US20170055525A1 - Prodiamine-coated fertilizer and method of manufacture - Google Patents
Prodiamine-coated fertilizer and method of manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170055525A1 US20170055525A1 US15/350,070 US201615350070A US2017055525A1 US 20170055525 A1 US20170055525 A1 US 20170055525A1 US 201615350070 A US201615350070 A US 201615350070A US 2017055525 A1 US2017055525 A1 US 2017055525A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- prodiamine
- concentrate
- granular
- weight percent
- turf
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- RSVPPPHXAASNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prodiamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(N)=C1[N+]([O-])=O RSVPPPHXAASNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 n-octyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012875 nonionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- PQKBPHSEKWERTG-LLVKDONJSA-N ethyl (2r)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2O1 PQKBPHSEKWERTG-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012874 anionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007931 coated granule Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000001602 Digitaria X umfolozi Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000017898 Digitaria ciliaris Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000005476 Digitaria cruciata Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000006830 Digitaria didactyla Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000005804 Digitaria eriantha ssp. eriantha Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000010823 Digitaria sanguinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 244000025670 Eleusine indica Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000014716 Eleusine indica Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- MPPOHAUSNPTFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OC1=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2O1 MPPOHAUSNPTFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002193 fatty amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- VHRUBWHAOUIMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyloctanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)C VHRUBWHAOUIMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005591 Pendimethalin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001148683 Zostera marina Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QKIUAMUSENSFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanide Chemical compound C[N-]C QKIUAMUSENSFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- DSKJXGYAJJHDOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylideneurea Chemical compound NC(=O)N=C DSKJXGYAJJHDOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- FHJRFIYKPIXQNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyloctanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)N(CC)CC FHJRFIYKPIXQNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pendimethalin Chemical compound CCC(CC)NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000208 phytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000885 phytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical group O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/76—1,3-Oxazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazoles
-
- C05G3/0041—
-
- C05G3/02—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a concentrate for manufacturing a prodiamine-coated carrier, for example a prodiamine-coated fertilizer granule, and use of the concentrate to manufacture said prodiamine-coated fertilizer granule.
- One aspect of the invention of this application relates to a method of manufacture of a granular fertilizer carrier containing prodiamine thereon by use of a solvent-based prodiamine concentrate sprayed directly on fertilizer granules, and the resulting product.
- Another aspect of this invention is a method of making the combination formulation, including use of a solvent-based prodiamine concentrate for the manufacture of a fertilizer and other granular prodiamine carriers.
- High-concentration prodiamine concentrates are useful for manufacturing such products, which are typically granular.
- the solvent-based prodiamine concentrate comprises, consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of 15% to 60%, more typically 20% to 45%, preferably 25% to 40% by weight of prodiamine, the remainder typically comprising solvents as described herein.
- the concentrate is preferably a solution, and most if not all of the solvents are preferably sufficiently volatile such that the solvents can be removed in the manufacturing process.
- prodiamine concentrate formulations are preferred.
- some formulations of a prodiamine granular product provide a low concentration granular product, and for this embodiment a solvent-based prodiamine concentrate less than 25% can be useful.
- a particularly good solvent for making the concentrate is n-methyl pyrrilidinone (NMP, or N-methyl pyrrolidone), which forms a maximum solubility of ⁇ 40% at room temperature.
- NMP N-methyl pyrrilidinone
- a heated concentrate and/or a mixture of solvents capable of dissolving or containing greater than 40% by weight prodiamine is useful in the method of making granular prodiamine products, including prodiamine on inert carriers and prodiamine coated onto fertilizer.
- Other particularly useful solvents for making high-concentration include other alkyl pyrrolidinones, for example n-octyl pyrrilidinone, and acetone.
- the granular prodiamine product is formed by applying the solvent-based prodiamine concentrate onto the grains, and then evaporating off the solvent.
- Prodiamine coated on the exterior of fertilizer, with optionally another inert coating thereon, are preferred. Fertilizers are often formulated for slow release, but it is advantageous to get the prodiamine into the soil rapidly, though it then can remain in the soil for most of the season. Coating prodiamine on the exterior of fertilizer ensures getting the prodiamine to the plants where it can become immediately active.
- the method of manufacture includes the steps of 1) providing a granular carrier, particularly a fertilizer granule adapted for use in turf or a lower density carrier such as paper fiber, corn cob, and the like; 2) wetting the granular carrier with the solvent-based prodiamine concentrate; 3) removing the solvent; and optionally 4) coating the granular product with an outer coating to improve flowability, hydroscopic properties, or to insulate the prodiamine from incidental contact with a person applying the combination prodiamine product to turf. If a different carrier, for example a low density carrier, is used, the treated carrier is admixed with granular fertilizer.
