US2765975A - Ionic wind generating duct - Google Patents
Ionic wind generating duct Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2765975A US2765975A US323328A US32332852A US2765975A US 2765975 A US2765975 A US 2765975A US 323328 A US323328 A US 323328A US 32332852 A US32332852 A US 32332852A US 2765975 A US2765975 A US 2765975A
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- Prior art keywords
- duct
- brooms
- insulating
- air
- corona discharge
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 description 30
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D33/00—Non-positive-displacement pumps with other than pure rotation, e.g. of oscillating type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F7/00—Pumps displacing fluids by using inertia thereof, e.g. by generating vibrations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
Definitions
- This invention relates to apparatus for converting one form of energy into another and more useable form of energy, and more particularly, although not necessarily exclusively, to novel means for producing pressure by an electrical discharge upon fluids, such as air or gas, in order to move these fluids.
- a system and apparatus for producing motion in fluids, such as air or gas, involving the use of electrodes having special conductive properties energized at high voltages is known.
- electro-mechanical devices in the nature of rotating and/ or oscillating fan blades are well known.
- In order to produce sufficient velocity in the air or gas which is caused to be moved conventional practice has dictated certain minimal requirements relative to the size and the speed of the movable blades, the maximum useable values of which, often times deprive the device of complete fulfillment of its objective. Namely, that of moving a large volume of air or gas swiftly and etiiciently. Closely allied to the problems of speed and size of the device is the problem of noise.
- Noise is an inherent characteristic of any device in which frictionally engaged parts are caused to move in contact with one another 4or in which turbulence in a fluid stream is produced.
- the friction of the fluid whether, for example, air or ga-s is moved causes production of noise.
- a device constructed in accordance with the teaching of the present invention may comprise a pipe or duct composed of alternate conductive and insulating sleeves.
- the sleeves may be cylindrical in cross section.
- a corona discharge device is positioned near the entrance to each conductive section of the duct.
- the discharge device employed in practicing this invention, resembles a broom and the term broom will, therefore, be applied to it. All -of the discharge brooms are electrically connected in parallel and all of the conductive sleeves are likewise connected in parallel. Either the discharge brooms or the conductive sleeves may be grounded.
- the propelling forces which are obtained in each section upon application of high voltage to the device are thus made to be serially additive.
- the emerging ions are neutralized by means of polarized sections or members placed within and across the exit orifice of the apparatus.
- the members just referred to may be in the nature of grids.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind duct embodying the present invention and including the circuit connections therefor;
- Figure 2 is a cross section of the wind duct o f Figure 1 along the line 2 2 of Figure l.
- FIG. l a schematic diagram of the cylindrical tube or pipe comprising an illustrative example of the wind generating duct of this invention.
- the duct 10 in the illustrative example shown, comprises a seriesv of alternate conductive and insulating cylinders or sleeves.
- the insulating cylinders 12 may be made of Bakelite or other suitable insulating material.
- the conducting cylinders 14, are or may be fabricated from conductive material, such for example, as brass. As shown, the conductive sections are connected to a voltage reference point or are grounded through leads 15. The various conducting and insulating portions are secured together, end to end, to form a long tube or pipe.
- the duct 10 shown in Figure 1 comprises five conducting hollow metallic cylinders or sleeves 12 which are or may be constructed of brass. Between each conductive cylinder and concentric therewith are positioned four insulating elements in the form of cylindrical tubes or sleeves 14 which are or may be constructed of Bakelite.
- Each insulating duct element has an ion producing discharge broom 16 fastened to a conductive support member 1S disposed within the air tube.
- An insulating lead-in member 19 may be used to provide rigidity for the broom support member 18.
- a high voltage lead 20 is brought out through, or by means of, the support. The leads 20 are or may be connected together as shown.
- a suitable high voltage source 21 has one terminal connected to the leads 2i) and its remaining terminal connected to ground. This source 21 provides direct current, although, alternating current could be used, for exciting the brooms 16.
- the terminal connected to the brooms may be of either polarity.
