame is placed on the surface plate, and a non-air-permeable material is provided on the upper surface of the breathable weir. The air-tight member is placed, and the molten metal is poured while depressurizing the air-permeable weir-shaped through the suction holes provided in at least one place of the air-tight member.

[0055] The present method provides a reduced pressure construction method capable of constructing a continuous line capable of easily producing high efficiency using a normal air-permeable mold.

[0056] In the whole general decompression construction method using the conventional general air-permeable mold, the whole is covered with a non-air-permeable member such as a car, vinyl or the like that accommodates the mold or the fugitive model in a vacuum-proof airtight container. The pressure is reduced and pouring is performed. Therefore, it is superior to non-depressurized normal construction method in terms of hot water pouring and gas defect measures.

However, since a non-air-permeable member such as a special airtight container and a consumable material vinyl is required in terms of productivity, the process is complicated, time-consuming, and the manufacturing cost is high. From this The whole decompression structure method is adopted for special material products, thin products and complex products. An example of the total pressure reduction construction method using the most general airtight container of the prior art is shown in FIG.

[0058] In this method, first, the upper surface and the Z or the lower surface of the ordinary heddle frame are provided with a heat seal member for preventing the inflow of air. Then, an air-permeable mold is formed on the mold frame with a mold material made of granular material, and the upper and lower molds are put together and placed on a surface plate. A dolly may be used instead of the surface plate. The point is that it can be kept airtight by contacting the light seal member of the heddle frame.

Next, an air-tight member made of a non-air-permeable material that similarly prevents the inflow of air is placed on the upper surface of the upper frame of the air-permeable cage, and suction holes provided in at least one location of the air-tight member. The pressure is reduced while pouring water.

[0060] In this means, the same function as that of the airtight container in the conventional full decompression construction method is constituted by the usual coffin frame, the air seal member and the airtight member.

That is, the force with which the lower surface of the lower frame is in contact with the surface plate. This portion is kept airtight by an air seal member provided on the lower surface of the lower frame. In addition, the mating surfaces of the upper and lower frames are also kept airtight by the air seal member. Further, the upper surface of the upper frame is in contact with the airtight member, but this portion is kept airtight by the light seal member similarly provided on the upper frame. That is, the air seal members of the weir frames maintain the airtightness between the weir frames, the platen and the airtight member.

And, it is only the suction hole provided in the airtight member that the air-permeable wedge is in communication with the outside atmosphere, and it is communicated with a general pressure reducing device to perform pressure reduction. Of course, a hole for pouring is provided in the air-tight member, but if it is sealed with a suitable non-air-permeable member at the time of pressure reduction, preferably a non-air-permeable member that disappears or melts with the heat of the molten metal be able to.

A non-air-permeable member such as a heat-resistant packing is used as the heat sealing member. Or low breathability members may be used if some air inflow is acceptable.

[0064] The airtight member is non-air-permeable, and any material that can be provided with a suction hole can be used as well. For example, a metal decompression hood or an iron-made one used as a bowl-like weight may be mentioned. In addition, flexible resin materials such as vinyl can also be used.

[0065] At least one suction hole provided in the airtight member can reduce the pressure in the entire mold. . In addition, two or more locations can be provided to make the entire bowl more uniformly depressurized more quickly.

[0066] The above-described method according to the present invention is generally used in a continuous line capable of high-efficiency production, and is applied to a ventilation seal type with a weir frame and a heat seal member and an airtight member. This enabled the same operation and effect as the conventional vacuum-construction using a special airtight container. That is, the present invention provides a reduced pressure forging method which can be easily applied to a continuous line capable of highly efficient production. Details will be described in Examples 1 to 3.

(Method 2)

The at least one outer surface of the breathable wedge is provided with a plurality of vent holes having different diameter and Z or depth, and the outer surface force is also directed to the inside of the wedge, and the pressure is reduced from the outer surface of the breathable wedge. A partial pressure reduction zone is formed around each of a plurality of vent holes in the mold, and a predetermined pressure distribution is created in the breathable vertical cavity to pour the molten metal. .

The present means provides a reduced pressure forging method in which a predetermined reduced pressure distribution is created with high accuracy in a vertical cavity in the total pressure reduction method.

[0069] In this method, first, at least one outer surface of the breathable wedge is provided with a plurality of vent holes having different diameters and Z or depths from the outer surface toward the inside. The at least one outer surface is the upper surface and the Z or the lower surface of the bowl shape in the case of the bowl type with the bowl frame. Further, in the case of a cage without a cage frame, a vent hole is provided on at least one of the outer surfaces of the cage, and the other surface is covered with a suitable non-air-permeable member to maintain air tightness. The vent holes may be drilled with a drill or the like, or may be formed by molding. In the present invention, the vent holes will be described as drilling since the drilling is more efficient in consideration of general multi-product production.

[0070] A plurality of air holes having different diameters and depths or depths provided from the outer surface of the bowl towards the inside increase the air permeability of the bowl and a plurality of different holes in the bowl around the vent holes. By forming a partial pressure reduction zone, it is intended to create a predetermined pressure distribution in the cocoon-shaped cavity as a complex. In the present invention, the periphery means the periphery of the vent hole and the vicinity of the tip. Hereafter, it will be simply referred to as the surroundings. In addition, with partial pressure reduction zone, plural By providing a vent hole, even if the pressure is reduced from the outer surface of the bowl, that is, even if the entire pressure is reduced, an area similar to a kind of partial pressure is formed around the vent hole in which the portion is preferentially depressurized. Therefore, the area over which the partial pressure reduction acts is called a partial pressure reduction zone.

[0071] The operation of vent holes of different diameters and different Z or depth will be described in detail. One of the effects is that the air permeability of the entire mold is improved by providing a plurality of vent holes, so that the degree of pressure reduction of the cavity can be rapidly increased. In other words, it is a rapid action of depressurization.

Another effect is that a partial pressure reduction zone is formed around each of the plurality of vent holes. Further, since the thickness of the wedge between the tip of the vent hole and the cavity in the vicinity thereof is reduced, a pressure reduction degree reflecting the pressure reduction action of the partial pressure reduction zone is obtained in the cavity portion. As a result, in the entire cavity, a predetermined reduced pressure distribution is created as a composite of the degree of reduced pressure of the cavity portion corresponding to each vent hole. That is, partial pressure reduction action is obtained at a plurality of locations by vent holes of different diameters and different Z or depths. Therefore, it can be said that this method is a reduced pressure construction method in which total pressure reduction and partial pressure reduction are combined.

Therefore, the diameter, depth and position of the vent holes are extremely important for the creation of a given reduced pressure distribution. First of all, position is the most important. In other words, many are provided in the vicinity of the portion where it is desired to increase the degree of pressure reduction.

Next, the larger the diameter of the vent hole is, the greater the pressure of the surrounding air is absorbed, so a strong partial pressure reduction zone is formed, and a high degree of pressure reduction can be obtained around the vent hole.

In addition, if the depth of the vent hole is as deep as possible, the pressure reducing action of the vent hole can be strongly reflected in the cavity. The vent is usually a force that prevents the cavity from communicating with the core part of the core or the hot water, such as a bowl-shaped mating surface, etc. The vent may be a vent connected to the part!

Therefore, in order to obtain a desired pressure distribution, it is important to provide deep vent holes with the largest possible diameter at an appropriate position. Then, in areas where the degree of pressure reduction is to be lowered, make them small, shallow, force to provide vent holes, or not at all. As described above, by providing a plurality of vent holes at different positions, diameters, and depths, it is possible to clearly separate and form a portion with a high degree of pressure reduction and a portion with a low degree of pressure. It is possible to generate highly accurate decompression distribution ^ | lj in the cavity.

[0078] The plurality of vent holes may vary in diameter or depth. Considering the workability of drilling multiple vents, it is better to keep the diameter constant and change the depth and number. In addition, it is effective to place the vent holes as close as possible to the cavity where you want to increase the degree of pressure reduction. In general, it is preferable to provide a large number of vent holes near the product part cavity, and to make the pressure reduction distribution such that the degree of pressure reduction of that part of the cavity is higher than that of the other parts.

[0079] In addition, in the plan where the pouring water or pressure is provided prior to the product part when viewed from the sprue side, it is desirable to increase the degree of pressure reduction of the pouring water or the filling part. Set up. Although vent holes may be provided near the product area, they should be provided so that the degree of pressure reduction is slightly lower than that of the feeder and skein.

In addition, since it is necessary to be able to cope with various types of container production in order to drill the vent holes in an actual production line, the vent hole drilling apparatus generally has one or a plurality of drilling tools such as a drill. We will have the configuration and install it on the upper part of the bowl. Then, it is desirable to move the perforating tools to the best possible position so as to obtain the proper pressure reduction distribution as described above to perforate the vent holes. That is, the piercing device has some means that can be positioned at the desired position. Of course, if the product type is limited, the drilling device may be fixed.

Here, the pressure reduction state of the cavity in the reduced pressure construction method is considered, and the difference between this method and the conventional whole pressure reduction construction method will be described.

In the case of a generally used cage, the outer surface of the cage is a substantially flat surface, and the thickness of each part of the cage differs depending on the cage shape determined by the product shape and the construction method. When this mold is depressurized from the outer surface, the thin part of the mold has low ventilation resistance, so the cavity part of that part is easily depressurized. On the contrary, the thick part of the mold has large ventilation resistance, so it is If the pressure in the portion of the cavity is difficult to decompress! That is, a difference occurs in the degree of pressure reduction at each part of the wedge-shaped cavity. Also the pressure reduction The distribution is determined by the product shape, forging method, etc., and the pressure reduction distribution that is appropriate for filling the molten metal may not always be obtained. Patent Document 2 is an example that discloses a remedy for this phenomenon.

Here, if the air tightness is perfect, the entire cavity quickly attains a uniform degree of pressure. Since there is usually a certain amount of air inflow, the pressure reducing action proceeds in balance with this. In addition, when the inflow of air is large, the degree of pressure reduction is not uniform, and a portion with a low degree of pressure reduction occurs at the air inflow portion and the portion along the air flow.

[0084] In addition, it has not been clarified in the research so far whether or not it is really the best ability to have a uniform degree of pressure reduction in the cavity when pouring water. For example, even if a uniform degree of pressure reduction is obtained, the air tightness is broken near the gate with the start of pouring, so the degree of pressure reduction changes significantly, and it is said that this is the cause of the disturbance of the water flow.

Further, as described in the above-mentioned prior art, the uniform pressure reduction degree can be obtained only in the whole pressure reduction structure method, and the uniform pressure reduction degree can not be obtained as described in the above-mentioned prior art. The partial decompression construction method to be performed is also actively studied. It also allows air to flow into the mold. This means that uniform decompression over the entire cavity is not always the best. The gap is good, and it depends on the type of the object to be treated, so it can not be said in general, but in the case of manufacturing further thin and complex objects in the future, the pressure reduction distribution in the cavity is controlled with high accuracy. It is necessary to create an appropriate predetermined pressure reduction distribution for the target product.

According to the concept of this partial pressure reduction construction method, it is better to generate a directional pressure reduction distribution or pressure reduction gradient ^ iij even if the flow of air is permitted to some extent.

[0087] When considering this means from this point, in the present means, by providing a plurality of ventilation holes of different diameter and Z or depth from the outer surface of the bowl to the inside as described above, A plurality of partial pressure reduction zones are formed in the template, and the combined pressure distribution of the entire cavity is created. Therefore, this reduced pressure distribution is different from the simple one-sided reduced pressure distribution by partial pressure reduction disclosed in prior art patent documents, that is, a more accurate reduced pressure distribution created by a plurality of partial pressure reduction zones, different from the pressure reduction gradient. It is. Then, by selecting the position and diameter of the vent hole and Z or depth appropriately, a specific site can be obtained. It is possible to easily create a reduced pressure distribution that makes it high!

The effect of this method is to provide a plurality of vent holes different in diameter and Z or depth, and create a predetermined pressure distribution with high accuracy in the wedge-shaped cavity by reducing the pressure on the outer surface of the breathable wedge-shaped surface. The result is a smooth, smooth stream of hot water. The details will be described next.

[0089] In the conventional whole decompression construction method, as described above, even if uniform decompression distribution is obtained before pouring, the degree of decompression greatly changes with the start of pouring, and the variation acts on the molten metal and the hot water acts. It is thought that flow disturbance will occur. As described above, when the pressure reduction degree of the wedge-shaped cavity changes, the entire pressure reduction simply acts in the direction to uniformize the pressure reduction distribution, and thus it is necessary that the pressure reduction distribution appropriate for filling the cavity portion of the product part is necessarily obtained. There is no limit.

[0090] Also in this method, a change in the degree of pressure reduction after the start of pouring is unavoidable. However, according to this method, the desired cavity part such as the product part becomes a high pressure reduction degree before the start of pouring, and a pressure reduction distribution can be created so that the vicinity of the sprue part becomes low and the pressure reduction degree. It is clearly superior to the reduced pressure method in terms of the action of maintaining or recovering a predetermined reduced pressure distribution.

[0091] By this means, even if the total pressure is reduced, by creating a partial pressure reduction zone around it by vent holes of different diameters and different depths or depths, the pre-pouring force also creates a specified pressure reduction distribution. If created, it has a function to cope with the pressure reduction change after the start of pouring, and it has the effect of reducing defects in hot water and gas defects, which cause less disturbance of hot water.

Patent Document 10, as shown in FIG. 41, discloses a forging method in which holes having similar effects to those of the present means are provided, and suction and pressure are reduced from this point. However, in this method, there is a restriction that a feeder or a weir must be provided at a position apart from the heel of the bowl and a cavity should be provided near it. In this method, such restrictions can be applied to the layout of the template-type cavity of any scheme.

Further, in Patent Document 10, there is one for each product cavity of one hole portion. However, in this method, a plurality of vent holes are disposed throughout the bowl, and their diameters and depths are also changed in order to obtain a specified depressurization distribution. In addition, in Patent Document 10, a force is applied to create a one-way decompression gradient with one vent hole. In this method, partial decompression is performed through vent holes of different diameters and different Z and depths. Across the whole It is fundamentally different in creating highly accurate decompression distribution.

The present means can easily create a predetermined reduced pressure distribution by appropriately arranging the vent holes throughout the entire mold, even for a multi-piece mold. This point is also a feature that is not present in the prior art.

In addition, when this method is expanded and expanded, it is possible to create a reduced pressure structure that generates a reduced pressure distribution with higher accuracy by using the compressed air partially in combination with the pressure reduction by suction alone. . This will be described in means 3.

The pressure reduction distribution means the distribution of the degree of pressure reduction at each location in the entire cage-type cavity, and the pressure reduction gradient means simply the difference in the degree of pressure reduction between the two locations. Therefore, the pressure reduction distribution described in the present invention expresses the pressure distribution of the wedge-shaped cavity more accurately than the pressure reduction gradient. In the prior art, only the pressure reduction gradient of the vertical cavity cavity is described, and the disclosure document described in the pressure reduction distribution is not! /.

As described above, in the overall depressurization, a highly accurate depressurization distribution is created by utilizing the partial depressurization action formed by providing a plurality of appropriate venting holes corresponding to the wedge-shaped cavity and depressurizing. Provided a reduced pressure construction method. Details will be described in the fourth embodiment.

(Method 3)

At least one outer surface of the breathable wedge is provided with a plurality of air holes directed to the inner surface of the wedge, and a plurality of air vents are individually supplied to the plurality of air vents so that the inside of the wedge is inhaled. A partial pressure reduction zone is formed around each of the plurality of vent holes, and a predetermined pressure distribution is created in the air-permeable wedge-shaped cavity to pour the molten metal.

The present means provides a reduced pressure forging method in which a predetermined reduced pressure distribution is created in the vertical cavity with higher accuracy than that of the means 2.

[0100] In the present means, as in means 2, a plurality of vent holes are provided, and a plurality of suction holes are individually supplied to the plurality of vent holes to create a predetermined pressure reduction gradient with higher accuracy. It is something to drink.

That is, in the means 2, vent holes having a plurality of diameters and different Z or depths are provided to obtain a predetermined depressurization distribution by total pressure reduction of the outer surface of the bowl, but in the present means, each vent hole Apply suction or insufflation separately to make the partial The pressure reduction distribution was obtained. In this method, since the depressurization is controlled by individually suctioning or supplying air to each vent hole, the diameters and depths of the plurality of vent holes may be the same or different.

In addition to suction, in addition to air supply, suction is mainly used because this method is basically based on reduced pressure, but the pressure reduction degree is lowered among a plurality of vent holes (weakened ,) Cavity The air pressure hole or air at atmospheric pressure level is sent to the ventilation hole near one position to reduce the pressure reduction degree actively. Of course, neither suction nor insufflation is applied to the area where the degree of pressure reduction is to be reduced, but the effect of the partial pressure reduction zone around the vent hole is the same as for the other vent holes. As it appears, this part also has a certain degree of pressure reduction. As a countermeasure for this, the degree of pressure reduction is positively reduced by insufflating the area.

[0103] As a result, the portion of the cavity close to the vent hole where strong suction is performed has a high degree of pressure reduction, and the portion of the cavity near the vent hole where air is supplied has a low (weak) degree of pressure. The pressure reduction gradient between the two cavity portions can be made larger. That is, by the suction or air flow rate of each vent hole, the pressure reduction degree corresponding to the partial pressure reduction zone around each vent hole is formed in each part of the wedge-shaped cavity, and the combined pressure reduction distribution of the entire cavity is created. It is As a result, it is possible to create a predetermined pressure reduction distribution with higher accuracy than in the second method, and smooth pouring can be performed with less disturbance of the flow of the molten metal.

Vent hole force As a method of suctioning or supplying air individually, a plurality of decompression boxes are abutted corresponding to a plurality of ventilation holes on the outer surface of the bowl shape, and a suction port and an air supply port are provided in the decompression box. The suction port can be in communication with the pressure reducing device through the flow control means, and the air supply port can be in communication with the air compression device through the flow control means. Details will be described in Examples 5 and 6. In this case, since a plurality of pressure reducing boxes, which are suction and air supply devices, are used in contact with the plurality of vent holes provided, in this means, some positioning means for aligning with the position of the vent holes is provided. .

[0105] By means of this measure, it is possible to act more quickly on the fluctuation of the pressure reduction distribution accompanying the start of pouring to create a predetermined pressure reduction distribution, and it is possible to pour in a state where the disturbance of the hot water flow is small.

As described above, by providing a plurality of air vents and suctioning or supplying air to each of them individually. We have provided a vacuum construction method that has a definite partial depressurization effect. Details will be described in Examples 5 and 6.

(Means 4)

At least one outer surface of the breathable wedge is provided with a plurality of air vents directed to the inside of the outer surface force wedge, and all or a portion of the outer surface of the breathable wedge is virtually made of a plurality of wedges. Divided into mold segments, and a plurality of suction segments I are individually supplied to the plurality of wedge-shaped segments to form partial pressure reduction zones around the plurality of vent holes, respectively. The molten metal is poured by creating a reduced pressure distribution.

Also in this method, a plurality of vent holes are provided, and suction or insufflation is individually performed to form a partial decompression zone around each of the plurality of vent holes, and a predetermined decompression distribution is formed in the ventilated wedge-shaped cavity. It is the same as Method 3 to create and pour the molten metal. Also, the diameter and Z or depth of the vent holes do not necessarily have to be as different as the means 3. What differs from measure 3 is how to determine the position where the vent holes are provided and how to determine the position where suction or air is supplied separately.

In means 3, the plurality of vent holes are provided at appropriate positions where it is easy to obtain a predetermined reduced pressure distribution in accordance with the wedge-shaped cavity. Also, a plurality of pressure reducing boxes, which are suction and air supply devices for individually suctioning or supplying air, are used in contact with the bowl-shaped surface corresponding to the positions of the plurality of vent holes. Therefore, in order to cope with the construction of a wide variety of products in an actual production line, the drilling device for drilling the vent hole needs some means capable of positioning at any position. In addition, a plurality of decompression boxes, which are suction and air supply devices, also require some means capable of positioning at arbitrary positions. In other words, means 3 requires some positioning means for both the vent hole drilling device and the plurality of decompression boxes, making the device complicated, and the time for positioning is not enough to cope with production tact. In some cases.

In this means, in consideration of this point, the following is taken. First, as to how to determine the position of the vent hole, the whole or a part of the outer surface of the wedge is virtually divided into a plurality of wedge segments, and a plurality of air holes are selected at selected positions among the plurality of wedge segments. Provide Here, “virtually dividing into a plurality of wedge-shaped segments” means “dividing by dividing the wedge-shaped outer surface by a plurality of vertical and horizontal straight lines, for example, with appropriate intervals, as shown in FIG. It means that the set segment is provisionally set. Also, the selected position is the position that is as appropriate as possible in order to obtain a predetermined reduced pressure distribution corresponding to the wedge-shaped cavity. In this case, the perforators of the perforator of the vent holes can be located at all positions of each wedge-shaped segment, and the perforator of the selected position can provide vent holes of a desired depth. The drilling device can then be fixed. Also, since it is necessary to position the drilling device, it is easy to cope with production tact.