- the solvent-based prodiamine concentrate comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 15% to 60%, more typically 20% to 40% by weight prodiamine dissolved in one or more polar aprotic solvents.
- the concentrate comprises, consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of 25% to 42%, preferably 30% to 40%, for example between 34 and 39%, by weight prodiamine dissolved in one or more polar aprotic solvents, where N,M-pyrrolidinone (also typically called N-methypyrrolidone or NMP), other alkyl pyrrolidinones, acetone, or mixture thereof comprises at least 50% by weight of the polar aprotic solvents.
- N,M-pyrrolidinone also typically called N-methypyrrolidone or NMP
- NMP is advantageously used, preferably additionally maintaining the concentrate at a higher temperature.
- the maximum solubility of prodiamine in NMP is between 39% and 40% by weight.
- the concentrate can be made to not contain the maximum dissolvable.
- a concentrate comprising, consisting essentially of, or alternatively consisting of NMP and prodiamine may only contain 35 to 38% by weight prodiamine, to allow for stability in the event the concentrate is stored.
- Other solvents which may additionally be used comprise dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
- DMF dimethylformamide
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- Dimethylacetamide is expected to have good solvating properties and could be useful in controlled manufacturing conditions.
- Dimethylformamide is also expected to have good solvating properties but use is highly restricted, so, even though the concentrate is used in manufacturing, this solvent is not preferred.
- the concentrate may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of prodiamine, the aprotic solvent(s), and one or more of gamma-Butyrolactone or a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent.
- the concentrate may comprise prodiamine, the aprotic solvent(s), and a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent.
- One optional adjuvant is a surfactant that facilitates movement of the prodiamine to the soil or that facilitates uptake of prodiamine by targeted plants.
- exemplary surfactants are presented herein and are known in the art.
- the concentrate is sprayed, rolled with, or otherwise contacted with a carrier, the colvent-based concentrate advantageously wetting the carrier.
- the concentrate is sprayed onto the carrier, which is then dried.
- the carrier may be any agriculturally or horticulturally acceptable carrier. Examples would include but are not limited to ground corncobs, peanut hulls, limestone, clay, or granulated paper fiber. Ground corn husks, granulated paper fiber, or ground shell are often used if a light weight carrier is desired. However, for the granular preemergence herbicide it is desirable to get the herbicide product to the soil where the weeds are emerging. Coating the fertilizer onto a higher bulk density carrier is therefore preferred, and we have found granular fertilizer products are ideally suited to serve as a carrier for the prodiamine.
- the fertilizer product may be mineral-based or organic-based, often with inert granular components such as limestone, clay, ground corncobs or peanut hulls, granulated paper fiber, or other suitable carriers added to the fertilizer to improve its formulation characteristics.
- the carrier can be pellets comprising or consisting essentially of a fertilizer.
- Any fertilizer would be useful, but especially useful would be fertilizers adapted for use in turf, as is known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the fertilizer can be fast release or slow release, containing e.g., methylene urea or sulfur-coated urea, or a polymer-coated fertilizer.
- the concentrate may additionally comprise dissolved therein polymer which impart a slow dissolving or release characteristic to the carrier, especially the fertilizer.
- Simple coatings can include for example starch of any of the polymers known (typo) to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the coating can be present dissolved or suspended in the concentrate in amounts from 0.01% to 15% by weight of the concentrate.
- such material may be disposed in a layer between the carrier and the prodiamine, or in a layer deposited over the layer of prodiamine, or both.
- a carrier that has had the concentrate of the invention sprayed thereon can be further coated with coatings that impart slow release properties, anti-caking properties, and/or easy-flowing properties, as is known to those of ordinary skill (typo) in the art.
- This second coating may be more effective than coatings dissolved in the carrier to insulate people from incidental contact, for example by handling the fertilizer.
- Embodiments of the invention relate to use of a non-aqueous solvent-based concentrate formulation for improved herbicidal protection applied to a carrier, which consists essentially of
- Prodiamine is a selective herbicide having a formula N3,N3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine.
- Prodiamine is typically used as a pre-emergence herbicide for preferably season long control of grass and broadleaf weeds, including crabgrass.
- Prodiamine is typically used at application rates of between 0.25 and 1.5 lb ai/A (0.28-1.68 kg/ha), but typically it would be used at 0.5 to 1.0 lb ai/A (0.56-1.12 kg/ha).
- alkyl pyrrolidinones particularly N-methylpyrrolidinone (“NMP”)
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidinone
- Dimethylsulfoxide is useful, but has less than half the solubilizing ability as NMP.
- Use of DMSO in the absence of NPM will result in a practical limitation of less than 10% prodiamine in the EC.
