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US3361547A - Detection of gas leaks - Google Patents

Detection of gas leaks Download PDF

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Publication number
US3361547A
US3361547A US567368A US56736866A US3361547A US 3361547 A US3361547 A US 3361547A US 567368 A US567368 A US 567368A US 56736866 A US56736866 A US 56736866A US 3361547 A US3361547 A US 3361547A
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Prior art keywords
gas
gases
visible
leaks
color
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US567368A
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Joseph J Packo
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American National Bank and Trust Company of Fort Lauderdale
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Individual
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Priority to DE19641442826 priority Critical patent/DE1442826C3/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US567368A priority patent/US3361547A/en
Priority to GB4752667A priority patent/GB1181426A/en
Priority to NL6714445A priority patent/NL145045B/en
Priority to AU29046/67A priority patent/AU441721B2/en
Priority to CH1509067A priority patent/CH525707A/en
Priority to DE1967P0043308 priority patent/DE1695509C3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3361547A publication Critical patent/US3361547A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK AND TRUST COMPANY OF FORT LAUDERDALE reassignment AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK AND TRUST COMPANY OF FORT LAUDERDALE CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AMERICAN DYNAMICS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/003—Additives for gaseous fuels
    • C10L3/006—Additives for gaseous fuels detectable by the senses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
    • G01N31/223—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the process of identifying or detecting gas leaks from a closed receptacle or conduit containing a normally colorless gas. More specifically, the invention relates to adding a coloring agent to gases which are substantially colorless to the eye but which will be made visible by the presence of the added coloring agent.
  • An object of the invention is to impart a visible coloration to elemental gases, such as oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen; gaseous compounds, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and acetylene; mixtures of gases; synthetic gases, such as fuel gases; and natural gases, such as natural fuel gases.
  • elemental gases such as oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
  • gaseous compounds such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and acetylene
  • mixtures of gases such as synthetic gases, such as fuel gases
  • natural gases such as natural fuel gases.
  • Another object of the invention is to color gases for the purpose of visually detecting their escape from conduits, tanks, and the like, and to serve as visible warning means when leakage occurs.
  • a further object of the invention is to color normally colorless gases so that they may be readily identified before use or while passing through conduits so that the flow of the gas can be observed through transparent windows provided in the conduits.
  • a coloring agent may be added to fuel gases, such as natural gas, coal gas, water gas, producer gas, acetylene, butane, and propane, so that leakage of such gases may be readily detected in pipe lines or storage receptacles. The leakage of such colored fuel gases can thus be readily observed at any point in the pipe lines without use of expensive equipment. Such colored fuel gases can also serve as a safety warning to the lay person or consumer upon escape.
  • a coloring agent to any gas or gas mixture can also serve as visual identification means when passing through a transparent pipe. For example, specific colors can be used to code and identify specific gases so that no errors will be made in using the proper gas.
  • My invention also contemplates the addition of fluorescent agents to gases so that the gases will emit a distinctive color under ultra-violet light when passing through a transparent conduit.
  • fluorescent agents may be added to gases so that they may be visible to the eye in the dark.
  • pyrophoric or inflammable agents may be added to gases so that upon escape into the atmosphere a flame will be visible.
  • Various other agents may be added to gases so as to produce a visible colored smoke when such gases escape into the air.
  • Oxygen and hydrogen which are at present widely used can be colored with distinctive coloring agents so that they can be readily identified before or during use, thus eliminating the danger of explosions and accidents.
  • identification of colored oxygen, nitrous oxide and other gases which are used would result in greater safety and elimination of mistakes in administering the proper gases to patients.
  • leakage of fuel gas reduces the effective capacity of a distributing system.
  • the detection and location of fuel gas leakage have been previously based on a variety of physical and chemical principles which are costly, require elaborate and expensive equipment and trained technical personnel.
  • the most widely used means is the combustible gas indicator which is based on the controlled aspiration of a sample of the atmosphere to be tested over a hot-wire, catalytic combustion element. The heat of combustion increases the electrical resistance of the wire which is used as a basis for determining the amount of combustible gas present in the sample atmosphere.
