US2666402A - Self-sealing shingle - Google Patents

Description

Ian. 19, 1954 G. w. cLARvoE SELF-SEALING SHINGLE Filed Aug. lO. 1948 y M ma y M W .5

Patented Jan. 19, 1954 UNI'I'EDl STATES PATENT.v l OFFICE v n V i fflassenozf 'ijf v'salirsr'ALlNcf SHINGLE *n George Clarvoe,-i.Somerville, N. J., assignor to f i JohnsManvillef- Corporation, New York, N. Y.,

afcorporationof New York a f- Appigscion'iiugustio, 1948, serial N6. 43,459

somma. (ci. 10s-7) The instant invention :relates to flexible Vrcioiin'g or siding shingles and like'covering elements and more particularly to improvedshingles"of'fthe type including Aa Istripe-orllane :of cementing compound on the'undersideof-*the"shingle or shingle tabs-adjacent the b utt edge, whereby the butts are adapted tobecomeself'sealed tothe underlying shingles or roof structure to prevent lifting undery adverseweather!conditions.l The invention is applicable to"V `either` individual shingles or strip shingles `but, inasmuch as the problem of curling orlifting' is more prevalent with the latter type,the invention willbe described particularly in `their connection.` Such shingles conventionally constitute-'an integral head portion and aplurality of&exposure"tabs or buttV portions extending frdnithe head. portion and separated by spacesorfslots; if' l`In the prior' application-'1'off'Clarvoeiand Pomeroy, Serial No. 721;'598ffldJanuary l"1'1, 31947, which has Abeen labandoned in favriof va fcontinuation in partapplication, :S.;N:'56;932led fOct0ber28, l1948, disclosing :the subjetfmatter Y of the earlier application, there is disclosed a construction Vwhich hasj4 proved "effective inlthe solution of this problem and jwhich-, at `the same time, I has eliminated thef oflisadvanta'gesL of prior- `proposals attempting similar-results fAccording to 4-saidffprior` disclosure'jjareadily fracturable Aadhesive is used'as-` the sealing medium which, Ywhen fractured, presents bright-,'- cleanxsurface's having wetting and adhesive..'propertiesIv @The `adhesive-is applied inthe form of lanes or stripes Aon Vthe undersurfaces ofthe -shingles Aadiacent Vthe butt edges. The shingles-are packed `backv to 'backVv inrpairs, the adhesive forminga single, homogeneous lane 4 adhered to `vboth Ashingles of the pair. Whenthe lshingles are :to'be laid, they are removed from VAthe bundles and bent'apart to fracture the lane intermediate {their-thickness to leave cementinglanes ongeach shingle:v jg It-has `been determined that, fdue 1to the eiectivenessof the sealing action, the: adhesive lane forms `a `barrier whichgprevents drainage or ventilation -of the backsfof thej;shingles; when rain is, driven underneath the shinglesthrough spacesuat the ,uncemented side edges.'v 'I'he instant` invention has for its principal obj ect Ythe provision of 1an? improvedL construction' of the Clarvoe and A Pomeroy'- type; whichjwill overcome this 'diiiiculty by providing'foradequate drainage-'withoutidetractingi from the effectiveness of 171185413811. li' ki' F. v L

More lspecifically an; theproiiision of ga;.;constrp ction :which :has the ment adhesive material applied in spaced patches` to denedrainage openings. At the Sametime the construction insures an adequate thickness 'of the adhesive compound on each shingleandp'r'- vides, at; least on portions of thepatches, the bright, clean, 1 fractured surfaces desired `-for leffective and promptv sealing. Y f

` Briey stated, the objects of the invention are attained by a shingle having the cementingmaterial lying'inv spaced patches forminga discontinuous lane, the spaces between thefpatches being of lesser extent than the patches'whereb'y, when the shingles are packaged in pairs,` at least vportions of the patches on 'opposed shingles-will necessarilyV be in contact and will weld together to form a homogeneous, double thickness'layer which fractiires when the shingles are separated. Myf invention will VYbe more fully understood .and further objects and advantages nthereof will 'become apparent when reference `is made.. tothe more detailed ydescription of a preferred embodithe accompanying drawings in which: Y

,Fig. 1 is a perspective view of va shingle embodying the instant invention, the shingle being inverted togshow its .under face; Y h Fig. 2 is a view of a sectionv4 of aroo'f covered y withk shingles ofthe instant invention;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the arrangement of the shingles in a bundle or package; l

Fig. 4 is an edge view on a greatly enlarged scale illustrating the Ubutt edges of a pair` of shingles before separation; and l f y"Figa 5 is aperspectivevieu/partly in section, illustrating the Inanner'of separating thesh'ingles of a pair in preparation -for laying.