- Other solubilizing solvents include fatty acid amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylcaprylamide (Cognis Agnique KE-3658) and N,N-dimethyloctanamide (Halcomid M8-10). These solvents are “green,” but use in the absence of NPM will result in a practical limitation of less than about 10% prodiamine.
- the invention also relates to the use of such a solvent-based high prodiamine concentrate composition as an intermediate in manufacture of granular herbicide.
- Polar organic solvents such as N-methypyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) have been used to impart good solubility properties prodiamine.
- NMP N-methypyrrolidone
- DMF dimethylformamide
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- gamma-Butyrolactone also also shows solvating capacity near that of DMSO and the fatty amide solvents.
- Dimethylacetamide is expected to have good solvating properties but was not tested.
- Acetone can be useful because while it's flash point is low, giving a safety concern, this solvent is readily evaporated from the carrier.
- Dimethylformamide is also expected to have good solvating properties but use is highly restricted.
- a concentrate utilizing one or more fatty amide solvents e.g. an optionally alkylated C8 to C18 fatty amide, gamma-Butyrolactone, DMSO, or combination can provide a formulated concentrate with an acceptable amount of prodiamine, say 5% to 15%.
- NMP CAS 872-50-4
- An alternative concentrate formulation for use in manufacturing a granular herbicide is a concentrate which does not contain alkyl pyrrilodinones, for example an concentrate which consists essentially of
- the term “consists essentially of” means there are no other herbicidal active ingredients in the concentrate.
- Fenoxaprop p-ethyl (we often refer to the herbicide as “fenoxaprop”) is a postemergence graminicide used on cool-season turfgrasses to control crabgrass and other annual grass weeds. It is known to mix fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with prodiamine, providing quick anti-crabgrass effect of fenoxyprop-p-ethyl with long term preemegence effect of prodiamine. Fenoxaprop is best provided to the foliage, so if prodiamine and fenoxyprop are both coating the granule, advantageously the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl is released from the granule immediately on application off sufficient water.
- fenoxaprop-p-ethyl can replace some of the prodiamine, for example an amount of fenoxaprop wherein the weight ratio of prodiamine to fenoxyprop is in the range of 3:1 to about 8:1, more preferably about 4:1 to about 6:1, for example about 5:1.
- fenoxyprop can be added to a low density carrier and admixed into the fertilizer, as fenoxyprop has foliar activity.
- the material is primarily intended as a once-per-season treatment of turf to control crabgrass.
- the weight ratio of prodiamine to fenoxyprop is in the range of 3:1 to about 8:1, more preferably about 4:1 to about 6:1, for example about 5:1.
- the application timing and conditions of applying these herbicides are known in the art, and best efficacy of fenoxaprop is obtained by early application (before three tiller stage) and to well watered turf. Too much prodiamine, or too late an application of the herbicide, and the preemergent herbicide may interfere with fall over-seeding programs.
- composition can contain the acid form of the component, one or more salts of the component, or any mixture thereof.
- the aprotic solvent is preferably a pyrrolidone such as NMP, though one or more of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, and gamma-Butyrolactone alone or in mixtures, including mixtures with NMP, are useful.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- gamma-Butyrolactone alone or in mixtures, including mixtures with NMP, are useful.
- Various useful and incidental solvents are shown below, with the measured solubility of each of the active ingredients. The units for solubility below are grams of active ingredient per gram of respective solvent. All measurements were based on physical clarity and were performed at 22 degrees C.
- Fatty amides also called “fatty acid solvents” in this application, are amides formed from a fatty acid and an amine, of which many are known.
- These compounds can fully or partially replace aprotic solvents, and the solvating capacity approaches that of less-preferred aprotic solvents such as DMSO and gamma-Butyrolactone, that is, 0.24 to 0.25 grams prodiamine per gram solvent.
- a mixture of C8 and C10 fatty acid dimethylamide, (CAS 1118-92-9 and 14433-76-2) are useful.
- the alkyl-alkoxylate-based emulsifier is typically an alkyl-based EO/PO-containing block copolymer emulsifier, for example an Ethylene oxide/Propylene oxide alkyl (e.g., butyl) block copolymer. It is possible to use suitable co-polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, such as ABA or BAB block copolymer or BA block copolymers.
- the alkyl group can range from C3 to C7, for example.
- a preferred group of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers for use in the compositions of this invention are butyl based poly(oxypropylene)poly(oxyethylene) block copolymers having an average molecular weight in a range of 2,400 to 3,500 (e.g. TOXIMULTM 8320, Stepan Chemical Co.) Also useful is HarcrosTM TDA-12.
- the hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier can be an ethoxylated alcohol.
