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US2696112A - Apparatus for indicating entry of fluids in well bores - Google Patents

Apparatus for indicating entry of fluids in well bores Download PDF

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Publication number
US2696112A
US2696112A US319222A US31922252A US2696112A US 2696112 A US2696112 A US 2696112A US 319222 A US319222 A US 319222A US 31922252 A US31922252 A US 31922252A US 2696112 A US2696112 A US 2696112A
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bodies
cage
plugs
well
fluid
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US319222A
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Griffith Clayton Oliver
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Standard Oil Development Co
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Standard Oil Development Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
    • E21B47/11—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using tracers; using radioactivity

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to apparatus for 10- eating fluid entry into a well bore. More particularly, the invention is directed to apparatus for locating entry of water and/ or oil into a well bore in earth formations.
  • the present invention may be briefly described as an apparatus for locating fluid entry in a well bore which comprises an elongated cage adapted to be lowered and raised in a Well bore in which is arranged a plurality of plugs or bodies which are soluble in a fluid from said well.
  • the plugs or bodies are arranged one upon another and are thus exposed to the well fluid upon lowering same in a well.
  • the cage is provided with means such as a cable or wire line for lowering and raising the cage in said well bore.
  • the cage may be a cylindrical wire mesh cage or it may be composed of a suitable tube provided with perforations or slots and the like which will allow well fluid to contact the plugs or bodies which are arranged in the cage.
  • the cage has attached to it a wire line or cable for lowering or raising the cage in a well.
  • the cage is also provided with a suitable closure means which may be threadably engaged therewith.
  • the cage has a closure means both on the top and the bottom for ready access thereto and for arranging and retaining plugs or bodies therein and removing plugs or bodies therefrom.
  • the plugs or bodies employed in the practice of the present invention may be either oil soluble plugs or bodies or water soluble plugs or bodies depending on the fluid whose entry is to be detected in a well.
  • the oil soluble materials may be secured from a large number of solid organic materials, such as paraflin wax, naphthalene, asphalt of a suitable penetration, sulfur and the like.
  • the water soluble materials may be selected from the inorganic salts and the salts may be selected, depending upon the solubility desired, from, for example, sodium chloride, sugar, sodium sulfate, and the like; magnesium chloride and other water soluble materials may be used.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of the apparatus of the present invention arranged in a well bore;
  • Fig. 2 is a plot of data illustrating the use of the present invention showing that the entry of water may be determined from the middle 10 feet of a 50 foot producing interval;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 1 illustrating how the plugs or bodies 21 may be supported or retained in the cage 18.
  • numeral 11 designates a well bore which traverses a plurality of formations 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16. It will be noted that formations 12, 13, 15 and 16 are oil bearing sands, whereas formation 14 is a water bearing sand.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is located in the well 11 by lowering same from the earths surface on a wire line or cable 17.
  • the wire line or cable 17 supports the cage 18 which may be constructed of a wire mesh and which is provided with a top closure means 19 which may be threadably connected to the cage 18 and a bottom closure member 20 which may be also threadably connected to the cage 18.
  • a plurality of water soluble plugs or bodies Arranged within the cage 18 is a plurality of water soluble plugs or bodies which may be plugs or bodies of sodium chloride. These plugs or bodies may be designated by the numeral 21 and are arranged one upon the other. It will be noted that the apparatus of the "ice present invention is arranged in the Well bore 11 such that the water formation or sand 14 is intermediate the upper and lower ends of the cage 18.
  • the cage 18 may be loaded with water soluble plugs or bodies, such as plugs or bodies of sodium chloride of about 1 foot intervals and, after loading the cage 18, the closure members 19 and 20 are securely fastened to the cage 18 and the cable 17 attached to the closure member 19 and the assembled cage lowered into the well bore. 11.
  • Well fluid is allowed to flow from the formations 12 to 16, inclusive, for a suflicient length of time to allow' the water from the formation 14 to dissolve at least partially the plugs or bodies 21. Since the water would contact the plugs or bodies 21 to the greatest extent adjacent the formation 14 the plugs or bodies 21 adjacent the formation 14 would be dissolved to a greater extent than the plugs or bodies adjacent the formations 12, 13, 15 and 16.
