US2411209A - Bit - Google Patents

Description

Patented Nov. 19, 1946 BIT Garland W. Hall, Port Neches, Richard F. Sens, Beaumont, and Matthew A. 1Furth, Nederland, Tex., assignors to The PureOil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Ohio Application uly 2c, 1944:, Serial No. 54.6,696

3 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a drilling bit particularly useful for removing scale from heat exchanger tubes.

It is common practice in the petroleum and other industries to utilize tubular type heat exchangers for cooling, condensing and heating purposes in which water or other liquid is used as a cooling or heating medium. Water deposits scale in the tube, which must be periodically removed in order to maintain the efficiency of the.

exchanger and to prevent the exchange-rfrom becoming completely clogged. If a liquid such as mineral is used as heating or cooling medium, carbonaceous material maybe deposited in the tubes and must be removed.

It is common practice to remove scale from heat exchanger tubes by reaming and/or drilling the tubes with rotary metal bits operated from a power source. Frequent breakage occursin the use of commercial types of bits andthe bits wear dutrapidly, necessitating the use of a large number of bits for each cleaning job. 1

An object of the invention is to provide a drilling bit for cleaning heat exchanger tubes.

An object of the invention is to provide a bit capable of expediting the cleaning of heat eX-. changer tubes. e

A further object of the invention is to provide a drilling and reaming bit capable of longer life than bits heretofore used in. drilling and reaming.

of heat exchanger tubes.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a bit capable of removing scale, carbonaceous or other solid deposits from heat exchanger tubes without injury to the tubes.

A still further object of theinvention is to provide a bit for cleaning heat exchanger tubes which requires less manual effort during the drilling ope-ration than is required in connection with the use of known types of bits.

Other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawing of which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic, side-elevational view of the. bit;

Figure 2' is a front end diagrammatic, front elesection of the bit taken along the line 5-5 of Figurel; and Figure 6 is a vertical cross-section ot the bit taken along the line 6-6 of Figurel. Referring to the drawing, the numeral 1 represents the threaded shank end of the bit, adapted to be screwed into a threadedpipe; (not shown) which. in turn is adapted to be rotated by power means. The length and diameter of the shank end will dependon the size of the bit. In a bit, the overall length of which is approximately 4 and. the greatest diameter of which is approximately A.",'the shank end may be approximately in length and approximately /2" outside diameter. The shank end is preferably protected by an insulating coating so that during the heat treatment of the bit, maximum hardness is not obtained at or near the point where the shank is joined to the main body of the bit. It is important to reduce the hardness of the shank end below the hardness of the cutting surface, and to. increase the toughness of the shank end at the point of juncture of the shank with the main body of the bit, because breakage most comnionly occurs at the point where the shank is joined to the main body of the bit during drilling and/or reaming operations.

The main body of the bit has an outer surface composed of a series of spaced cutting surfaces 2 with intervening flutes 3 located between the cutting surfaces. As is apparent from the drawing, the diameter of the bit gradually increases from a minimum along the line 4--4 of Figure 1 to a maximum along the line 55 of Figure 1 and the bit is of uniform diameter fromfthe line 5il to the rear end of the body. In a bit having an overall length of approximately e the diameter along the line 1-4 of the bit will be approximately /64 of an. inch and the diameter along the line E-5 would be approximately of aninch. The width of the cutting surfaces 2 on a bit of this size will gradually increase from /64; of an'inch along the line i4 to /32 of an inch along the line 5--5. From the point extending from the line. 55 to the rear end 4, the sur- .5 5, are bevelled as shown in Figures 5 and 6,

so that the edges 5- are not as sharpv as the edges 5 between the line 1-4 and the line 5-5. The

.bevelled surfaces 5 are wider than the cutting surfaces 2, increasing in width from the line 5- -5 to the end 4, and are designed to act as a guide to keep the bit properly centered in the tube. The edges 6 of the cutting surfaces between the lines 44 and 55 are sharp and are designed to cut scale from the inner Wall of the tube.

s ,As will be seen from Figures i and 2, the front ends of the bit is conical in shape and is provided with radial cutting surfaces 9 joining cutting surfaces 2 along the line 4-4. The edge-s it of the cutting surfaces 9 aresharp and are designed to ting surfaces must be of suflicient width and depth to permit sufiicient flow of water or other liquid through the bit and to provide adequate space to allow sufiicient liquid to flow through and around the bit to cool it and to remove and 8 and the rear-end 4 of the body of the bit. These holes may be approximately 3% of an inch in diameter. Two additional holes I9 are drilled from the bottoms of the remaining two opposite flutes diagonally into the front end of the passage I 5.

These holes, likewise, may be approximately 1?; of an inch in diameter.