- a C9 to C18 alcohol can be used, with for example 8 to 20 EO units, for example a tridecyl alcohol hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier.
- Examples include MakonTM TD-12, a tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, POE-12 available from Stepan, or Harcros TDA-12.
- an anionic emulsifier can provide added emulsion stability, and alkyl sulfonates are useful for this purpose, for example a fatty acid benzene sulfonate, particularly calcium salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
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Abstract
An herbicidal concentrate composition that contains Prodiamine herbicide for application to a granular carrier such as a fertilizer granule, or a granule to be mixed with granular fertilizer.
Description
- This application claims priority as a CIP to Provisional application 61/808170 filed Apr. 3, 2013, and also as a CIP to application Ser. No. 13/726061, titled Herbicidal Compositions and Methods of Use Thereof filed on Dec. 22, 2012, which application claims priority as a CIP to Provisional application No. 61/579662 filed Dec. 23, 2011, titled Herbicidal Compositions and Methods of Use Thereof, each or the above mentioned documents of which are incorporated by reference herein for all allowable purposes.
- The invention relates to a concentrate for manufacturing a prodiamine-coated carrier, for example a prodiamine-coated fertilizer granule, and use of the concentrate to manufacture said prodiamine-coated fertilizer granule.
- The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
- It is generally known to use certain selective herbicides with fertilizers. The combination is so useful that there are a number of products that combine selective herbicides with fertilizers, including for example Scott's Step 1 Crabgrass Preventer Plus Fertilizer which contains about 1.22% pendimethalin. For solid herbicides, this selective herbicide is either included in the fertilizer as a separate granular material admixed with the fertilizer or even as very small particulates of herbicide coating fertilizer granules, where said particulates are adhered to the fertilizer using a “white oil,” that is, an inert sticky oil. Said product has several drawbacks, including the need to mill solid herbicide to less than 10 microns, often as little as 1 micron, and the propensity of a small amount of the herbicide to wipe off and adhere to hands, clothes, or fertilizer spreaders.
- What is needed is an alternative herbicide for combination with fertilizer for use on turf. Further, what is needed is a manufacturing process to prepare single applications of the selective herbicide/fertilizer mixture that addresses the issues of small herbicide particles disposed on larger granules.
- One aspect of the invention of this application relates to a method of manufacture of a granular fertilizer carrier containing prodiamine thereon by use of a solvent-based prodiamine concentrate sprayed directly on fertilizer granules, and the resulting product. Another aspect of this invention is a method of making the combination formulation, including use of a solvent-based prodiamine concentrate for the manufacture of a fertilizer and other granular prodiamine carriers.
- High-concentration prodiamine concentrates are useful for manufacturing such products, which are typically granular. The solvent-based prodiamine concentrate comprises, consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of 15% to 60%, more typically 20% to 45%, preferably 25% to 40% by weight of prodiamine, the remainder typically comprising solvents as described herein. The concentrate is preferably a solution, and most if not all of the solvents are preferably sufficiently volatile such that the solvents can be removed in the manufacturing process.
- Generally, higher prodiamine concentrate formulations are preferred. In some instances, some formulations of a prodiamine granular product provide a low concentration granular product, and for this embodiment a solvent-based prodiamine concentrate less than 25% can be useful.
- A particularly good solvent for making the concentrate is n-methyl pyrrilidinone (NMP, or N-methyl pyrrolidone), which forms a maximum solubility of ≈40% at room temperature. Because the preferred granular products made by the methods of this invention do not themselves comprise the solvent, other solvents can be utilized, and a heated concentrate and/or a mixture of solvents capable of dissolving or containing greater than 40% by weight prodiamine is useful in the method of making granular prodiamine products, including prodiamine on inert carriers and prodiamine coated onto fertilizer. Other particularly useful solvents for making high-concentration (e.g., greater than 30% by weight prodiamine) include other alkyl pyrrolidinones, for example n-octyl pyrrilidinone, and acetone.
- The granular prodiamine product is formed by applying the solvent-based prodiamine concentrate onto the grains, and then evaporating off the solvent. Prodiamine coated on the exterior of fertilizer, with optionally another inert coating thereon, are preferred. Fertilizers are often formulated for slow release, but it is advantageous to get the prodiamine into the soil rapidly, though it then can remain in the soil for most of the season. Coating prodiamine on the exterior of fertilizer ensures getting the prodiamine to the plants where it can become immediately active.
