US4588480A - Method of producing wear-protection layers on surfaces of structural parts of titanium or titanium-base alloys - Google Patents
Method of producing wear-protection layers on surfaces of structural parts of titanium or titanium-base alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4588480A US4588480A US06/612,793 US61279384A US4588480A US 4588480 A US4588480 A US 4588480A US 61279384 A US61279384 A US 61279384A US 4588480 A US4588480 A US 4588480A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- nickel
- titanium
- effected
- tini
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title abstract description 37
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 title description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 63
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229910010381 TiNi3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 hexafluorosilicic acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000749 nitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/60—After-treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of producing wear protection layers on surfaces of structural parts of titanium or titanium-base alloys.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method by which a wear protection layer can be produced on a titanium material which has particularly high resistance to abrasion and erosion and which retains its intimate bond to the titanium material even under extreme operating conditions.
- a metallic layer of nickel is applied in strongly bonded fashion to the surface of a structural part of titanium or titanium based alloy, whereupon the structural part is subjected, in air or vacuum, to a heat treatment such that diffusion layers of Ti 2 Ni and TiNi 3 are formed between the titanium base material, on the one hand, and the layer of nickel, on the other hand, whereafter the layer of nickel which is still present is removed.
- An essential concept of the invention is that the nickel coating is used merely to form the diffusion layers with the titanium base material and is then itself removed so that the problem of the bond strength of the nickel layer is no longer of importance.
- the TiNi 3 layer which forms the cover layer after removal of the remaining nickel layer, has an extremely high resistance to wear since it reaches degrees of hardness in the vicinity of 1000 HV. Because of the brittleness connected therewith, a structural part having a cover layer of TiNi 3 is suitable, in particular, to the case of static operation.
- the TiNi 3 layer is also removed in addition to the nickel layer so that the layer of Ti 2 Ni remains as the cover layer.
- the hardness of this layer is still considerable and amounts to about 600 HV; however, it is more ductile than the TiNi 3 layer.
- the invention contemplates the production of a wear protection coating on the surface of a structural part made of titanium or a titanium-base alloy which comprises first applying a metallic nickel layer to the surface of the structural part and thereafter subjecting the thus coated structural part, in air or in vacuum, to a heat treatment to form diffusion layers of Ti 2 Ni and TiNi 3 between the titanium material and the nickel layer whereafter the nickel layer is removed.
- a wear protection coating on the surface of a structural part made of titanium or a titanium-base alloy which comprises first applying a metallic nickel layer to the surface of the structural part and thereafter subjecting the thus coated structural part, in air or in vacuum, to a heat treatment to form diffusion layers of Ti 2 Ni and TiNi 3 between the titanium material and the nickel layer whereafter the nickel layer is removed.
- the titanium material will now be coated with the diffusion layers of Ti 2 Ni and TiNi 3 .
- the TiNi 3 layer can be removed to leave only the Ti 2 Ni layer exposed on the surface of the titanium part.
- the titanium surface is treated by an eroding process such as etching and activation is conventional before the application of the nickel layer.
- the etching and activation can be carried out in accordance with the disclosure in DE OS No. 31 33 189 and corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,039. Therein is disclosed that the etching is effected in a solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid and the activation is effected in a bath consisting of chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid and hexafluorosilicic acid.
- the metallic nickel is applied in a layer having a thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the layer of nickel can be deposited electrolytically or chemically on the titanium structural part. Electrolytic deposition is preferably effected in a galvanic bath with nickel sulphamate. Chemical deposition of the nickel layer is preferably effected by reacting the titanium surface in a bath consisting of a nickel salt, a complexing agent and a chemical reducing agent, such as hypophosphite.
- the heat treatment for the production of the diffusion layers is preferably effected at temperatures of 400 to 950° C. with a duration of 30 minutes to 300 hours, the high temperatures being employed for shorter periods of time and vice versa. Temperature and time determine the layer thickness of the diffusion zones which are formed.