The position of the vent hole according to this means is determined by selecting the medium force of a plurality of fixed vertical segments, so that it does not become an arbitrary optimum position as in the case of means 3, so that the vertical shape can be obtained. Slightly inferior to Measure 3 in terms of obtaining a predetermined pressure distribution corresponding to the cavity. However, this point can be brought close to the means 3 by dividing the size of the divided vertical segment into as small a size as possible. In addition, since suction or insufflation is individually performed for all vertical segments, by controlling the amount of suction and the amount of insufflation with high accuracy, a predetermined pressure reduction distribution can be performed with the same or higher accuracy as that of the means 3. Can get

Next, how to determine the position of the device for suction and air supply will be described individually. In this method, a plurality of pressure reduction boxes, which are devices for suctioning and supplying air individually, are arranged at the same positions as the vertical segments set at the time of drilling the air holes. Then, for suction and air supply, regardless of the presence or absence of the vent holes at the positions corresponding to the respective pressure reduction boxes, all the plurality of pressure reduction boxes abut on the outer surface of the bowl. Of course, a plurality of decompression boxes may be connected to form an integral device, and the entire device may be in contact. Alternatively, a plurality of pressure reducing boxes may be separately moved up and down, and only the pressure reducing box at the position where the vent holes are provided may abut. And, for suction or air supply for depressurization, suction or air supply is performed for segments with air holes as well as for segments without air holes as needed. Therefore, predetermined suction pressure distribution can be obtained with higher accuracy by suctioning or feeding air through the vent holes as well as suctioning or feeding the flat bowl-shaped portion without the vent holes.

[0113] By providing a plurality of decompression boxes corresponding to the virtually divided wedge-shaped segments in this manner, it is possible to position the device for individually sucking or feeding air to each wedge-shaped segment to be fitted to each vent hole. The operation is not required and the device is simplified. Also, positioning It is also easy to cope with the production tact, since no time is required.

It should be noted that the reason why the wedge-shaped segments are set to all or a part of one wedge-shaped outer surface is that the whole or the whole of the wedge-shaped outer surface can be covered and the air-tightness becomes easier . However, the pouring mouth

If so, set the template segment to a part of the template that excludes that part. In such a case, the air tightness is secured by covering the portion where the wedge-shaped segment can not be set with an appropriate non-air-permeable member. Alternatively, when some air can be allowed to flow, that part may be open.

Further, in the present means, the vent holes are bored by using a drilling device which can be positioned at an optimum position as in the case of means 3, while a plurality of suction and air feeding devices for individually sucking or feeding air are used. It is also possible to fixedly arrange only the decompression box of the above on a plurality of wedge-shaped segments as described above. In this case, even if the vent holes are provided at offset locations on the outer surface of the wedge, they correspond to any one of the plurality of wedge segments set, and the pressure reduction boxes have the same wedge shape. Being arranged corresponding to the segments, the plurality of vent holes communicate with any of the plurality of pressure reducing boxes, so that suction or air pressure can be reduced through the vent holes.

As described above, the outer surface of the bowl is virtually divided into bowl-shaped segments, and a plurality of vent holes are provided corresponding to the bowl-shaped segments and individually provided with a suction bow I or a feeding bow. The remarkable effects as described above can be obtained by providing a plurality of depressurizing boxes to be used corresponding to each wedge-shaped segment. That is, the venting device for the vent and the device for individually aspirating or ventilating can be fixed without requiring positioning, which is greatly simplified. In addition, since the positioning operation is unnecessary, production tact can be easily coped with. These effects are important in terms of practicality when applied to actual production lines where high speed is strongly required.

The same action and effect can be obtained even if suction or insufflation is performed from the lower or side part of the bowl. Of course, if the pressure is reduced from a plurality of surfaces, the force that can obtain the desired pressure reduction gradient with higher accuracy can be obtained.

As an example of a specific suction or insufflation method, a plurality of decompression boxes are connected side by side and placed on the outer surface of the bowl, and the plurality of decompression boxes are provided with a suction port and an air supply port. , Suction This can be achieved by connecting the port to the pressure reducing device through the flow control means, and connecting the air supply port to the air compression device through the flow control means.

In addition, according to the present means, even when the vent hole is not necessarily provided in the bowl type as a special case, substantially the same action and effect can be obtained. The reason is that means 3 sucks or supplies air only at a position where the vent hole is in contact with the decompression box, and the other part of the outer surface of the bowl is enclosed in a chamber or the like that can be opened or totally sealed. It is in a state of total pressure reduction. That is, the creation of the decompression distribution of the vertical cavity is performed only at the position of the vent hole. On the other hand, in this method, since a plurality of pressure reducing boxes are arranged on all the wedge-shaped segments, these pressure reducing boxes cover almost the entire surface of the wedge-shaped outer surface, It can be divided and suctioned or delivered with high precision. Therefore, even if there is no vent hole, it is possible to generate a wedge-like cavity with a given reduced pressure distribution ^ ilj.

[0120] As described above, the perforation means of the vent hole and the apparatus of the plurality of pressure reduction boxes for suctioning and supplying air individually are greatly simplified by this means, and the positioning becomes unnecessary. It becomes easy to cope with it. Therefore, it becomes extremely easy to apply the present invention to a continuous line capable of actual high efficiency production. In addition, since a plurality of decompression boxes corresponding to each segment cover the whole or a part of one outer surface of the bowl and suction or supply air individually, creation of the decompression distribution of the bowl-shaped cavity is performed with extremely high accuracy. be able to. Details are described in Examples 7 and 8.

(Measure 5)

In the casting method in which a molten metal having a specific weight γ is poured into the air-permeable mold, at least the melt of the air-permeable mold cavity is filled with the desired degree of pressure reduction of the cavity part to the desired cavity part. The inflow force of the molten metal The negative pressure of a value greater than the absolute value of the static metal pressure yH determined by the height to the top of the desired cavity portion is set to a negative pressure value or more, and the volume of the desired cavity portion is approximately equal. The reduced pressure casting method is characterized in that the molten metal is poured, and the molten metal is filled and solidified substantially only in the desired cavity portion.

In this method, a reduced pressure construction method is provided in which the molten metal is filled only in the desired pot-shaped cavity portion.

[0123] A typical boat-shaped cavity generally comprises a product section, a pouring section, a runner section and a sprue section. It is done. In addition, if necessary, a force may be provided to discharge unnecessary molten metal also as a force portion for discharging the product portion force. Here, to simplify the explanation, the basic product portion, the pouring portion, etc. It is assumed that the runner section and the mouth section are configured.

[0124] In the case of the non-depressurized general construction method which is equal to the reduced-pressure construction method alone, pouring is completed by filling these four cavity parts. Then, after solidification is completed, only the necessary product parts of these four parts are separated and taken out, and finishing is carried out to make a final product.

That is, the pouring section, the runner section and the sprue section excluding the product section are finally separated from the product as unnecessary parts, and again subjected to remelting as a return material. Among the unnecessary parts, the pouring section is necessary in the solidification process to compensate for the soundness of the product section. The runners and gates are only necessary for filling the cavity during pouring. It is.

In addition, in the case of molten iron precipitates and the like, graphite crystallizes in the solidification process and volume expansion occurs, so that a part of the contraction of the molten metal is compensated, and under certain conditions, the soundness is high without pouring. It is powerful to be able to forge gifts. That is, there is also a case where the hot water is not necessary.

[0127] As described above, in any of the conventional fabrication methods, in order to make the intended product originally intended, the molten metal is also filled in the unnecessary pouring section, runner section and pouring section in the end. It is in the process of pouring. This is extremely unreasonable. On the other hand, if it is possible to fill the molten metal only in the product part or only the necessary desired cavity parts such as the product part and the pouring part by any method that makes the characteristics of the vacuum construction method live, the injection yield will be greatly improved. Of course, it is also possible to greatly simplify the post-process such as opening the frame and finishing.

Therefore, the present means provides a method of filling a molten metal only in a desired cavity portion, for example, a product portion and a pouring portion, or only a product portion, by utilizing the features of the reduced pressure forming method.

In this method, when pouring a molten metal having a specific weight γ, the degree of pressure reduction of at least a desired cavity portion to be filled with the molten metal, for example, the product portion and the pouring portion, is the molten metal to the desired cavity portion. The inflow force The height of the topmost part The static pressure of the molten metal determined by Η The negative pressure is a value more than the absolute value of Η.

Then, the volume of the molten metal having a volume substantially equal to that of the volume of the desired cavity portion is filled. In the present invention, approximately equal volume is equal to the volume of the desired cavity portion. V, or slightly larger volume means. This means that the volume of the desired cavity portion also varies depending on the change in the properties of the mold material, such as the change in water content, due to the degree of adhesion between the upper and lower molds, and the degree to which the cavity expands varies with the filling of the molten metal. It means that things should be decided in consideration of the problem. It is desirable to pour a slightly larger volume of hot water to compensate for fluctuations.

Then, at least the desired cavity portion has a pressure reduction degree equal to or higher than the absolute value of the static metal pressure y H, the molten metal may be drawn to the top of the desired cavity portion to fill the desired cavity portion. it can. The molten metal has a volume to fill this cavity portion! /, So the spout portion and runner portion of the other portion will not be filled.

Even in this state, if the degree of pressure reduction is lower than γ, naturally the molten metal in the product part of the desired cavity part and the pouring part flows out to the other cavity parts and partially fills the entire cavity at a certain height level. It becomes a state and the purpose can not be achieved.

However, by keeping the degree of reduced pressure at or above γΗ in a state of being filled in the desired cavity portion, solidification of the molten metal proceeds while being fixed to the desired cavity portion. Then, if the reduced pressure is maintained until at least the boundary between the desired cavity portion and the other cavity portion, that is, the end of the molten metal filled on the squeeze side solidifies and does not flow, finally the desired state is obtained. Construction can be completed with the melt filled only in the cavity area. In this method, solidification means that 100% of the tissue becomes a solid phase, meaning that the molten metal does not flow out even if the pressure reduction is stopped due to the appearance of a certain percentage of the solid phase. It is.

As a result, there is no molten metal in unnecessary sprue parts and runner parts, and it is possible to obtain a fabricated product in which the molten metal is filled only in the product part and the pouring part filled as necessary.

[0135] Further, in the case of the iron and steel product, as described above, the pouring bath may not be necessary under some conditions, and in this case, it is proposed that no pouring bath and only the desired part be filled with the product part. It can be set as a part.

According to the above, the sprue part, the runner part, and in some cases the feeder part, which are conventionally considered to be essential for obtaining a glazed product, and in some cases the feeder part also has a cavity part, but the molten metal is not filled. It is possible to obtain a forged product in which the molten metal is filled only in the pouring portion or the product portion. As a result, the injection yield, which indicates the ratio of the product weight to the total pouring weight, is significantly improved. If this is estimated at a general level, it is estimated that about 50 to 60% will be 80% or more by this method and 80% or more by the product part alone if this method is not used. Can produce extremely large effects.

Furthermore, since there is no unnecessary part even in the unframe step after solidification and cooling are completed, it becomes extremely easy to separate and take out the product, resulting in a great reduction of man-hours or process omission. is there.

The degree of pressure reduction is a value of γΗ or more. However, since γ is a specific weight, it has a unit of kgfZ cm ³ , and H has a height, so the unit is cm. That is, γ 意味 means pressure in kgfZ cm ² units. That is, γ Η is a pressure corresponding to the static pressure of the molten metal up to the top of the molten metal flowing into the desired cavity portion. If the desired cavity portion is maintained at a further negative pressure, i.e., the degree of pressure reduction, the molten metal can be maintained at the level of height.

The configuration of this means will be described in more detail. First, at least the desired cavity has a degree of pressure reduction equal to or greater than the absolute value of the static pressure y of the molten metal. What should be noted is that even if the pressure reduction state is created before pouring, pouring starts At the same time, the degree of pressure reduction changes at the sprue, so that the effect on the desired cavity also has some effect, and the degree of pressure reduction of that portion also changes. Therefore, it is necessary to predict this change and to set the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion to γΗ or more during and after pouring. In practice, since the desired cavity is filled with the molten metal after pouring, the pressure of the desired cavity means exactly the degree of pressure reduction in the mold around the desired cavity. It will

Next, this means is applicable to both total pressure reduction and partial pressure reduction. First, for the case of application to the overall depressurization, the wedge type can be used with the wedge type having the vent hole of the present invention and V, which does not have the vent hole, and a normal wedge type. In the case of V, even in the case of deviation, it is necessary to keep at least the desired cavity portion at a degree of pressure reduction of γ 上 or more, taking into consideration the change in pressure reduction associated with the start of pouring as described in means 2. In this respect, the wedge-shaped cavity provided with the air vent creates the pressure distribution of the wedge-shaped cavity with high accuracy, so it is easy to handle. In the case of a bowl without air holes, in order to cope with changes in pressure reduction, partial pressure reduction may be used in combination. Desirable to carry out specific pressure reduction control.

[0142] Next, partial depressurization in which the desired cavity portion is depressurized intensively can be applied to this means. At that time, it is desirable to cover the other parts with a non-air-permeable member to increase the degree of pressure reduction. Partial pressure reduction is more stable than total pressure reduction for filling the molten metal only in the desired cavity area.

Note that this method can be realized by creating a predetermined pressure reduction distribution in the cavity portion of each product by applying the means 2 to 4 in the construction of a plurality of cells. In this case, when pouring water, the total volume of a plurality of desired cavity portions is poured. In the case of multiple loading, since the pouring gate branches into a plurality of runners, distribution of the molten metal can be equally performed. It is necessary to devise a runner system. If the accuracy of the even distribution is insufficient, the method can be implemented by pouring a larger volume of molten metal slightly more than the sum of the volumes of the desired cavity portions.

In this method, the time to wait for solidification after pouring is a loss time in terms of process tact, so it is a factor to be as short as possible. The solution will be described later by means 13 to 15 for this.

To summarize the above, the present method can achieve extremely high implantation yield and greatly simplify the unframed process. In addition, the features of this method are as follows in comparison with the conventional pressure reduction method. (1) The degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion was defined as an appropriate value of γΗ or more. (2) The molten metal having a volume substantially equal to that of the desired cavity portion is poured. (3) After pouring, maintain the reduced pressure until coagulation. Details will be described in Example 10.

(Method 6)

In the pressure reduction structure method described in means 5, the molten metal was filled! /, The degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion is a negative pressure state having a value equal to or more than the absolute value of the molten metal static pressure y H, and the other cavities It is a reduced pressure construction method characterized by being higher than the degree of pressure reduction of the tea portion.

This means is substantially the same as the means 5 in that the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion is a negative pressure state equal to or higher than the absolute value of the static metal pressure y H and is higher than the other cavity portions.

As described in means 5, the pressure reduction degree change generated near the sprue with the start of pouring is as follows: It also appears as a change in degree of pressure reduction in the desired cavity portion. Therefore, in this method, even if the degree of pressure reduction changes with the start of pouring, the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion can be maintained so that the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion can be maintained over γ. It is higher than the part.

[0149] By this means, since the pressure reduction distribution near the mouth where the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity part is high is low, the change in pressure reduction upon pouring of water is small and the recovery action is large. Stable pouring is possible. Details will be described in Example 9.

(Measure 7)

In the casting method of pouring molten metal of specific weight _に into air-permeable mold, the molten metal is _{filled with} the molten metal in the air-permeable キ -shaped cavity, and the molten metal is poured in a volume approximately equal to the volume of the desired cavity portion. After the start, the pressure reduction degree of the desired cavity portion filled with at least the melt in the air-permeable cage-like cavity is determined by the flow rate of the melt into the desired cavity portion. The height to the top of the desired cavity portion It is a negative pressure state in which the absolute value of the molten metal static pressure γ determined by the crucible is equal to or more than the absolute value, and the molten metal is filled and solidified only in a substantially desired cavity portion.

This means is similar to means 5 and 6, but with this means first pouring of molten metal having a volume approximately equal to the volume of the desired cavity portion is started, and then the pressure is reduced to reduce the desired cavity portion only. Provide a vacuum construction method for filling the molten metal in the

According to this method, the molten metal having a volume substantially equal to or slightly larger than the volume of the desired cavity portion is first started without pressure reduction before the start of pouring. Thereafter, the pressure is reduced at an appropriate timing, and at least the desired cavity portion is made negative pressure equal to or more than the molten metal static pressure y, so that the molten metal filled in the portion other than the desired cavity portion is sucked to the desired cavity portion. It is made to fill.

Then, in the same manner as in the means 5 and 6, this pressure reduction degree is maintained until the boundary is solidified and the molten metal does not flow. By force, this means also allows the filling of the melt to only a portion of the desired cavity, as in means 5 and 6.

The present means provides a remedy for the change in pressure reduction associated with the start of pouring which is caused by the pressure reduction before pouring in the means 5 and 6. That is, the features of this means Do not depressurize before pouring, and start depressurization after the molten metal enters the cavity.

[0155] As a result, no large change in the degree of pressure reduction of the vertical cavity occurs with the start of pouring, and pouring is performed gently, and thereafter the pressure is reduced and the poured molten metal is suctioned, and the final The molten metal is filled only in the desired cavity.

[0156] The ability of the molten metal to be filled with the cavity without the pressure reduction change caused by the start of pouring means that the danger of the molten metal, which is likely to occur at the initial stage of pouring, and the risk of gas entrainment, etc. It means that it can be reduced. Therefore, the conditions which can prevent the defects peculiar to the decompression forging method are the order and simplicity.

In this means, the timing at which pressure reduction is started and the rate of increase in pressure reduction are important. Initiate decompression as soon as possible after pouring, and make sure that filling of the desired cavity area is completed with as slow as possible a force decompression rate. The timing to start depressurization does not necessarily have to wait for the solution to stop. Depressurization can be started at an appropriate timing according to the product shape and cavity shape. In the case of pressure conditions, temperature of the molten metal, oxidation resistance, etc., it is possible to pour the molten metal once after making it stand still and depressurizing it so as to fill only the desired cavity portion.

Although filling of the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion can be performed by this means or means 5 and 6, whether the molten metal is suitable or whether the molten metal tends to be oxidized, or which one is appropriate Judge according to the degree of superheat of molten water, etc. and use it. Details will be described in Example 15.

[Means 8]

In the vacuum forming method according to any one of means 5 to 7, at least one outer surface of the breathable wedge is provided with a plurality of venting holes different in diameter and Z or depth from the outer surface toward the inside of the wedge. A partial pressure reduction zone is formed around each of the plurality of vent holes in the mold, and a predetermined pressure-reduced distribution is created in the breathable mold cavity. It is a pressure reduction method of construction characterized by pouring a molten metal.

In this method, the pressure reduction method using the plurality of vent holes of the means 2 is employed in order to fill the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion in the pressure reduction structure method described in any one of the means 5 to 7 and any one of them. Apply It is By forming a plurality of partial pressure reduction zones by a plurality of vent holes to create a highly accurate predetermined pressure distribution, the filling of the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion becomes easier. Details are described in Examples 9, 13 and 14.

(Measure 9)

In the reduced pressure method according to any one of means 5 to 7, at least one outer surface of the air-permeable cage is provided with a plurality of air vents directed to the inside of the outer surface of the cylinder, and the plurality of air passages are formed. Separately create a partial pressure reduction zone around a plurality of air vents in the mold, by suctioning I individually or by supplying air to the hole, and creating a predetermined pressure distribution in the air-permeable mold cavity to dissolve it. It is a decompression construction method characterized by pouring hot water.

[0162] In this method, in the vacuum structure method described in any of the means 5 to 7 and any one of the vent holes of the means 3 for filling the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion, V, individually Suction or insufflation was applied. This creates a more accurate reduced pressure distribution and further facilitates the filling of the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion. Details will be described in Example 11.

(Measure 10)

In the reduced pressure method according to any one of means 5 to 7, at least one outer surface of the breathable wedge is provided with a plurality of air vents extending from the outer surface toward the inside of the wedge, and the outer surface of the breathable wedge is provided. The whole or a part of the surface is virtually divided into a plurality of wedge-shaped segments, and the plurality of wedge-shaped segments are individually suctioned or insufflated to supply partial decompression zones around the plurality of vent holes. It is a reduced pressure construction method characterized by forming and pouring a molten metal by creating a predetermined pressure reduction distribution in the breathable cage-type cavity.

In this method, in the vacuum structure method described in any of the means 5 to 7 and any one of the vent holes and the means 4 virtually provided for filling the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion. In this case, a suction bow I or an air pressure reduction method was separately applied using a type segment. As a result, a highly accurate decompression distribution can be created by the plurality of wedge-shaped segments, and filling of the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion becomes easy. Details are described in Example 12.

(Means 11)

By means of the reduced pressure method as described in Means 5 to 10, molten metal was filled! /, Desired In the vicinity of the boundary between the cavity part and the other cavity part, a ventilation sealing member that has a permeability lower than that of non-air permeability or weir type and that loses or melts due to the heat of the molten metal is installed. It is a pressure reduction method characterized in that molten metal is poured while depressurizing the mold.

[0166] In this method, in the decompression forging method described in Measures 5 to 10, in order to stably increase the degree of vacuum of a desired cavity portion, the air permeability is lower in the vicinity of the boundary than in the non-air-permeable state or the cage type. In addition, a vented sealing member that disappears or melts due to the heat of the molten metal is installed to perform a bowl-shaped depressurization.

The air-permeable sealing member uses, for example, a non-air-permeable material such as a resin material or a metal material and a material which disappears or melts due to the heat of the molten metal. In addition, it may be a material having air permeability lower than that of a cocoon, such as cloth and paper.

The position at which the vent sealing member is disposed is in the vicinity of the boundary, but the position may be appropriately changed to the gate side or the product side. The important point is that the vent sealing member separates the desired cavity portion from the other cavity portion at the time of pressure reduction.

Disappearing or melting means that the melting point is lower than the temperature of the molten metal. Do not generate harmful gases, etc., and if the residue is residual, please do!

[0170] The action and effect of the vent sealing member of this means is, in part, to quickly and stably maintain the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion prior to pouring, and the other is to the vicinity of the sprue at the start of pouring. The reduction in pressure does not affect the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity at least until the molten metal reaches the aeration sealing member. As a result, it is possible to stably maintain the degree of pressure reduction of a desired portion of the cavity at Ί H or more. Details will be described in Example 16.

(Measure 12)

In the reduced pressure structure method as described in Means 11, the time-lapse sealing member is in contact with the molten metal, and the time until disappearance or melting is 2 seconds or more and 5 seconds or less.

In this means, after the air-permeable sealing member used in the means 11 comes in contact with the molten metal, a member having a time until disappearance or melting of 2 seconds or more and 5 seconds or less is used.