- The method of manufacture includes the steps of 1) providing a granular carrier, particularly a fertilizer granule adapted for use in turf or a lower density carrier such as paper fiber, corn cob, and the like; 2) wetting the granular carrier with the solvent-based prodiamine concentrate; 3) removing the solvent; and optionally 4) coating the granular product with an outer coating to improve flowability, hydroscopic properties, or to insulate the prodiamine from incidental contact with a person applying the combination prodiamine product to turf. If a different carrier, for example a low density carrier, is used, the treated carrier is admixed with granular fertilizer.
- The solvent-based prodiamine concentrate comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 15% to 60%, more typically 20% to 40% by weight prodiamine dissolved in one or more polar aprotic solvents. In a preferred mode the concentrate comprises, consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of 25% to 42%, preferably 30% to 40%, for example between 34 and 39%, by weight prodiamine dissolved in one or more polar aprotic solvents, where N,M-pyrrolidinone (also typically called N-methypyrrolidone or NMP), other alkyl pyrrolidinones, acetone, or mixture thereof comprises at least 50% by weight of the polar aprotic solvents.
- To get to highest concentrations, NMP is advantageously used, preferably additionally maintaining the concentrate at a higher temperature. At room temperature the maximum solubility of prodiamine in NMP is between 39% and 40% by weight. For manufacturing contingencies, the concentrate can be made to not contain the maximum dissolvable. For example, a concentrate comprising, consisting essentially of, or alternatively consisting of NMP and prodiamine may only contain 35 to 38% by weight prodiamine, to allow for stability in the event the concentrate is stored. Other solvents which may additionally be used comprise dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Dimethylacetamide is expected to have good solvating properties and could be useful in controlled manufacturing conditions. Dimethylformamide is also expected to have good solvating properties but use is highly restricted, so, even though the concentrate is used in manufacturing, this solvent is not preferred.
- In alternative embodiments the concentrate may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of prodiamine, the aprotic solvent(s), and one or more of gamma-Butyrolactone or a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent. In another embodiment the concentrate may comprise prodiamine, the aprotic solvent(s), and a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent.
- One optional adjuvant is a surfactant that facilitates movement of the prodiamine to the soil or that facilitates uptake of prodiamine by targeted plants. Exemplary surfactants are presented herein and are known in the art.
- The concentrate is sprayed, rolled with, or otherwise contacted with a carrier, the colvent-based concentrate advantageously wetting the carrier. In some embodiments, the concentrate is sprayed onto the carrier, which is then dried.
- The carrier may be any agriculturally or horticulturally acceptable carrier. Examples would include but are not limited to ground corncobs, peanut hulls, limestone, clay, or granulated paper fiber. Ground corn husks, granulated paper fiber, or ground shell are often used if a light weight carrier is desired. However, for the granular preemergence herbicide it is desirable to get the herbicide product to the soil where the weeds are emerging. Coating the fertilizer onto a higher bulk density carrier is therefore preferred, and we have found granular fertilizer products are ideally suited to serve as a carrier for the prodiamine. The fertilizer product may be mineral-based or organic-based, often with inert granular components such as limestone, clay, ground corncobs or peanut hulls, granulated paper fiber, or other suitable carriers added to the fertilizer to improve its formulation characteristics.
- In one preferred embodiment, the carrier can be pellets comprising or consisting essentially of a fertilizer. Any fertilizer would be useful, but especially useful would be fertilizers adapted for use in turf, as is known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The fertilizer can be fast release or slow release, containing e.g., methylene urea or sulfur-coated urea, or a polymer-coated fertilizer.
- The concentrate may additionally comprise dissolved therein polymer which impart a slow dissolving or release characteristic to the carrier, especially the fertilizer. Simple coatings can include for example starch of any of the polymers known (typo) to those of ordinary skill in the art. The coating can be present dissolved or suspended in the concentrate in amounts from 0.01% to 15% by weight of the concentrate. In an alternative embodiment, such material may be disposed in a layer between the carrier and the prodiamine, or in a layer deposited over the layer of prodiamine, or both.
- A carrier that has had the concentrate of the invention sprayed thereon can be further coated with coatings that impart slow release properties, anti-caking properties, and/or easy-flowing properties, as is known to those of ordinary skill (typo) in the art. This second coating may be more effective than coatings dissolved in the carrier to insulate people from incidental contact, for example by handling the fertilizer.