- the sequence of the layers from the outside to the inside is: nickel, TiNi 3 , Ti 2 Ni, and titanium or titanium alloy material.
- the removal of the nickel cover layer or the nickel cover layer plus the TiNi 3 layer is effected chemically by the action of HNO 3 or by a nitroaromatic solution (cyanidic) at temperatures between 10° and 60° C.
- the time for removal of the layers is between 15 minutes and 2 hours, depending on the thickness of the residual layer of nickel, the concentration of the removal bath, and the temperature of the bath.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
A method of producing a wear protection coating on a surface of a structural part of titanium or a titanium base alloy comprising applying a metallic nickel layer which adheres to the surface of the structural part and thereafter subjecting the thus coated structural part to a heat treatment to form diffusion layers of Ti2 Ni and TiNi3 between the titanium and the nickel. Thereafter, the layer of nickel alone or with the layer of TiNi3 is removed to leave the titanium part covered by a protection layer of the remaining diffusion layer.
Description
The invention relates to a method of producing wear protection layers on surfaces of structural parts of titanium or titanium-base alloys.
Due to the relatively poor resistance to wear of titanium materials, it has been known for a long time to provide surface protection layers on the titanium materials. Chemicals and electrochemical methods for the coating of titanium materials are known. Thus, it is known from MTU-Berichte 83/87 published by MTU MOTOREN-UND TURBINEN-UNION MUNCHEN GMBH, in an article by M. Thoma (the inventor herein) entitled "Titanium Surfacing Techniques" to deposit coating materials from galvanic baths onto the surface of titanium materials. It has been found that by these methods, strongly adherent protective layers can generally be obtained but, in the case of greater mechanical or thermal stressing of structural parts coated in this manner, even greater bond strength of the wear protection layers would be desirable.
From the "12th Annual Airlines Plating Forum," 1976, page 5, in an article written by Jennings, a method is described in which a coating of nickel is applied to a titanium structural part and the bond strength of this nickel layer is increased by diffusion heat treatment at 480° C. Apart from the fact that nickel is not particularly suitable as a wear protection layer, it is found that under certain operating conditions, the bond strength is still not sufficient and that the layer of nickel becomes detached in whole or in part.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method by which a wear protection layer can be produced on a titanium material which has particularly high resistance to abrasion and erosion and which retains its intimate bond to the titanium material even under extreme operating conditions.
In accordance with the above and other objects of the invention, a metallic layer of nickel is applied in strongly bonded fashion to the surface of a structural part of titanium or titanium based alloy, whereupon the structural part is subjected, in air or vacuum, to a heat treatment such that diffusion layers of Ti2 Ni and TiNi3 are formed between the titanium base material, on the one hand, and the layer of nickel, on the other hand, whereafter the layer of nickel which is still present is removed.
An essential concept of the invention is that the nickel coating is used merely to form the diffusion layers with the titanium base material and is then itself removed so that the problem of the bond strength of the nickel layer is no longer of importance. This constitutes a considerable advantage of the method of the invention over traditional methods of coating since the wear protection layers, namely the intermetallic phases Ti2 Ni and TiNi3 are homogeneously bonded to the titanium base material. The TiNi3 layer, which forms the cover layer after removal of the remaining nickel layer, has an extremely high resistance to wear since it reaches degrees of hardness in the vicinity of 1000 HV. Because of the brittleness connected therewith, a structural part having a cover layer of TiNi3 is suitable, in particular, to the case of static operation.
If structural parts are to be provided with surface protection layers which are subjected to rotating or oscillating stresses then, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the TiNi3 layer is also removed in addition to the nickel layer so that the layer of Ti2 Ni remains as the cover layer. The hardness of this layer is still considerable and amounts to about 600 HV; however, it is more ductile than the TiNi3 layer.