- Each one of the discharge brooms 16 is roughly umbrella shaped and each broom is composed of a multiplicity of fine wires 22 which are bundled at one end 24 and which are bent to radiate from a central point somewhat similar to the radiating ribs in an umbrella or fan.
- the outer points of the wires 22 lie in a circle shown in Figure 2, the center of which faces in a direction so as to move air associated therewith toward an exit orifice.
- the supports 18 for the discharge brooms 16 are secured to the inside Wall of the insulating duct elements in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube and positioned so that each of the brooms is directly in the path of the entering air.
- the left side of the air duct 10, as shown in Figure l, is provided with an air intake orifice 28.
- the opposite end of the air duct comprises an insulating duct element 30 which is slightly longer, in the illustrative embodiment shown, than the air intake element and includes the outlet orifice 32.
- a plurality of ion neutralizing grids 34 comprising a predetermined number of vertically and/or horizontally disposed wires are fastened across the duct element 30.
- Positive and negative voltage sources 36 and 3S, respectively, for the neutralizing grids, are connected to the grid wires.
- the position or order of arrangement of the neutralizing members 34 is immateriai.
- the high voltage source 21 which may be either alternating or direct current, supplies voltage on the order of ten thousand volts to the parallel connected ion producing discharge brooms 16. Either the brooms 1.6 or the sleeves 12 may be grounded.
- the application of high voltage to the ion producing discharge brooms 16 establishes a corona around the wires of the brooms.
- the ions derive a velocity from the electrical ield which has thus been generated in respouse to the application of the high voltage to the brooms. In so doing, the ions induce a motion in all the air with which they are mixed. This induced motion is in the general direction of the electric field.
- the apparatus thus acts as a four stage additive wind pressure generator.
- An ionic wind generating structure comprising a duct, said duct having alternate conducting and insulating sections, a pluarlity of corona discharge means, means for energizing said corona discharge means, and a plurality of conductive support members providing means for connecting said corona discharge means to said energizing means, one of said conductive support members being disposed within each of said insulating sections, one of said corona discharge means being secured to each of said support members, each of said corona discharge means extending from its support member within said insulating section across the junction of said insulating section with said adjacent conducting section, each of said corona discharge means being arranged to extend from said support member longitudinally towards a preselected end of said duct to additively induce fluid motion in said preselected direction.
- An ionic wind generating structure comprising a duct, said duct having alternate conducting and insulating sections, a plurality of corona discharge brooms characterized by wires bundled together at one end thereof to form a junction point and radiating radially and longitudinally in a substantially uniform direction, means for energizing said corona discharge brooms, a plurality of conductive support members providing means for connecting said corona discharge brooms to said energizing means, one of said conductive support members being disposed within each of said insulating sections, one of said corona discharge brooms being secured at its junction point to each of said support members, each of said corona discharge brooms being arranged to extend longitudinally from its support member within said insulating section across the junction of said section with said adjacent conducting section, and each of said dis charge brooms being arranged to have said wires extend longitudinally from said junction point towards a preselected end of said duct to additively induce fluid motion in said preselected direction.
- An ionic wind generating structure comprising a duct having an entrance and an exit, said duct having alternate conducting and insulating sections, a plurality of corona discharge brooms characterized by wires bundled together at one end thereof to form a junction point and radiating radially and longitudinally in a substantially uniform direction, means for energizing said corona discharge brooms, a plurality of conductive support members providing means for connecting said corona discharge brooms to said energizing means, one of said conductive support members being disposed within each of said insulating sections, one of said corona discharge brooms being secured at its junction point to each of said support members, each of said corona discharge brooms being arranged to extend longitudinally from support member within said insulating section across the junction of said section with said adjacent conducting section, each of said discharge brooms being arranged to have its wires extend longitudinally from its junction points toward the exit of said duct to additively induce a wind towards said exit, said conductive
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Description
` OC 9, 1956 N. E. LINDENBLAD IONIC WIND GENERATING DUCT Filed Nov. 29, 1952 TTOR NE Y IONIC WIND GENERATING DUCT Nils E. Lindenblad, Princeton, N. J., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Deiaware Application November 29, 1952, Serial No. 323,328 3 Claims. (Cl. Mtl- 69) This invention relates to apparatus for converting one form of energy into another and more useable form of energy, and more particularly, although not necessarily exclusively, to novel means for producing pressure by an electrical discharge upon fluids, such as air or gas, in order to move these fluids.