- Embodiments of the invention relate to use of a non-aqueous solvent-based concentrate formulation for improved herbicidal protection applied to a carrier, which consists essentially of
-
- (a) 10 weight percent to 40 weight percent of Prodiamine active herbicidal ingredient;
- (b) optionally 1 weight percent to 60 weight percent of a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent;
- (c) 5 weight percent to 60 weight percent of a polar aprotic organic solvent, for example wherein the polar aprotic organic solvent consists of, consists essentially of, or comprises N,M-pyrrolidinone; and
- (d) optionally 1 weight percent to 12 weight percent of a surfactant, for example an alkyl-alkoxylate-based emulsifier, typically a alkyl-based EO-containing block copolymer emulsifier, for example an Ethylene oxide/Propylene oxide alkyl (e.g., butyl) block copolymer, a hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier, typically a ethoxylated fatty alcohol, for example a tridecyl alcohol hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier; and/or fatty acid benzene solfonate, particularly calcium salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
- Prodiamine is a selective herbicide having a formula N3,N3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine. Prodiamine is typically used as a pre-emergence herbicide for preferably season long control of grass and broadleaf weeds, including crabgrass. Prodiamine is typically used at application rates of between 0.25 and 1.5 lb ai/A (0.28-1.68 kg/ha), but typically it would be used at 0.5 to 1.0 lb ai/A (0.56-1.12 kg/ha).
- We found alkyl pyrrolidinones, particularly N-methylpyrrolidinone (“NMP”), to be particularly useful to formulate a high-concentration prodiamine EC, that is, greater than 10% by weight active ingredient. Dimethylsulfoxide is useful, but has less than half the solubilizing ability as NMP. Use of DMSO in the absence of NPM will result in a practical limitation of less than 10% prodiamine in the EC. Other solubilizing solvents include fatty acid amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylcaprylamide (Cognis Agnique KE-3658) and N,N-dimethyloctanamide (Halcomid M8-10). These solvents are “green,” but use in the absence of NPM will result in a practical limitation of less than about 10% prodiamine.
- The invention also relates to the use of such a solvent-based high prodiamine concentrate composition as an intermediate in manufacture of granular herbicide. Polar organic solvents such as N-methypyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) have been used to impart good solubility properties prodiamine. Surprisingly, gamma-Butyrolactone also also shows solvating capacity near that of DMSO and the fatty amide solvents. Dimethylacetamide is expected to have good solvating properties but was not tested. Acetone can be useful because while it's flash point is low, giving a safety concern, this solvent is readily evaporated from the carrier. Dimethylformamide is also expected to have good solvating properties but use is highly restricted.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to produce and utilize a stable, low phytotoxic concentrate formulation of prodiamine. We believe a concentrate utilizing one or more fatty amide solvents, e.g. an optionally alkylated C8 to C18 fatty amide, gamma-Butyrolactone, DMSO, or combination can provide a formulated concentrate with an acceptable amount of prodiamine, say 5% to 15%. NMP (CAS 872-50-4) provides superior solvating capacity, more than twice other solvents tested.
- Embodiments of the invention relate to a concentrate formulation for improved herbicidal protection which consists essentially of
-
- (a) 10 weight percent to 30 weight percent of Prodiamine active herbicidal ingredient
- (b) 30 weight percent to 60 weight percent of a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent
- (c) 10 weight percent to 30 weight percent of a polar aprotic organic solvent
- (d) optionally 5 weight percent to 8 weight percent of an alkyl based block copolymer emulsifier;
- (e) optionally 2 weight percent to 5 weight percent of an trialkyl alcohol hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier; and
- (f) optionally, up to 2 weight percent of an anionic emulsifier, and to the use of such an concentrate composition to form granular herbicide/fertilizer combinations.
- An alternative concentrate formulation for use in manufacturing a granular herbicide is a concentrate which does not contain alkyl pyrrilodinones, for example an concentrate which consists essentially of
-
- (a) 10 weight percent to 40 weight percent of Prodiamine active herbicidal ingredient;
- (b) 30 weight percent to 60 weight percent of acetone;
- (c) 10 weight percent to 30 weight percent of a polar aprotic organic solvent selected from DMSO and gamma-Butyrolactone;
- (d) optionally 2 weight percent to 8 weight percent of an alkyl based block copolymer emulsifier;
- (e) optionally 2 weight percent to 8 weight percent of a trialkyl alcohol hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier; and
- (f) optionally, up to 2 weight percent of an anionic emulsifier.
- A preferred embodiment of the invention is a non-aqueous concentrate formulation for improved herbicidal protection which consists essentially of
-
- (a) 15 weight percent to 40 weight percent, preferably 20 to 30 weight percent, of Prodiamine active herbicidal ingredient;
- (b) 20 weight percent to about 60, for example 25 to 45, weight percent of N,M-pyrrolidinone;
- (c) optionally 1 weight percent to 50, for example 5 to 30 weight percent, of a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent;
- (d) optionally 2 weight percent to 6 weight percent of an alkyl based block copolymer emulsifier;
- (e) optionally 1 weight percent to 5 weight percent of an trialkyl alcohol hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier;
- (f) optionally 0.1 to 2 weight percent of an anionic emulsifier such as a alkyl sulfonate or alkyl aryl sulfonate.
