US3360365A - Process of producing an alloy steel for hot-working tools - Google Patents
Process of producing an alloy steel for hot-working tools Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3360365A US3360365A US452000A US45200065A US3360365A US 3360365 A US3360365 A US 3360365A US 452000 A US452000 A US 452000A US 45200065 A US45200065 A US 45200065A US 3360365 A US3360365 A US 3360365A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hot
- cerium
- lanthanum
- steels
- working
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].[Ce] Chemical compound [La].[Ce] WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000858 La alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- Nonaustenitic hot-working steels are used for making tools, forging dies, pressing dies, punches and the like. Such steels consists of 0.200.60% carbon, 1-7% chro mium, 1-18% tungsten, (ll-2% vanadium, up to 5% molybdenum, up to 5% cobalt, up to 5% nickel, balance iron and the usual elements associated with steel. Such tools from these steels are used at temperatures of 400- 700 C.
- Hot embrittlement is a loss in toughness at elevated temperature. In the conventional hot-Working steels, the loss in toughness occurs at a temperature of 450 C. and reaches a maximum between 600 and 650 C.
- Hot-working steels which contain cerium and lanthanum exhibit an increase in toughness at temperatures up to 650 C.
- the toughness decreases only at higher temperatures and this decrease is much lower than with hotworking steels which do not contain creium and lanthanum.
- the elongation values of the heat-treated cerium-lanthanum alloy steels are up to 350% higher than those of normal hot-working steels.
- the hot-working steel produced from the normal melt and having the same tensile strength had an elongation of 5% at a temperature of 650.
- the cerium-lanthanum alloy hot-working steels had elongations of 15-20%. Only a temperature increase to 700 C. resulted in a decrease of the elongation of cerium-lanthanum alloy hot-working steels to 12%.
- cerium-lanthanum alloy steels at 650 C. The reduction in area of cerium-lanthanum alloy steels at 650 C. was found to be 55% whereas hot-working steels produced from a. normal melt and having the same composition in other respects had only a reduction in area of 510% at 650 C.
- the high-temperature strength and high-temperature yield points are not changed by the addition of cerium-lanthanum.
- the invention provides a process of manufacturing hot-working steels having a reduced hot embrittlement at temperatures between 400 and 700 C. and containing 0.008-0.2%, preferably 0.02-0.08% cerium-lanthanum.
- cerium-lanthanum may be added as an alloying element to steels containing 02-06% carbon, l7% chromium, 118% tungsten, 0.l2% vanadium, up to 5% cobalt, up to 5% nickel.
- cerium-lanthanum alloy is preferably effected in known manner during the tapping of the melt from the furnace into the ladle. Cerium-lanthanum alloy may also be added during the pouring from the ladle into the ingot mold. It is essential that the total amount of cerium and lanthanum in the steel is 0.008- 0.2%. A plant test has confirmed the test results shown above.
- a press die consisting of 0.31% 0.40% manganese, 2.35% chromium, 4.6% tungsten, 0.60% vanadium, 0.05% cerium and 0.03% lanthanumbalance iron and elements accompanying steel, showed in a practical test an increase in service life up to and different from the usual press dies did not fail by brittle fracture but was suitable for re-use when the usual wear had been eliminated.
- a hot-working steel consisting essentially of 0.2- 0.6% carbon, 1-7% chromium, 112% tungsten, 0.1- 2% vanadium, traces to 5% molybdenum, traces to 5% cobalt, traces to 5% nickel, cerium and lanthanum in a total amount of 0.008-0.2%, balance iron and inevitable impurities.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,360,365 PROCESS OF PRODUCING AN ALLOY STEEL FOR HOT-WORKING TOOLS Norbert Eichler, Bohlerwerk an der Ybbs, Austria, as-
signor to Gebr. Bohler & C0. 'Aktiengesellschaft, Vienna, Austria No Drawing. Filed Apr. 29, 1965, Ser. No. 452,000 Claims priority, application Austria, May 12, 1964, A 4,128/64 4 Claims. (Cl. 75126) Nonaustenitic hot-working steels are used for making tools, forging dies, pressing dies, punches and the like. Such steels consists of 0.200.60% carbon, 1-7% chro mium, 1-18% tungsten, (ll-2% vanadium, up to 5% molybdenum, up to 5% cobalt, up to 5% nickel, balance iron and the usual elements associated with steel. Such tools from these steels are used at temperatures of 400- 700 C. At these operating temperatures and the resulting temperature rise of the tools, these steels are subjected, in addition to other stresses, to hot embrittlement, which may result in brittle fracture. Investigations have shown that the hot embrittlement in such steels in the temperature range of 400-700 C. can be almost completely suppressed by a small addition of cerium and lanthanum in a total amount of the order of 0.008-0.2%, preferably 0.02-0.08%.