A system and apparatus for producing motion in fluids, such as air or gas, involving the use of electrodes having special conductive properties energized at high voltages is known. Also, electro-mechanical devices in the nature of rotating and/ or oscillating fan blades are well known. In order to produce sufficient velocity in the air or gas which is caused to be moved, conventional practice has dictated certain minimal requirements relative to the size and the speed of the movable blades, the maximum useable values of which, often times deprive the device of complete fulfillment of its objective. Namely, that of moving a large volume of air or gas swiftly and etiiciently. Closely allied to the problems of speed and size of the device is the problem of noise. Noise is an inherent characteristic of any device in which frictionally engaged parts are caused to move in contact with one another 4or in which turbulence in a fluid stream is produced. The friction of the fluid, whether, for example, air or ga-s is moved causes production of noise. There is always a certain amount of frictional loss as well as noise encountered when using devices having parts that move and which make contact with the air.
It is an object, therefore, of the invention to provide a novel means for producing motion upon fluids, such as air or gas, without the use of any moving parts.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a device in the nature of or having the effect of a fan in which fluids, such as air or gas, may be caused to be moved at high velocities.
It is a further object of the invention to obtain a directed as well as a magnified propulsion effect upon air or upon a gas in general, from corona discharge points.
A device constructed in accordance with the teaching of the present invention may comprise a pipe or duct composed of alternate conductive and insulating sleeves. The sleeves may be cylindrical in cross section. A corona discharge device is positioned near the entrance to each conductive section of the duct. The discharge device, employed in practicing this invention, resembles a broom and the term broom will, therefore, be applied to it. All -of the discharge brooms are electrically connected in parallel and all of the conductive sleeves are likewise connected in parallel. Either the discharge brooms or the conductive sleeves may be grounded. The propelling forces which are obtained in each section upon application of high voltage to the device are thus made to be serially additive. The emerging ions are neutralized by means of polarized sections or members placed within and across the exit orifice of the apparatus. The members just referred to may be in the nature of grids.
The novel features that are considered characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and method of operation as well as additional objects and advantages thereof will best understand from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind duct embodying the present invention and including the circuit connections therefor; and
Figure 2 is a cross section of the wind duct o f Figure 1 along the line 2 2 of Figure l.
Detailed reference will now be made to Figure l, in which there is shown a schematic diagram of the cylindrical tube or pipe comprising an illustrative example of the wind generating duct of this invention. The duct 10, in the illustrative example shown, comprises a seriesv of alternate conductive and insulating cylinders or sleeves. The insulating cylinders 12 may be made of Bakelite or other suitable insulating material. The conducting cylinders 14, are or may be fabricated from conductive material, such for example, as brass. As shown, the conductive sections are connected to a voltage reference point or are grounded through leads 15. The various conducting and insulating portions are secured together, end to end, to form a long tube or pipe. The duct 10 shown in Figure 1, for example, comprises five conducting hollow metallic cylinders or sleeves 12 which are or may be constructed of brass. Between each conductive cylinder and concentric therewith are positioned four insulating elements in the form of cylindrical tubes or sleeves 14 which are or may be constructed of Bakelite.
Each insulating duct element has an ion producing discharge broom 16 fastened to a conductive support member 1S disposed within the air tube. An insulating lead-in member 19 may be used to provide rigidity for the broom support member 18. A high voltage lead 20 is brought out through, or by means of, the support. The leads 20 are or may be connected together as shown. A suitable high voltage source 21 has one terminal connected to the leads 2i) and its remaining terminal connected to ground. This source 21 provides direct current, although, alternating current could be used, for exciting the brooms 16. The terminal connected to the brooms may be of either polarity.