- A preferred embodiment of the invention is use of a non-aqueous concentrate formulation for improved herbicidal protection which consists essentially of
-
- (a) 15 weight percent to 40 weight percent of Prodiamine active herbicidal ingredient;
- (b) 25 to about 60 weight percent of N,M-pyrrolidinone;
- (c) optionally 40 to 50 weight percent, of a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent.
This embodiment shows excellent stability.
- Generally, the term “consists essentially of” means there are no other herbicidal active ingredients in the concentrate.
- Fenoxaprop p-ethyl (we often refer to the herbicide as “fenoxaprop”) is a postemergence graminicide used on cool-season turfgrasses to control crabgrass and other annual grass weeds. It is known to mix fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with prodiamine, providing quick anti-crabgrass effect of fenoxyprop-p-ethyl with long term preemegence effect of prodiamine. Fenoxaprop is best provided to the foliage, so if prodiamine and fenoxyprop are both coating the granule, advantageously the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl is released from the granule immediately on application off sufficient water. In the above formulations, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl can replace some of the prodiamine, for example an amount of fenoxaprop wherein the weight ratio of prodiamine to fenoxyprop is in the range of 3:1 to about 8:1, more preferably about 4:1 to about 6:1, for example about 5:1. Alternatively fenoxyprop can be added to a low density carrier and admixed into the fertilizer, as fenoxyprop has foliar activity.
- An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to application onto a carrier of a non-aqueous concentrate formulation for improved herbicidal protection which consists essentially of
-
- (a) 10 weight percent to 33 weight percent, preferably 12 weight percent to 30 weight percent, more preferably between 15 weight percent to 25 weight percent weight percent of Prodiamine (99.4% active) herbicidal ingredient;
- (b) 2 weight percent to 10 weight percent, preferably 3 weight percent to 8 weight percent, more preferably between 3 weight percent to 6 weight percent weight percent of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (98.5% active, “fenoxyprop”) herbicidal ingredient;
- (c) 20 weight percent to 70 weight percent of a solvent selected from fatty acid dialkylamide solvents, gamma-butyrolactone, polar aprotic solvents, or mixtures thereof;
- (d) and optionally 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of surfactants, starches, and the like.
- The material is primarily intended as a once-per-season treatment of turf to control crabgrass. Generally, the weight ratio of prodiamine to fenoxyprop is in the range of 3:1 to about 8:1, more preferably about 4:1 to about 6:1, for example about 5:1. There must be sufficient fenoxyprop to effect a kill on existing crabgrass. The application timing and conditions of applying these herbicides are known in the art, and best efficacy of fenoxaprop is obtained by early application (before three tiller stage) and to well watered turf. Too much prodiamine, or too late an application of the herbicide, and the preemergent herbicide may interfere with fall over-seeding programs.
- All percentages and the term “w/w” used herein unless specifically stated are percent by weight, and all component amounts recited as “parts” are parts by weight and are usually on a basis of parts per part of the active ingredient. The term “ppm” is parts per million by weight. When salts of components are mentioned, unless otherwise specifically stated, the composition can contain the acid form of the component, one or more salts of the component, or any mixture thereof.
- The aprotic solvent is preferably a pyrrolidone such as NMP, though one or more of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, and gamma-Butyrolactone alone or in mixtures, including mixtures with NMP, are useful. Various useful and incidental solvents are shown below, with the measured solubility of each of the active ingredients. The units for solubility below are grams of active ingredient per gram of respective solvent. All measurements were based on physical clarity and were performed at 22 degrees C.
-
Fenoxaprop- Solvent Prodiamine p-ethyl N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP) 0.68 1.04 Dimethylsulfoxide (“DMSO”) 0.24 0.72 Aromatic 150 (Aromatic Naphtha Hydrocarbon) 0.08 0.36 Aromatic 200 (Aromatic Naphtha Hydrocarbon) 0.07 0.24 Glycol Ether EB (Diethylene glycol 0.02 0.12 monubutyl ether) Carbitol TM (Diethylene glycom 0.01 0.12 monomethyl ether) Jefsol 1555 Proprietary Solvent (Carbonate) 0.004 <0.12 Glycol DPM (Dipropylene glycol methyl ether) 0.008 <0.12 Halcomid M8-10 (fatty acid 0.24 0.36 dialkylamide solvent) Exxol D110 (Paraffin Hydrocarbon) <0.02 <0.04 Agnique KE-3658 (fatty acid 0.24 0.36 dialkylamide solvent) BLO (Gamma-Butyrolactone) 0.25 0.58 DEGEE (Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) 0.05 0.08 - It can be seen that each polar aprotic solvent, NMP and DMSO, provide reasonable solubility, though NMP is far and away the superior solvent.