  • the apparatus is raised by the cable 17 and the plugs or bodies removed by opening closure member 20.
  • the retrieved plugs or bodies may then be weighed or measured, such as by calipering, to determine the extent of dissolution of the plugs or bodies by the water from formation 14.
  • a plot of data may be obtained, such as in Fig. 2,'in which the depth may be plotted against the weight or dimension loss of plug or body 21.
  • Fig. 2 it will be noted that the depth which shows the length of the borehole in which the cage 18 is arranged is plotted against the weight or dimension loss. It will be noted that the greatest dissolution of the plugs or bodies 21 occurs in the section B which corresponds to formation 14, whereas the dissolution in section A of the plugs or bodies is relatively uniform with a decreasing dissolution in section C of Fig. 2. Sections A and C correspond, respectively, to formations 16, 15, and 13 and 12. From these data it may be determined that water entry is being encountered at a specific depth in the well bore.
  • the cage 18 is provided with at least a supporting or retaining means 25 on which the plugs or bodies 21 may be arranged.
  • the grid or supporting bars 25 are arranged at an intermediate point in the cage 18 and plugs or bodies 21 may be supported thereon while other plugs or bodies 21 may be supported on the closure member 20 which also serves as a retaining or supporting means allowing an open space, such as 26, to be provided in the cage 18. It may be desirable to provide an embodiment such as in Fig. 3 when it is desired to have water and oil soluble plugs or bodies arranged in the cage 18 but separated from each other.
  • the invention may be employed in determining points of fluid entry, the rate of fluid entry, and for determining the relative points of entry of different types of fluid.
  • the plugs or bodies 21 may be composed of water soluble plugs or bodies in the upper section and oil soluble plugs or bodies say in a lower or intermediate section. After a given period of time during which the cage 18 with plugs or bodies 21 are in a well bore the soluble plugs or bodies may be recovered and measured to determine the incremental loss corresponding to depth measurements in the well bore.
  • the time the apparatus of the present invention including the soluble plugs or bodies remain exposed to well fluid will depend on several factors such as the type of plug or body used, the rate of fluid flow into or from the well bore, and the relative percentages of well fluid, such as oil or water, to be detected. A time in the range from about 5 or 10 minutes to about 24 hours should suflice in most instances. As a general rule, the plugs or bodies should be exposed to well fluid at a given depth for a time sufficient to dissolve the plug or plugs at least partially.
  • Apparatus for locating fluid entry into a well bore which comprises, in combination, an elongated cage adapted to be lowered and raised in a well-bore, a plurality of bodies soluble in a, wellfinid arranged in said cage, saidbodies being of sufficient size, and 'soluble in the well fluid coming into contact with said'bodies to dissolve the bodies a sufficient amount to indicate relative intrusion of said fluid into said Welland a cable secured to said cage and extending to the earths surface for raising and lowering said cage in said well bore.
  • Apparatus for locating fluid entry into a well bore which comprises, in combination, a cylindrical wire mesh cage adapted tto be lowered in a well bore, a plurality of soluble bodies arranged one upon another in said cage, said bodies being of sufficient size and soluble in the well fluid coming into contact: with said bodies to dissolve the bodies a sufficient amount to indicate relative intrusion of said fluid into said well and a cable. secured to said cage and extending to the earths surface for raising and lowering said cage, in said well bore.
  • Apparatus for locating fluid entry into a well bore which comprises, in combination, a cylindrical elongated cage adapted to be lowered and raised in a well bore, at least one body soluble in a Well fluid arranged in said cage, said body being of suflicient size and soluble in the well fluid coming into contact with said body to dissolve the body..a sufiicient amount to indicate relative intrusion of said fluid into said well and a cable secured to said cage and extending to the earths surface for raising and lowering said cage in said well bore.