Each one of the discharge brooms 16 is roughly umbrella shaped and each broom is composed of a multiplicity of fine wires 22 which are bundled at one end 24 and which are bent to radiate from a central point somewhat similar to the radiating ribs in an umbrella or fan. The outer points of the wires 22 lie in a circle shown in Figure 2, the center of which faces in a direction so as to move air associated therewith toward an exit orifice. The supports 18 for the discharge brooms 16 are secured to the inside Wall of the insulating duct elements in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube and positioned so that each of the brooms is directly in the path of the entering air.
The left side of the air duct 10, as shown in Figure l, is provided with an air intake orifice 28. The opposite end of the air duct comprises an insulating duct element 30 which is slightly longer, in the illustrative embodiment shown, than the air intake element and includes the outlet orifice 32. A plurality of ion neutralizing grids 34 comprising a predetermined number of vertically and/or horizontally disposed wires are fastened across the duct element 30. Positive and negative voltage sources 36 and 3S, respectively, for the neutralizing grids, are connected to the grid wires. The position or order of arrangement of the neutralizing members 34 is immateriai.
The high voltage source 21, which may be either alternating or direct current, supplies voltage on the order of ten thousand volts to the parallel connected ion producing discharge brooms 16. Either the brooms 1.6 or the sleeves 12 may be grounded.
The application of high voltage to the ion producing discharge brooms 16 establishes a corona around the wires of the brooms. The ions derive a velocity from the electrical ield which has thus been generated in respouse to the application of the high voltage to the brooms. In so doing, the ions induce a motion in all the air with which they are mixed. This induced motion is in the general direction of the electric field. The apparatus thus acts as a four stage additive wind pressure generator.
There has thus been described a novel and simple air pressure generator by means of which a movement of a uid medium, such as air, can be eiected in a silent, steady, serially additive stream.
What is claimed is:
1. An ionic wind generating structure comprising a duct, said duct having alternate conducting and insulating sections, a pluarlity of corona discharge means, means for energizing said corona discharge means, and a plurality of conductive support members providing means for connecting said corona discharge means to said energizing means, one of said conductive support members being disposed within each of said insulating sections, one of said corona discharge means being secured to each of said support members, each of said corona discharge means extending from its support member within said insulating section across the junction of said insulating section with said adjacent conducting section, each of said corona discharge means being arranged to extend from said support member longitudinally towards a preselected end of said duct to additively induce fluid motion in said preselected direction.
2. An ionic wind generating structure comprising a duct, said duct having alternate conducting and insulating sections, a plurality of corona discharge brooms characterized by wires bundled together at one end thereof to form a junction point and radiating radially and longitudinally in a substantially uniform direction, means for energizing said corona discharge brooms, a plurality of conductive support members providing means for connecting said corona discharge brooms to said energizing means, one of said conductive support members being disposed within each of said insulating sections, one of said corona discharge brooms being secured at its junction point to each of said support members, each of said corona discharge brooms being arranged to extend longitudinally from its support member within said insulating section across the junction of said section with said adjacent conducting section, and each of said dis charge brooms being arranged to have said wires extend longitudinally from said junction point towards a preselected end of said duct to additively induce fluid motion in said preselected direction.