- Fatty amides, also called “fatty acid solvents” in this application, are amides formed from a fatty acid and an amine, of which many are known. Preferred are di-substituted fatty acid amides, which include as non-limiting examples N,N-dimethylcaprylamide (available from Cognis as Agnique™ KE-3658), and N,N-diethyloctanamide (available as Halcomid™ M8-10). These compounds can fully or partially replace aprotic solvents, and the solvating capacity approaches that of less-preferred aprotic solvents such as DMSO and gamma-Butyrolactone, that is, 0.24 to 0.25 grams prodiamine per gram solvent. A mixture of C8 and C10 fatty acid dimethylamide, (CAS 1118-92-9 and 14433-76-2) are useful.
- The alkyl-alkoxylate-based emulsifier is typically an alkyl-based EO/PO-containing block copolymer emulsifier, for example an Ethylene oxide/Propylene oxide alkyl (e.g., butyl) block copolymer. It is possible to use suitable co-polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, such as ABA or BAB block copolymer or BA block copolymers. The alkyl group can range from C3 to C7, for example. A preferred group of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers for use in the compositions of this invention are butyl based poly(oxypropylene)poly(oxyethylene) block copolymers having an average molecular weight in a range of 2,400 to 3,500 (e.g. TOXIMUL™ 8320, Stepan Chemical Co.) Also useful is Harcros™ TDA-12.
- The hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier can be an ethoxylated alcohol. A C9 to C18 alcohol can be used, with for example 8 to 20 EO units, for example a tridecyl alcohol hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier. Examples include Makon™ TD-12, a tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, POE-12 available from Stepan, or Harcros TDA-12.
- Generally an anionic emulsifier can provide added emulsion stability, and alkyl sulfonates are useful for this purpose, for example a fatty acid benzene sulfonate, particularly calcium salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
Claims (16)
1-12. (canceled)
13. A method of manufacture of a granular product coated with prodiamine, comprising
a) providing a granular carrier,
b) coating said carrier with a concentrate solution comprising between 15% and 60% by weight prodiamine and an aprotic solvent, and
c) removing solvent to provide prodiamine-coated granules, wherein said granular prodiamine-coated granular product adapted for use in turf and is effective for weed control in turf and other non-agricultural sites.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the aprotic solvent comprises n-octyl pyrrilidinone.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the aprotic solvent comprises N,M-pyrrolidinone.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein the aprotic solvent comprises acetone.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the concentrate solution further comprises a fatty acid dialkylamide solvent.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the concentrate solution further comprises gamma-Butyrolactone
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the carrier comprises granular fertilizer.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the concentrate further comprises one or more of an alkyl-alkoxylate-based emulsifier, a hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier, a fatty acid benzene sulfonate.
21. The method of claim 13 , wherein the concentrate further comprises an anionic emulsifier.
22. The method of claim 13 further comprising coating the granular product with an outer coating to improve flowability, hydroscopic properties, or to insulate the prodimine from incidental contact with a person applying the combination prodiamine product to turf.
23. The method of claim 13 , wherein the concentrate further comprises fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, wherein the weight ratio of prodiamine to fenoxyprop is between 3:1 to 8:1.
24. The method of claim 13 further comprising coating the granular product with an outer coating to improve flowability, hydroscopic properties, or to insulate the prodimine from incidental contact with a person applying the combination prodiamine product to turf.
25. The method of claim 13 , comprising coating the granular product with an outer coating.
26. A method of weed control comprising applying the granular product coated with prodiamine of claim 13 to turf.
27. A method of weed control comprising applying the granular product coated with prodiamine of claim 23 to turf.
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US15/350,070 US20170055525A1 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2016-11-13 | Prodiamine-coated fertilizer and method of manufacture |
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US9521843B2 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2016-12-20 | Lawrence A Miller | Prodiamine-coated fertilizer and method of manufacture |
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JP3389650B2 (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 2003-03-24 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | Pesticide-containing granular fertilizer |
JP3401622B2 (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 2003-04-28 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | Granulated fertilizer containing prodiamine |
US7850758B2 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2010-12-14 | The Andersons, Inc. | Safened insecticide matter |
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US20100113272A1 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2010-05-06 | Syngenta Corp Protection, Inc. | Herbicidal composition and method of use thereof |
US20100279865A1 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2010-11-04 | Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. | Herbicidal composition and method of use thereof |
US9521843B2 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2016-12-20 | Lawrence A Miller | Prodiamine-coated fertilizer and method of manufacture |
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US20140213457A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
US9521843B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
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