  • Apparatus for locating fluid entry into a well bore which comprises, in combination, an elongated cage adapted to be lowered and raised in a well bore, at least one body soluble in a well fluid arranged in said cage, said body being of suflicient size and soluble in the well fluid coming into contact with said body to dissolve the body a suflicient amount to indicate relative intrusion of said fluid into said well, means for retaining said plug in said cage, at least one closure means arranged on one end of said cage, and a cable secured to said cage and extending to the earths surface for lowering and raising said cage.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

. Dec. 7, 1954 C. O; GRIFFITH APPARATUS FOR INDICATING ENTRY 0F FLUIDS IN WELL BORES Filed NOV. 7, 1952,
'F'IG. 2.
Depth Weighf or Dimension Loss- FIG. 5.
INVENTOR. Clayton 0. Griffith,
United States Patent APPARATUS FOR INDICATING ENTRY OF FLUIDS WELL BORES Clayton Oliver Griflith, Midland, Tex., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Standard Oil Development Company, Elizabeth, N. 5., a corporation of Delaware Application November 7, 1952, Serial No. 319,222
8 Ciaims. (Cl. 73-155) The present invention is directed to apparatus for 10- eating fluid entry into a well bore. More particularly, the invention is directed to apparatus for locating entry of water and/ or oil into a well bore in earth formations.
The present invention may be briefly described as an apparatus for locating fluid entry in a well bore which comprises an elongated cage adapted to be lowered and raised in a Well bore in which is arranged a plurality of plugs or bodies which are soluble in a fluid from said well. The plugs or bodies are arranged one upon another and are thus exposed to the well fluid upon lowering same in a well. The cage is provided with means such as a cable or wire line for lowering and raising the cage in said well bore.
The cage may be a cylindrical wire mesh cage or it may be composed of a suitable tube provided with perforations or slots and the like which will allow well fluid to contact the plugs or bodies which are arranged in the cage. The cage has attached to it a wire line or cable for lowering or raising the cage in a well. The cage is also provided with a suitable closure means which may be threadably engaged therewith. Preferably the cage has a closure means both on the top and the bottom for ready access thereto and for arranging and retaining plugs or bodies therein and removing plugs or bodies therefrom.
The plugs or bodies employed in the practice of the present invention may be either oil soluble plugs or bodies or water soluble plugs or bodies depending on the fluid whose entry is to be detected in a well. The oil soluble materials may be secured from a large number of solid organic materials, such as paraflin wax, naphthalene, asphalt of a suitable penetration, sulfur and the like.
The water soluble materials may be selected from the inorganic salts and the salts may be selected, depending upon the solubility desired, from, for example, sodium chloride, sugar, sodium sulfate, and the like; magnesium chloride and other water soluble materials may be used.
The invention will be further described by reference to the drawing in which Fig. 1 is a partial sectional view of the apparatus of the present invention arranged in a well bore;
Fig. 2 is a plot of data illustrating the use of the present invention showing that the entry of water may be determined from the middle 10 feet of a 50 foot producing interval; and
Fig. 3 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 1 illustrating how the plugs or bodies 21 may be supported or retained in the cage 18.
Referring now to the drawing, numeral 11 designates a well bore which traverses a plurality of formations 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16. It will be noted that formations 12, 13, 15 and 16 are oil bearing sands, whereas formation 14 is a water bearing sand. The apparatus of the present invention is located in the well 11 by lowering same from the earths surface on a wire line or cable 17. The wire line or cable 17 supports the cage 18 which may be constructed of a wire mesh and which is provided with a top closure means 19 which may be threadably connected to the cage 18 and a bottom closure member 20 which may be also threadably connected to the cage 18.
Arranged within the cage 18 is a plurality of water soluble plugs or bodies which may be plugs or bodies of sodium chloride. These plugs or bodies may be designated by the numeral 21 and are arranged one upon the other. It will be noted that the apparatus of the "ice present invention is arranged in the Well bore 11 such that the water formation or sand 14 is intermediate the upper and lower ends of the cage 18.