It is known that an addition of cerium and lanthanum improves hot-working and toughness. These suggestions in the literature, however,- do not relate to hot-working steels but only to the improvement in toughness at room temperature. Hot embrittlement is a loss in toughness at elevated temperature. In the conventional hot-Working steels, the loss in toughness occurs at a temperature of 450 C. and reaches a maximum between 600 and 650 C.
Hot-working steels which contain cerium and lanthanum exhibit an increase in toughness at temperatures up to 650 C. The toughness decreases only at higher temperatures and this decrease is much lower than with hotworking steels which do not contain creium and lanthanum.
Two experimental melts were made, for example, which contained 0.40% carbon, 0.40% silicon, 0.30% manganese, 2.5% chromium, 4.4% tungsten, 0.3% vanadium, 0.18% sulfur and 0.004% phosphorus. 0.18% ceriumlanthanum alloy was added to one melt when it was tapped into the ladle so that 0.05% cerium and 0.03% lanthanum were retained in the steel. The specimens Were forged down to 2 0 mm. diameter, process-annealed at 1820 C. for two hours and subsequently furnacecooled. Further specimens were quenched in oil from a hardening temperature of 1080 C. and reheated to 640 C. to obtain a strength of 160 kp./sq. mm. The resulting heat-treated specimens were fractured in a hot tensile test at temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 and 750 C.
Surprisingly, the elongation values of the heat-treated cerium-lanthanum alloy steels are up to 350% higher than those of normal hot-working steels. The hot-working steel produced from the normal melt and having the same tensile strength had an elongation of 5% at a temperature of 650. On the other hand, the cerium-lanthanum alloy hot-working steels had elongations of 15-20%. Only a temperature increase to 700 C. resulted in a decrease of the elongation of cerium-lanthanum alloy hot-working steels to 12%.
"ice
The reduction in area of cerium-lanthanum alloy steels at 650 C. was found to be 55% whereas hot-working steels produced from a. normal melt and having the same composition in other respects had only a reduction in area of 510% at 650 C. The high-temperature strength and high-temperature yield points are not changed by the addition of cerium-lanthanum.
Thus, the invention provides a process of manufacturing hot-working steels having a reduced hot embrittlement at temperatures between 400 and 700 C. and containing 0.008-0.2%, preferably 0.02-0.08% cerium-lanthanum. According to the invention, cerium-lanthanum may be added as an alloying element to steels containing 02-06% carbon, l7% chromium, 118% tungsten, 0.l2% vanadium, up to 5% cobalt, up to 5% nickel.
The addition of cerium-lanthanum alloy is preferably effected in known manner during the tapping of the melt from the furnace into the ladle. Cerium-lanthanum alloy may also be added during the pouring from the ladle into the ingot mold. It is essential that the total amount of cerium and lanthanum in the steel is 0.008- 0.2%. A plant test has confirmed the test results shown above.
A press die consisting of 0.31% 0.40% manganese, 2.35% chromium, 4.6% tungsten, 0.60% vanadium, 0.05% cerium and 0.03% lanthanumbalance iron and elements accompanying steel, showed in a practical test an increase in service life up to and different from the usual press dies did not fail by brittle fracture but was suitable for re-use when the usual wear had been eliminated.
What is claimed is:
1. A hot-working steel, consisting essentially of 0.2- 0.6% carbon, 1-7% chromium, 112% tungsten, 0.1- 2% vanadium, traces to 5% molybdenum, traces to 5% cobalt, traces to 5% nickel, cerium and lanthanum in a total amount of 0.008-0.2%, balance iron and inevitable impurities.
