US20160305244A1 - System and method for extraction of smoke from road tunnels - Google Patents
System and method for extraction of smoke from road tunnels Download PDFInfo
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- US20160305244A1 US20160305244A1 US15/102,190 US201415102190A US2016305244A1 US 20160305244 A1 US20160305244 A1 US 20160305244A1 US 201415102190 A US201415102190 A US 201415102190A US 2016305244 A1 US2016305244 A1 US 2016305244A1
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- smoke
- duct
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- tunnel
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a module, a system and a method for extraction of smoke from tunnels, in particular smoke developing inside long road tunnels due to motoring accidents.
- a tunnel shall be interpreted as comprising any cavities where a fire outbreak is considered to represent a danger for life and health for living objects and/or considered to represent a risk of causing serious material damages. Examples are road tunnels, train tunnels, mines, etc.
- the duct remains suspended to the tunnel wall or tunnel ceiling after detachment.
- the detachment mechanism comprises an activator such as a relay configured to receive signals from a smoke detector situated inside the tunnel and configured to actuate the detachment of the duct by for example the activation of one or more coils.
- an activator such as a relay configured to receive signals from a smoke detector situated inside the tunnel and configured to actuate the detachment of the duct by for example the activation of one or more coils.
- the detachment mechanism further comprises a smoke detector for detection of smoke inside the tunnel.
- the smoke detector is a remote smoke detector transmitting signals to the receiver.
- the detachment mechanism further comprises fastening means such as a locking bolt, while the module also comprises one or more retaining means.
- the suspension means and the retaining means may advantageously be releasably interconnected by the fastening means.
- the suspension means and the retaining means may be pivotably interconnected, for example by the use of a hinge.
- the detachment mechanism comprising an activator configured to receive signals from a smoke detector situated inside the tunnel as well as one or more elongated objects such as a rod, a wire, a cable or similar, extending between the fastening means and the activator.
- the suspension means comprises one or more first hangers while the retaining means comprises one or more second hangers, wherein the first and second hangers are attached to the tunnel wall or ceiling during use.
- the second hanger may be attached to the module such that the duct remains suspended in the tunnel wall or ceiling after detachment. The attachment may be directly on the duct itself or on the retaining means
- the invention also concerns a smoke extraction system for extracting smoke from tunnels.
- the system comprises a plurality of smoke extraction modules in accordance with the features disclosed above which are mutually arranged in an end-to-end fashion to form a channel extending along the tunnel during use.
- the system also comprises an evacuation system arranged at one or both longitudinal ends of the channel for extraction of smoke.
- the displacement of the duct within the system causes a longitudinal misalignment relative to adjacent ducts.
- the invention also concerns a method for displacing a smoke extraction module arranged within a smoke extraction system comprising a plurality of modules arranged in an end-to-end fashion to form a channel extending along the tunnel, where each module comprises a duct for transportation of smoke and a suspension means suspending the duct from the tunnel wall.
- the method comprises the following steps:
- the method also comprises the step of transmitting signals from the smoke detector to an activator between step a) and step b), where said activator is configured to actuate the displacement mechanism.
- All method steps may advantageously be controlled by the use of a common control unit.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tunnel situated smoke extraction system in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 is a more detailed view of the smoke extraction system of FIG. 1 where a fire situation has occurred beneath a smoke extraction module in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 3 is a view of the smoke extraction system of FIG. 2 after successful detachment from adjacent modules
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the smoke extraction system of FIG. 1 after successful detachment of the module from the adjacent modules,
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a smoke extraction module in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, prior to detachment,
- FIGS. 6( a ) and ( b ) are detailed views of a detachment mechanism arranged on a smoke extraction module in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, wherein FIG. 6( a ) and FIG. 6( b ) shows the detachment mechanism before and immediately after detachment, respectively,
- FIG. 7 is a view of the smoke extraction module of FIG. 4 after completion of a successful detachment
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a smoke extraction system in accordance with the invention, including a smoke extraction unit arranged at each longitudinal end of assembly of modules,
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a smoke extraction module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, prior to detachment
- FIG. 10 is a view of the smoke extraction module of FIG. 9 showing the opposite radial side of the module
- FIG. 11 is a detailed view of a part of a detachment mechanism arranged on a smoke extraction module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, prior to detachment,
- FIGS. 12( a ) and ( b ) are detailed views of another part of a detachment mechanism arranged on a smoke extraction module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, wherein FIGS. 12( a ) and ( b ) shows the interior components with and without a detachment activating coil, respectively,
- FIG. 13 is a detailed view of the detachment mechanism arranged on a smoke extraction module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, immediately after detachment and
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the smoke extraction module of FIG. 9 after completion of a successful detachment.
- FIG. 1 shows the inventive smoke extraction system 20 arranged within a road tunnel prior to implementation of any smoke extraction procedure.
- An extraction unit 21 in form of a vacuum pump is arranged at a longitudinal side of a smoke guiding channel, which channel is composed of a plurality of smoke extraction modules 1 , 1 ′ with ducts 2 , 2 ′ arranged in an end-to-end fashion along the entire road tunnel.
- the pumping capacity of the vacuum pump 21 should be equal or higher than the pumping capacity required to extract smoke from anywhere in the road tunnel to either or both channel ends during at least one fire outbreak.
- the minimum required pumping capacity will of course vary depending on parameters such as length of road tunnel, mean diameter of smoke guiding channel, number of modules 1 within the channel, etc.