[0173] As described above, this meaning is that the degree of pressure reduction is large when pouring water is started. Since it changes, in order to prevent the influence, the molten metal is allowed to stand still for 2 seconds to 5 seconds with the molten metal filling the portion other than the desired cavity portion, and then the vent sealing member After disappearance or melting, it is made to flow into the desired cavity which has been gently depressurized to γ 静か.

[0174] Thus, even if the molten metal is poured into the mold, which has been depressurized at first, the influence of the pressure reduction change received by the molten metal upon the start of pouring is restored to the static pressure state by stopping the molten metal once. One function is to be able to gently fill the desired cavity portion. Another effect is to float and separate inclusions and gases in the melt during this time by making the melt stationary. The reason for setting the time until the vent sealing member disappears to be 2 seconds or more is to take time for recovery of this static pressure state and floating of inclusions and gas. Also, the reason for setting the time to 5 seconds or less is that if it is longer than this time, the meltability deteriorates due to the temperature decrease of the molten metal, and an oxide is generated due to the oxidation of the molten metal. Details will be described in Example 17.

(Method 13)

Measures 5 to 12 In the decompression construction method described in any one of the above, the molten metal was filled! / A fireproof having a specific gravity smaller than that of the molten metal in the vicinity of the boundary between the desired cavity part and the other cavity parts A melt blocking member made of a material is placed in a recess provided at the lower part of the cavity near the boundary, and after pouring is completed, the melt blocking member floats up by buoyancy to block the melt near the boundary. It is a reduced pressure construction method.

[0176] In this method, a molten metal blocking member made of a refractory material with a specific gravity smaller than that of the molten metal is installed in the recess provided in the lower part of the cavity near the boundary, and the molten metal blocking member It floats by buoyancy and cuts off the molten metal near the boundary.

The melt blocking member is provided to shorten the reduced pressure holding time until the boundary reaches solidify and does not flow out after the melt is completely filled in the desired cavity portion.

That is, the molten metal blocking member is disposed in the recess in the lower part of the cavity so as not to prevent the flow of the molten metal during pouring, and floats by buoyancy after the pouring is completed, and blocks the part. By this, after the desired cavity part is filled with the molten metal, the reduced pressure is reduced. Even when it is broken or stopped, the static pressure of the molten metal in the γ crucible pushes this molten metal blocking member to make it adhere closely to the wedge shape, and prevents the molten metal from flowing out.

Even if the melt blocking member can not completely stop depressurization immediately after the completion of pouring, the molten metal solidifies rapidly by coming into contact with the melt blocking member to form a skin, and the depressurization holding time is maintained. Can be significantly shortened.

[0180] The solidification speed can be increased by using a material with the largest possible heat capacity for this melt blocking member. For example, if you use zircon sand, which has a higher specific gravity than ordinary silica sand, it is possible to accelerate the solidification rate to about twice.

As described above, by installing the molten metal blocking member, the reduced pressure holding time of the molten metal charged in the desired cavity can be shortened. Details are described in Example 18.

(Means 14)

Measure 5 to 10 According to the pressure reduction method as described in any one of the following, the molten metal was filled! /, The recess formed in the lower part of the cavity near the boundary between the desired cavity part and the other cavity part was not An air-sealed sealing member which has an air permeability lower than that of air-permeable or weir-type and which disappears or melts due to the heat of molten metal and a molten metal blocking member made of a refractory material smaller in specific gravity than molten metal are integrated. It is a reduced pressure structure method characterized in that a molten metal is poured while setting a sealing and blocking member and performing pressure reduction of a bowl shape.

[0183] In the present means, in the reduced pressure forging method of means 5 to 10, a vent sealing member in the forging method of means 11 and 12 used for efficiently increasing the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion, and means A sealing and blocking member integrally provided with a molten metal blocking member used in the reduced pressure forming method of 13 was placed near the boundary.

That is, for example, the upper portion is used as a flow-through sealing member, and the lower portion is installed as a molten metal blocking member in a recess near the boundary portion. Then, the aeration sealing member seals the aeration during depressurization to stably increase the pressure reduction of the desired cavity, and the molten metal blocking member acts to rise after pouring and to shut off the boundary approach.

[0185] As described above, since both members are integrated, it is possible to perform both functions of vent sealing and runner blocking only by installing a member having two functions in the recess. In this way Installation of members necessary for air sealing and runner blocking becomes easy. Details are described in Example 19.

(Means 15)

Means 5 to 14 According to the decompression construction method described in any one of the following, from the outer surface of the air-permeable mold, toward the boundary between the desired cavity part and the other cavity part to be filled with molten water. A vent hole and a Z or cooling hole are provided, and after pouring is completed, coagulation in the vicinity of the boundary is promoted by suctioning or supplying air from the vent hole and Z or cooling hole. Reduced pressure construction method.

In this means, in order to rapidly solidify the molten metal charged in the desired cavity for the same purpose as in the means 13, the vent holes and the Z or cooling holes are provided in the vicinity of the boundary, and after pouring is completed Provide vacuum construction that promotes solidification near the boundary by drawing or ventilating holes and holes or cooling holes.

[0188] The vent holes and the Z or cooling holes are provided from the outer surface of the wedge toward the vicinity of the boundary or in the vicinity of the vicinity of the boundary. The vent holes are used for depressurization, and the cooling holes are used for cooling. The vent holes and the cooling holes may be provided separately or may be combined. If the diameter of the vent holes and cooling holes is as large as possible, and if the depth is as deep as possible without penetrating the cavity near the boundary, the cooling effect by suction or air supply will be greater.

Note that cooling is performed by suction or air supply, but if compressed air can be supplied, a large amount of air can be supplied per unit time, and therefore the time to coagulation can be shortened.

[0190] Further, when used in combination with the molten metal blocking member of the means 13, solidification in the vicinity of the boundary can be completed more quickly than in the individual means.

[0191] The present means and means 13 make it possible to quickly solidify the vicinity of the boundary after pouring is completed, and the reduced pressure holding time can be shortened, and the molten metal is filled only in the desired cavity portion. Can be enhanced. Details will be described in Example 20.

(Mean 16)

In any one of the first through fifteenth aspects of the present invention, the air-flowing hole communicating from the outer surface of the air-permeable cage to the core wood portion of the core set in the cage and the mating surface of the Z or the cage. To supply molten metal while supplying compressed air to the air supply hole. It is a crush making method.

In general, in the reduced pressure construction method, there is a problem that the molten metal infiltrates into the gap between the core base wood part and the upper and lower mold mating surfaces by the pressure reduction of the cavity, so that burrs are easily generated. In particular, core base wood has a large base wood clearance, and it tends to occur when the core set is offset. This method is intended to provide a reduced pressure structure method with measures against burrs generated in the gap between the bowls.

[0194] In this method, an air supply hole communicating with the core wood part of the core set in the mold and the Z or upper and lower mold mating surfaces is provided from the outer surface of the air-permeable rattan shape, and the air supply hole The supply of compressed air prevents the infiltration of the molten metal into the gap.

The operation will be described. In the normal decompression construction method, all parts of the cavity are depressurized, so that the molten metal is easily sucked into the gaps between the core base wood part and the cocoon mating surface. On the other hand, compressed air is supplied to this part so that the gap does not have a negative pressure, and by blowing compressed air into the clearance force cavity, it seems that positive intrusion of the molten metal is positively stopped as a positive pressure state. It is to

[0196] The driving force of the molten metal entering the gap is the sum of the pressure and the degree of pressure reduction due to the static pressure of the molten metal. Therefore, if the positive pressure is supplied more than this to exert the force to prevent infiltration, the infiltration of the molten metal can be prevented. In addition, the front end of the molten metal is cooled by the cooling action of the compressed air, the fluidity of the molten metal is reduced, and the molten metal intrudes into the gap.

[0197] If the pressure of the compressed air is too large, air will be entrained in the molten metal in the cavity, causing a defect in the structure, so suction absorption due to pressure reduction will be eliminated and a moderate positive pressure that overcomes the static metal pressure. Do.

[0198] By this means, it is possible to prevent the generation of the solder in the reduced pressure forging method. As a result, in combination with the desired cavity portion only, which is obtained by means 5 to 10, a structure with little or no burrs is obtained, and the finishing work in the later steps is significantly reduced. It is. Details are described in Example 21.

[0199] (Means 17)

Means 1 to 16 In the decompression construction method as described in any one of the first to 16th aspects, when pouring molten molten iron, the pouring temperature is set to 1300 ° C. or less. . [0200] In this method, when pouring molten molten iron, which may be able to produce a healthy bowl without a feeder due to the expansion of the graphite during solidification, this pressure reduction ensures that the feeder does not have a basin. Provide forgery.

[0201] In general, since the decompression construction method is a hot-water flow method, a force that should be able to be filled at a lower temperature than the normal non-decompression construction method and be able to sufficiently fill the pot-shaped cavity. It is the present condition that pouring is performed at the same temperature. Therefore, we overlook the major cost reduction factor.

Therefore, since a stable molten metal flow without disturbance of the molten metal was obtained during pouring by means of the decompression construction method of means 1 to 14, there is little risk of defective pouring and gas defects even if the pouring temperature is lowered. Since the filling of the molten metal became possible in the condition, the pouring temperature was lowered. That is, in the case of the iron and steel product, the pouring temperature is generally 1400 ° C. to 1450 ° C. and is 1300 ° C. or less in the reduced pressure fabrication method of this method.

[0203] The effect of this low pouring temperature can be clearly seen by the balance calculation of contraction and expansion during solidification as follows. In the case of a molten spherical graphite-stearate with a CE value of about 4.5, the liquid shrinks (shown as a negative value) from the molten state at the pouring temperature to about 1150 ° C., which is the eutectic solidification point. The value is about 1.5% at 100 ° C. That is, the pouring at 1400 is (1400-1150) x (1-1.5), 100 =-3.75%. 1300. In pouring in C, it is (1300-1150) X (1.5) ZlOO =-2.25%. That is, by decreasing the pouring temperature by 100 ° C., the liquid shrinkage can be reduced by 1.5%.

On the other hand, in the case of pig iron, expansion of about 6.00% by graphite crystallization and contraction of about 3.30% by austenite crystallization occur with eutectic solidification.

[0205] When the sum of contraction and expansion is completely added, in the case of pouring at 1400 ° C-3.75% + 6.00%-3.

30% =-1.05%. That is, the contraction is 1.05%. In other words, the waste products department means that the hollow defects will remain unless some kind of molten metal supply. Thus, at normal pouring temperatures, a feeder for compensating for this contraction is necessary.

Next, let us calculate the case of pouring at 1300 ° C. by this method. In this case, 2.25% + 6.0 0%-3.30% = + 0.45%. That is, the expansion is 0.45%. In other words, waste products are not supplied with any molten metal, but no sinks are generated, which means that they are healthy without pouring. It is possible that forgeries can be made that will make it possible.

Since the above calculation of contraction and expansion is simply calculated based on contraction and expansion of only the molten metal, in actual construction, the above-mentioned calculation is carried out according to the shape of the bowl-shaped expanded product or the like. It does not become. The fact that lowering the normal 1400 to 1450 ° C pouring temperature to 1300 ° C or less has the same effect as replenishing the liquid shrinkage for 1.5 to 2.25% or more. It is extremely important for the production of a nest-free and healthy bowl. The lower limit of the pouring temperature depends on the material, shape and size of the material, but can be up to about 1250 ° C.

[0208] As described above, after creating an appropriate depressurization distribution and realizing a stable water flow, the pouring temperature is reduced to 1300 ° C or less, which is the usual 1400 to 1450 ° C pressure, or the like. As it becomes possible to construct a healthy bowl without pouring water, it is sufficient to fill the molten metal only in the product section as the desired desired cavity part, which leads to significant savings in molten metal. Also, the absence of a feeder means that the product can be added to the space where the feeder has been placed, resulting in a higher injection yield. In addition, the fact that the pouring temperature can be lowered compared to the conventional method means that the melting temperature can be lowered by the temperature corresponding to it, and therefore the cost of melting will be significantly reduced. Details are described in Example 22.

(Measure 18)

In the decompression structure method described in any one of means 3, 4 and 9 to 17, a plurality of vent holes, cooling holes and wedge segments provided from the outer surface to the inside of the air-permeable wedge after pouring. It is a reduced pressure structure method characterized by controlling the flow rate of a gas body sucked or fed through each part to advance a desired site force of the filled solution sequentially to coagulate.

In this method, a decompression structure method in which cooling is controlled after pouring is provided by using the decompression means used at the time of pouring as it is.

[0211] In a normal reduced pressure construction method, after pouring is complete, either the force to stop the pressure reduction or simply continuing the suction is used. In other words, cooling control after pouring is not performed at all. In this method, cooling is controlled by actively performing suction or insufflation using the vent holes, cooling holes, and wedge-shaped wedge segments (hereinafter referred to as vent holes) used for depressurization. Let the coagulation proceed from the site sequentially.

That is, strong suction or air supply is performed to a vent hole or the like of a portion to be solidified quickly, The clotting proceeds faster than the part. Also, apply weak suction or air supply to the ventilation holes of the part that you want to solidify slowly, or neither suction nor air supply. In this way, it is possible to control the solidification order of each part.

In this case, the suction or air supply strength of each ventilation hole is determined in consideration of the position, size, and depth of the ventilation hole or the like. This is another reason for changing the position, size, and depth when drilling vent holes and the like.

[0214] The flow rate of suction or insufflation of each vent hole in the cooling process after pouring is different from that for suction or insufflation at the time of depressurization. That is, the vent holes etc. which performed strong suction or air supply at the time of depressurization do not necessarily perform strong suction or air supply after pouring. Since the purpose of suction or insufflation after pouring is to create a desirable solidification sequence by cooling, strong suction or insufflation is carried out in the vent holes of parts which are solidified quickly.

Also, at the time of perforating the bowl shape, the vent holes used for depressurization and the vent holes used for cooling and the Z or cooling holes are separately bored, and the vent holes for depressurization are used at the time of depressurization. It is possible to carry out decompression and cooling extremely efficiently by using the vent holes and Z or cooling holes for retrofitting.

In the suction and insufflation, since a large amount of insufflation can be performed by using the compressed air which is higher in the insufflation, the cooling can be performed at a higher speed than the insufflation.

[0217] By this means, it becomes possible to advance the solidification of the desired cavity part that is desired to be solidified quickly. For example, the isolated thick part where shrinkage is likely to remain is preferentially solidified to reduce shrinkage. It can be done.

Further, so-called directional solidification is also possible, in which solidification is sequentially performed from one end of the product to the feeder side or the gate side. By this directional solidification, the shrinkage deficiency will be replenished sequentially, and the condition that the soundness of the product can be easily secured can be obtained even if the hot water supply of the feeder is small or not.

[0219] As a method of sequentially solidifying such a desired site force, it has been a conventional method of locally cooling by chiller (cold metal), and sufficient directional solidification has not been obtained.

[0220] By means of this method, desired site force sequential solidification can be performed in a highly accurately controlled state, and the soundness of the product is significantly improved. Also, it is possible to forge a healthy bowl without pouring water Sex can also be greatly enhanced. This is an effect obtained by providing a plurality of air holes or the like having different diameters and depths at arbitrary positions and performing suction or air supply from each air vent. Details will be described in Example 23.

[Means 19]

In the reduced pressure method according to any one of Means 3 and 4 and Means 9 to 17, each gaseous substance sucked and discharged from each part such as a plurality of ventilating vent holes, cooling holes, and wedge shaped segments after pouring. Based on the temperature or temperature and flow rate data, estimate the cooling condition of the molten metal filled in the air-permeable cage, and control the suction flow and Z or air flow to each part of the air-permeable cage. It is a decompression structure method characterized in that the cooling state of the molten metal is controlled by

[0222] In the present means, following to the means 18, a reduced pressure forging method for performing coagulation control with high accuracy is provided. That is, the cooling state of the molten metal filled is estimated based on the temperature or temperature and flow rate data of the gas sucked and discharged from each vertical air hole or the like, and suction or air pressure for each air hole or the like is estimated based on the result. This is a reduced pressure construction method in which the cooling condition of the molten metal is controlled by controlling the flow rate of air supply.

[0223] The gas used for the present means is both one that sucks at the time of depressurization and one that sucks at the cooling process after pouring. It is possible to estimate the solidification state of each part with a certain degree of accuracy only by the temperature of these gas bodies. If the flow rate data is added to this, more accurate estimation is possible.

[0224] In the case of the conventional reduced pressure structure method without suction holes etc., suction is performed from the entire shape of the mold, so the temperature distribution or cooling state of each part of the cavity can be estimated even if the average temperature as a whole is strong. I could not do it.

In this method, it is possible to obtain data on the temperature and flow rate of the gas of each part by providing a plurality of vent holes or the like in the bowl or dividing the bowl outer surface into segments and performing suction individually. However, it has made it possible to apply a cooling control method like this to a reduced pressure construction method. Such a reduced pressure construction method is completely new. As a result, in the prior art, the pressure reduction is stopped after pouring, or simply suction is performed and the cooling is performed uncontrollably in the mold. Force by which the cooling process is controlled with high accuracy as described above. Innovation is made. Detail is This will be described in Example 24.

(Measure 20)

In the reduced pressure method according to any one of means 3 and 4 and means 9 to 18, after pouring, each of suction and discharge from each portion such as the vent holes, the cooling holes and the wedge segments of the air-permeable wedge type described above. Based on the temperature of the gas body or the temperature and flow rate data, the cooling condition of the molten metal filled in the air-permeable cage is estimated, and the suction flow rate and Z or air flow to each part of the air-permeable cage are estimated. Controlling the cooling state of the molten metal by controlling the temperature of the molten metal to adjust the final solidification structure of the filled molten metal.

[0227] In this method, the reduced pressure structure method to which high-precision cooling control is applied is enabled by means 19 of temperature or temperature and flow rate data by means 19, and this is used to make a transformation in the solidification region and the subsequent structural transformation. Control the cooling of the area to provide a vacuum forging method to adjust the final solidified tissue.

For example, in pig iron, the number of graphite grains and austenite grains change depending on the eutectic solidification rate, and the cooling control of the eutectoid transformation region causes the change in pearlite structure and the change in pearlite Z ferrite content ratio, etc. .

Conventional force [0229] Such structure adjustment changes the chemical composition of the molten metal, or solidifies the solid matter once, and reheats and holds it at a predetermined temperature, and then is cooled at a predetermined cooling rate. It was being done.

[0230] In this method, in the cooling process in the mold after the pouring is completed, for example, in the case of pig iron, the eutectic solidification area and Z or the eutectoid transformation area are sucked or supplied using air holes. Cooling control is performed to obtain the same structure as that obtained by conventional adjustment of chemical composition and heat treatment.

As a result, even if molten metal of the same metallurgical component is poured, by controlling the cooling rate by this means, it is possible to obtain a different desired metallographic texture. In other words, it is possible to produce various grades of materials with a small amount of former hot water components, and to bring about a great effect in operation. In addition, heat treatment is also unnecessary, and energy costs can be reduced and processes can be omitted. Details are described in Example 25.

(Means 21) In the reduced pressure method according to any one of means 1 to 20, after pouring, the pouring port or the sprue part is closed with a non-air-permeable member or a low-permeability member more permeable than a pot-shaped member. It is a reduced pressure construction method characterized by performing.

In the reduced pressure construction method, it is important to keep the degree of reduced pressure stable between the state before pouring and the molten metal filling after pouring. However, as described above, since the pouring port or sprue part is opened to the atmosphere as the pouring takes place, the degree of pressure reduction in that part is greatly reduced, and the degree of pressure reduction of the bowl-shaped cavity is also susceptible to change.

The present means provides a forgery method to which the improvement method is added. That is, after pouring, the pouring spout or the sprue portion is decompressed until solidification of the molten metal by closing the pouring sprue or the sprue portion with a non-air-permeable member or a member having lower air permeability than a bowl shape. As a result, the vertical cavity is again in the same sealed state as before pouring, and as a result, the degree of pressure reduction can be kept stable. In addition, the capacity of the pressure reducing device can be reduced.

In particular, in the pressure-reduction structuring method described in any of the means 5 to 15 for filling the molten metal only in the desired cavity, it is necessary to maintain the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity at or above γ H after pouring. This measure is effective. Details are described in Example 26.

(Measure 22)

In any of the vacuum construction methods described in any of the means 1 to 21, the heat of the molten metal is obtained by heat exchange of the gas sucked and discharged from the air-permeable mold in a heat exchanger, and preheating of the crucible or the melting material. It is a forgery system characterized by collecting

[0237] In this method, a forgery system is provided that recovers and uses the heat of the gas sucked and discharged through the process of pouring power cooling.

[0238] In this method, the gas sucked and discharged from the mold is introduced into heat exchange ^ so as to be recovered by heat exchange with another fluid, and the soot or gas is used directly to preheat the melted raw material. Make it recoverable by

[0239] Conventionally, most of the heat possessed by the poured solution is given to the wedge-shaped material, even in the case of the normal pressure-less pressure-reducing or pressure-reducing pressure forming method. Because of this, the template becomes hot, and the process of cooling it with water or air is necessary to reuse it. In addition, high temperature materials also need to be cooled. That is, the heat given to the molten metal in the melting process is not recovered at all. It is finally dissipated in the air. That is, the heat recovery rate of the molten metal is almost zero in any of the present construction methods.

In the reduced pressure structure method of the present invention, since suction and discharge of the gas are continued to control cooling even after the pouring is completed, a considerable portion of the heat of the molten metal is discharged as the heat of this gas. . Therefore, by using this heat through the heat exchanger and Z or directly to preheat the molten raw material, a portion of the heat dissipated in the conventional air can be recovered

[0241] As described above, this method makes it possible to put the whole factory into a production form with high energy efficiency, and also in terms of production cost, CO reduction which has been a problem in recent years.