The bit as described contains six holes eac connecting the bottom of a flute to the passageway I5. Additional holes may be drilled in order 1 to increase the flow of cooling liquid through the wash away the scale which is cut from the inside of a tube. As is apparent from Figures 4 to 6,

the flutes 3 have a comparatively steep side I 1 adjacent the cutting edges 1 so that the side H of the flute makes an angle of slightly less than 90 with the cutting surfaces 2, and the flutes extend to a depth such that the distance from the innermost point l2 of one flute to the innermost point l2 of the opposite flute is somewhat greater than the diameter of the threaded shank. For example, where the outside diameter of the shank is approximately 1;, the distance between the innermost point of one flute and the innermost point of the opposite flute will be approximately of an inch at the point where the body portion of the bit joins the shank and about of an inch at the line 4-4.

As is apparent from the drawing, the surface l3 of the flute extending from the lowest point I2 thereof to the back edge M of the cutting surface is relatively long as compared to the portion II, and makes 'an oblique angle with the cutting surface 2. Because of the gradually increasing diameter of the bit from the line 44 to the line 5-5, the flutes increase in both depth and width from the line 44 to the line 55.

By constructing the bit in the manner described, the thickness of the cutting blades at the bottom of the flutes is considerably greater than the thickness of the blades at the cutting surfaces, thereby giving the blades greater strength at the bottom and preventing the blades from being broken when running in hard scale. Moreover, bits constructed in accordance with our invention have a greater amount of cutting surface than conventional type bits, thereby increasing the cutting life of the bit.

The bits should be made from high-speed tool steel, such as Rex AA high-speed tool steel, and heat treated to harden the cutting surfaces. Bits can be satisfactorily treated by heating to 1500 F. slowly, then raising the temperature quickly to 2300 F., quenching in oil at about 600 F., and then drawing at 600 F.

The bit is provided With an axial passageway l5 running through the bit from the shank end to a point It adjacent the front end of the bit. In a bit ofthe size hereinabove described, the point l6 may be approximately of an inch from the line 44. and the diameter of the passageway may be approximately 'e of an inch. A hole I! is drilled from the bottom of one flute to the bottom of the opposite flute at a point appoint approximately half way between-the point bit.

In order to set forth the size relationships between the various parts of the bit, a bit of particular size has been described. The bit hereinabove described is adapted for cleaning tubes of 1 inch 0. D. No. 12, P. W. G. It should be understood, however, that the bit will vary in size in accordance with the size of the tube which it is desired to clean, but we have found that the proportions herein above set forth are the optimum conditions to be maintained in a bit of any size in order to obtain the best results.

During a drilling operation the bit is screwed into a hollow pipe threaded to receive the shank end of the bit, which pip is provided with means to circulate water or other liquid into the passageway l5 from which it escapes through the holes I1, I 8, and I9 to maintain the bit sufficiently cool and to wash away through the flutes the scale or other solid cuttings removed from the tube. The bit will'be rotated in clockwise direction.

In actual operation we have been ab'le to drill in excess of 1500 tubes with one bit without inter-' ruption or breakage; whereas, with the bits formerly used in this service, it was common to wear out or break a bit in drilling anywhere from 1 to 20 tubes. The saving in time effected :by the use of our novel bit in cleaning scale, carbon or other solid deposits from heat exchanger tubes has materially shortened the down time of petroleum tion, a shank and a front end, said body portion gradually increasing in diameter from the front end to a point adjacent the rear end thereof and having a plurality of substantially straight longitudinal spaced cutting surfaces around the periphery thereof running along the length of the body to said point adjacent the rear end of said body portion, said cutting surfaces having intervening flutes, the rear end of said body portion having a plurality of spaced guiding surfaces with intervening flutes, said rear end being of uniform diameter throughout, said front end having a plurality of'spaced cutting surfaces terminating at a point in line with the midline of said bit.

2. An elongated bit comprising amain body portion and a shank, a plurality of equally spaced straight ribs running longitudinally of 'said body portion with elongated'r'ecesses therebetweenthe outer edges of said ribs lying in the circumference 7 to said point adjacent the rear endthereof, the

rear end portion of said ribs being parallel to each other and'devoid of sharp cutting edges and the outer edges of the ribs in said rear "end portion the remaining portion of said ribsl 7 having a surface substantially wider than that of 3. An elongated bit comprising a main body portion, a front end and a threaded shank, a plurality of equally spaced straight ribs running longitudinally of said body portion with elongated recesses therebetween said ribs sloping from the front end of said body portion to a point adjacent the rear end of said body portion so that the portion of said ribs being parallel to each other and. devoid of sharp cutting'edges and the outer edges of said ribs in said rear portion having a surface substantially wider than that of the remainin portion of said ribs; the front end of said bit being conical with a plurality of radially disposed cutting ribs terminating in a point along the midline of said bit.

GARLAND W. HALL.

RICHARD F. SENS.

MATTHEW A. FURTH.

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