Further advantages of the method of the invention reside in the fact that the rate of diffusion of nickel in titanium is exceptionally high and accordingly the heat treatment takes only a relatively short period of time in the case of relatively thin layers. Another advantage of the method of the invention is that the diffusion layers are formed in very uniform manner over the entire surface of the titanium structural part, namely, both with respect to the distribution of the thickness and with respect to the composition. Thus, the method of the invention is suitable for mass production since there is a high degree of reproducibility.
The invention contemplates the production of a wear protection coating on the surface of a structural part made of titanium or a titanium-base alloy which comprises first applying a metallic nickel layer to the surface of the structural part and thereafter subjecting the thus coated structural part, in air or in vacuum, to a heat treatment to form diffusion layers of Ti2 Ni and TiNi3 between the titanium material and the nickel layer whereafter the nickel layer is removed. As a consequence, the titanium material will now be coated with the diffusion layers of Ti2 Ni and TiNi3.
Under selected circumstances such as where the outer layer of TiNi3 may be too brittle for the usage of the particular part the TiNi3 layer can be removed to leave only the Ti2 Ni layer exposed on the surface of the titanium part.
In order to obtain a desired bonding strength of the metallic nickel layer and the titanium material, the titanium surface is treated by an eroding process such as etching and activation is conventional before the application of the nickel layer.
The etching and activation, can be carried out in accordance with the disclosure in DE OS No. 31 33 189 and corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,039. Therein is disclosed that the etching is effected in a solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid and the activation is effected in a bath consisting of chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid and hexafluorosilicic acid.
Depending on the thickness desired for the wear protection layers which are formed on the surface of the titanium structural part, the metallic nickel is applied in a layer having a thickness of 5 to 50 μm.
The layer of nickel can be deposited electrolytically or chemically on the titanium structural part. Electrolytic deposition is preferably effected in a galvanic bath with nickel sulphamate. Chemical deposition of the nickel layer is preferably effected by reacting the titanium surface in a bath consisting of a nickel salt, a complexing agent and a chemical reducing agent, such as hypophosphite.
The heat treatment for the production of the diffusion layers is preferably effected at temperatures of 400 to 950° C. with a duration of 30 minutes to 300 hours, the high temperatures being employed for shorter periods of time and vice versa. Temperature and time determine the layer thickness of the diffusion zones which are formed. The sequence of the layers from the outside to the inside is: nickel, TiNi3, Ti2 Ni, and titanium or titanium alloy material.
Upon heat treatment of the titanium or titanium alloy material at 600° C. for eight hours, two diffusion layers of TiNi3 and Ti2 Ni are formed, each layer having a thickness of about 4 μm. The hardness of the diffusion layers thus produced differs very substantially from the initial materials of nickel and titanium, as can be seen from the following tabulated hardness values:
Nickel: 140 HV
TiNi3 : 1000 HV
Ti2 Ni: 600 HV
TiAl6 V4 : 240 HV
It is advantageous for the removal of the nickel cover layer or the nickel cover layer plus the TiNi3 layer to be effected chemically by the action of HNO3 or by a nitroaromatic solution (cyanidic) at temperatures between 10° and 60° C. The time for removal of the layers is between 15 minutes and 2 hours, depending on the thickness of the residual layer of nickel, the concentration of the removal bath, and the temperature of the bath.
Although the invention has been described in relation to preferred embodiments thereof, it will become apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications and variations can be made within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined in the attached claims.
Claims (17)
1. A method of producing a wear-protection coating on a surface of a structural part of titanium or a titanium-base alloy comprising applying a metallic nickel layer which adheres to the surface of the structural part, and subjecting the thus coated structural part to a heat treatment to form diffusion layers of Ti2 Ni and TiNi3 between the titanium material, on the one hand, and the layer of nickel, on the other hand, and thereafter chemically removing all of the layer of nickel still present to expose one of the diffusion layers.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, comprising removing the layer of TiNi3 in addition to the layer of nickel.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, comprising eroding the surface of the structural part containing titanium material before applying the nickel layer to enhance the strength of bond between the metallic nickel layer and the titanium material.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the eroding of the surface comprises etching and activation of said surface.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said etching is effected in a solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid and the activation is effected in a bath consisting of chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid and hexafluorosilicic acid.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metallic nickel is applied in a layer having a thickness of 5 to 50 μm.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the layer of nickel is deposited electrolytically.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the electrolytic deposit of nickel is effected in a galvanic bath containing nickel sulfamate.
9. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the layer of nickel is deposited chemically.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the chemical deposit of nickel is effected by reaction of the titanium surface with a bath consisting of Ni salt, a complexing agent, and a chemical reducing agent.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the chemical reducing agent is hypophosphite.
12. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heat treatment is effected at a temperature of 400° to 950° C. for a period of 30 minutes to 300 hours.
13. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical removal of the layer of nickel is effected by the action of HNO3 or a cyanidic nitroaromatic solution at temperatures between 10° and 60° C.
14. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the chemical removal of the TiNi3 layer is effected by the action of HNO3 or a cyanidic nitroaromatic solution at temperatures between 10° and 60° C.
15. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heat treatment is effected at 600° C.
16. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the heat treatment is effected for 8 hours.
17. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the layers of Ti2 Ni and TiNi3 are of equal thickness, the layer of TiNi3 being of greater hardness than the layer of Ti2 Ni.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3321231A DE3321231C2 (en) | 1983-06-11 | 1983-06-11 | Process for the production of wear protection layers on the surfaces of components made of titanium or titanium-based alloys |
| DE3321231 | 1983-06-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4588480A true US4588480A (en) | 1986-05-13 |
Family
ID=6201312
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/612,793 Expired - Fee Related US4588480A (en) | 1983-06-11 | 1984-05-22 | Method of producing wear-protection layers on surfaces of structural parts of titanium or titanium-base alloys |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4588480A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0128383B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3321231C2 (en) |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4683648A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-08-04 | Allied Corporation | Lead-titanium, bipolar electrode in a lead-acid battery |
| US4902388A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1990-02-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for electroplating nickel onto titanium alloys |
| US4970560A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-11-13 | Xerox Corporation | Lubricated metal cleaning blade for use in dry electrophotographic processes |
| US4988415A (en) * | 1987-05-20 | 1991-01-29 | Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh | Method of producing an anti-wear coating including a chromium layer on a surface of a structural part of titanium or titanium-based alloy |
| GB2238320A (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-05-29 | Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co Ltd | Ni-Ti alloy production |
| USRE33800E (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1992-01-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for electroplating nickel onto titanium alloys |
| US5102697A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1992-04-07 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Muenchen Gmbh | Structural component made of a titanium alloy and covered by a protective coating and method for producing the coating |
| US5116430A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1992-05-26 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Process for surface treatment titanium-containing metallic material |
| US5258098A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1993-11-02 | Cycam, Inc. | Method of production of a surface adapted to promote adhesion |
| US5300159A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1994-04-05 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Method for manufacturing superplastic forming/diffusion bonding tools from titanium |
| WO1996036084A1 (en) * | 1995-04-17 | 1996-11-14 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Electrochemical hydrogen storage alloys and batteries fabricated from mg containing base alloys |
| US20020072235A1 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2002-06-13 | Sadao Haga | Mixed acid solution in etching process, process for producing the same, etching process using the same and process for producing semiconductor device |
| US6463992B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2002-10-15 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Method of manufacturing seamless self-supporting aerodynamically contoured sheet metal aircraft engine parts using nickel vapor deposition |
| US20040173466A1 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-09 | Com Dev Ltd. | Titanium-containing metals with adherent coatings and methods for producing same |
| US20040173465A1 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-09 | Com Dev Ltd. | Method of surface treating titanium-containing metals followed by plating in the same electrolyte bath and parts made in accordance therewith |