The second aspect also brings about a great deal of effects. Details are described in Example 27.

(Means 23)

It is a device which is placed on the outer surface of a bowl to perform suctioning I pressure reduction, and a plurality of decompression boxes having open ends are moved up and down in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the bowl. A suction port in communication with the pressure reducing device and an air feeding port in communication with the Z or air compressor, and the flow rate of the gas flowing through the suction port and the air feeding port. It is a suction and air supply device characterized by having a flow control means for individually controlling the

[0243] The present means provides a suction and air-feeding device from the outer surface of the bowl used for the means 2 to 21.

First, the configuration of the present apparatus will be described. The device comprises a plurality of pressure reducing boxes having an open end to be brought into contact with the outer surface of the bowl, a means for raising and lowering the same, a suction port or Z communicating with a pressure reducing device provided in each of the plurality of pressure reducing boxes It comprises a communicating air supply port and flow rate control means for individually controlling the flow rate of the gas flowing through the suction port and the air supply port.

[0245] Next, aspects of the component will be described. The plurality of decompression boxes are open at one end and attached to lifting means vertically moving up and down with respect to the boat. A plurality of decompression boxes are mounted on the outer surface of the bowl by raising and lowering means, and the open end is used in contact with the outer surface of the bowl. At this time, although there is no problem with the presence or absence of the vent holes on the outer surface of the bowl-shaped outer surface, it is preferable to have the vent holes in order to easily obtain a preferable reduced pressure distribution. [0246] Each of the plurality of decompression boxes may be separated from each other, or may be connected to each other. In the case of separation, it is applied to the reduced pressure forging method described in Measures 2 and 3. In the case of being connected, it is applied to the reduced pressure forging method described in Means 4 and 5.

Each pressure reduction box is provided with a suction port in communication with the pressure reduction device or an air supply port in communication with Z and the air compression device. And, a flow control means is provided to individually control the flow rate of the gas flowing through the suction port and the air supply port.

Next, the operation of the present apparatus will be described. This device is a device that performs pressure reduction to the completion of pouring water mainly by suction, and also controls cooling of molten metal filled by suction and Z or air supply after the completion of pouring.

First, when depressurizing, a plurality of decompression boxes are mounted on the outer surface of the bowl by the lifting means, and the open end is brought into contact with the outer surface of the bowl. Then, suction and Z or air supply are performed from the suction port and Z or air supply port of the desired pressure reduction box, and the pressure reduction of the bowl type is performed. As the purpose of this process is to reduce pressure, suction is the main. In order to obtain a more preferable reduced pressure distribution, the insufflation is mainly performed by suction to the extent that the reduced pressure is to be applied to the portion to be reduced.

[0250] After the pouring is completed, it can be placed and abutted on the bowl shape as it is and used for cooling control. That is, the desired coagulation sequence can be obtained by strengthening the suction and Z or air supply at the site where it is desired to quickly coagulate, and weakening or non-inhaling other areas. This enables so-called directional solidification.

Also, after solidification is completed, suction and Z or air can be performed to adjust the metallographic structure, at least until the temperature passes through the metallographic transformation region. That is, the flow rate of suction and air supply is controlled particularly in the temperature range where transformation of metal structure occurs, and cooling is allowed to proceed at an appropriate cooling rate. For example, in the case of pig iron, cooling control in the range of 830 to 700 ° C. where co-eutectoid transformation occurs is important, and this enables texture adjustment of perlite and ferrite.

In the cooling control after the completion of pouring, the cooling effect can be greater in air supply than in suction. This is because compressed air can easily supply a large amount of air at high pressure into the bowl. Therefore, it is easy to obtain a desired cooling pattern by mainly using air supply in the cooling process and using suction as an aid. [0253] The flow rate flowing through the suction port and the air supply port is controlled by a flow control device provided for each. At this time, the control method can be easily performed in accordance with the suction and air supply amounts of the respective pressure reduction boxes determined in advance. In addition, when it is desired to control with higher accuracy, it is possible to control by the cooling control method described in means 19 based on the temperature of the gas from each pressure reduction box or the value of the temperature and the flow rate.

[0254] The gaseous body sucked and discharged by the present apparatus is used for a forging system that effectively uses the heat of the molten metal described in means 22.

[0255] As described above, the present apparatus is an apparatus capable of performing suction and Z or air supply from a selected site of the bowl shape, and creates a predetermined pressure reduction distribution in the cavity when pouring water, and A desired cooling pattern can be obtained in the cooling process. As a result, the conventional pressure reduction method used to be a method in which pressure reduction and cooling can be controlled by using this device and each of the above methods, although the conventional pressure reduction method simply used for pressure reduction and pouring. It is possible to innovate. Details are described in Example 28.

[Means 24]

In the suction and air feeding device described in means 23, it is characterized in that the positions of the plurality of pressure reducing boxes can be freely changed in a plane parallel to the outer surface of the bowl shape.

[0257] In this means, the positions of the plurality of pressure reducing boxes of the suction and air feeding device of means 22 can be freely changed in a plane parallel to the outer surface of the bowl. That is, a plurality of decompression boxes can be freely moved in three directions of X, Y, and Z with respect to the outer surface of the mold.

[0258] In the device of means 22, the plurality of pressure reduction boxes can be moved up and down only vertically to the outer surface of the bowl, and the flexibility in a plane parallel to the outer surface of the bowl is not defined. That is, it was applied when the vent was provided at a fixed position on the outer surface of the boat.

[0259] By this means, a plurality of decompression boxes can be brought into contact with any position on the outer surface of the bowl, so that vent holes provided on the outer surface of the bowl can be provided at any location. The

[0260] By this means, the degree of freedom in providing the vent holes on the outer surface of the bowl-shaped outer surface is increased, which is convenient for obtaining a desired pressure reduction gradient. However, in terms of equipment, it is more complicated than the equipment of means 22 In addition, when placing multiple decompression boxes on the outer surface of the bowl, it is necessary to fit into multiple vent holes provided at arbitrary positions, which also has the disadvantage of requiring an operating time for that. Should be used in consideration of

[0261] In that respect, the suction and air supply device described in the means 22 is provided with a plurality of pressure reduction boxes at fixed positions, and it is convenient because it abuts on the vent holes provided at the corresponding positions. The choice of which one to use should be decided according to the size, shape, material, quantity, etc. of the container to be manufactured. Details are described in Example 29.

Effect of the invention

The following effects were obtained by the present invention.

[0263] Means 1 provides (1) a reduced pressure construction method capable of constructing a continuous line capable of easily producing high efficiency using a normal air-permeable mold. As a result, the pressure reduction forging method has been widely used, and it has become possible to improve the accuracy of the overall manufacturing of the objects.

By means of measures 2 to 4 and means 8 to 10, (2) individualized products can be easily dealt with and multiple loads can be easily provided, and a decompression structure method applicable to high-efficiency continuous lines is provided.

[0265] By means of measures 2 to 4, (3) a reduced pressure forging method was provided in which a highly accurate predetermined reduced pressure distribution was created in a wedge-shaped cavity. This made it possible to establish a high-precision reduced pressure construction method, and made it easier to manufacture thin-walled and complex products. In addition, it became possible to easily cope with multiple deliveries.

[0266] By means of measures 5 to 15 and means 21, a reduced pressure drilling method was provided in which the molten metal was filled only in the desired cavity among the (4) wedge-shaped cavities. As a result, an extremely high-yield reduced pressure construction method could be established, and the post-process after release was greatly simplified.

[0267] By means of measures 17 to 20 and means 22, (5) the process from pouring to pouring, followed by solidification, cooling and releasing frame was controlled to provide a highly efficient and highly accurate reduced pressure structure method. As a result, the thermal energy of the molten metal was sufficiently recovered, which greatly contributed to the reduction of the manufacturing cost. In addition, environmental improvements have been made.

[0268] Further, (6) a reduced pressure construction method capable of preventing burrs and a reduced pressure construction method of pouring at low temperature are provided by means 16 and 17. As a result, no pressure was generated or unnecessary pressure reduction forging of the feeder was established. [0269] Further, means 23 and 24 provided (7) an apparatus used for the reduced pressure forging method of the present invention. As a result, the reduced pressure casting method of the present invention can be easily implemented.

[0270] As a result of the above, it has become possible to easily apply the reduced pressure construction method, which has conventionally been applied only to special materials, thin-walled products, and complex products, as general special construction methods, to general products. In addition, the pressure reduction and pouring process can be performed by using the pressure reduction method according to the present invention, and the solidification method and the cooling can also be controlled. And was able to innovate greatly.

Further, according to the present invention, forging can be widely used as a manufacturing method superior in cost and quality as compared with other methods. In addition, we have overcome the backwardness of the forging technology, which has also been feared in the past, and by making consistent control from pouring to cooling and releasing the frame, it has become possible to produce highly efficient and high-quality waste.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0272] The best mode for carrying out the invention is characterized in that, as described in the means 1, on the surface plate, an air-permeable wedge shaped in a wedge frame provided with a heat seal member on the upper surface and Z or lower surface of the wedge frame. As described in step 4, the whole or a part of at least one outer surface of the breathable wedge is virtually divided into a plurality of segments, and the wedge is formed at a selected position of the plurality of segments. A plurality of air vents of different diameters and depths from the outer surface toward the inside from the inner surface, and suctioning or sending air individually to the plurality of segments by the suction bow I air supply device described in means 23; Forming a plurality of partial depressurization zones around the vent holes of the chamber, creating a predetermined depressurization distribution in the breathable wedge-shaped cavity, at a low temperature as described in means 17, and as described in means 5 to 10 The molten metal is poured into the desired cavity only, and then means 18 20 directional solidification, as described, cooling control, solidification structure adjustment, and a vacuum 铸造 method of performing recovering a melt of heat.

The present invention will be described in detail by way of Examples, but the present invention is not limited by these Examples.

Example 1

Example 1 is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, a pressure-reducing structure method using a pressure-reducing hood as the air seal member and the airtight member will be described using means 1. [0275] First, heat seal members 7, 8, 9 for air-tightness were provided on the upper surface and the Z or lower surface of the upper and lower eyelid frames 2, 3. This is one of the components of the present invention for performing pressure reduction of the trapezoid 4. Then, it is filled with green sand, the upper mold 5 and the lower mold 6 are formed, and this is put together and placed on the surface plate 10. This molding process is a continuous line molding type that enables high-efficiency production using the most common green mold, and the mold 4 is sent to the pouring and cooling, and the frame, sequentially with the platen 10. It is the same as in the case of using wheels and wheels instead of the surface plate 10.

[0276] The mold 11 cavity 11 is composed of a product portion 12, a pouring portion 13, a runner portion 14 and a spout portion 15.

[0277] A decompression head 16 is placed on the upper surface of the upper frame 2 of the mold 4 fitted as a hermetic member made of a non-air-permeable material. A suction hole 17 is provided in the decompression hood 16 at one place, and a suction pipe 18 communicated with the pressure reducing device 69 is inserted therein by the elevating means 19 to perform decompression. In addition, it is desirable to provide an appropriate filter (not shown) in the middle of the suction pipe in order to prevent absorption and intrusion of the sand-shaped sand.

Also, in order to maintain the air tightness between the suction hole 17 and the suction pipe 18, a heat resistant packing 20 is attached. A portion corresponding to the pouring port 21 of the decompression hood 16 is also opened and covered with a foam resin 22 to maintain air tightness.

Next, the operation and effect of this configuration will be described. First, with regard to the air tightness of the entire boat, the contact surface between the surface plate 10 and the lower frame 3 is kept airtight by the air seal member 9. Further, the mating surfaces of the upper and lower molds 5 and 6 are also kept airtight by the heat seal member 8. Further, the contact surfaces of the upper frame 2 and the decompression hood 16 are also kept airtight by the air seal member 7 as well.

[0280] And, the air tightness is maintained between the suction hole 17 and the suction pipe 18 by the packing 20. In addition, the pouring spout 21 which is another open part of the decompression hood 16 is closed with the foam resin 22 and the air tightness is maintained.

[0281] Therefore, the entire mold is formed by the upper and lower frames 2, 3, the surface plate 10, the decompression hood 16 and the heat seal members 7, 8, 9 of the contact surface thereof and the packing of the contact surface of the suction hole 17 and the suction pipe 18. Airtightness is maintained by the foam resin 22 of 20 and the pouring spout 21. That is, among these components, one having an airtight function similar to that of the airtight container used in the conventional total pressure reduction method is obtained. Note that knock 20 and foam resin 22 are general seal members. Not an integral component of the present invention.

Therefore, if depressurization is performed through the suction holes 17 in this state, the cavity 11 in the mold can obtain a prescribed depressurization. When the molten metal 23 is poured from the pouring spout 21 in the depressurized state, the foamed resin 22 disappears, and the molten metal 23 is sequentially filled with the cavity 11 from the sprue portion 15.

[0283] In the present embodiment, the suction pipe 18 and the decompression hood 16 may be separate bodies, and the suction pipe 18 and the decompression hood 16 may be integrally raised and lowered.

[0284] As described above, the heat seal members are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of a normal bowl frame, and the depressurization hood is placed on the upper frame, and the suction hole is pumped down to supply pressure. It has become possible to carry out the entire decompression construction without using a special airtight container.

In the present embodiment, an airtight container is configured by combining an ordinary seal frame most commonly used in a high efficiency continuous line for mass production with an air seal member and a decompression hood. Therefore, it can be applied to existing lines easily! Of course, it goes without saying that the invention can be applied to new lines. That is, according to the decompression construction method of this embodiment, since a dedicated airtight container is conventionally used, the decompression construction method applied to special materials, thin-walled products, complex articles, etc. as a special construction method is generally used. It can be easily applied to continuous lines capable of highly efficient production of producing forged products.

Example 2

Example 2 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, a pressure reducing structure method using a weight which is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 1 and is used for preventing the floating of the bowl type as the airtight member will be described using the means 1 in the same manner.

In general, the weight 24 is placed on the upper mold 5 or the upper frame 2 in order to prevent the floating phenomenon of the upper mold 5 and the upper frame 2 due to expansion of the mold after pouring. In the present embodiment, the weight 24 is placed on the upper frame 2 as an airtight member. The weight 24 is provided with a suction hole 17 and a pouring port 21. The airtightness method of this portion is the same as that of the first embodiment.

[0288] A weight 24 is only used instead of the decompression hood 16 in Example 1, and the airtightness of the entire saddle-shaped body is exactly the same. Similarly, if the pressure is reduced from the suction hole 17 and pouring is performed in the same manner, the same reduced pressure forming method as that of the first embodiment can be performed.

In the present embodiment, using a weight generally used in forging as an airtight member It was possible to easily carry out the decompression construction method. The action and effect are the same as in Example 1. Example 3

Example 3 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, a decompression construction method using a flexible vinyl as an airtight member with substantially the same configuration as the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 will be described using the means 1 in the same manner.

[0291] In the present example, the thin and flexible vinyl 25 is put on the upper mold 5 as an airtight member to obtain the airtightness of the mold 4. Then, the suction pipe 18 is brought into contact with the outer surface of the upper mold 5 through the suction holes 17 of the vinyl 25.

If the pressure is also reduced, the vinyl 25 is adsorbed to the upper mold 5 and the entire mold is kept airtight. And after a predetermined pressure reduction is obtained, pouring is performed. Also in this example, the reduced pressure construction method could be easily implemented.

In the present example, the pressure reducing hood and the weight are not used as in the example 1 and the example 2, so the components for pressure reduction are simplified. However, since vinyl is used as a consumable, it is inferior to Examples 1 and 2 in terms of economy.

[0294] Although a decompression construction method using vinyl is disclosed in Patent Document 6 and others as a decompression construction method of a loss model, in such a case, the loss model is accommodated in a pressure reduction container with one side open and the vinyl is stored. The pressure is reduced by covering the opening portion with the inside of the crucible or the side wall of the crucible frame. The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the pressure reducing container for accommodating the bowl is not used at all, and the suction and the pressure are reduced from the outside of the bowl through the suction holes 17 of the vinyl 25.

As described above, also in the present example, by using vinyl as the airtight member, the reduced pressure construction method of the present invention could be performed. EXAMPLES Example 2 By using the air seal member and the airtight member in both of Example 2 and Example 3, the reduced pressure forging method applicable to a continuous line capable of highly efficient production was provided.

[0296] Thus, the fact that the decompression forging method can be easily applied to a continuous line capable of highly efficient production as described in Examples 1 to 3 is based on this in combination with the examples described later. The pressure reducing crucible of the present invention includes techniques such as a forging method in which a highly accurate reduced pressure distribution is created, a forging method for filling the molten metal only in a desired cavity portion, and a forging method for performing cooling control. Its significance is great because it can be widely applied to general products.

Example 4

A fourth embodiment is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, a plurality of venting holes having different diameters and depths or depths from the outer surface of the bowl to the inside are provided by using the means 2, and a predetermined reduced pressure distribution is obtained by suction and pressure reduction from the outer surface of the bowl. Explain the decompression construction method of creating and pouring molten metal.

First, four ventilation holes 27 were provided in the upper part of the product portion 12 of the cavity 11, the pouring portion 13, and the runner portion 14 in a direction from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26 toward the inside. The diameter and depth of each vent hole are large or deep so that the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 have a high degree of pressure reduction. Also, the two vent holes at the top of the runner portion 14 are provided shallow so that the degree of pressure reduction on the side of the sprue portion 15 becomes low.

Next, in the same configuration as in Example 1, the depressurizing hood 16 was placed on the upper surface of the upper frame 2 and depressurization was performed by the aspirating tube 18 through the aspiration holes 17 provided in the depressurizing hood 16.

The operation and effects of this configuration will be described. When a predetermined pressure reduction is performed by the pressure reducing device 69, the pressure reduction acts from the outer surface 26 of the bowl shape through the bowl-shaped particles to the inside, and the cavity 11 reaches a predetermined pressure reduction degree. Therefore, the cavity part under the part where the thickness is thick between the outer surface 26 and the cavity 11 is large because the air flow resistance of the particles is large, so the pressure reduction action is small and the thickness of the part is thin! The air flow resistance is small in the cavity part! Because it is easy to reach the decompression action. That is, a difference in the degree of pressure reduction in each portion of the cavity occurs due to the difference in the thickness of the portion of each portion of the bowl.

[0301] Of course, if the entire mold is completely airtight, the entire cavity will have a uniform degree of pressure reduction after a certain period of time. However, if it is intended to achieve complete airtightness, the cost of each part will be very high, so decompression is generally performed with a certain degree of tightness. In other words, decompression construction is carried out to allow a certain amount of air to flow into the bowl.

[0302] Therefore, in a practical reduced pressure structure, pressure reduction is performed by balancing a certain amount of air inflow and suction due to the pressure reduction. In this case, the difference in wedge thickness of each portion described above causes a difference in ease of depressurization of each cavity portion.

[0303] In this embodiment, by utilizing this principle, a large, deep ventilating hole is formed in the cavity portion where the degree of pressure reduction is desired to be increased, and the wedge-shaped thickness of that portion is locally but thinly ventilated. The pressure reduction degree was increased by lowering the resistance.

[0304] That is, although the reduced pressure in the present embodiment is basically a total reduced pressure, by reducing the pressure through the plurality of vent holes 27, the periphery of each vent hole 27 is selectively decompressed, It is in the same state. That is, the depressurization method of this embodiment can be regarded as a combination of the overall depressurization and the partial depressurization.

[0305] More specifically, partial partial pressure reduction zones form respective partial pressure reduction zones around each vent hole 27, and a pressure reduction distribution of the entire cavity 11 is created as a combination thereof. Therefore, by changing the size, depth and position of each vent hole 27, a predetermined reduced pressure distribution can be created in the cavity 11. Based on this idea, the vent holes 27 provided in this embodiment are provided such that the degree of reduced pressure on the spout portion 15 side where the degree of reduced pressure is high in the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 is low and the reduced pressure distribution is obtained. .

Next, after performing a predetermined pressure reduction, pouring of water is started. What should be noted here is that the air-tightness of the bowl-type that was depressurized due to the pouring of water breaks near the gate 15, and the degree of pressure reduction in the bowl-type changes greatly. As a result, the pressure reduction distribution of the cavity 11 changes. This is one of the problems with overall depressurization.

However, in the present embodiment, a high pressure reduction distribution is created by the plurality of vent holes 27 in which the product 12 and the pouring portion 13 have a reduced pressure at the same time at the outlet 15 side. The change in pressure is small. Since a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided so that a pressure reduction distribution is created so that the pressure is directed toward the product part 12 and the pressure reduction degree is increased toward the product part 12 first, the generation occurs near the gate part 15 The reduced pressure changes are promptly resolved and act to restore the original reduced pressure distribution.

[0308] As a result, the cavity 11 maintains a state close to the initial depressurization distribution, and the poured hot water is hardly affected by a large depressurization change. Therefore, the flow of the molten metal can be suctioned and induced to a turbulent and generated reduced pressure distribution, and the product portion can be smoothly filled.

[0309] Here, a plurality of vent holes 27 will be provided to describe what kind of pouring situation will occur in the conventional whole decompression construction method using a normal bowl shape. In this case, the purpose is to pour the water in a state where the pressure distribution is almost uniform throughout. However, with pouring start Since the pressure reduction distribution also largely changes near the gate 15 as mentioned above, the initial purpose can not be achieved with this alone. Further, since the degree of pressure reduction is uniform throughout the cavity 11, the degree of pressure reduction near the gate portion 15 is higher than in the case of the present embodiment, so the pressure reduction change is large. Therefore, the molten metal is affected by a large pressure reduction change, and the flow is easily disturbed.

[0310] Further, since the reduced pressure only acts in the direction of homogenization in the conventional whole reduced pressure structure method with respect to the generated reduced pressure change, the reduced pressure distribution created again in the pouring process is nearly uniform. is there. In other words, it does not have a pressure reduction distribution that causes the molten metal to be smoothly drawn into the product section. The filling of the melt is only performed in the form of pressure at atmospheric pressure and the static pressure of the melt (partly converted to dynamic pressure).