  • Infrared gas detectors have also been used which have to be mounted on trucks or automobiles since considerable equipment is involved.
  • My invention provides a simple means for detecting gas leaks by the addition of a coloring agent to the gas.
  • a coloring agent which maybe an inorganic or organic agent and which is stable and non-reactive with the gas.
  • a sufiicient amount of the coloring agent is added so that the gas will be visible to the eye upon escape into the atmosphere or when viewed through a transparent window or conduit.
  • I may add to natural gas, for example, diazomethane which is a yellow gas under normal conditions in amounts from about 10 to 20% by volume to give a distinctive color.
  • Other colored gases which may be used in suitable amounts are chlorine monoxide, a yellow-red gas; chlorine dioxide, a reddish-yellow gas; dinitrogen trioxide, a reddishbrown gas; nitrogen trioxide, a bluish gas; nitrosyl bromide, a brownish gas; nitrosyl chloride, a yellow gas; nitryl chloride, a pale yellow-brown gas; nitrogen dioxide or tetroxide, a reddish-brown gas.
  • I may also add to a gas elemental chlorine which is a greenish gas, or elemental bromine, which is a brownish-red gas, in order to impart color to the gas.
  • gas elemental chlorine which is a greenish gas, or elemental bromine, which is a brownish-red gas
  • These agents must of course be used in compatible environmental conditions which one skilled in the art can readily determine so that the added colored gases will not react with any moisture, or corrode or react with the receptacle or conduit in which the gas is present.
  • the gas should of course also be non-reactive with the added chlorine or bromine.
  • I may also add a suitable reactive agent to a selected gas which is to be colored, so that the added'agent will react with all or a portion of the gas, so as to color the gas.
  • I may also add a suitable opacifying agent to the colored gas so that the color will be accentuated or deepened by reflected light to make it more visible either while passing through a transparent pipe or upon escaping into the air.
  • a suitable opacifying agent such as titanium dioxide
  • very fine dispersed opaque white solids such as titanium dioxide
  • 1 also may add other colored finely divided solids of various shades or finely divided carbon black so as to produce various blends of color or shades of color that may be desired.
  • 1 may also add an agent, such as titanium tetrachloride or stannic chloride, which will produce upon escape into the atmosphere an opacifying background or smoke so as to reflect impinging light and thus accentuate or deepen the color agent in the gas.
  • I may also add to gases pyrophoric gases which will spontaneously ignite in air and produce a visible flame when they escape into the atmosphere, such as, for example, dimethyl arsine, boron hydride, and phosphine.
  • gases pyrophoric gases which will spontaneously ignite in air and produce a visible flame when they escape into the atmosphere, such as, for example, dimethyl arsine, boron hydride, and phosphine.
  • gases extremely finely divided suspended pyrophoric solids such as finely powdered pyrophoric iron particles, finely divided lead, iron oxalate, nickel oxide, and the like, which will spontaneously ignite when gas leakage should occur into the atmosphere.
  • Vapors of phosphorus may also be admixed with gases which upon escape into the atmosphere may phosphoresce in the dark or if present in sufficient conentration may ignite to produce a visible flame.
  • I may add naphthalene or metallic mercury vapors to various gases so that they will
  • my invention is particularly useful for detecting leaks in natural fuel gas pipe line systems at various points in route to the final consumer.
  • My invention also serves as a consumer safety warning agent since the lay person can easily identify any leaks visible by the color of the escaping gas.
  • a further use of the coloration of gases is to identify specific gases supplied through specific pipes made of transparent material so that the color of the gas being fed is visible. Odorants, which are presently in use, may be used if desired in conjunction with coloring agents. Suitable agents may be used which will leave a colored residue in the soil or color vegetation adjacent the points where leaks may occur in fuel gas mains buried in the soil.
  • the process of detecting gas leaks from a conduit through which fuel gas is flowing which comprises the steps of admixing a coloring agent with a fuel gas and transmitting said admixed gas through a conduit, said coloring agent being present in said fuel gas in amount to be visible when said admixed gas escapes or leaks into the atmosphere.