In practicing the present invention the cage 18 may be loaded with water soluble plugs or bodies, such as plugs or bodies of sodium chloride of about 1 foot intervals and, after loading the cage 18, the closure members 19 and 20 are securely fastened to the cage 18 and the cable 17 attached to the closure member 19 and the assembled cage lowered into the well bore. 11. Well fluid is allowed to flow from the formations 12 to 16, inclusive, for a suflicient length of time to allow' the water from the formation 14 to dissolve at least partially the plugs or bodies 21. Since the water would contact the plugs or bodies 21 to the greatest extent adjacent the formation 14 the plugs or bodies 21 adjacent the formation 14 would be dissolved to a greater extent than the plugs or bodies adjacent the formations 12, 13, 15 and 16. Thereafter, after the device of the present invention has remained in the well bore a suflicient length of time, the apparatus is raised by the cable 17 and the plugs or bodies removed by opening closure member 20. The retrieved plugs or bodies may then be weighed or measured, such as by calipering, to determine the extent of dissolution of the plugs or bodies by the water from formation 14. A plot of data may be obtained, such as in Fig. 2,'in which the depth may be plotted against the weight or dimension loss of plug or body 21.
Referring now to Fig. 2, it will be noted that the depth which shows the length of the borehole in which the cage 18 is arranged is plotted against the weight or dimension loss. It will be noted that the greatest dissolution of the plugs or bodies 21 occurs in the section B which corresponds to formation 14, whereas the dissolution in section A of the plugs or bodies is relatively uniform with a decreasing dissolution in section C of Fig. 2. Sections A and C correspond, respectively, to formations 16, 15, and 13 and 12. From these data it may be determined that water entry is being encountered at a specific depth in the well bore.
Referring now to Fig. 3 in which identical numerals will be employed to designate identical parts, the cage 18 is provided with at least a supporting or retaining means 25 on which the plugs or bodies 21 may be arranged. With this modification of my invention, it is possible to provide a space between a series of plugs or bodies 21; thus, in the embodiment of Fig. 3, the grid or supporting bars 25 are arranged at an intermediate point in the cage 18 and plugs or bodies 21 may be supported thereon while other plugs or bodies 21 may be supported on the closure member 20 which also serves as a retaining or supporting means allowing an open space, such as 26, to be provided in the cage 18. It may be desirable to provide an embodiment such as in Fig. 3 when it is desired to have water and oil soluble plugs or bodies arranged in the cage 18 but separated from each other.
The invention may be employed in determining points of fluid entry, the rate of fluid entry, and for determining the relative points of entry of different types of fluid. For example, the plugs or bodies 21 may be composed of water soluble plugs or bodies in the upper section and oil soluble plugs or bodies say in a lower or intermediate section. After a given period of time during which the cage 18 with plugs or bodies 21 are in a well bore the soluble plugs or bodies may be recovered and measured to determine the incremental loss corresponding to depth measurements in the well bore.
The time the apparatus of the present invention including the soluble plugs or bodies remain exposed to well fluid will depend on several factors such as the type of plug or body used, the rate of fluid flow into or from the well bore, and the relative percentages of well fluid, such as oil or water, to be detected. A time in the range from about 5 or 10 minutes to about 24 hours should suflice in most instances. As a general rule, the plugs or bodies should be exposed to well fluid at a given depth for a time sufficient to dissolve the plug or plugs at least partially.
While my invention has been described as employing a plurality of plugs or bodies, it is within the purview thereof to have an elongated plug or body arranged in a cage and lowered in a well bore.
The nature and objects of; the present invention having been completely described and illustrated, whatI wish to claim as new and useful andto secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Apparatus for locating fluid entry into a well bore which comprises, in combination, an elongated cage adapted to be lowered and raised in a well-bore, a plurality of bodies soluble in a, wellfinid arranged in said cage, saidbodies being of sufficient size, and 'soluble in the well fluid coming into contact with said'bodies to dissolve the bodies a sufficient amount to indicate relative intrusion of said fluid into said Welland a cable secured to said cage and extending to the earths surface for raising and lowering said cage in said well bore.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which the bodies are water soluble.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which the bodies are oil soluble.
4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which a portion of the bodies are water soluble and another portion are oil soluble.
5. Apparatus for locating fluid entry into a well bore which comprises, in combination, a cylindrical wire mesh cage adapted tto be lowered in a well bore, a plurality of soluble bodies arranged one upon another in said cage, said bodies being of sufficient size and soluble in the well fluid coming into contact: with said bodies to dissolve the bodies a sufficient amount to indicate relative intrusion of said fluid into said well and a cable. secured to said cage and extending to the earths surface for raising and lowering said cage, in said well bore.