| US6800326B1 (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 2004-10-05 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method of treating a surface of a surface of a substrate containing titanium for an ornament |
| US20100028713A1 (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2010-02-04 | Nardi Aaron T | Method and article for improved adhesion of fatigue-prone components |
| US20100176095A1 (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-07-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Methods and designs for forming joints between metallic members |
| CN111748818A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-09 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Solution and method for quickly removing nickel-cadmium diffusion layer on surface of structural steel |
| US10821000B2 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2020-11-03 | Titan Spine, Inc. | Titanium implant surfaces free from alpha case and with enhanced osteoinduction |
| US11370025B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2022-06-28 | Titan Spine, Inc. | Processes for additively manufacturing orthopedic implants followed by eroding |
| US11510786B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2022-11-29 | Titan Spine, Inc. | Corpectomy implants with roughened bioactive lateral surfaces |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2188942B (en) * | 1986-04-11 | 1990-04-04 | Rolls Royce Plc | Protective coating |
| DE3906187C1 (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1989-10-26 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Titanium alloy component with a protective layer and process for its production |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2946728A (en) * | 1955-06-23 | 1960-07-26 | Cleveland Pneumatic Ind Inc | Adherent electroplating on titanium |
| US3560274A (en) * | 1969-10-10 | 1971-02-02 | Ibm | Wear-resistant titanium and titanium alloys and method for producing same |
| US3647647A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1972-03-07 | United Aircraft Corp | Process for plating titanium |
| US4236940A (en) * | 1979-06-12 | 1980-12-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Wear resistant titanium alloy coating |
| US4414039A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-11-08 | Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh | Method of activating titanium surfaces |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5891165A (en) * | 1981-11-27 | 1983-05-31 | Fujitsu Ltd | Manufacture of hammer |
-
1983
- 1983-06-11 DE DE3321231A patent/DE3321231C2/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-05-15 EP EP84105503A patent/EP0128383B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-22 US US06/612,793 patent/US4588480A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
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| US2946728A (en) * | 1955-06-23 | 1960-07-26 | Cleveland Pneumatic Ind Inc | Adherent electroplating on titanium |
| US3647647A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1972-03-07 | United Aircraft Corp | Process for plating titanium |
| US3560274A (en) * | 1969-10-10 | 1971-02-02 | Ibm | Wear-resistant titanium and titanium alloys and method for producing same |
| US4236940A (en) * | 1979-06-12 | 1980-12-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Wear resistant titanium alloy coating |
| US4414039A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-11-08 | Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh | Method of activating titanium surfaces |
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| Title |
|---|
| Chemical Abstract, vol. 80, 1984, p. 163. * |
| F. A. Lowenheim, Electroplating, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1978, pp. 389 393. * |
| F. A. Lowenheim, Electroplating, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1978, pp. 389-393. |
| Metal Finishing 51st Guidebook Directory 1983, pp. 280, 282. * |
| Metal Finishing-51st Guidebook Directory-1983, pp. 280, 282. |
| Nickel & Chromium Plating Dennis et al., 1972, Newnes Butterworths, London, pp. 277 278. * |
| Nickel & Chromium Plating-Dennis et al., 1972, Newnes-Butterworths, London, pp. 277-278. |
| Patent Abstracts of Japan No. 58 91165, 5/1983. * |
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Cited By (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4683648A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-08-04 | Allied Corporation | Lead-titanium, bipolar electrode in a lead-acid battery |
| US4988415A (en) * | 1987-05-20 | 1991-01-29 | Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh | Method of producing an anti-wear coating including a chromium layer on a surface of a structural part of titanium or titanium-based alloy |
| US5300159A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1994-04-05 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Method for manufacturing superplastic forming/diffusion bonding tools from titanium |
| US4970560A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-11-13 | Xerox Corporation | Lubricated metal cleaning blade for use in dry electrophotographic processes |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3321231C2 (en) | 1985-10-31 |
| DE3321231A1 (en) | 1984-12-13 |
| EP0128383A1 (en) | 1984-12-19 |
| EP0128383B1 (en) | 1988-11-09 |
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