  • the fuel gas is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, coal gas, water gas, producer gas, acetylene, propane and butane,
  • the coloring agent is selected from the group consisting of diazomethane, chlorine monoxide, chlorine dioxide, dinitrogen trioxide, nitrogen trioxide, nitrosyl bromide, nitrosyl chloride, nitryl chloride, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen tetroxide, bromine and chlorine.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,361,547 DETECTIGN 0F GAS LEAKS Joseph J. Packo, 3043 N. Federal Highway, Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 33306 No Drawing. Continuation of application Ser. No. 251,035, Ian. 14, 1963. This application July 25, 1966, Ser. No. 567,368
5 Claims. (Cl. 48193) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The process of identifying or detecting gas leaks from a. closed receptacle or conduit containing a normally colorless gas by adding a distinctive coloring agent to gases which are substantially colorless to the eye but which will be made visible by the presence of the added coloring agent. The colored gases can be also identified before use or while passing through conduits so that the flow of the gas can be observed through transparent windows provided in the conduits.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 251,035, filed Jan. 14, 1963, now abandoned.
This invention relates to the process of identifying or detecting gas leaks from a closed receptacle or conduit containing a normally colorless gas. More specifically, the invention relates to adding a coloring agent to gases which are substantially colorless to the eye but which will be made visible by the presence of the added coloring agent.
An object of the invention is to impart a visible coloration to elemental gases, such as oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen; gaseous compounds, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and acetylene; mixtures of gases; synthetic gases, such as fuel gases; and natural gases, such as natural fuel gases.
Another object of the invention is to color gases for the purpose of visually detecting their escape from conduits, tanks, and the like, and to serve as visible warning means when leakage occurs.
A further object of the invention is to color normally colorless gases so that they may be readily identified before use or while passing through conduits so that the flow of the gas can be observed through transparent windows provided in the conduits.
My invention has wide application to all types of natural and synthetic gases which may be used for domestic and industrial purposes. For example, a coloring agent may be added to fuel gases, such as natural gas, coal gas, water gas, producer gas, acetylene, butane, and propane, so that leakage of such gases may be readily detected in pipe lines or storage receptacles. The leakage of such colored fuel gases can thus be readily observed at any point in the pipe lines without use of expensive equipment. Such colored fuel gases can also serve as a safety warning to the lay person or consumer upon escape. The addition of a coloring agent to any gas or gas mixture can also serve as visual identification means when passing through a transparent pipe. For example, specific colors can be used to code and identify specific gases so that no errors will be made in using the proper gas.
My invention also contemplates the addition of fluorescent agents to gases so that the gases will emit a distinctive color under ultra-violet light when passing through a transparent conduit. Also phosphorescent agents may be added to gases so that they may be visible to the eye in the dark. Also pyrophoric or inflammable agents may be added to gases so that upon escape into the atmosphere a flame will be visible. Various other agents may be added to gases so as to produce a visible colored smoke when such gases escape into the air.
The coloration of gases has many uses, as previously indicated, for easy and quick identification, as well as for Warning purposes. Oxygen and hydrogen which are at present widely used can be colored with distinctive coloring agents so that they can be readily identified before or during use, thus eliminating the danger of explosions and accidents. In the field of medicine and dentistry the identification of colored oxygen, nitrous oxide and other gases which are used would result in greater safety and elimination of mistakes in administering the proper gases to patients.
The article Detection, Repair, and Prevention of Gas Leaks published in American Gas Journal, August 1959, pages 16-28, points out that fuel gas lost through leakage represents a great economic loss today besides po tential hazard to public safety. This article contains a survey of ten company practices and refers to literature references. The article refers to the various methods used to detect gas leaks. It is si nificant that prior to this invention no one has suggested the use of a colored gas in gas systems to detect leaks.