2. A hot-working steel as set forth in claim 1, which contains cerium and lanthanum in a total amount of 0.02 to 0.08%.
3. A hot-working steel as set forth in claim 1, which has been produced from a melt to which cerium and lanthanum have been added in an amount suflicient to retain in the steel a total amount of cerium and lanthanum between 0.008 to 0.2%.
4. A hot-working steel as set forth in claim 2, which has been produced from a melt to which cerium and lanthanum have been added in an amount suflicient to retain in the steel a total amount of cerium and lanthanum between 0.02 to 0.08%.
carbon, 0.30% silicon,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,104,836 1/ 1938 Hassenbruch 126 X 2,823,992 2/ 1958 Balkcom 75-'-128 X 2,861,908 11/1958 Mickelson 75l28 X 2,876,095 3/1959 Dickerson 75126 2,970,903 2/1961 Mickelson 75126 X DAVID L. RECK, Primary Examiner.
P. WEINSTEIN, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A HOT-WORKING STEEL, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 0.20.6% CARBON, 1-7% CHRONMIUM, 1-12% TUNGSTEN, 0.12% VANADIUM, TRACES TO 5% MONYBDENUM, TACES TO 5% COBALT, TRACES TO 5% NICKEL, CERIUM AND LANTHANUM IN A TOTAL AMOUNT OF 0.008-0.2%, BALANCE IRON AND INEVITABLE IMPURITIES.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT412864 | 1964-05-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3360365A true US3360365A (en) | 1967-12-26 |
Family
ID=3560022
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US452000A Expired - Lifetime US3360365A (en) | 1964-05-12 | 1965-04-29 | Process of producing an alloy steel for hot-working tools |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3360365A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6505958A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4945816A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1974-05-01 | ||
| JPS5010212A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1975-02-01 | ||
| JPS5083218A (en) * | 1973-11-28 | 1975-07-05 | ||
| CN1094507C (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 2002-11-20 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Biodegradable synthetic ester base stock formed from branched OXO acids |
| US20130139991A1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2013-06-06 | Posco | High carbon chromium bearing steel, and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2104836A (en) * | 1935-03-07 | 1938-01-11 | Firm Heracus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Heat-resisting implement |
| US2823992A (en) * | 1956-11-09 | 1958-02-18 | American Metallurg Products Co | Alloy steels |
| US2861908A (en) * | 1955-11-30 | 1958-11-25 | American Steel Foundries | Alloy steel and method of making |
| US2876095A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1959-03-03 | Republic Steel Corp | Manufacture of gun barrels |
| US2970903A (en) * | 1958-08-14 | 1961-02-07 | American Steel Foundries | Alloy steel having surface free from alligatoring |
-
1965
- 1965-04-29 US US452000A patent/US3360365A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1965-05-11 NL NL6505958A patent/NL6505958A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2104836A (en) * | 1935-03-07 | 1938-01-11 | Firm Heracus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Heat-resisting implement |
| US2876095A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1959-03-03 | Republic Steel Corp | Manufacture of gun barrels |
| US2861908A (en) * | 1955-11-30 | 1958-11-25 | American Steel Foundries | Alloy steel and method of making |
| US2823992A (en) * | 1956-11-09 | 1958-02-18 | American Metallurg Products Co | Alloy steels |
| US2970903A (en) * | 1958-08-14 | 1961-02-07 | American Steel Foundries | Alloy steel having surface free from alligatoring |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4945816A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1974-05-01 | ||
| JPS5310526B2 (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1978-04-14 | ||
| JPS5010212A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1975-02-01 | ||
| JPS545368B2 (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1979-03-16 | ||
| JPS5083218A (en) * | 1973-11-28 | 1975-07-05 | ||
| JPS5436893B2 (en) * | 1973-11-28 | 1979-11-12 | ||
| CN1094507C (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 2002-11-20 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Biodegradable synthetic ester base stock formed from branched OXO acids |
| US20130139991A1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2013-06-06 | Posco | High carbon chromium bearing steel, and preparation method thereof |
| US9062359B2 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2015-06-23 | Posco | High carbon chromium bearing steel, and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL6505958A (en) | 1965-07-26 |
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