3. An ionic wind generating structure comprising a duct having an entrance and an exit, said duct having alternate conducting and insulating sections, a plurality of corona discharge brooms characterized by wires bundled together at one end thereof to form a junction point and radiating radially and longitudinally in a substantially uniform direction, means for energizing said corona discharge brooms, a plurality of conductive support members providing means for connecting said corona discharge brooms to said energizing means, one of said conductive support members being disposed within each of said insulating sections, one of said corona discharge brooms being secured at its junction point to each of said support members, each of said corona discharge brooms being arranged to extend longitudinally from support member within said insulating section across the junction of said section with said adjacent conducting section, each of said discharge brooms being arranged to have its wires extend longitudinally from its junction points toward the exit of said duct to additively induce a wind towards said exit, said conductive sections being electrically connected in parallel, said brooms being electrically connected in parallel, and netralizing grids being disposed within the exit of said duct.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,335,829 Gerdien Apr. 6, 1920 1,971,940 Pirani Aug. 28, 1934 2,022,465 Hansell Nov. 26, 1935 2,031,927 Braselton Feb. 25, 1936 2,159,747 Mendenhall May 23, 1939 2,182,751 Reitherman Dec. 5, 1939 2,202,823 Bennett June 4, 1940 2,204,564 Bennett June 18, 1940 2,239,693 Bennett Apr. 29, 1941 2,239,694 Bennett Apr. 29, 1941 2,239,695 Bennett Apr. 29, 1941 2,257,728 Bennett Oct. 7, 1941 2,279,583 Slayter Apr. 14, 1942 2,279,586 Bennett Apr. 14, 1942 2,295,152 Bennett Sept. 8, 1942 2,327,588 Bennett Aug. 24, 1943 2,404,997 Tillis et al July 30, 1946 2,449,972 Beach Sept. 28, 1948 2,460,175 Hergenrother Ian. 25, 1949 2,497,924 Beach Feb. 21, 1950 2,578,009 Linder Dec. 11, 1951 2,636,664 Hertzler Apr. 28, 1953 2,640,158 Hicks May 26, 1953
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US323328A US2765975A (en) | 1952-11-29 | 1952-11-29 | Ionic wind generating duct |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US323328A US2765975A (en) | 1952-11-29 | 1952-11-29 | Ionic wind generating duct |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2765975A true US2765975A (en) | 1956-10-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US323328A Expired - Lifetime US2765975A (en) | 1952-11-29 | 1952-11-29 | Ionic wind generating duct |
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| US (1) | US2765975A (en) |
Cited By (81)
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| US2960614A (en) * | 1956-03-19 | 1960-11-15 | George E Mallinckrodt | Electric jet-forming apparatus |
| US3054553A (en) * | 1959-08-11 | 1962-09-18 | Cottrell Res Inc | Electrostatic blower apparatus |
| US3071705A (en) * | 1958-10-06 | 1963-01-01 | Grumman Aircraft Engineering C | Electrostatic propulsion means |
| US3083318A (en) * | 1959-04-27 | 1963-03-26 | Frank E Hanscom | Brushes with means for neutralizing static charges |
| US3095163A (en) * | 1959-10-13 | 1963-06-25 | Petroleum Res Corp | Ionized boundary layer fluid pumping system |
| US3116433A (en) * | 1959-06-15 | 1963-12-31 | Giannini Controls Corp | Production of neutral molecular beams |
| US3120363A (en) * | 1958-09-11 | 1964-02-04 | Electronatom Corp | Flying apparatus |
| US3135207A (en) * | 1955-07-05 | 1964-06-02 | Univ Cincinnati Res Foundation | Method and apparatus for displacing dielectric liquids |
| US3146849A (en) * | 1959-10-20 | 1964-09-01 | Tennyson James Joseph | Method and apparatus for acoustically silencing high velocity gases |
| US3155857A (en) * | 1960-06-01 | 1964-11-03 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Ion beam generating system |
| US3182496A (en) * | 1961-12-12 | 1965-05-11 | Oscar C Holderer | Electric arc driven wind tunnel |
| US3212442A (en) * | 1962-04-23 | 1965-10-19 | Litton Systems Inc | Ion drag pumps |
| US3239130A (en) * | 1963-07-10 | 1966-03-08 | Cons Vacuum Corp | Gas pumping methods and apparatus |
| US3308344A (en) * | 1965-03-04 | 1967-03-07 | Ener Jet Corp | High voltage antistatic apparatus |
| US3361337A (en) * | 1965-08-06 | 1968-01-02 | James N. Hurst | Ionic wind generators |
| US3364389A (en) * | 1964-04-16 | 1968-01-16 | George N.J. Mead | Low loss conductor |
| US3374743A (en) * | 1965-09-02 | 1968-03-26 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Pumps |
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| US3583161A (en) * | 1966-08-01 | 1971-06-08 | Atomic Energy Commission | Radioisotope/electrothermal thruster |
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