In addition, leakage of fuel gas reduces the effective capacity of a distributing system. The detection and location of fuel gas leakage have been previously based on a variety of physical and chemical principles which are costly, require elaborate and expensive equipment and trained technical personnel. The most widely used means is the combustible gas indicator which is based on the controlled aspiration of a sample of the atmosphere to be tested over a hot-wire, catalytic combustion element. The heat of combustion increases the electrical resistance of the wire which is used as a basis for determining the amount of combustible gas present in the sample atmosphere. Infrared gas detectors have also been used which have to be mounted on trucks or automobiles since considerable equipment is involved. Stethoscopes, sonic leak detectors, mass spectrometers and even trained dogs have been used to detect leaks in fuel gas mains. The addition of strong odoriferous compounds to gas mains has also been utilized so that leaks might be detected by smell. Radioactive gases have also been added to gases to serve as leak detectors requiring special detection instruments and trained personnel.
My invention provides a simple means for detecting gas leaks by the addition of a coloring agent to the gas. When such colored gas is stored in tanks or is supplied through gas mains or pipes any leaks which may develop are readily and immediately detected visually by the escaping colored gas without requiring any special equipment of the kind previously in use. In order to color any given gas or mixture of gases, I add a selected coloring agent which maybe an inorganic or organic agent and which is stable and non-reactive with the gas. A sufiicient amount of the coloring agent is added so that the gas will be visible to the eye upon escape into the atmosphere or when viewed through a transparent window or conduit. I may add to natural gas, for example, diazomethane which is a yellow gas under normal conditions in amounts from about 10 to 20% by volume to give a distinctive color. Other colored gases which may be used in suitable amounts are chlorine monoxide, a yellow-red gas; chlorine dioxide, a reddish-yellow gas; dinitrogen trioxide, a reddishbrown gas; nitrogen trioxide, a bluish gas; nitrosyl bromide, a brownish gas; nitrosyl chloride, a yellow gas; nitryl chloride, a pale yellow-brown gas; nitrogen dioxide or tetroxide, a reddish-brown gas. I may also add to a gas elemental chlorine which is a greenish gas, or elemental bromine, which is a brownish-red gas, in order to impart color to the gas. These agents must of course be used in compatible environmental conditions which one skilled in the art can readily determine so that the added colored gases will not react with any moisture, or corrode or react with the receptacle or conduit in which the gas is present. The gas should of course also be non-reactive with the added chlorine or bromine. I may also add a suitable reactive agent to a selected gas which is to be colored, so that the added'agent will react with all or a portion of the gas, so as to color the gas.
I may also add a suitable opacifying agent to the colored gas so that the color will be accentuated or deepened by reflected light to make it more visible either while passing through a transparent pipe or upon escaping into the air. For example, very fine dispersed opaque white solids, such as titanium dioxide, may be added to a gas along with the coloring agent in suitable amounts. 1 also may add other colored finely divided solids of various shades or finely divided carbon black so as to produce various blends of color or shades of color that may be desired. 1 may also add an agent, such as titanium tetrachloride or stannic chloride, which will produce upon escape into the atmosphere an opacifying background or smoke so as to reflect impinging light and thus accentuate or deepen the color agent in the gas.
I may also add to gases pyrophoric gases which will spontaneously ignite in air and produce a visible flame when they escape into the atmosphere, such as, for example, dimethyl arsine, boron hydride, and phosphine. I may also add to gases extremely finely divided suspended pyrophoric solids, such as finely powdered pyrophoric iron particles, finely divided lead, iron oxalate, nickel oxide, and the like, which will spontaneously ignite when gas leakage should occur into the atmosphere. Vapors of phosphorus may also be admixed with gases which upon escape into the atmosphere may phosphoresce in the dark or if present in sufficient conentration may ignite to produce a visible flame. I may add naphthalene or metallic mercury vapors to various gases so that they will fluoresce under ultra-violet light and produce visible color.
As previously stated, my invention is particularly useful for detecting leaks in natural fuel gas pipe line systems at various points in route to the final consumer. My invention also serves as a consumer safety warning agent since the lay person can easily identify any leaks visible by the color of the escaping gas. A further use of the coloration of gases is to identify specific gases supplied through specific pipes made of transparent material so that the color of the gas being fed is visible. Odorants, which are presently in use, may be used if desired in conjunction with coloring agents. Suitable agents may be used which will leave a colored residue in the soil or color vegetation adjacent the points where leaks may occur in fuel gas mains buried in the soil.