Referring now to the drawings, the invention is shown as embodied in an otherwise conventional'strip shingle 'mj-Suchshingle, as is well knov'vn'fin theV` art, is usuallyprepared lfrom 4`a roong felt I2 as a base, the felt being saturated with a waterproofing compound such as arelaf tively 1ow melt point asphalt.v IOnthe'., surface to be -placed'upp'ermost a suitableweather prc`v ;of the invention which isto-follow and tov tending from the butt edge 2l to a headlap area 22 whereby, when the shingles are laid as illustrated in Fig. 2 they simulate the appearance of a plurality of individual shingles. Due to the exible characteristics of a shingle of this type, if the tabs are unsecured, it frequently happens that they are lifted or curled back and sometimes completely torn oi under the action of high winds. To avoid this difficulty it has been proposed, as previously mentioned, to provide lanes of adhesive material on the under surface of the butts of the shingles, the adhesive being of a character which will self-adhere to the undern lying roof structure. The constructionrshown and claimed in the said Clarvoe and Pomeroy co-pending application is of this type and includes a stripe of fracturableadhesive of a character to Wet and adhere to a juxtaposed surface when the shingle is subjected to solar radiation at normal temperatures. The shingles are packaged in pairs with the stripes ,in contact whereby they become welded together. The fracturable nature of the adhesive is utilized to permit the shingles to be readily separated and to provide, when fractured, the bright, clean sur faces needed to secure adherencel to the surface of a structure such as the granular surface of overlapped shingles. Adhesives employed for this purpose are petroleum resins,pressure still pitches, coal tar pitches and related bitumens of similar characteristics, with or without additional modiers, such as various types of petroleum, coal tar, or synthetic resins, the compounds having physical properties lying within or substantially within the limits given below:

Min. Max.

Melting Point, Ring and Ball .F 175 200 Penetration at 77 F., 100 grams, 5 seconds l 8 Penetration at 115 F., 50 grams, y5 seconds 5 20 Flow at 160 F., 6 hours 45 angle, M" cube, Barrett Test .inches.. etv Saybolt Furol Viscosity at 350 F., seconds 100 2,50 Asphalt Viscosity Index f 3. 5 `6. 5 Impact Test-M x 3 Diameter Disc Single B v at 115 F., inch-pounds 5.0

Typical examples of specific compounds meeting the above requirements are as follows:

spaced areas, as shown in the prior co-pending application, is applied in patches 20, the patches forming discontinuous lanes on the under sur-4 faces of the shingles adjacent and preferably parallel to the butt edges. The patches are so arranged that the spaces between the patches are of lesser extent than the patches, as clearly illustrated in Figs. l, 3 and 4. Y

Theshingles are paired, as before, with their backs adjacent. Due to the greater extent of the patches as compared to the spaces between them, the patches of opposed shingles of a pair necessarily overlap, as clearly illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the Voverlapping portions welding together to'forr'ri an integral, homogeneous layer, 4cernenting the shingles together.

llt will 'be Y Vappreciatedthat, inasmuch as the adhesive is preferably applied during the manufacture of the shingles and suitably before they are separated from the roofing sheets, it is not possible to insure that widely separated spots of adhesive on dierent shingles will coincide when 4the shingles are paired. Where, however, the construction of the instant invention is used with the adhesive patches longer than the spaces between them, at least partial coincidence is insured. Thepairs of'shingles are bundled, preferably as illustrated in Fig; 3. When they are to be laid, they are separated by grasping them adjacent their unsecured edges and pulling them apart (see Fig. 5), the single, homogeneous layer formed by the overlapping portions cf the patches fracturing intermediate Vits whereby each shingle is provided with an adequate thickness of the cernenting material and the adhesive, at least in part, has the bright, clean surfaces which insure rapid adherence to the underlying structure; The unfractured areas of the patches, whilel slower in operation, will eventually seal, the fractured surfaces in the meantime adequately vpreventing curling of the tabs. As illustrated' in 2, the spaces between thefpatches permit vdrainage and ventilation of any spaces beneath the shingles.