6. Apparatus in accordance with claim 5 in which at least part of the bodies are water soluble.
7. Apparatus for locating fluid entry into a well bore which comprises, in combination, a cylindrical elongated cage adapted to be lowered and raised in a well bore, at least one body soluble in a Well fluid arranged in said cage, said body being of suflicient size and soluble in the well fluid coming into contact with said body to dissolve the body..a sufiicient amount to indicate relative intrusion of said fluid into said well and a cable secured to said cage and extending to the earths surface for raising and lowering said cage in said well bore.
8. Apparatus for locating fluid entry into a well bore which comprises, in combination, an elongated cage adapted to be lowered and raised in a well bore, at least one body soluble in a well fluid arranged in said cage, said body being of suflicient size and soluble in the well fluid coming into contact with said body to dissolve the body a suflicient amount to indicate relative intrusion of said fluid into said well, means for retaining said plug in said cage, at least one closure means arranged on one end of said cage, and a cable secured to said cage and extending to the earths surface for lowering and raising said cage.
References (Iitcd in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,947,592 Haller Feb. 20, 1934 2,433,718 Teplitz Dec. 30, 1947 2,439,542 Hunt Apr. 13, 1948
US319222A 1952-11-07 1952-11-07 Apparatus for indicating entry of fluids in well bores Expired - Lifetime US2696112A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841980A (en) * 1955-10-06 1958-07-08 Kay Tyler Method of determining the detergency value of oils and apparatus for use in connection therewith
US2909923A (en) * 1957-08-26 1959-10-27 Kaiser H Miller Method of identifying fluids and their points of influx in a well
US3187567A (en) * 1961-11-16 1965-06-08 Pure Oil Co Fluid flow indicating method and apparatus for well bores
US3384181A (en) * 1966-01-25 1968-05-21 Union Oil Co Apparatus for detecting sand entrainment
US3451264A (en) * 1967-06-21 1969-06-24 Shell Oil Co Process for determining the injection profile of a cased well
US6467340B1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2002-10-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Asphaltenes monitoring and control system
US20050106738A1 (en) * 2000-10-17 2005-05-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for storing and transporting crude oil
US20240084679A1 (en) * 2021-03-22 2024-03-14 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Apparatus and method for milling openings in an uncemented blank pipe

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1947592A (en) * 1930-04-14 1934-02-20 John F Haller Combination gauge bob and thermometer
US2433718A (en) * 1945-04-10 1947-12-30 Gulf Research Development Co Method and apparatus for determining the location of producing horizons in wells
US2439542A (en) * 1945-04-04 1948-04-13 Raymond S Hunt Water detector for oil wells

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1947592A (en) * 1930-04-14 1934-02-20 John F Haller Combination gauge bob and thermometer
US2439542A (en) * 1945-04-04 1948-04-13 Raymond S Hunt Water detector for oil wells
US2433718A (en) * 1945-04-10 1947-12-30 Gulf Research Development Co Method and apparatus for determining the location of producing horizons in wells

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841980A (en) * 1955-10-06 1958-07-08 Kay Tyler Method of determining the detergency value of oils and apparatus for use in connection therewith
US2909923A (en) * 1957-08-26 1959-10-27 Kaiser H Miller Method of identifying fluids and their points of influx in a well
US3187567A (en) * 1961-11-16 1965-06-08 Pure Oil Co Fluid flow indicating method and apparatus for well bores
US3384181A (en) * 1966-01-25 1968-05-21 Union Oil Co Apparatus for detecting sand entrainment
US3451264A (en) * 1967-06-21 1969-06-24 Shell Oil Co Process for determining the injection profile of a cased well
US6467340B1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2002-10-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Asphaltenes monitoring and control system
US20050106738A1 (en) * 2000-10-17 2005-05-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for storing and transporting crude oil
US7037724B2 (en) 2000-10-17 2006-05-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method for storing and transporting crude oil
US20240084679A1 (en) * 2021-03-22 2024-03-14 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Apparatus and method for milling openings in an uncemented blank pipe

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