I claim: '9
1. The process of detecting gas leaks from a conduit through which fuel gas is flowing which comprises the steps of admixing a coloring agent with a fuel gas and transmitting said admixed gas through a conduit, said coloring agent being present in said fuel gas in amount to be visible when said admixed gas escapes or leaks into the atmosphere.
2. The process of claim 1, characterized in that the coloring agent is a fluorescent agent.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the fuel gas is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, coal gas, water gas, producer gas, acetylene, propane and butane,
and the coloring agent is selected from the group consisting of diazomethane, chlorine monoxide, chlorine dioxide, dinitrogen trioxide, nitrogen trioxide, nitrosyl bromide, nitrosyl chloride, nitryl chloride, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen tetroxide, bromine and chlorine.
4. The process of detecting fuel gas leaks from a container which comprises the step of admixing a coloring agent with a fuel gas, and storing said admixed gas in a container, said coloring agent being present in said fuel gas in amount to be visible when said admixed gas escapes or leaks into the air.
5. The process of coding a fuel gas by visible color identification which comprises the steps of admixing a selected coloring agent with a selected fuel gas, and transmitting said admixed gas through a conduit having a transparent portion whereby the coded color of said gas is visible through said transparent portion.
References Cited UNITED ,STATES PATENTS 1,43 8,463 12/ 1922 Saner.
1,967,871 7/1934 Dantsizen 252408 X 2,068,614 1/1937 Thomas et al. 48195 X 2,345,090 3/1944 Brace 23232 2,353,287 7/1944 Benesh. 2,395,489 2/1946 Major et al 23232 2,764,556 9/1956 Sockman et al. 23230 X 3,234,045 2/ 1966 Larsen 73--40.7 X
OTHER REFERENCES De Ment: Oflicial Gazette Abstract 175,883, vol. 668, pp. 540541 (Mar. 10, 1953).
Perry: Chemical Engineers Handbook, page 122, 3rd edition (1950).
JOSEPH SCOVRONEK, Primary Examiner.
US567368A 1963-01-14 1966-07-25 Detection of gas leaks Expired - Lifetime US3361547A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19641442826 DE1442826C3 (en) 1964-11-20 1964-11-20 Method for indicating the presence of an invisible gas, in particular fuel gas
US567368A US3361547A (en) 1963-01-14 1966-07-25 Detection of gas leaks
GB4752667A GB1181426A (en) 1963-01-14 1967-10-18 Visual Identification of normally Colorless Fuel Gas
NL6714445A NL145045B (en) 1963-01-14 1967-10-24 PROCEDURE FOR DETECTING LEAKS IN AN IN-GROUND PIPE SYSTEM.
