US2038122A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

April 2L 1936/. f c, A. OLSON ET AL 2,038,122

BOILER Filed July 3, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ill/l, I

prll 2L 19356. c. A. OLSON r-:T AL

BOILER Filed July 3, 1933 4 sheets-sha1 4` Patented Apr. 21, 1936 UNI-TED STATES PATENT OFFICE BOILER ApplicationJuly 3, 1933, Serial No. 678,780 s claims. (o1. 122-225) This invention pertains in general to boilers and particularly to sectional boilers designed for the burning of oil or gas or other fuels requiring a large combustion space for efflcientutilization of available heating units.

One of the unfortunate phases of the adoption ofV oil or gas as a fuel for apartment and household rboilers is found in the factthat, more `frequently than not, coal burning grates have been removed from boilers designed for the burning of coal, and oil or gas burning devices attached, without sufliciently altering the boilers to facilitate eilicient burning of these fuels. The possibilities of the fuel are thus largely neglected. This invention aims to provide a boiler especially designed for the burning of fuel oil or gas and will be found to possess many advantages residing in the construction thus afforded.

In general the object of the invention is to provide improvements in boilers especially adapted for the burning of oil or gas. Particular objects of the invention will be alluded to as the features to which they pertain are hereinafter described.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a boiler comprising the invention partly in side elevation and partly in central vertical section;

Fig. 2 is an elevation looking from the back of the front vertical boiler section, with the same removed from the boiler;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2;

35 Fig. 5 is an elevation looking from either side `of any of the intermediate sections shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a central vertical section through the intermediate boiler section shown'in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is an elevation looking toward the inside face of the rear boiler section;

Fig. 8 is a central vertical section on the line 8-8 of Fig. '7;

Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional View on the line 9---9 of Fig. '7;

Fig. 10 is a horizontal sectional View on the line IU-I of Fig. 5;

Fig. 11 is a horizontal sectional View on the line Il--II of Fig. 5;

Fig. l2 is a perspective view of a closure member for a flue clean-out port;

Fig. 13 is a partial Atop plan View partially in section showing the manner of positioning and locking the clean-out port covers; and

Fig. 14 is a vertical section on the line I4-I4 of Fig. 13.

The boiler rebox or combustion chamber has the general shape indicated in Fig. 5, the combustion chamber I being rather pear shaped in crosssection, the fuel being blown in through the port 2 in the front boiler section burning within the combustion chamber, the ilue gases passing upwardly over vertically extending bridges generally indicated as 3, in Figs. 5 and 10, and passing downwardly through the vertical lues 4 on opposite sides of the boiler, thence into the horizontal bottom ues 5 which carry the flue gases rearwardly and bring them together at the ilue passage 6 in the rear section, thence outwardly into the smoke box I at the rear of the boiler from whence they pass olf to a chimney.

The water is brought into the boiler at the bottom of the rear boiler section, as, for example, into the ports 8 and 9 shown in Fig. '7. It can then pass from section to section through ports II provided in the bottoms of the intermediate sections and into the front section through ports I2. 'Ihe water, upon being heated, rises through the water legs on opposite sides of the combustion space, such as the water legs I3 in the intermediate sections, the water legs I4 in the rear section, and the water legs I5 in the front boiler section. Water vchambers of the boiler sections are connected together by the usual push nipples through an aligned passage I6 which extends through all of the boiler sections.

The boiler will be used in connection with hot water or steam systems, the various pipes such as I'I serving to carry the hot water or steam into the heating system. The number of risers employed in any installation is, of course, a matter of choice.

The tie rods for connecting together the bottoms of the boiler sections do not form a part of the invention but are indicated as I8 in Fig. l, while the tie rods for holding together the tops of the boiler sections are indicated as I9 in Fig. 1.

At the front end of the combustion chamber there is provided a port 2| provided with a door 22 in which are mounted several plates of glass 23 providing an opening so that the condition of the flame may be observed.

At the rear of the combustion chamber ther'e is provided another port 24 equipped with a hinged relief ydoor 25 to relieve suddenly accumulating pressures.

It will be observed that the flues leading from the combustion chamber are vertical ilues carrying the flue gases downwardly until they are delivered into the horizontal bottom flues 5. In order to facilitate the cleaning of these vertical flues, openings such as 26 are provided in the intermediate sections just above each vertical flue 4, these openings, however, being down some distance from the top surface of the boiler. It is necessary to keep these openings normally closed, and it is also advisable to finish off the top surface of the boiler to present a neat and uniform appearance. Accordingly, the closure members are covers for the clean-out ports and are of an unusual shape, consisting of a curved outside plate 2l which conforms to the side walls of the boiler and also covers the top of the aperture between adjoining boiler sections. A lower horizontal plate 28 in each of these closure members itself performs the actual function of closing off the port 26. Above this plate there is provided a second horizontal plate 29. The threaded bolt 3| passes through a locking plate 32, this plate being intended to be rotated by the turning of the bolt until its ends rotate into passage recesses 33 and 34 in the wall 35 which exists between each two boiler sections. Figs. 13 and 14 show this construction best and also show that the recesses 33 and 34 have top shoulders 36 and 31 against which the locking plate 32 will be raised upwardly by the bolt 3l, thus forcing the lflue port closure members tightly down into the wall 35.