In this state, the pressure in the cavity is merely low, and there is no effect of causing any molten metal to be disturbed and smoothly drawn to the target product portion smoothly. In addition, since the pouring proceeds with a large change in pressure, the molten metal may not be completely filled if a thin-walled, complex-shaped product is to be produced.

[0312] Note that this embodiment is also effective in a so-called multi-piece structure in which a plurality of products can be contained in one frame. That is, by providing a large vent hole deep in the vicinity of each product portion or product portion desired to increase the degree of pressure reduction and the cavity portion of the pouring portion, a predetermined pressure reduction distribution can be easily created.

On the other hand, in some of the above-mentioned patent documents, various construction methods for creating a pressure reduction gradient using partial pressure reduction are variously disclosed. All of them are one-way pressure reduction and simple pressure reduction in one direction. It is what creates a gradient. Also, regarding the number of loads for target products, most are for single loads. Even if multiple loading is possible, it is necessary to provide an auxiliary member for partial pressure reduction at the required site, which requires a large number of man-hours and costs, and is practical for the construction of multiple loading. I miss it.

Further, in the present embodiment, the decompression hood is placed on the upper part of the bowl shape, but it is also possible to provide the decompression hood on the lower part of the bowl shape to reduce the pressure. In this case, the upper part of the bowl is placed on an airtight member to keep it airtight. Furthermore, depending on the type of wedge, even if the pressure is reduced by coming into contact with the wedge side, the effect is the same. Although the present embodiment shows an example in which the configuration of the weir frame and weir is the same as in the first embodiment, the weir and weir of the present invention are not limited to this. That is, even in the case of a frameless bowl shape and a bowl shape molded in a bowl frame chamber having an open top, a plurality of vent holes can be provided to perform the same reduced pressure forming method as that of this embodiment. Further, although the pressure reduction method using the pressure reduction hood is shown in the present embodiment, the action and effect are the same as long as the method of reducing pressure from the outer surface of the bowl is not limited thereto.

As described above, in the present embodiment, a partial pressure reduction zone is formed around each of the plurality of vent holes by providing and ventilating the plurality of vent holes having different diameters and Z or depth, and By creating a specific pressure reduction distribution in the cavity, smooth pouring with less disturbance of the molten metal became possible.

[0317] In the present example, high pressure accuracy which can be said to be a kind of combined pressure reduction method combining total pressure reduction and partial pressure reduction by providing a plurality of vent holes of different diameter and Z or depth from the bowl-shaped outer surface and reducing pressure. Provided a reduced pressure construction method.

Example 5

Example 5 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, a pressure reduction structure method in which a plurality of vent holes are suctioned individually for pressure reduction using means 3 will be described.

[0319] First, the configurations of the weir frame and the weir type are the same as in the fourth embodiment. A plurality of vent holes 27 are similarly provided from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26.

[0320] In order to suction and depressurize separately from the plurality of air vents 27, a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 having open ends in contact with the bowl shape were placed in contact with the air vents 27 by the lifting means 19. The plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 are communicated with the pressure reducing device 69 via the suction flow rate control means 29 respectively. In addition, an airtight hood 30 is connected to the outside of the decompression box 28 to keep the outer surface 26 airtight, and the airtight hood 30 is placed on the upper frame 2.

The operation and effects of this configuration will be described. As in the fourth embodiment, a plurality of vent holes 27 provided on the outer surface 26 of the bowl is provided so that the product portion 12 has a high degree of pressure reduction and the spout portion 15 has a low degree of pressure reduction. ing. In the fourth embodiment, the force of the entire decompression performed by the vacuum hood 16 covering the entire upper surface of the bowl is used. In this embodiment, a plurality of vacuum boxes 28 are provided for each vent hole 27. The suction flow rate was controlled separately to reduce the pressure through it.

That is, the partial pressure reduction zone formed around the vent hole can be strengthened by increasing the suction flow rate of the pressure reducing box corresponding to the vent hole of the portion where the pressure reduction is desired to be increased. Conversely, the partial pressure reduction zone formed around the vent hole can be weakened by reducing the suction flow rate of the pressure reduction box corresponding to the portion where the pressure reduction degree is desired to be reduced (weakened). That is, by controlling the suction flow rate of each decompression box 28 individually, it is possible to control the strength of the partial decompression zone around each ventilation hole 27.

That is, in the present embodiment, a plurality of partial pressure reductions individually controlled are performed. That is, in this embodiment, in addition to the action of a kind of partial pressure reduction obtained by changing the diameter and depth of each vent hole 27 described in the fourth embodiment, the suction flow rate is controlled separately from each vent hole 27 to reduce The partial pressure can be further clarified by pressure. As a result, in this example, a more accurate reduced pressure structure having two kinds of partial pressure reduction actions by the plurality of vent holes 27 provided in the bowl shape and by the plurality of pressure reduction boxes 28 was achieved.

[0324] As a result, in the present embodiment, it is possible to create a predetermined decompression distribution with higher accuracy in the cavity 11, and according to the principle described in the fourth embodiment, even with respect to the decompression change at pouring. It is possible to respond more quickly and realize smoother pouring.

The same action and effect can be obtained by the method of controlling the suction flow rates of the plurality of decompression boxes 28 with the same diameter and depth of the vent holes 27. In this case, there is an advantage that the perforation device of the vent hole 27 can be easily connected.

In addition, although the airtight hood 30 is provided to maintain the airtightness of the entire bowl shape, if the number of decompression boxes 28 can be increased to cover one bowl-like outer surface 26, If a certain degree of air flow can be tolerated, the same effect can be obtained even if the air-tight hood 30 is not installed and depressurized.

[0327] As described above, by combining a plurality of vent holes and a plurality of pressure reduction boxes which individually control the suction flow rate, a pressure reduction structure method is provided in which a predetermined pressure distribution with higher accuracy is created. 6 Example 6 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the same method 3 is used to describe a decompression / construction method in which a plurality of vent holes are individually suctioned or supplied with air to reduce the pressure.

[0329] In the present embodiment, the configuration of the weir frame and the weir type is the same as that of the fifth embodiment. A plurality of vent holes 27 are similarly provided from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26.

[0330] In order to suction or supply air separately from the plurality of ventilation holes 27, a plurality of decompression boxes 28 having open ends in contact with the bowl shape were placed on the respective ventilation holes 27 by elevating means 19. Further, in the present embodiment, the suction ports 31 and the air ports 32 are provided in the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 respectively. Each suction port 31 is in communication with a pressure reducing device 69 via a suction flow rate control means 29, and each air supply port 32 is in communication with an air compression device 70 via an air flow amount control means 33.

Further, in order to keep the outer surface 26 airtight, an airtight hood 30 is provided connected to the outside of the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28, and the airtight hood 30 is placed on the upper frame 2. ing.

The operation and effect of this configuration will be described. The operation of the plurality of ventilation holes 27 provided in the bowl-shaped outer surface 26 is the same as in the fifth embodiment. In this embodiment, in addition to the pressure reduction only by suction performed in the fifth embodiment, air supply can be performed in each pressure reduction box 28.

[0333] The purpose of enabling air supply in addition to suction is to obtain a desired reduced pressure distribution with higher accuracy. That is, by supplying a small amount of compressed air from the pressure reducing box 28 communicating with the vent hole of the portion where the pressure reducing degree is to be reduced, the pressure reducing degree can be positively reduced.

[0334] This is because the influence of the partial pressure reduction zone around it by the suction of one vent hole force is applied to each part of the boat, so the part where the pressure reduction is desired to be reduced is also reduced. Therefore, it is possible to supply a small amount of compressed air to actively reduce the degree of pressure reduction at that site. When air flow is too high, air will be caught in the molten metal and cause gas defects etc. Therefore, the flow rate should be appropriate.

In the present embodiment, suction is performed to the three vent holes provided at the upper portion of the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 to increase the degree of pressure reduction, and air is delivered to the vent holes near the sprue portion 15. Reduced the degree of pressure reduction. The states of suction and air supply are indicated by the direction and size of the arrows in the decompression box 28. As a result, the reduced pressure distribution of the wedge-shaped cavity 11 can be created with higher accuracy. [0336] As described above, suction and insufflation can be performed separately for a plurality of vent holes, so a predetermined pressure reduction distribution can be created with higher accuracy than in the fifth embodiment. We provided a decompression method that can produce hot water.

Example 7

Example 7 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, a plurality of vent holes are provided by means 4 and one of the outer surfaces of the cage is virtually divided into a plurality of cage segments, and the plurality of cage segments are individually divided. Suction bow I or air supply and partial pressure reduction and pouring is explained.

[0338] In this embodiment, the configuration of the weir frame and the weir type is the same as that of the sixth embodiment. Also, a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided in the bowl-shaped outer surface 26. The plurality of vent holes 27 virtually divides the wedge-shaped outer surface 26 into wedge-shaped segments and is provided at selected positions therein.

Also in the present embodiment, a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 having an open end in contact with the bowl shape is used. The plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 are connected on the side, and a total of approximately one bowl shape outer surface 26 is covered. It has become. In other words, one wedge-shaped outer surface 26 is virtually divided into wedge-shaped segments of a predetermined size, and a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 are arranged in a connected manner at all positions corresponding to each wedge-shaped segment. It has become. That is, the plurality of vent holes 27 and the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 are perforated and installed at positions corresponding to the same vertical segment, and the plurality of vent holes 27 and the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 are communicated.

[0340] Then, the airtight hood 30 is attached around the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 in order to maintain the airtightness of the entire mold. A plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 are placed in contact with the outer surface 26 of the bowl by the lifting means 19. Note that, in the configuration of the present embodiment, since almost the entire outer surface 26 is covered with the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28, the airtight hood 30 may not be necessarily required.

As in the sixth embodiment, suction ports 31 and air ports 32 are provided in the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 respectively. Each suction port 31 is in communication with a pressure reducing device 69 via a suction flow rate control means 29, and each air supply port 32 is in communication with an air compression device 70 via an air flow amount control means 33.

[0342] The operation and effect of this configuration will be described. Multiple pressure reduction boxes 28 are approximately on the outer surface 26 of the bowl Since the whole is covered, partial pressure reduction can be performed on each wedge-shaped segment by suctioning or supplying air from each pressure reduction box 28 individually. Then, as a combination of the plurality of partial pressure reductions, the pressure reduction distribution of the entire mold, that is, the pressure reduction distribution of the cavity 11 will be created.

[0343] The plurality of decompression boxes 28 are arranged both in the vertical segment where the vent holes 27 are provided and in the vertical segment where the vent holes are not provided. Suction or insufflation is possible in the decompression box 28 of Therefore, since almost the entire wedge-shaped outer surface 26 is divided into segments and the partial pressure is reduced individually, it is possible to create the reduced pressure distribution of the entire cavity 11 with extremely high accuracy.

The arrangement, the diameter, and the depth of the plurality of vent holes 27 are the same as in the fifth and sixth embodiments as appropriate configurations to obtain a predetermined decompression distribution. The vent holes 27 are provided, and by virtue of the pressure reduction, a strong partial pressure reduction zone is formed around the vent holes 27, and naturally the pressure reduction distribution of the cavity 11 is strongly affected. Therefore, highly accurate partial pressure reduction can be performed by controlling the flow rate of suction and Z or air supply of each pressure reduction box 28 in consideration of the presence or absence of the vent hole 27, the arrangement, the shape of the cavity 11, and the like. As a result, it is possible to create a highly accurate predetermined decompression distribution in the wedge-shaped cavity 11. This is one of the major features of this embodiment.

[0345] Another major feature of the present embodiment is that the entire outer surface of one wedge is virtually divided into wedge-shaped segments, so that the present invention can be actually produced in a continuous line capable of highly efficient production. In the application of the above, the device for drilling multiple vent holes and the device for multiple decompression boxes will be greatly simplified.

[0346] First, for ventilating holes, the drilling tools can be placed at all positions corresponding to each wedge-shaped segment, and a desired site can be selected and drilled. As a result, in the fifth and sixth embodiments, means for moving and positioning the drilling tool of the drilling device to the selected vent hole position are required, but in the present embodiment, it is not necessary. Therefore, the response to the tact of continuous lines capable of actual high-efficiency production has been improved.

Further, with regard to the device of the decompression box, in the fifth and sixth embodiments, means for moving the plurality of decompression boxes to the position of the vent hole and means for positioning are required. The boxes are provided in connection corresponding to the vertical segments and As it is arranged to cover one wedge-shaped outer surface, no movement and positioning to align with the vents is required, just placing the entire decompression box on the wedge-shaped upper surface. Also in this respect, it can be said that the present embodiment is highly adaptable to the tact of continuous lines capable of highly efficient production.

Furthermore, another feature of this embodiment is that, by virtually dividing the eaves into eaves and performing suction or insufflation, a plurality of cavity arrangements as shown in FIG. The present embodiment can be easily applied to the boat type, and a predetermined depressurized distribution can be obtained.

That is, in FIG. 8, the outer surface of the wedge is divided into 4 × 4 = 16 virtual wedge segments 34 so as to be suctioned or supplied with air, and each product portion The end face side is strongly sucked (indicated by symbol S), the feeder is sucked moderately (indicated by symbol M), and the area near the spruce is weakly sucked (indicated by symbol W). A downward pressure distribution can be easily created from the low pressure gate to the high pressure product area. Such a highly accurate decompression distribution as in the present embodiment for the multi-fill bowl type is a force which can not be realized at all by the conventional decompression forging method. It should be noted that, even in the fifth and sixth embodiments, it is possible to cope with the multi-fill vertical type, as described above, the present embodiment is compatible with a continuous line capable of high efficiency production. high.

As described above, one of the outer surface of the wedge is virtually divided into a plurality of wedge segments, and vent holes are selected and provided at positions corresponding to the respective wedge segments. A plurality of decompression boxes are arranged at a position corresponding to the segment, and by pouring it while suctioning or supplying air and decompressing, a highly accurate decompression distribution can be created, and an actual high efficiency is achieved. We have provided a low pressure forging method that is highly responsive to continuous lines capable of producing rates.

Example 8

Example 9 is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, when the ventilation hole is not provided on the outer surface of the bowl, one of the outer surface of the bowl is virtually divided into a plurality of the bowl-shaped segments by using the means 4. Explain the pressure reducing forging method in which the suction bow I or air supply, pressure reduction and pouring are performed individually to the segments.

[0352] In the present embodiment, the configuration of the weir frame, weir type, multiple decompression boxes, and airtight box is implemented. Same as Example 7. However, vent holes are not provided in the bowl-shaped outer surface 26. That is, it is a special embodiment of means 4.

[0353] The operation and effect of this configuration will be described. Although the vent hole is not provided in the present embodiment, since the wedge-shaped outer surface 26 is almost entirely covered by the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28, each wedge shape is suctioned or supplied from each pressure reducing box 28. Partial decompression can be performed on the segment. In this case, a plurality of partial pressure reduction zones corresponding to the suction flow rate or the air flow amount of each pressure reduction box 28 are formed in the lower part of each pressure reduction box 28 in the mold.

[0354] As a result, a decompression distribution as a composite of the plurality of partial decompression zones is created in the cavity 11. In the present embodiment, since the vent holes are not provided, the thickness of each part of the upper die 5 is not in a form that facilitates obtaining a predetermined reduced pressure distribution. However, since the entire area of the bowl is covered with multiple pressure reduction boxes 28, the degree of pressure reduction is increased! /, The suction flow rate of the area pressure reduction box is increased, and the area with a medium degree of pressure reduction is desired. By appropriately adjusting suction and insufflation such as supplying a small amount of air to a portion where the suction flow rate is reduced and the degree of reduced pressure is desired to be reduced, a specified reduced pressure distribution can be obtained.

[0355] In the present embodiment, the vent holes are provided, and therefore, to obtain the predetermined depressurization distribution as described above, it depends on the control of the suction flow rate and the air flow rate of each depressurization box. Since it is necessary to provide a ventilation hole instead of force, there is an advantage if it becomes easy to manufacture a mold. That is, a normal template can be used as it is.

[0356] As described above, even in the case of a cage without vent holes, the cage outer surface is virtually divided into a plurality of caged segments, and a plurality of decompression boxes connected to each cage segment are provided. Then, the pressure was reduced by suction or air supply to a predetermined pressure distribution with high accuracy. Pouring water under this reduced pressure condition made it possible to fill the cavity smoothly and with less disturbance of the water flow.

[0357] The effect of the present embodiment is that suction and air supply by a plurality of segment-like connected pressure reduction boxes are performed on a normal normal type without providing any ventilation holes in the type. This means that high-precision pressure distribution can be obtained, and generalization of the pressure reduction method has become easy. Example 9

Example 9 is shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. Figure 10 shows the condition during pouring and Figure 11 shows the condition after pouring. In this embodiment, a pressure-reducing structure method is described in which a molten metal is filled and solidified only in a portion as a desired cavity portion desired to fill the product portion and the pouring portion in the vertical cavity using means 6.

[0359] The configurations of the weir frame, weir type and decompression method are the same as in Example 4. In this embodiment, a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided so that the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity 35 is higher than that of the other cavities 38. Note that the heddle frame and heddle type of the present invention are not limited to the heddle frame and heddle type of this embodiment. The same applies to the following embodiments.

First, the degree of reduced pressure of cavity 11 is equal to or more than the absolute value of static metal pressure γ of molten metal determined by the height H from the inlet 36 of the molten metal to the desired cavity 35 to the top 37 of the cavity. The negative pressure of the degree of pressure reduction. Here, γ is the specific weight of the molten metal. The degree of vacuum is at least filled with the desired cavity 35 alone, but in the present embodiment, the entire cavity is almost equal to or higher than the degree of vacuum because it is a total vacuum.

[0361] The value of y H is, for example, in the case of molten pig iron having a specific weight γ = 0.007 kgf / cm ³ , assuming that the height from the inlet 36 to the top of the desired cavity 36 to the top 37 is H = 10 cm, for example The pressure reduction degree is as follows: γ Η = 0.007 × 10 = 0.07 kgf / cm ² = 6865 Pa = 52.5 mmHg. Therefore, if the pressure is reduced further than this, it is possible to fill the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion 35. In actual operation, the pressure reduction degree is calculated by multiplying the appropriate safety factor in consideration of various conditions such as pressure reduction change with pouring, cavity shape, and material of molten metal.

Next, when the molten metal 23 having a volume substantially equal to or slightly larger than the volume of the desired cavity 35 is poured, the molten metal 23 flows from the sprue 15 through the runner 14 and is the desired cavity 35 The product section 12 and the feeder section 13 are filled. Since at least the product portion 12 and the feeder portion 13 have a degree of pressure reduction of γΗ or more, the molten metal 23 is filled up to the top 37 of the desired cavity portion 35. Since the amount of molten metal poured is only the volume of the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13, naturally, only this portion is filled, and there is no molten metal in the runner portion 14 and the sprue portion 15. In this example, although a small ladle measuring one frame was used for pouring, it is naturally possible to measure and pour a desired amount with a large ladle containing several frames worth of molten metal. It is. Less than The same applies to the embodiments of the invention.

Thereafter, the reduced pressure is maintained until the filled molten metal 23 solidifies, and it is possible to obtain a structure having only the desired cavity portion 35, ie, the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13. Until the molten metal 23 solidifies, it is not always necessary to solidify the filled molten metal 23 completely. At least the desired portion of the interface between the cavity 35 and the other part 38 Keep the reduced pressure until it solidifies to the extent that it does not flow out to the 15 side!

Here, the meaning of the pressure reduction degree γΗ is the melt pressure at which the melt 23 filled in the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 flows out also in the vicinity of the boundary portion 39 described above. Therefore, the molten metal 23 will not flow out if it is maintained at a pressure reduction degree higher than this.

By the way, although this pressure reduction degree is γΗ, even if it is kept above this pressure reduction degree before pouring water, the pressure reduction inside the mold is broken near the sprue portion 15 with the start of pouring and the pressure reduction degree of cavity 11 Will also change. Therefore, in order to keep the degree of pressure reduction at or above γΗ, it is necessary to perform pressure reduction in consideration of this pressure reduction change.

[0366] Generally, in the general overall pressure reduction method, after the pressure reduction changes along with pouring, since the pressure reduction acts so as to make the entire pressure uniformly reduced, the molten metal is made aggressive to the desired cavity. Aspiration-induced reduced pressure distribution is not created. Therefore, it is necessary to control depressurization in consideration of this point.

However, in the present embodiment, a desired cavity portion 35 filled with the molten metal by a plurality of vent holes 27 having a certain pressure in the overall depressurization is a spout portion 15 in which the degree of decompression of the product portion 12 and the feeder 13 is high. Since a low pressure distribution is created on the side, it is possible to cope with the pressure change caused by pouring water. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, since the diameters and depths of the plurality of vent holes 27 are changed, the present embodiment also corresponds to the means 8.

[0368] As described above, the desired degree of pressure reduction of the cavity portion is at least γγ or more, and the molten metal having a volume substantially equal to that of the desired cavity portion is poured, and the reduced pressure is maintained until solidification. It was possible to obtain a fabricated product of only the part of the cavity.

[0369] As a result, the injection yield indicated by product weight 重量 injection weight is greatly improved. In addition, since the sprue part and the runner part are filled with molten metal although there is a cavity, they will not exist at all at the time of unwinding, and the treatment of the unwinding process and the return material will be greatly simplified. [0370] As described above, according to this example, a reduced pressure structure method capable of significantly reducing the manufacturing cost by providing innovative improvement effects in terms of implantation yield and post-process compared to the conventional structure method is provided. .