AU29046/67A AU441721B2 (en) 1963-01-14 1967-10-27 Visual identification of normally colourless fuel gases
CH1509067A CH525707A (en) 1963-01-14 1967-10-27 Visual identification of colourless fuel gases by the - addition of colouring agents
DE1967P0043308 DE1695509C3 (en) 1963-01-14 1967-10-31 Procedure for indicating the presence of an invisible gas

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US25103563A 1963-01-14 1963-01-14
US567368A US3361547A (en) 1963-01-14 1966-07-25 Detection of gas leaks

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426758A (en) * 1966-10-10 1969-02-11 American Hospital Supply Corp Medical catheter with balloon leakage indicator
US3483736A (en) * 1968-03-06 1969-12-16 Packo Joseph J Detection of gas leaks
US3862349A (en) * 1972-10-12 1975-01-21 James R Watts Telephone cable pipe cable assembly and method
US4155249A (en) * 1977-05-16 1979-05-22 Scott Forrest G Thermal-aerosol generators
US4237172A (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-12-02 Joseph J. Packo Sealing leaks by polymerization of volatilized aminosilane monomers
US4304805A (en) * 1978-12-04 1981-12-08 Joseph J. Packo Sealing leaks by polymerization of volatilized aminosilane monomers
US4331722A (en) * 1980-12-11 1982-05-25 Packo Industries, Inc. Sealing leaks by polymerization of volatilized organosilane monomers
US4762167A (en) * 1986-11-20 1988-08-09 Tricorn, Inc. Water management system
USRE35370E (en) * 1993-06-25 1996-11-05 Bright Solutions, Inc. Leak detection in heating ventilating and air conditioning systems using an environmentally safe material
US5574213A (en) * 1995-03-13 1996-11-12 Shanley; Alfred W. Apparatus and method for detecting leaks
USRE35395E (en) * 1993-06-25 1996-12-10 Bright Solutions, Inc. Leak detection in heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems using an environmentally safe material
US6070454A (en) * 1995-07-21 2000-06-06 Bright Solutions, Inc. Leak detection additives for use in heating, ventilating, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems
US6070455A (en) * 1995-07-21 2000-06-06 Bright Solutions, Inc. Leak detection additives
US20020096643A1 (en) * 1996-02-08 2002-07-25 Bright Solutions, Inc., A Michigan Corporation Portable light source and system for use in leak detection
US6526808B1 (en) * 1999-07-07 2003-03-04 Star Envirotech, Inc. Smoke and clean air generating machine for detecting presence and location of leaks in a fluid system
US20050272844A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-08 Westman Morton A Leak detection materials and methods
US20110146801A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-06-23 Bright Solutions International Llc Injection additives into closed systems
WO2018118428A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Methods for detecting leaks in pipelines

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1438463A (en) * 1921-06-29 1922-12-12 Arthur E Saner Signaling mechanism
US1967871A (en) * 1931-06-15 1934-07-24 Gen Electric Means and method of detecting leaks in refrigerating systems
US2068614A (en) * 1932-11-16 1937-01-19 Sharples Solvents Corp Gas odorant mixture
US2345090A (en) * 1940-04-10 1944-03-28 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Mercury detecting method and apparatus
US2353287A (en) * 1940-10-09 1944-07-11 Chicago By Products Corp Method of detecting and measuring leakage in gas lines
US2395489A (en) * 1942-05-20 1946-02-26 Du Pont Photometric process for gas analysis
US2764556A (en) * 1949-03-26 1956-09-25 Northrop Aircraft Inc Dye solution flaw inspection composition
US3234045A (en) * 1961-05-05 1966-02-08 Chas J Webb Sons Co Inc Method for protecting underground cable and determining leaks therein

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1438463A (en) * 1921-06-29 1922-12-12 Arthur E Saner Signaling mechanism
US1967871A (en) * 1931-06-15 1934-07-24 Gen Electric Means and method of detecting leaks in refrigerating systems
US2068614A (en) * 1932-11-16 1937-01-19 Sharples Solvents Corp Gas odorant mixture
US2345090A (en) * 1940-04-10 1944-03-28 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Mercury detecting method and apparatus
US2353287A (en) * 1940-10-09 1944-07-11 Chicago By Products Corp Method of detecting and measuring leakage in gas lines
US2395489A (en) * 1942-05-20 1946-02-26 Du Pont Photometric process for gas analysis
US2764556A (en) * 1949-03-26 1956-09-25 Northrop Aircraft Inc Dye solution flaw inspection composition
US3234045A (en) * 1961-05-05 1966-02-08 Chas J Webb Sons Co Inc Method for protecting underground cable and determining leaks therein

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426758A (en) * 1966-10-10 1969-02-11 American Hospital Supply Corp Medical catheter with balloon leakage indicator
US3483736A (en) * 1968-03-06 1969-12-16 Packo Joseph J Detection of gas leaks
US3862349A (en) * 1972-10-12 1975-01-21 James R Watts Telephone cable pipe cable assembly and method
US4155249A (en) * 1977-05-16 1979-05-22 Scott Forrest G Thermal-aerosol generators
US4237172A (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-12-02 Joseph J. Packo Sealing leaks by polymerization of volatilized aminosilane monomers
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