It will be noted that the entire combustion chamber is surrounded on all of its side, top and bottom walls by water, permitting thereby a ready transference of the heat units from the burning gases to the water. The water legs I3 (see Figs. 5 and l0) also are amply subjected to the heat of the fiue gases as the latter travel downwardly to the horizontal flues 5.

Reference to Fig. of the drawings will disclose that a large amount of heat transfer area is obtained in the combustion chamber itself by making the walls thereof in a corrugated pattern without, however, interfering with the draft of the boiler, and obtaining a considerable increase in efficiency by having the walls jut out into the combustion chamber where the swirling gases may impinge against them. It will be noted that this impinging action will not be casual but is made positive by the fact that the burning gases must swirl around the protruding walls of the water chambers in order to find their way into the vertical gas flues 4 before they commence their downward travel. In fact the entrance to the top of each gas ue is found in a recess between the crests of the corrugations.

At the bottom of the combustion chamber we provide especially `designed refractories having slots 2li through which air may pass upwardly as it is admitted from the draft regulator 30. Of course, if the fuel burner actually employed does not need secondary air supplied through the regulator 36 the latter may be closed. These refractories will radiate heat downwardly into the air spaces below them and thus serve to transfer heat to the water chambers below and by radiating heat upwardly they contribute materially to promoting high combustion chamber temperatures in aid of complete burning of the fuel. The refractory 2l) having only slight contact with the water-cooled surfaces of the rebox can attain incandescence readily and quickly.

Along' the rear wall at the end of the combustion chamber we -p-rovide a refractory wall 38 which will absorb heat from the burning gases and reflect and radiate heat back into them to thus increase their temperature. A forwardly projecting ledge 39 will serve to divert downwardly and forwardly some of the gases that impinge against the refractory surface 38.

By making the rebox of the shape shown in the drawings, with its height about twice its width, and obtaining increased capacity merely by adding more intermediate sections in accordance with the size of the heating plant, we nd that the burning of the fuel is accomplished with a high degree of efciency. Ample space is thus provided for the volatile gases to complete their combustion and this combustion can be completed within the firebox itself where all of the burning gas that is present obtains the benefit of the large mass action which is taking place.

The walls of the flues not only may be readily reached for cleaning through the ports 26, but also it is convenient to reach the side walls of the combustion chamber through these same cleanout ports 26, the tool being inserted over the top of the vertical bridge walls 3. Thus the boiler may readily be kept in prime operating condition.

With the aid of the refractories, as shown, the combustion temperatures may be raised to increase thoroughness of the burning of the fuel and to attain many ensuing advantages therefrom.

The present illustration indicates one embodiment .of the invention in its present preferred form. It should, however, be understood that various novel features of the invention may be incorporated in boilers differing somewhat from the illustrated construction, yet remaining within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In an oil burning boiler having a combustion chamber defined by water back walls, refractory members for lining the bottom of said chamber having bosses for supporting them on the bottom and side walls of said chamber whereby the major portions of the refractory members are out of contact with the water cooled walls, the front wall of the combustion chamber having an aperture through which uid fuel may be projected against said refractory rear wall, and a refractory wall positioned against the rear wall of the combustion chamber having on its vertical front surface a forwardly extending central portion entirely surrounded by concave surfaces for deflecting the combustion gases downwardly, laterally and upwardly from said portion.

2. In an oil burning boiler having a combustion chamber with an inlet at the front end thereof for an oil burner, said chamber having water backed walls at its sides and bottom, refractory members lining the bottom of said chamber and a refractory wall at the rear end thereof extending upwardly a substantial distance provided with a central forwardly projecting portion entirely surrounded by concave surfaces shaped for deflecting combustion gases impinging thereagainst downwardly, laterally and upwardly in a uniform manner.

3. A sectional boiler comprising a plurality of sections when assembled providing water containing spaces defining the top, the bottom and in part the side walls of the combustion chamber of the boiler, said sections also providing a plurality of flues communicating with the upper portion of the combustion chamber and leading laterally outwardly thence downwardly between the water containing spaces at the sides of said chamber, said sections also providing a pair of spaced apart horizontal flue passages extending Cil being shaped to induce the returned water while being heated to flow centrally inwardly thence upwardly between said horizontal flues against the bottom of said chamber thence laterally outwardly and upwardly past the sides of the 5 chamber.

CHARLES A. OLSON. JOHN P. MAGOS.

Images