Having thus described ni'y invention in rather full detail, it Will b il'ldstCidA that these details need not te Ystrictly adhered to but that various changes' andmdications may suggest 4themselves to o skilled in the art, all falling Within the slcp ,O'f the investita as deemed by th?. Subioned claims what I claim is,

1. A pair) o prepared asijh'alftic exterior covering sheets each having front and back sur@ faces and arranged with 'orient' said surfaces` of n sl'it facg l f Said Surfaces of the othersheet, said facing surfaces `etait having spaced patches Vof en'ientingf' material so arraligcll that th Dtlls f tlfi respective vStir-- faces" are partially in register with each other, the registering c'emeii material efV the patches forming integral cementig Alayers connecting the sheets togthei, said ,e'l'et'ing'l' material comprising a biturr-iious compound fracturable at normal ambient temperatures and natiiig h'igh wetting characteristics and high adhesiiie characteristics under` sla radiation at normal temperatures, said compound having a ring' and ball soften-ing poi-nty of the" or'der of 175 F; to 296 F. and a penetration at 115 F., 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the'range 5 2'0.

1 2,-Apair e'fprepared 'asphaltic' exterior cover;x ing sheets each having front and back surfaces andarranged withcnef of said` surfaces of one depth sheet, said facing surfaces each having spaced patches of cementing material forming opposite discontinuous lanes with the patches of the ref spective sheets in partial register with each other, the registering cementing material of the patches forming integralr cementing layers connecting the sheets together at the registering portions, said cementing material comprising a bituminous compound fracturable at normal ambient temperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesive characteristics adjacent their butt edges, the patches of the respective lanes being in partial register and overlapping and forming integral cementing layers connecting the shingles together at the overlapping portions, said cementing material comprising a bituminous compound racturable at normal ambient temperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesive characteristics under solar radiation at normal tem peratures, said compound having a ring and ball softening point of the order of 175 F. to 200 F. and a penetration at 115 F., 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the range 5-20.

5. rihe invention as defined in claim 4, in which said lanes are approximately parallel to the butt edges and the spaces between the patches are of lesser extent than the patches.

6. A pair of shingles placed back to back with their butt edges adjacent, the backs of the shingles adjacent said butt edges having spaced kpatches of cementing material forming opposite discontinuous lanes approximately parallel with the butt edges, the spaces between the patches being of lesser extent than the patches and the opposed patches overlapping and forming integral cementing layers connecting the shingles together at the overlapping portions, saidy cementing material comprising' a bituminous compound fracturable at normal ambient temperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesive characteristics under solar radiation at normal temperatures, such as to enable the compound to adhere firmly to substances, such as a cement-free surface portion of a like covering element, having a diierent composition than said compound, as well as to the compound itself, said compound having a ring and ball softening point of the order of 175 F. to 200 F., a penetration at 115 F. in the range 5-20, a viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 350 F.v of 10D-250 seconds, and an impact resistance (impact test 1A X 3 diameter disc single blow at F.) of a maximum of 5.0 inch-pounds, whereby said elements are held securely together as a pair but are readily separableby fracture of the integral layer at the overlapping portions of the patches to present bright, clean adhesive surfaces on each element over the area of fracture.

GEORGE W. CLARVOE.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATFS PATENTS Number Name Date 1,848,076 Fischer Mar. 1, 1932 2,210,209 Kirschbraun Aug. 6, 1940 2,300,488 Cuno Nov. 3, 1942 2,390,697 Eason Dec. 11, 1945 2,418,135 Moore Apr. 1, 1947 2,421,892 Kirschbraun June l0, 1947

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