Example 10

Example 10 is shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. Figure 12 shows the condition during pouring and Figure 13 shows the condition after pouring. In this embodiment, in the case of the mold type where the vent holes are not provided by using the means 5, a pressure reduction structure in which the product portion and the pouring portion in the cavity are filled with the molten metal only in that portion as the desired cavity portion and solidified. Explain the law.

The configurations of the weir frame, weir type and decompression method are the same as in the first embodiment. The vent holes are not provided in this embodiment.

Also in this example, the depressurization method is exactly the same as in Example 9. First, the pressure reduction degree of the cavity 11 is determined by the absolute value of the static metal pressure γ of the molten metal, which is determined by the height H from the inlet 36 of the molten metal to the desired cavity 35 to the top 37 of the cavity. To a negative pressure condition. Next, when pouring molten metal 23 having a volume substantially equal to the volume of the desired cavity 35, the molten metal 23 flows from the spout 15 through the runner 14 and is the desired cavity 35, the product 12 and the feeder 13 Be filled with Then, by maintaining the reduced pressure until the solidification near the boundary 39 between the desired cavity portion 35 and the other cavity portions 38, it is possible to obtain a structure in which the molten metal is filled only in the desired cavity portion 35. it can.

Thus, in the present example as well as in Example 9, only the desired cavity portion 35 can be filled with the molten water. However, in Example 9 and the present Example, there is a slight difference in the stability of pouring. That is, as described above, with such a total pressure reduction, the pressure reduction breaks near the gate 15 with the start of pouring, and there is a difference in the responsiveness to a large change in the pressure distribution. In the ninth embodiment, a plurality of vent holes are provided so that the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity 35 is higher than that of the other cavities 38, so this is corrected also for the change in pressure due to the start of pouring. It is easy to restore the proper depressurization distribution.

[0375] In the present embodiment, since the vent holes are not provided, the entire saddle-shaped cavity is close to uniform decompression distribution! A pottery has been created, and the pressure reduction distribution appropriate for filling the molten metal against pressure reduction change The recovery effect is weak. However, by properly adjusting the reduced pressure, it is possible to fill only the desired cavity portion. The feature of this embodiment is that a normal wedge without vent holes can be applied, and in this respect, it is more versatile than the ninth embodiment.

[0376] Further, the stability problem at the time of pouring in the present embodiment can be improved as follows, as an example. For example, it is effective to provide another suction and decompression means near the desired cavity in addition to the overall vacuum. That is, when the degree of pressure reduction changes with the pouring of water, the pressure reduction distribution near at least the desired cavity portion is properly maintained by the other suction and pressure reduction means. This will greatly improve the stability of pouring.

[0377] As described above, the feature of the present embodiment is that by providing no vent holes in the wedge shape, that is, by using a normal wedge shape, the degree of pressure reduction of at least the desired cavity portion is stabilized at or above the value of γH. By holding the volume of the molten metal so that the volume of the molten metal is approximately equal to that of the desired cavity portion, it is possible to obtain a fabricated product in which the molten metal is filled only in the desired cavity portion.

Example 11

Example 11 is shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. Figure 14 shows the condition during pouring and Figure 15 shows the condition after pouring. In this embodiment, a pressure-reducing structure method in which only a desired cavity portion is poured with the same configuration as that of the embodiment 6 will be described by using the means 9.

[0379] In the present embodiment, a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided, and the vent holes of the product portion 12 and the feeder 13 which are the desired cavity portions 35 have large sizes so as to increase the degree of pressure reduction. It is deeply perforated. In addition, since each vent hole 27 is communicated to a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 capable of suction or air supply, and the suction flow rate and the air flow amount are individually controlled, the pressure reduction from each vent hole 27 is It becomes possible to control individually.

[0380] That is, adjustment of the degree of pressure reduction of each part by the size and depth of each ventilation hole 27, and adjustment of the degree of pressure reduction by control of suction flow rate and air flow amount of each pressure reduction box 28! The pressure reduction degree of each part can be adjusted by the adjustment means of

First, the pressure reduction degree of the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 is set to γ or more using the above-mentioned pressure reduction means, and the pressure reduction degree of the sprue portion 15 is made as low as possible. A small amount of compressed air is supplied to the vent holes of the spout portion 15 in order to reduce the degree of pressure reduction. One In addition, the force on the side of the sprue 15 is also directed toward the product 12 to create a pressure reduction distribution such that the degree of pressure reduction is high.

Then, molten metal 23 having a volume substantially equal to the volume of product section 12 and feeder 13 is poured. The molten metal 23 is drawn by suction to the reduced pressure distribution of the cavity 11 and is filled in the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13. Naturally, the molten metal is not filled in the runner portion 14 and the gate portion 15. That is, a manufactured product of only the product section 12 and the feeder section 13 can be obtained.

Here, the pouring process is considered. With the start of pouring, the pressure reduction in the initial state is broken near the gate 15, and the pressure reduction degree of the cavity 11 also changes. However, in the present embodiment, since the degree of pressure reduction is lowered near the gate 15 from the initial state to be close to the atmospheric pressure and the pressure degree is reduced, the change in the degree of pressure reduction of the cavity 11 is small.

[0384] This point is a difference from the previous example 10. That is, since the entire depressurization was used in Example 10, the change in the degree of depressurization with the start of pouring was slightly large. However, in the present embodiment, since the degree of pressure reduction near the gate portion 15 is set low at first, the change in the degree of pressure reduction is small.

As a result, in this example, the change in pressure reduction to which the molten metal is subjected is small, the disturbance of the flow of the molten metal is small, and the filling can be performed more smoothly and smoothly.

[0386] As described above, a pressure reduction distribution that lowers the vicinity of the sprue that increases the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity by adjusting the two types of pressure reduction with the plurality of vent holes and the plurality of pressure reduction boxes. By installing and pouring, the molten metal could be easily filled only with the desired cavity portion.

In the present embodiment, although the adjustment of the degree of pressure reduction by the plurality of vent holes and the plurality of pressure reduction boxes is used in combination, a pressure reduction distribution is created so as to lower other portions that increase the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion. If possible, almost the same action and effect can be obtained.

[0388] For example, a combination of a vent hole-shaped wedge and total pressure reduction, a combination of a vent-less hole shaped wedge and a segment-like pressure reduction box used in Example 7, a combination of a partial pressure reduction and a total pressure reduction without vent hole. If the decompression method can create the above-mentioned decompression distribution, almost the same action and effect can be obtained.

Example 12 Example 12 is shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. Figure 16 shows the condition during pouring and Figure 17 shows the condition after pouring. In the present embodiment, a pressure-reducing structure in which the pressure is reduced from a plurality of cage-shaped segments virtually provided in the same configuration as that of the embodiment 7 using the means 10 and only the desired cavity portion is poured will be described.

[0390] In the present embodiment, the configuration of the shed frame and the boat type is the same as that of the seventh embodiment. Also, a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided to increase the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion 35. In the present embodiment, in the seventh embodiment, a plurality of decompression boxes 28 placed on the plurality of virtually divided vertical segments 34 used in the embodiment are used while being decompressed by suction or supply of air. Water was poured only to the cavity part 35.

[0391] In the present embodiment, as described in the seventh embodiment, since one wedge-shaped outer surface 26 is covered by a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28, partial pressure reduction can be performed by dividing each wedge-shaped segment. It is possible to create a reduced pressure distribution of the cavity with higher accuracy. Therefore, pouring of only the desired cavity portion 35 was further ensured.

Example 13

Example 13 is shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. Figure 18 shows the condition during pouring and Figure 19 shows the condition after pouring. In the present embodiment, similarly, means 8 is used to describe a reduced pressure forming method in which a molten metal is filled only in a desired cavity portion in a so-called vertical structure using a vertical mold-matching surface.

First, the configuration of the template 4 of this example will be described. The vertical cavity consists of 4 product parts 12 and 4 pouring parts 13 provided at the top of each, spout part 15 for filling it with molten metal, and runner part 14 . The product sections 12 are arranged two each in the upper and lower parts. Here, the point different from the usual vertical type structure is that the runner portion 14 and the gate portion 15 are independently arranged in two sets for the upper stage and the lower stage.

Next, the arrangement of vent holes for depressurization will be described. The vent holes 27 are provided from the upper surface 42 of the upper portion to the upper portions of the respective pouring holes 13 in the upper stage. Further, for the lower part, the upper force of each feeder 13 is also communicated with the upper surface 42 by the vent hole 41 extending vertically and the vent hole 40 extending horizontally. In vertical weirs these vents can be molded by molding. [0395] Further, the decompression box 28 communicated with the decompression device 69 is placed in contact with each vent hole so that the pressure can be reduced through each vent hole.

[0396] The condition of the outer surface of the cage is described. Generally, the vertical mold 4 used for the vertical structure has an open upper surface and a lower transfer tool 43 on the lower surface, and there is a gap to some extent. Further, the side surface is provided with a wedge-shaped clamp member 44, which also has a certain degree of clearance.

[0397] In the present embodiment, the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 which are desired cavity portions are allowed to have a predetermined degree of pressure reduction Η or more while permitting a certain amount of air inflow from the gaps between the lower and side peripheral members. It was made to do. Here, γ is the specific weight of the molten metal to be poured, and Η is the height from the molten metal inflow port 36 to the product section 12 to the top 37 of the feeder section 13.

The operation and effect will be described with this configuration. First, the pressure is reduced by the pressure reducing box 28 so that the degree of pressure reduction of the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 is equal to or more than γ. When you first pour molten metal with a volume approximately equal to that of the lower two sets of product 12 and feeder 13, the product 12 and feeder 13 are maintained at a degree of pressure reduction equal to or greater than γ, so The molten metal passes from the sprue portion 15 through the runner portion 14 and fills only the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13. Next, in the same manner, the upper two sets of the product portion 12 and the feeder portion 13 are filled with the molten metal from the other gate portion 15 as well.

[0399] By force, molten metal could be filled only in the desired two cavity parts 35, ie, the upper and lower two sets of the product part 12 and the feeder part 13. The action is the same regardless of the order of pouring in the top and bottom.

[0400] After filling of the molten metal is completed, the reduced pressure is maintained until the molten metal inflow port 36 to the product part 12 solidifies to obtain a structure in which the molten metal is filled only in the product part 12 and the feeder 13 Can.

In the present embodiment, although the pressure reduction at the lower stage is also performed from the bowl-shaped upper surface 42, it is also possible to arrange the pressure reduction box 28 in the side of the clamp member 44 and reduce the pressure.

As described above, it was possible to fill the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion by using the vent holes and the pressure reduction box even in the vertical scissor type which is only a horizontal split type. If air tightness is improved by eliminating the gap between the lower surface and the side surface of the bowl shape, the pressure reduction becomes easy, and this embodiment can be implemented more easily.

Example 14 Example 14 is shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. Figure 20 shows the condition during pouring, and Figure 21 shows the condition after pouring. In the present embodiment, similarly, means 8 is used to describe a reduced pressure forming method in which a vent hole is provided when the mold is a mold to fill the molten metal only in a desired cavity portion.

[0404] First, the upper surface force of the upper die is also provided with a vent hole 27 in the vicinity of the product portion 12 which is the desired cavity portion 35 of the mold 45 and the pouring portion 13. The vent hole 27 is composed of a hole 46 drilled from the outer surface of the mold and a vent 47 having a clearance to the extent that the molten metal provided at the tip does not pass. Therefore, although the mold body is not breathable, the cavity 11 can be depressurized through the vent holes 27.

[0405] In addition, an air seal member 8 is disposed on the upper and lower mating surfaces of the mold so that air tightness can be maintained.

[0406] The mold is housed in an airtight container 48. In addition, a suction hole 17 is provided in the airtight container 48 at one place, and the suction pipe 18 communicated with the pressure reducing device 69 is inserted from the suction hole 17 and the pressure reducing box 28 attached to the tip is vented 27 It comes in contact with the equipment so that suction and pressure reduction can be performed.

The operation and effects of this configuration will be described. First, the pressure reducing device 69 is operated to set the degree of pressure reduction of at least the product portion 12 which is the desired cavity portion 35 and the pouring portion 13 to γ H or more. In this embodiment, since the pressure is reduced from the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13, the degree of reduced pressure of the portion is high!

[0408] In this state, when a molten metal having substantially the same volume as the desired cavity 35 is poured, the molten metal is drawn and induced to a reduced pressure distribution, and the product 12 and the feeder 13 are filled. Naturally, there is no molten metal in the runner section 14 and the gate section 15. That is, the molten metal could be filled only in the desired cavity portion 35. Thereafter, the reduced pressure is maintained until at least the vicinity of the boundary portion 39 of the filled molten metal solidifies.

[0409] In the present example, although the pressure was reduced using an airtight container that covers the entire mold, even if the pressure is reduced using a reduced pressure hood as in Example 1, the function and effect are not limited. It is almost the same.

As described above, it is possible to fill the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion by using the vent hole and the appropriate pressure reduction method in combination also in the mold. [0411] The meaning of the present embodiment is that only the desired cavity portion of the present invention is provided in the same manner as a general breathable cage, by appropriately providing a plurality of vent holes regardless of the shape of the bowl. It is said that it is possible to apply a reduced pressure construction method in which the molten metal is filled.

Example 15

Example 15 is shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. Figure 22 shows the condition during pouring and Figure 23 shows the condition after pouring. In this embodiment, a pressure-reducing structure in which the pressure is reduced after pouring is started and only a desired cavity portion is poured is described using means 7.

The configuration of the heddle frame and the crest type is the same as that of the fifth embodiment. The pressure was reduced by placing a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 communicated with the pressure reducing device 69 on the upper mold 5.

In the previous embodiments, the pressure was reduced to a predetermined pressure, and the force was poured by force. In this embodiment, the order was reversed. That is, at first, the pressure is not reduced, and the molten metal 23 having approximately the same volume as the desired cavity 35 is poured. Then, the molten metal 23 is dispersed and filled throughout the cavity 11 as shown in FIG.

Next, depressurization is started, and the degree of depressurization of the desired cavity 35 is increased to γΗ or more.

The molten metal 23 is sucked and introduced into the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 which are the desired cavity portions 35. In this state, if the degree of pressure reduction is maintained at or above γΗ until solidification, a manufactured product of only the product portion 12 and the pouring portion 13 can be obtained.

Note that FIG. 22 shows the state in which the molten metal 22 is at rest for the sake of explanation. The pressure reduction start does not necessarily have to wait for the stationary state of the molten metal 23 to start at an appropriate timing after the pouring start. It is

As described above, even if the pressure is reduced after pouring, it is possible to fill only the desired cavity portion as in Examples 9 to 14 in which the pressure is reduced before pouring. Next, I will explain the difference.

[0418] First, when pouring water after depressurization, the decompression is broken near the gate portion 15 with the start of pouring, and a pressure change occurs. The flow of the molten metal tends to be disturbed by this action. Next, when depressurizing after pouring, the molten metal is not affected by any depressurizing change because there is no change in depressurization accompanying pouring. In other words, speaking of the pressure reduction change caused by the pouring, it is preferable to reduce the pressure after pouring because the disturbance of the flow of the molten metal is small. However, in the method of depressurization after pouring, since the initial depressurization is not performed, the pouring speed is lower than the method of pouring after depressurization. In addition, if the timing to start depressurization is delayed, oxidation of the molten metal and temperature decrease will occur, which may cause forging defects. Therefore, it may be difficult to apply depending on conditions such as the shape and thickness of the product, and also the layout of the cavity, in the case of pouring easily oxidizable solution or low temperature pouring.

[0420] As described above, it is possible to fill only the desired cavity portion by either the method of reducing pressure and pouring or the method of reducing pressure after the start of pouring. As mentioned above, it is desirable to use it taking into consideration the conditions of the molten metal and crucible type U ,.

Example 16

Example 16 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, in order to stably increase the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion, the desired cavity portion and the other portions are formed in accordance with the construction method in which the pressure is reduced and the desired cavity portion is poured using means 11. Explain the reduced pressure construction method in which a ventilation sealing member is installed near the boundary of the cavity, which has air permeability lower than that of air-impermeable or wedge-shaped, and which loses or melts due to the heat of the molten metal. .

The configurations of the boat type, the boat frame and the pressure reducing means are the same as in the fifth embodiment. That is, a plurality of vent holes 27 were provided from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26 and the pressure was reduced by the corresponding plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28. In this configuration, the degree of reduced pressure of the product portion 12 and the feeder 13 which are the desired cavity portion 35 is high! The reduced pressure distribution is created.

Then, concave portions 49 are formed on the upper and lower sides near the boundary 39 between the desired cavity portion 35 and the other cavity portions 38, and a 50 mm × 50 mm × 15 mm thick foam is formed thereon as a vent sealing member. 50 fats were installed.

[0424] When decompression is started in this state, since cavity 11 is divided by foam resin 50 into the desired cavity portion 35 and the other cavity portion 38, the degree of vacuum of the desired cavity portion 35 It can be quickly and stably improved with less influence from the Cavity part 38. This is one of the functions of the vent sealing member.

[0425] Next, when the desired cavity 35 is filled with a molten metal 23 having a volume substantially equal to that of the desired cavity 35 after reaching a predetermined degree of pressure reduction γ or more, the molten metal 23 is foamed resin 50 And disappear immediately, filling the desired cavity 35.

[0426] Although the reduced pressure changes on the side of the sprue 15 accompanying pouring, at least until the molten metal reaches the foamed resin 50, the influence of the reduced pressure does not appear in the desired cavity 35. Therefore, during this time, the desired cavity 35 can be stably maintained at a predetermined degree of pressure reduction. This is another function of the vent sealing member.

As described above, the vent sealing member functions to stabilize the degree of pressure reduction of a desired cavity portion before and after pouring. As a result, the filling power of the molten metal to the desired cavity portion can be made more stable by covering the preferable reduced pressure distribution by the plurality of vent holes and the reduced pressure box.

In this example, the vent sealing member works in the same manner in the case of partial pressure reduction with respect to the desired cavity portion by using a plurality of pressure reduction boxes for pressure reduction and in the case of total pressure reduction.

Further, the function of the vent sealing member is to separate the desired cavity part from the sprue side and keep the degree of pressure reduction stable, so from the non-air-permeable member such as metal piece, plate material or wedge type The same function and effect can be obtained if it is a low-permeability breathable member.

Example 17

Example 17 is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, in the reduced pressure casting method in which the pressure is reduced and the desired cavity is poured using the means 12, as described in the embodiment 16, the air-permeable sealing member provided in the vicinity of the boundary portion is made of molten metal. Next, I will explain the decompression forging method using a member whose time until the force disappears or melts for 2 seconds to 5 seconds.

[0431] The configurations of the boat type, the boat frame and the pressure reducing means are the same as in the sixteenth embodiment. That is, a plurality of vent holes 27 were provided from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26 and depressurized by the corresponding depressurizing boxes 28. Then, install 50 mm x 50 mm x 4 mm thick steel plate 51 in the recess 49 as a vented sealing member!

The operation and effects of this configuration will be described. This steel plate 51 has exactly the same action as the foamed resin of Example 11 in terms of pressure stability and stability. However, in the present embodiment, after the molten metal reaches the steel plate 51, it takes about three minutes before the steel plate 51 melts and the molten metal starts to flow into the desired cavity portion 35. A state where the molten metal has reached the steel plate 51 is shown in FIG. That is, for about 3 seconds, the molten metal fills up the remaining portion of the desired cavity 35 as shown in the figure and stands still! /. Therefore, even if the flow of the molten metal is disturbed due to the pouring, when the molten metal stops once in this state, the disturbance of the flow of the molten metal is almost completely eliminated. That is, the dynamic pressure of the molten metal as it is poured is converted to static pressure. This is one of the functions of the steel plate 51 which is the vent sealing member.

[0434] Then, when the molten metal is allowed to flow into the desired cavity portion 35 by melting the steel plate 51, the pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion 35 and the static pressure of the molten metal cause turbulence in the molten metal flow and smooth filling. It is done.

[0435] Also, another function of the molten metal being at rest once is that the inclusions and air etc. which are caught in the molten metal as the molten metal separates and floats up due to the specific gravity difference with the molten metal. It is time given to This can enhance the soundness of the product. In the present embodiment, a force of 2 seconds to 5 seconds in which the time for which the molten metal is at rest is approximately 3 seconds is appropriate. The lower limit of 2 seconds is the minimum required time for recovery of the static pressure of the molten metal and floating of inclusions. The upper limit of 5 seconds is set to prevent the temperature drop of the molten metal and acidity.

As described above, the gas-passing sealing member of the present embodiment enables filling in a static pressure state by temporarily stopping the molten metal, and floats up inclusions and the like mixed in the molten metal at the initial pouring. And the effect of reducing defects. As a result, the filling of the desired cavity part can be performed more stably.

Example 18

Example 18 is shown in FIG. 26 and FIG. Figure 26 shows the condition before pouring, and Figure 27 shows the condition after pouring. In this embodiment, in the pressure reduction method of reducing pressure and pouring to a desired cavity using the means 13, the molten metal in the cavity recess of the vicinity of the boundary portion so that the molten metal filled in the desired cavity portion solidifies quickly. Explain the reduced pressure construction method with the blocking member installed.

[0438] The configurations of the boat type, the boat frame and the pressure reducing means are the same as in the fifth embodiment. That is, a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26, and a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 corresponding thereto are provided. Depressurized.

In this example, a recess 49 is provided in the lower and upper portions near the boundary 39 between the desired cavity 35 and the other cavities 38, and it is molded with shell sand as a molten metal blocking member 50 mm X 50 mm X thickness 15 mm A shell piece 52 was placed to fit in the recess 49 in the lower part of the cavity.

[0440] The operation and effect of this configuration will be described. After a predetermined pressure reduction, when the molten metal 23 having a volume substantially equal to that of the desired cavity 35 is poured, the molten metal 23 fills the desired cavity 35 as shown in the previous embodiment. During pouring, the shell piece 52 placed in the recess 49 at the bottom of the cavity remains in the recess 49 without disturbing the flow of the molten metal. After pouring is complete, as shown in FIG. 27, the shell piece 52 ascends to the recess at the top of the cavity and rests by buoyancy.

If decompression is maintained in this state, solidification of the molten metal proceeds, but since the molten metal in contact with the shell piece 52 is deprived of heat by the shell piece 52, solidification proceeds more quickly than in the case without the shell piece 52. Do. Therefore, the time to hold a reduced pressure can be shortened.

In addition, even if the reduced pressure falls below γΗ after the pouring is completed and the shell piece 52 comes up, the shell piece 52 is in the recess 49 in the upper and lower cavities due to the static pressure of the molten metal 1 It is pressed to the 5 side and works to prevent the outflow of the molten metal. This pressing force can not completely stop the outflow of the molten metal, but a slight reduction in pressure can prevent the outflow.

The operation and effect of the molten metal blocking member are the same as long as it is a fire-resistant material whose specific gravity is smaller than that of the molten metal. The shapes of the melt blocking member and the recess are not limited to those of this embodiment. The same operation and effect can be obtained by combining appropriate shapes.

As described above, by disposing the molten metal blocking member in the cavity concave portion in the vicinity of the boundary, the reduced pressure holding time after pouring can be shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved. This embodiment solves or reduces the problem of requiring a certain reduced pressure holding time until solidification after pouring, which is one of the problems in the reduced pressure method according to the present invention, in which the molten metal is filled only in the desired cavity portion. We were able to.

Example 19

Example 19 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the pressure is reduced to the desired cavity using the means 14. In the vacuum construction method in which pouring is performed, pressure reduction is stably performed, and near the boundary between the desired cavity portion and the other cavity portion so that the molten metal filled in the desired cavity portion solidifies quickly. A reduced pressure construction method will be described in which a sealing and blocking member in which the through-flow sealing member and the molten metal blocking member used in Examples 16 and 18 are integrated is installed.

[0446] The configurations of the crucible, the collar frame and the pressure reducing means are the same as in the sixteenth embodiment. That is, a plurality of vent holes 27 were provided from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26, and the pressure was reduced by the corresponding plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28.

[0447] In the present example, the foam resin 50 is used as the air-permeable sealing member, the shell piece 52 is used as the molten metal blocking member, the foam resin 50 is the upper part, and the shell piece 52 is the lower part. A blocking member 53 is placed in the recess 49 of the cavity near the boundary 39 of the desired cavity 35 and other cavities 38.

The operation and effects of the sealing and blocking member 53 are obtained by combining the effects of the two members of the through-flow sealing member and the molten metal blocking member shown in the embodiments 16 and 18. That is, at the time of pressure reduction, the stability of the pressure reduction of the cavity is measured with the foam resin 50, and after pouring, the shell piece 52 comes up to promote coagulation in the vicinity of the boundary 39. In addition, even if it uses the steel plate 51 of Example 17 instead of the foamed resin 50, the effect | action and effect are the same.

[0449] As a result, members having two functions can be installed as one, and the workability is improved. Then, the disturbance of the flow of the molten metal at the time of pouring can be reduced, and the reduced pressure holding time after pouring can be shortened to improve the production efficiency.

Example 20

Example 20 is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the pressure reducing structure method for reducing the pressure and pouring the desired cavity by using the means 15! Next, a reduced pressure structure method will be described in which quenching is performed by supplying strong air from the vent holes and Z or cooling holes near the boundary to rapidly solidify the molten metal filled in the desired cavity.

[0451] The configurations of the boat type, the boat frame and the pressure reducing means are the same as in the sixth embodiment. That is, a plurality of vent holes 27 were provided from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26 and depressurized by the corresponding depressurizing boxes 28.

[0452] In the present embodiment, the desired cavity portion to which the molten metal is to be filled from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26 35 A deep cooling hole 54 which is larger than the other part is provided near the boundary 39 of the other cavity 38 and the other cavity 38.

After a predetermined pressure reduction, when a molten metal having a volume substantially equal to that of the desired cavity 35 is poured, the molten metal fills the desired cavity 35 as shown in the above embodiment. Then, it can be cooled by suction or air supply through each air vent 27. At that time, a large amount of compressed air is supplied to the large, deep, cooling holes 54 provided near the boundary 39. The area around the boundary 39 was quickly cooled. Although strong suction can be performed to the cooling holes 54 to increase the cooling rate, in general, the cooling rate can be increased by supplying compressed air.

[0454] Thus, a large, deep cooling hole 54 is provided near the boundary 39, and a large amount of air is supplied from the decompression box 28 to rapidly solidify the vicinity of the boundary 39, and the decompression holding time is maintained. It can be shortened.

[0455] The cooling hole provided near the boundary is always large if there is a constraint on the cavity shape, etc. The depth and depth of the cooling hole should be appropriate, and the cooling speed of the part should be from the pressure reduction box. It can also be adjusted by the flow rate of suction or insufflation. Also, if no cooling holes are provided, it can be cooled by suction or air supply from the vent holes near the boundary.

[0456] As described above, decompression is performed such that the molten metal is charged only in the desired cavity portion by cooling the melt blocking member of Example 18 and the vent holes and Z or cooling hole force in the vicinity of the boundary portion of this example. The reduced pressure holding time, which was one of the problems of the forging method, has been greatly reduced. Example 21

Example 21 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, means 16 is used to explain a decompression fork method for preventing burrs which are easily generated in the gap in the vacuum forging method.

[0458] The basic configurations of the boat type and the boat frame are the same as in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the principle of the method of preventing burrs, a case is described in which the pressure reducing hood 16 is placed on the upper part of the bowl and the entire bowl is depressurized.

[0459] The bowl type is provided with an air supply hole 57 communicating with the core wood part 55 and an air supply hole 58 communicating with the upper and lower bowl mating surfaces 56. Then, the air supply pipe 60 is communicated with the air supply holes 57, 58 through the air supply holes 59 provided at two points of the decompression hood 16 so as to supply compressed air. [0460] The operation and effect of this configuration will be described. In general, in the decompression construction method, when the pressure is reduced, the gaps such as the core wood part 55 and the upper and lower facings 56 are also reduced in pressure, and the possibility that the molten metal will immediately generate burrs increases. .

Therefore, in the present embodiment, compressed air is supplied to these gaps from the two air supply holes 57 and 58 as described above to stop the invading molten metal. That is, since the pressure of these gaps is maintained at a positive pressure without being a negative pressure due to the pressure reduction due to the air supply of the compressed air, it is possible to exert an action of preventing the entry of the molten metal. In addition, since the molten metal which compressed air infiltrates is cooled to lower the fluidity, the molten metal is more difficult to infiltrate into the gap.

[0462] As described above, burrs are likely to be generated, the pressure reduction method is also suitable, but even burrs are likely to be generated, by providing air holes in the part and supplying compressed air to the holes. I was able to prevent The elimination of the generation of the solder eliminates the work of removing the solder in the post process generally performed conventionally, and brings about the effect of significant cost reduction and process shortening.

Although the present embodiment shows a case where one product is manufactured, similarly, in the case of a plurality of products, an air supply hole communicating with the outer surface is provided at a necessary portion to supply compressed air. Can prevent burrs.

In that case, it is most effective to use a plurality of segmented pressure reducing boxes as used in Example 7 to supply air.

Example 22

Example 22 is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, when pouring the spherical graphite pig iron in the vacuum construction method using the means 17, the vacuum construction method in which the predetermined vacuum distribution with high accuracy is created in the cavity is obtained by Examples 1 to 21. As a result, we will explain the reduced pressure construction method where the pouring temperature is below 1300 ° C.

[0465] The basic configurations of the boat type and the boat frame are the same as in the fifteenth embodiment. In this example, in order to clarify the effect of the pouring temperature on the collapse, two pots A and B were prepared, and both pots were poured without pouring. A was poured by a normal structure without pressure reduction, and B was poured by pressure reduction by a pressure reduction method according to the present invention. Further, the pouring temperature was set to 1,300 ° C., since a general reduced pressure distribution can be created at A: 1,400 ° C., and a highly accurate decompression distribution can be created according to the present invention; [0466] The molten metal is spheroidal graphite pig iron, and the chemical composition is 3.70% C, 2.62% Si, 0.30% Mn, 0.05% Cu, PO. 032%, SO. 008%, MgO. 045%. The spherical shape was made using a FeSiMg alloy. The product weighs 5.2 kg.

[0467] After the forging, the product was cut, and the area of the scabs was measured by a penetration test. As a result, A was 85 mm ² and B was 52 mm ² . In other words, the pouring temperature is 1400. C Force et al. 1300. To C 100. By lowering C, it was possible to reduce the shrinkage to about 1Z15. Although B is not completely free of defects, it has almost the same practical strength as almost no defects in practical strength.

[0468] Consider this result. In the case of spheroidal graphite pig iron, after pouring, during the completion of solidification at a eutectic temperature of 1150 ° C., liquid contraction, expansion by graphite and contraction due to austenite crystallization occur. The calculation of the details is as described in means 15 above. Force The sum of these expansions and contractions is -1.05% for the 1400 ° C pour of A and + 0.45% for the 1300 ° C pour of B .

[0469] Therefore, in A, the sum shrinks and shrinkage cavities remain, which means that a pouring bath is necessary to eliminate shrinkage cavities. On the other hand, in B, the total is expanded, and even if there is no hot water, shrinkage cavities do not occur, which means.

[0470] However, this is a judgment based solely on simple calculations of expansion and contraction of the molten metal. In addition, there are other influences on the occurrence of shrinkage, such as the swelling of the cocoon shape, the speed of formation of the solidified epidermis, and the generated gas. These factors are considered to be the result of adding and acting on the sum of expansion and contraction of the above-mentioned melt.

However, lowering the pouring temperature by 100 ° C. corresponds to a difference of 1.5% in the contraction rate, and the simple calculation of this shows that the volume difference between the hollows in the case of A and B for the product of 5.2 kg is When the specific gravity of the molten metal to 7.0, the 5200Z7.0 X 1.5Zl00 = l l. lcm 3. In other words, for example, in a 1 cm ³ cube, the difference in the size of the sinkhole is as large as about 11 units. The effect of lowering the pouring temperature by 100 ° C is so great.

[0472] The result of this example is that, in the case of the 1300 ° C. pouring in B's reduced pressure method, the number of shattering spots is negligible, compared with the force of A. The area became about 1Z15, and one with almost no shrinkage was obtained. This is an effect of the reduced pressure casting method according to the present invention, which improves the hot water pouring and makes it possible to lower the pouring temperature by 100 ° C. In the experiments of the present inventor, decompression is properly performed by a decompression method using a plurality of decompression boxes, etc. It has been confirmed that pouring at 1250 ° C is possible without failure. Such low temperature pouring can further reduce shrinkage defects.

[0473] In addition to the present embodiment, the combined use of the cooling control of Embodiments 23 and 24, etc. described later can yield a forging method with a further reduced number of hollow defects.

[0474] As described above, by combining the low pressure steelmaking method of the present invention and low temperature pouring, a spherical graphite pig iron can be obtained as a defect-free container product without pouring. In addition, this can be applied to pig iron in general, including ordinary pig iron (maze iron) and special pig iron. In particular, in the case of ordinary pig iron, since the solidification form is skin-forming solidification compared to the matsushi-type solidification of the spheroidal graphite pig iron, the occurrence of shrinkage spots is further reduced, and the present embodiment can be applied more easily.

[0475] As described above, if a pottery can be produced without a feeder, a direct effect can be obtained, first of all, by reducing the amount of molten metal required. In addition, since the space where the hot water was poured by the original cavity space, it is possible to add products and improve production efficiency. In addition, since there is no pouring, the process after unwinding is also limited to the product part, and the effect is simplified.

[0476] As described above, the decompression construction method of the pig iron of the present example significantly enhances the production efficiency of the pig iron parts that are produced about 50 million tons annually in the fields of automobiles, construction, machinery and the like in the world. This is a salute.

Example 23

Example 23 is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the means 18 is used to control the flow rate of the gas drawn or fed through the vent holes, the cooling holes and the wedge-shaped segments after pouring in the reduced pressure drilling method, thereby making it desirable to fill the molten metal. We will explain the pressure reduction method to make the solidification progress sequentially.

[0478] The basic configurations of the boat type, the boat frame and the pressure reducing means are the same as in the seventh embodiment. In the present embodiment, a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided at selected portions of the segment, and suction or air is supplied by a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 placed on the boat to pour and after pouring. Cooling was done.

First, the pressure reduction before pouring is set to a pressure reduction distribution with a low degree of pressure reduction on the side of the sprue 15 where the pressure reduction degree of the product section 12 and the pouring section 13 is increased as described in the above examples. After predetermined pressure reduction A molten metal having a volume substantially equal to that of the desired cavity 35 was poured and filled only in the desired cavity 35.

[0480] By the way, as one of the methods for preventing shrinkage in general in the forging, so-called directional solidification is achieved in which cooling of the product portion 12 is partially cooled away from the feeder 13 and sequentially cooled toward the pouring. The position, size and number of the hot water and cold metal are devised. However, these methods have limitations due to the product shape, and the desired directional solidification is not necessarily obtained.

In the present embodiment, in order to enable directional solidification with high accuracy after pouring is completed, a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided from the bowl-shaped outer surface 26 and after pouring, the pouring portion of the product portion 12 is carried out. A large amount of compressed air was supplied to the farthest area from 13 and compressed air with a reduced flow rate was supplied to the product section 12 and the pouring section 13 sequentially. Then, the area around the gate 15 was subjected to weak suction. Also, in order to shorten the pressure reduction holding time near the boundary 39 between the desired cavity part 35 to be filled with the molten metal and the other cavity part 38, a large amount of compressed air can be set early in the cooling process to shorten solidification time: .

As a result, the cooling rate of each part was as shown in the lowermost part of FIG. 32, and it was possible to perform directional solidification such that the partial force farthest from the feeder 12 was sequentially solidified. As a result, the product portion 12 is solidified on the end face side, and the contractions are sequentially supplied to the adjacent site force to improve the soundness. In some cases, it is also possible to reduce or eliminate the feeder.

It should be noted that since the cooling rate is increased by the initial quenching in the vicinity of the boundary 39 between the desired cavity portion 35 to which the molten metal is desired to be filled and the other cavity 38, the cooling speed of the boundary portion 39 is equal to the cooling speed of the feeder 13. The minimum time for solidification around the boundary 39 is set so as not to rise.

[0484] In the present embodiment, if the same vent hole is used for pressure reduction and air supply, if possible, the air holes are for obtaining a desired pressure reduction distribution and directivity as shown in the present embodiment. It is desirable to provide both cooling holes to obtain solidification. In addition, the flow rate of suction or air supply for each ventilation hole and cooling hole force should be determined in consideration of the thickness of each part of the product and its positional relationship.

[0485] The above-mentioned directional solidification with high accuracy is made possible by the positions of the vent holes and the cooling holes, This is because the size, depth, etc. were appropriately provided according to the layout of the cavity, and suction or air supply was appropriately performed by a plurality of pressure reduction boxes. It is something that can not be obtained by measures such as normal pouring and cooling.

Note that this embodiment also brings about a great effect in the case of multiple loading. That is, in the case of multiple filling, if it is intended to obtain directional solidification with a normal feeder or chiller, a lot of feeder or chiller will be used, and the amount of molten metal and the number of man-hours tend to be large. However, if this embodiment is used, as shown in FIG. 8 of the seventh embodiment, vent holes and Z or cooling holes as in this embodiment are provided for each of a plurality of product blocks of the cavity, and As aspiration or insufflation is performed, directional coagulation can be easily obtained.

As described above, the decompression forging method of the present invention can control the cooling process with high accuracy as well as the pouring process, and can easily perform the most desirable directional solidification of the forging. As a result, if defects can be reduced and pouring can be reduced or omitted, a great effect can be provided.

[0488] Figure 24 shows Example 24. In this embodiment, the temperature or temperature of each gas body sucked and discharged from each part such as a plurality of vent holes, cooling holes, and wedge segments after pouring in the reduced pressure method using the means 19 according to the present invention. We will explain the pressure reduction construction method to control the cooling state of the molten metal based on the data of and flow rate.

[0489] The basic configurations of the boat type, the boat frame and the depressurizing means are the same as in the twenty-third embodiment. In this embodiment, the flow 79 of the gas body sucked and discharged from each part of the vertical ML, the flow 80 of the compressed air supplied, and the flow 81 of the control signal and the flow 91 of the data signal are configured as shown in FIG. did . In the figure, one decompression box VB is shown! /!

[0490] That is, the gas sucked and discharged from each part of the bowl-shaped ML is drawn to the suction flow rate · temperature measurement means VM through each decompression box VB to measure the flow rate and temperature, and the data signal 91 is calculated It is sent to CL. Then, the cooling state of each part is estimated by the calculation means CL.

On the other hand, the flow rate and temperature of the compressed air to be supplied are measured by the air flow rate and temperature measurement means CM, and the data signal 91 is sent to the calculation means CL. Then, the calculation means CL serves as auxiliary data for estimating the cooling state of each part. In this manner, the solidification state of each part is estimated by the calculation means CL based on the data of the temperature and flow rate of the gas and compressed air from the plurality of pressure reduction boxes VB. According to the result, a control signal 81 for approaching the cooling condition is desirably sent to the suction flow control means VC and the air flow control means CC. Then, the flow rate is controlled by each control means to perform suction or air supply.

Thus, by measuring the temperature and flow rate of the gas and compressed air passing through the vent holes and the decompression box VB, it is possible to estimate the cooling state of each part of the bowl, and further suction according to the result. And Z or the flow rate of the air supply could be controlled to obtain the desired cooling condition.

[0494] It is basically the effects of a plurality of vent holes provided in a bowl shape and a plurality of corresponding pressure reduction boxes that made such a cooling-controlled pressure reduction structure possible. The force which can be achieved by using a plurality of decompression boxes in this embodiment In particular, the method using a segmented decompression box as in embodiment 7 is most suitable. That is, in this case, the entire surface of the bowl is divided and suctioned or fed, and a large amount of data can be obtained for each part force, so that the cooling state can be estimated with high accuracy, and as a result, high accuracy can be obtained. It became possible to control the cooling.

In the present embodiment, substantially the same action and effect can be obtained with only the force temperature obtained by measuring both the temperature and flow rate data of the gas and compressed air.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a reduced pressure structure method in which the cooling control after pouring, which has never been carried out conventionally, is applied with high precision and easily. This means that, in the past, in general, for the blank part of the forging technology that relied on natural cooling after pouring, it provided a technology that allows for free cooling control, and this is an aspect of the advancement of forging technology So the meaning is big.

Example 25

[0497] Example 25 is shown in Figs. 34 and 35. In this embodiment, in the reduced pressure structure method to which the cooling control method shown in the twenty fourth embodiment is applied by means 20, the reduced pressure structure method for adjusting the final solidified structure of the filled molten metal will be described.

The basic configuration of the boat type, the boat frame and the pressure reducing means is the same as that of the twenty-third embodiment. In this example, after the pressure was reduced and the spheroidal graphite pig iron was poured, the cooling of the important solidification area or transformation area was controlled in the process up to the release frame to obtain the desired final solidification structure. Molten metal is the same as Example 22 It is a component of spherical graphite pig iron, and the material equivalent to FCD 500 can be obtained by ordinary natural cooling.

[0499] In the present embodiment, the cooling control method shown in Embodiment 24 is based on the data of the temperature and flow rate of the gas and compressed air from the plurality of vent holes and the plurality of pressure reduction boxes corresponding thereto after pouring. The cooling was faster than usual.

[0500] FIG. 34 shows the cooling curve of this example. The figure shows a natural cooling curve 84 when the above molten molten iron is subjected to a normal pressureless structure and naturally cooled in the mold, and a control cooling curve 85 when the controlled cooling according to this embodiment is performed. The In the case of pig iron, the cooling rate of the area until the entire solidification is completed at the eutectic temperature and the eutectoid transformation area 83 where the austenite is transformed into pearlite and ferrite is the important factor that determines the final solidified structure. .

As seen from FIG. 34, in the controlled cooling of this example, the cooling rate of the eutectic temperature range and the eutectoid transformation range 83 is larger than that of the normal cooling.

[0502] The final solidified structure and mechanical properties of both coolings are shown in FIG. The metallographic structure 87 in controlled cooling is a structure with many pearlite and less ferrite as compared to the metallographic structure 86 in natural cooling. The mechanical properties of natural cooling are equivalent to FCD 500, while those of controlled cooling are equivalent to FCD 700, and the tensile strength and yield strength are high, and the elongation is as good as natural cooling. In general, although the elongation decreases as the tensile strength increases, such elongation is obtained because the pearlite is compacted by controlled cooling.

[0503] That is, by pouring the same molten metal and performing cooling control on the process up to the release frame, it was possible to obtain a material with higher strength and toughness than that of the ordinary structure.

[0504] Table 1

[0505] In general, the formation of the material of the bowl is carried out by changing the components of the molten metal, heat treating the solidified bowl, and the like. However, in the former, there are many types of molten metal to prepare, and it is complicated in operation. Also in the latter, a large amount of heat energy for heating again This will consume a lot of money and require an extra process such as heat treatment, which is a major cause of cost increase.

[0506] As described in the present embodiment, there is absolutely no tweaking method to obtain the desired material by adjusting the final solidified structure by controlling the cooling in the mold until the pouring force is released. It has not been implemented. Therefore, the present embodiment solves the problems of the various types of molten metals to be prepared in the state of the art and the heat treatment process.

Example 26

Example 26 is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, after the pouring, using the method 21, the pouring spout or the spout portion is lower in air permeability than the non-air-permeable member or the bowl type, and the member is closed. Explain the law.

[0508] The configurations of the weir frame, weir type and decompression method are the same as in Example 9. The condition before pouring is the same as FIG. 10 of the ninth embodiment. Figure 36 shows the condition after pouring. In this embodiment, as the desired cavity portion to be filled with the product portion and the pouring portion in the vertical cavity type I, when the molten metal is filled and solidified only in that portion, the degree of reduced pressure after pouring is kept stable. The effect is great! Explain the pressure reduction construction method.

[0509] As described in Example 9, after pouring, the molten metal was filled! / The desired purpose can be achieved by maintaining the degree of pressure reduction of the desired cavity portion at or above γΗ. However, since the pouring port or sprue part is opened to the atmosphere along with the pouring, the degree of pressure reduction of that part is greatly reduced, and the degree of pressure reduction of the wedge-shaped cavity is also susceptible to change.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, after pouring, the pouring port 21 is closed by the non-air-permeable member 92, and the pressure is reduced until solidification of the molten metal. As a result, the vertical cavity will be in the same sealed state as before pouring water, and as a result, the degree of pressure reduction can be kept stable. In addition, the capacity of the decompression device can be reduced. The place to be closed by the non-air-permeable member 92 may be the pouring port 21 as in this embodiment, and the same effect is obtained at the spout portion 15.

As the non-air-permeable member, metal, resin, rubber, plate or the like is suitable. In addition, when the inflow of air to some extent is acceptable, a certain effect can be obtained even with a member having lower air permeability than a bowl-like, for example, a cloth, a fine-grain bowl-like or the like.

[0512] As described above, in the decompression forging method, a suitable non-air-permeable member or pot-shaped after pouring is more suitable than By closing the pouring port or sprue part with a low breathability member, it became possible to maintain a stable reduced pressure state. This forging method is effective for the reduced pressure method in general, but is particularly effective for the reduced pressure method for filling and solidifying the molten metal only in the desired cavity portion.

Example 27

Example 27 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the means 22 is used to heat exchange the gas body sucked and discharged from the mold by the heat exchange device 72 and supply the heat to the Z or raw material preheating device 71 to recover the heat of the molten metal. Describe the forgery system that is effectively used. The basic configurations of the boat type, the boat frame and the pressure reducing means are the same as in the twenty-third embodiment.

Conventionally, in the case of the general method of construction, the poured melt is solidified by giving its heat to the mold, and finally the heat remaining in the melt and the heat of the mold are cooled by air or water. Therefore, the heat required for melting is dissipated into the air without being recovered at all. In other words, the energy recovery rate in construction is almost zero.

[0515] In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 37, the gas body sucked and discharged by the suction and air feeding means 61 placed on the upper part of the bowl shape is subjected to heat exchange with the heat exchange device 72; Alternatively, piping was performed to supply raw material preheating device 71. This makes it possible to effectively use the heat of the molten water poured into the cavity.

[0516] In the past, reduced pressure construction was less frequently applied to high-efficiency continuous lines, and even if pressure reduction construction was adopted, suction and pressure reduction was stopped after pouring, etc. Such recovery of the heat of the molten metal was almost unthinkable. According to the present invention, the reduced pressure casting method can be easily applied to a high efficiency continuous line, and since the cooling control after pouring becomes feasible, a large amount of gas bodies thus sucked and discharged can be obtained. It became possible to recover the heat of the molten metal through the

As described above, the structure system of the present invention, together with the above-mentioned high-precision pressure reduction control and cooling control, provides a great effect also in the recovery of the thermal energy of the molten metal, and the overall high quality An accurate, high-efficiency reduced pressure construction method was provided.

[0518] The ability to recover the heat of molten metal in this way means that energy saving and reduction of CO

2

It is one of the major innovation technologies for the 21st century forged factories that are required. Example 28

[0519] Fig. 38 shows Example 28. In the present embodiment, a suction / air supply device for pressure reduction during pouring and cooling after pouring will be described using means 23.

[0520] In the present embodiment, first, a plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 each having an open end 62 to be brought into contact with the bowl-shaped outer surface 26 are attached to the lifting means 19 for lifting and lowering vertically with respect to the bowl-shaped outer surface 26. A plurality of decompression boxes 28 are connected sideways so as to cover the entire surface of one bowl-shaped outer surface 26 except for the gate portion 15. That is, one wedge-shaped outer surface 26 is virtually divided into a plurality of wedge-shaped segments so that the suction bow I or air can be supplied from each portion.

Next, in the plurality of decompression boxes 28, the suction port 31 and the air supply port 32 are provided on the opposite side of the opening end 62, and these are provided in the upper part of the plurality of decompression boxes 28. It communicates with 63 and the air supply chamber 64 respectively. The suction port 31 is in direct communication with the suction chamber 63, and the force supply port 32 is in communication with the air supply chamber 64 through a communication pipe 65 passing through the suction chamber 63.

In the suction chamber 63 and the air supply chamber 64, suction flow rate control means 29 and suction air flow amount control means 33 for individually controlling the suction amount and the air supply amount respectively can be moved up and down by the mechanism of the pressing valve. It is provided at six six. The suction chamber 63 is in communication with the pressure reducing device, and the air feeding chamber 64 is in communication with the air compression device. The suction flow rate control means 29 and the air flow amount control means 33 are not necessarily limited to those of the pressing valve mechanism shown in this embodiment, and any control means other than the suction flow rate control means 29 and the air flow amount control means 33 have the same action and effect.

The operation and effects of the apparatus will be described with this configuration. A plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 are disposed so as to cover one wedge outer surface 26, and this is placed in contact with the wedge outer surface 26 to perform pressure reduction. At that time, a plurality of vent holes 27 are provided at selected positions in the bowl shape, and the suction flow rate and the air flow rate of each pressure reduction box 28 are controlled by flow control means 29 and 33 so that a predetermined pressure reduction distribution can be obtained. Control.

[0524] Some of the plurality of decompression boxes 28 will be brought into contact with the site without vent holes. Force can be applied to the site if necessary. This is an effect of connecting the plurality of pressure reducing boxes 28 to cover the wedge-shaped outer surface 26.

[0525] In the case of depressurization at the time of pouring, suction is mainly used, and air supply is supplementarily used at a site where the degree of depressurization is to be reduced. In addition, in the cooling after pouring, a combination of intake and air supply is used. Especially strong The cooling effect is greater if the air is supplied to the part where the cooling was given.

The configuration similar to that of the present apparatus is already shown in the seventh embodiment. In the seventh embodiment, flow control means for suction and air supply are provided directly in the suction port and air supply hole of each decompression pottery without providing the suction chamber 63 and the air supply chamber 64 as in this embodiment. . The suction and air supply device of the seventh embodiment also works and the effect is exactly the same as that of the present embodiment. Also, as in the fifth embodiment, suction and pressure reduction can be performed only with the air intake port without providing the air supply port.

Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of pressure reducing boxes are connected sideways to cover the outer surface of the bowl shape, but as shown in Example 11, a plurality of separated pressure reducing boxes are connected without being connected. It can also be used as In this case, a plurality of pressure reducing boxes are brought into contact with a plurality of vent holes provided on the outer surface of the bowl so as to perform suction or air supply.

In this case, since the number of vacuum boxes for suction or air supply is small, the overall control accuracy of suction or air supply is slightly inferior to that of the present embodiment, but the position, size and depth of the vent hole are small. By making the height and the like appropriate, it is possible to obtain almost the same effects of pressure reduction and cooling.

As described above, highly accurate pressure reduction control and cooling control become possible by the suction and air supply device of the present embodiment. This device is one of the basic elements of the high-precision reduced pressure fabrication method of the present invention.

Example 29

[0530] Fig. 39 shows Example 29. In this embodiment, in the suction and air feeding device shown in the twenty-eighth embodiment using means 24, suction and air feeding where the positions of a plurality of pressure reducing boxes can be freely changed in a plane parallel to the outer surface of the bowl. The apparatus will be described.

[0531] In the present example, a plurality of decompression boxes are used separately, and the position of each decompression pump can be in contact with a plurality of ventilation holes provided in the paddle. It was possible to change freely in the plane parallel to the surface.

That is, as shown in FIG. 39, four stringers 67 are placed on two stringers 66, each stringer

67 is configured to be freely movable in the X direction 88 above the crossbeam 66. In addition, four decompression boxes 28 are mounted on the longitudinal girder 67 so as to be freely movable in the Y direction 89 along the longitudinal girder 67.

[0533] As a result, the four decompression boxes 28 can be freely positioned in the X and Y directions. The multiple vent holes provided in the mold can be placed in contact with each other easily at any position. In addition, the moving means of the decompression box is not limited to the means using the cross beam and the longitudinal beam shown in the present embodiment, and the action and effect are the same if it is a means which can freely move in the XY direction. .

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a view showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a view showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

3] A diagram showing Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a view showing Example 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a view showing Example 5 of the present invention.

[6] It is a figure showing Example 6 of the present invention.

[7] It is a figure showing Example 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a plurality of embedded segments according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

9] A diagram showing Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a state during pouring of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

[FIG. 11] A diagram showing a state after pouring of water in Example 9 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a state during pouring of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a state after pouring of water in Example 10 of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a view showing a state during pouring of Embodiment 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a view showing a state after pouring of water in Example 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a view showing a state during pouring of Embodiment 12 of the present invention.

圆 17] It is a figure which shows the state after pouring of Example 12 of this invention.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a state during pouring of Embodiment 13 of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a view showing a state after pouring of water in Example 13 of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a view showing a state during pouring of Embodiment 14 of the present invention.

圆 21] It is a figure showing the state after pouring of Embodiment 14 of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a view showing a state during pouring of Embodiment 15 of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a view showing a state after pouring the melt in Example 15 of the present invention. FIG. 24 is a drawing showing Embodiment 16 of the present invention.

[25] This is a diagram showing Embodiment 17 of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a view showing the state during pouring of Embodiment 18 of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a view showing the state after pouring of the example 18 of the present invention.

圆 28] A diagram showing Embodiment 19 of the present invention.

FIG. 29 shows Example 20 of the present invention.

Fig. 30 is a diagram showing Embodiment 21 of the present invention.

Fig. 31 is a diagram showing Embodiment 22 of the present invention.

圆 32] is a drawing showing Embodiment 23 of the present invention.

33] A diagram showing Embodiment 24 of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a cooling curve of Example 25 of the present invention.

Fig. 35 is a view showing coagulated tissue of Example 25 of the present invention.

FIG. 36 shows Example 26 of the present invention.

[37] It is a figure showing Example 27 of the present invention.

[38] is a diagram showing Embodiment 28 of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a diagram showing Embodiment 29 of the present invention.

[Fig. 40] This is a view showing the whole pressure reducing forging method using the airtight container of the prior art. 41] It is a figure which shows the partial pressure reduction structure method using the void | hole part of a prior art. Explanation of sign

1 fence frame

2 upper frame

3 lower frame

4 bowl type

5 upper type

6 Lower type

7 Heat seal member (upper)

8 Phase seal member (middle)

9 Fare seal member (top) Plate

The cay

Product department

Hot water part

Runner club

Gate

Decompression hood

Suction hole

Suction tube

Lifting means

Packing

Pouring mouth

Foam resin

Molten metal

Weight

Vinyl

Wedge-shaped outer surface

Vent hole

Decompression box

Suction flow control means

Airtight hood

Suction port

Air supply port

Air flow control means

Vertical segment

Desired portion of the cavity

Inlet to desired portion of cavity Top of desired portion of cavity 8 Other Cavity Part 9 Boundaries

0 vent holes extending horizontally

1 Ventilation holes extending vertically

2 bowl top

3 Vertical transport tool

4 Clamp member

5 Mold

6 drilled holes

7 vents

8 airtight container

9 recess

0 Foam resin as a vent sealing member 1 Steel plate as a vent sealing member 2 Shell piece as a runner blocking member 3 Sealing blocking member

4 cooling holes

5 core core part

Bonding surface of a bowl

7 Air supply hole 8 communicating with base wood part Air supply hole 9 communicating with mating surface 9 Air supply hole

0 Air tube

1 Suction air supply means

2 Open end

3 suction chamber

4th delivery

5 Connecting pipe Liftable means

Cross beam

Vertical digit

Pressure reducing device

Air compressor

Raw material preheating device

Heat exchange device

Airtight cover material

Hot water or vomit

Hole part

Core

Hino letter

Imaginary ridge-shaped dividing line Flow of gas sucked and discharged Flow of compressed air

Control signal flow

Eutectic temperature line

Eutectoid transformation region

Natural cooling curve

Control cooling curve

Metal structure in natural cooling. Metallic yarn in controlled cooling.

X direction

Y direction

Direction of elevation of elevation means Flow of data signal Non-air permeable member

Segment for strong pressure reduction M Medium pressure reduction segment

W A weak pressure reduction segment

E Cooling rate

F Distance from the inside of the heddle frame

ML type

VB decompression box

CM air flow · Temperature measuring means

CC air flow control means

CE air compressor

VM suction flow, temperature control means

VC suction flow control means

VE decompression device

CL operation means

TP temperature (° C)

TM time

Division in the X direction of X1, X2, X3, X4 form Yl, Y2, Υ3, Division of the form in Υ4 form

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] A light seal member is provided on the upper surface and the Z or lower surface of the rod frame, and the air-permeable rod formed on the rod frame is placed on the platen and the air-permeable rod is not ventilated on the upper surface. The pressure-reducing structure is characterized in that an airtight member made of an insulating material is placed, and the molten metal is poured while depressurizing the air-permeable wedge through the suction holes provided in at least one place of the airtight member. Law.

[2] At least one outer surface of the breathable cage is provided with a plurality of vent holes different in diameter and Z or depth from the outer surface of the outer surface force, and from the outer surface of the breathable cage. A partial pressure reduction zone is formed around each of the plurality of vent holes in the mold, and the molten metal is poured in a predetermined pressure reduction distribution ^ iij in the air-permeable mold type cavity. Reduced pressure construction method.

[3] At least one outer surface of the air-permeable cage is provided with a plurality of air holes directed from the outer surface toward the inner side of the cylinder, and the plurality of air holes are individually bowed or insufflated. A partial pressure reduction zone is formed around each of the plurality of vent holes in the mold, and a predetermined pressure distribution is created in the gas-permeable mold cavity to pour a molten metal.

[4] At least one outer surface of the breathable cage is provided with a plurality of air holes extending from the outer surface toward the interior of the cage, and a plurality of all or part of the outer surface of the breathable cage is virtually provided. Divided into vertical segments and suction or supply air separately to the plurality of vertical segments to form partial pressure reduction zones around the plurality of vent holes, respectively. A decompression structure method characterized in that a molten metal is poured by creating a decompression distribution of

[5] According to the construction method of pouring molten metal of specific weight γ into air-permeable mold, at least the melt of the air-permeable mold-shaped cavity is filled with the desired degree of pressure reduction of the cavity portion, The inflow force of the molten metal to the desired cavity portion The height of the desired portion to the top of the desired cavity portion The static pressure of the molten metal determined by Η The negative pressure is set to a value greater than the absolute value of γΗ A molten metal having a volume substantially equal to that of the volume is poured, and the molten metal is filled and solidified only in the desired cavity portion.

[6] In the reduced pressure drilling method according to claim 5, the desired cavity to be filled with the molten metal is a negative pressure state in which a partial pressure reduction degree is a value equal to or more than the absolute value of the molten metal static pressure y and others A reduced pressure construction method characterized in that it is higher than the degree of pressure reduction of the cavity portion of

[7] According to the construction method of pouring a molten metal having a specific weight γ into an air-permeable mold, the volume of the desired cavity portion filled with the molten metal of the air-permeable mold-type cavity is approximately equal to the volume After starting pouring of a volume of molten metal, the pressure reduction degree of the desired cavity portion filled with at least the molten metal of the air-permeable cage-type cavity is determined by the melt flow-in force of the molten metal to the desired cavity portion. The reduced pressure structure method is characterized in that the negative pressure is set to a value equal to or more than the absolute value of the static metal static pressure determined by the height to the top of the part, and the molten metal is filled and solidified substantially only in the desired cavity. .

[8] In the decompression structure method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, at least one outer surface of the air-permeable wedge, the outer surface force, the inward force, the diameter and the wedge. Alternatively, a plurality of vent holes of different depths may be provided, and a partial pressure reduction zone may be formed around each of the plurality of vent holes in the mold by reducing the pressure from the outer surface of the breathable mold. A decompression structure method characterized in that a molten metal is poured by creating a predetermined decompression distribution in a cavity.

[9] The pressure-reducing construction method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein at least one outer surface of the breathable cage is a plurality of vents directed from the outer surface toward the interior of the cage. A hole is formed, and a plurality of suction holes I are individually supplied to the plurality of vent holes, and a partial pressure reduction zone is formed around the plurality of vent holes in the mold, and the breathable pot-shaped cavity is formed. The pressure reduction structure method characterized in that a molten metal is poured by creating a predetermined pressure reduction distribution.

[10] In the reduced pressure method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, at least one outer surface of the breathable wedge is provided with a plurality of vent holes extending from the outer surface to the inside of the wedge, The whole or a part of the outer surface of the mold is virtually divided into a plurality of wedge-shaped segments, and the plurality of wedge-shaped segments are individually suctioned I or insufflated so as to respectively surround the plurality of vent holes. A reduced pressure construction method characterized in that a partial pressure reduction zone is formed, a predetermined pressure reduction distribution is created in the air-permeable wedge-shaped cavity, and a molten metal is poured.

[11] In the reduced pressure structure method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, non-air-permeable or weir-shaped air permeability in the vicinity of the boundary between the desired cavity portion filled with the molten metal and the other cavity portion. It is characterized in that the molten metal is poured while performing a pressure reduction of a bowl shape by installing a gas-permeable sealing member which has a lower air permeability than the above and which disappears or melts due to the heat of the molten metal. Reduced pressure construction method.

[12] The reduced pressure structure method according to claim 11, characterized in that a time until the elimination or melting is 2 seconds or more and 5 seconds or less after the aeration and sealing member is in contact with the molten metal.

[13] In the reduced pressure construction method according to any one of claims 5 to 12, V filled with the molten metal, a refractory material having a specific gravity smaller than that of the molten metal in the vicinity of the boundary between the desired cavity part and the other cavity parts. The molten metal blocking member is disposed in the recess provided in the lower portion of the cavity near the boundary, and the molten metal blocking member floats by buoyancy after pouring is completed, and blocks the molten metal in the vicinity of the boundary. Decompression construction method.

[14] The reduced-pressure structure method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein a recess is provided in the lower part of the cavity near the boundary between the desired cavity to be filled with the molten metal and the other cavity; Seal that integrates an air-permeable sealing member that has an air permeability lower than that of non-air-permeable or cage-type and that loses or melts due to the heat of the molten metal and a molten metal blocking member made of a refractory material smaller in specific gravity than molten metal. A pressure reduction structure method characterized in that a shutoff member is installed and pressure reduction is not performed by pouring a molten metal.

[15] In the reduced pressure structure method according to any one of claims 5 to 14, the outer surface force of the air-permeable mold is ventilated to the vicinity of the boundary between the desired cavity part to be filled with the molten metal and the other cavity part. Holes and Z or cooling holes are provided, and after pouring is completed, suction or air is supplied from the vent holes and Z or cooling holes to promote coagulation in the vicinity of the boundary. Construction method.

[16] In the reduced pressure method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, the outer surface of the breathable cage is communicated with the core wood portion of the core set in the cage and the mating surface of the Z or the cage. A decompression hole is provided, and molten metal is poured while supplying compressed air to the air delivery hole.

[17] The reduced pressure forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the pouring temperature is set to 1300 ° C. or less when pouring molten molten iron.

[18] In the reduced pressure construction method according to any one of claims 3 and 4 and claims 9 to 17, a plurality of vent holes provided from the outer surface to the inside of the breathable cage after pouring, cooling By controlling the flow rate of the gas that is sucked or fed through each part such as the hole and the wedge-shaped segment, Desired site force of the filled molten metal The solidification is gradually progressed.

[19] In the reduced pressure structure method according to any one of claims 3 and 4 and claims 9 to 17, after pouring, suction is performed from each of the vent holes, the cooling holes and the wedge segments. Based on the temperature of each gas body to be discharged, or the temperature and flow rate data, the cooling state of the molten metal filled in the air-permeable cage is estimated, and the suction flow rate to each part of the air-permeable cage is calculated. And Z or the reduced pressure structure method characterized by controlling the cooling state of the molten metal by controlling the amount of air flow.

[20] In the reduced pressure structure method according to any one of claims 3 and 4 and claims 9 to 18, after pouring, suction is performed from each part such as the vent holes, the cooling holes and the wedge segments. Based on the temperature of each gas body to be discharged, or the temperature and flow rate data, the cooling state of the molten metal filled in the air-permeable cage is estimated, and the suction flow rate to each part of the air-permeable cage is calculated. And Z or controlling the amount of air flow to control the cooling state of the molten metal to adjust the final solidification structure of the charged molten metal.

[21] In the reduced pressure method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, after pouring, the pouring port or the spout portion is closed by a member which is less permeable than a non-air-permeable member or a bowl-shaped member. A reduced pressure construction method characterized in that the pressure is reduced until solidification.

[22] In the reduced pressure structure method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, the gas sucked and discharged from the air-permeable mold is subjected to heat exchange in a heat exchanger, and subjected to preheating of Z or dissolved material. A manufacturing system characterized in that the heat of the molten metal is recovered by that.

[23] A device for performing suction and depressurization by being placed on the outer surface of a bowl, and a plurality of decompression boxes having open ends being brought into contact with the outer surface of the bowl in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the bowl. Each of the plurality of decompression boxes is provided with a suction port in communication with the decompression device and an air feed port in communication with the Z or air compression device, and each of the plurality of pressure reducing boxes is provided A suction and insufflation apparatus characterized by having a flow control means for individually controlling a flow rate.

[24] A suction and air supply apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that the positions of the plurality of pressure reduction boxes can be freely changed in a plane parallel to the outer surface of the bowl.