- FIG. 2 A more detailed view of the smoke extraction system 20 is seen in FIG. 2 , where a single fire outbreak has started in a van located immediately beneath a particular module 1 , hereinafter defined as the fire module 1 .
- ducts 2 ′ belonging to adjacent modules 1 ′ are in normal operation arranged in gas flowing connection with the duct 2 of the fire module 1 , that is on each of its longitudinal sides.
- a plurality of smoke detectors 9 are arranged at specific locations within the tunnel, preferably in regular intervals along the entire tunnel length.
- the smoke detectors 9 are fixed onto the tunnel wall 4 , i.e. remote from the ducts 2 , 2 ′. However, they may alternatively (or additionally) be fastened to the channel itself.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show similar views of the smoke extraction system 20 as in FIGS. 1 and 2 , respectively, where the fire module 1 have been detached from the remaining part of the smoke guiding channel, thereby creating two open channels which extends from the end of the adjacent modules 1 ′ situated closest to the position of the fire outbreak to the corresponding vacuum pump 21 , 21 ′.
- the double arrows 30 indicate the direction of the smoke 6 during pumping.
- FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of the inventive module 1 where a stable suspension of the module 1 is ensured by the attachment of two hangers 14 , each being at one end fixed to the tunnel roof/wall 4 and the other end to duct enclosing locking collars 10 , 11 arranged near the longitudinal ends of the duct 2 .
- each locking collar 10 , 11 comprises an upper collar 10 , a lower collar 11 and a detachment mechanism 5 (indicated within a dotted square in FIG. 5 ), where the detachment mechanism provides releasable connection between at least one of the two facing end pairs belonging to the upper and lower collars 10 , 11 during normal/suspended position.
- the detachment mechanism 5 comprises an activation device 7 arranged inside a cover 28 at the upper collar 10 and a bolt 8 (or any other releasable fastening means) interconnecting the two collars 10 , 11 at their ends.
- the facing ends of the upper and lower collars 10 , 11 includes radial protrusions 18 , 18 ′ with holes 32 , 33 , where at least the upper hole 32 belonging to the upper protrusion 18 has an inner diameter being larger than the outer diameter of the bolts head 8 ′′.
- the stem 8 ′ of the bolt 8 is fixed to the lower protrusion 18 ′ by known means (threads, nuts, etc).
- FIG. 6( b ) illustrates the situation when the locking relay 34 has been activated by the application of a specific voltage (or any other activation requirements for the specific locking relay).
- FIG. 7 shows the equilibrium position after a completed detachment of in total four detachment mechanisms 5 , i.e.
- two hangers 14 , 15 per longitudinal duct end are used, the first and second hanger 14 , 15 being fixed to the upper and lower collar 10 , 11 , respectively.
- FIG. 8 shows an illustration of the smoke extraction system 20 comprising
- any module 1 may be detached from the adjacent modules 1 ′.
- the smoke detectors 9 labeled ii and iv detect smoke 6 indicating one or more fire outbreaks
- signals will be sent initiating the activation of the one or more detachment mechanisms 5 connected to the modules 2 ′ situated immediately above the activated smoke detector(s) 9 .
- the ducts directly connected to the vacuum pumps 21 , 21 ′ and the central module 2 will remain in their original positions.
- the number of modules in a road tunnel will be significantly larger.
- FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of the inventive smoke extraction module 1 , 1 ′ prior to detachment.
- a stable suspension of the module 1 is ensured by the attachment of two hangers 14 being at one end fixed to the tunnel roof/wall 4 and the other end to enclosing locking collars 10 , 11 arranged near the longitudinal ends of the duct 2 .
- Each locking collar 10 , 11 further comprises an upper collar 10 , a lower collar 11 and a bolt 8 (or any other releasable fastening means) interconnecting the two collars 10 , 11 at their ends.
- the facing ends of the upper and lower collars 10 , 11 includes upper and lower radial protrusions 18 , 18 ′ with holes 32 , 33 , where both holes 32 , 33 have an inner diameter being larger than the outer diameter of the stem 8 ′ of the bolt 8 but smaller than the outer diameter of the bolt head 8 ′′.
- the lower part of the stem 8 ′ displays a radial hole.
- FIG. 10 An identical arrangement may be made at the opposite radial side of the duct 2 .
- the upper and lower collars 10 , 11 are at this side interconnected by pivotable hinges 16 .
- the activation of the detachment procedure is achieved by a common activation mechanism 7 situated at a distance from the bolts 8 .
- a cable or rod 12 extends from each of the cotter pins 17 to the activation mechanism 7 , as detailed in FIG. 11 .
- FIGS. 12( a ) and ( b ) show the innards of the activation mechanism 7 , where the ends of the cables/rods 12 are connected to a common voltage controlled coil 24 ( FIG.
- FIG. 12( b ) shows the activation mechanism 7 with the coil 24 removed.
- a relay 13 is seen arranged beneath the coil 24 which is electrically connected to the coil 24 and a smoke detector 9 , the latter via electrical wires 23 .
- FIG. 14 shows the equilibrium position after a completed detachment of in total two detachment mechanisms 5 , i.e. one detachment mechanism 5 for one of two end pairs of the upper and lower collars 10 , 11 . Also in this embodiment two hangers 14 , 15 per longitudinal duct end are used, the first and second hanger 14 , 15 being fixed to the upper and lower collar 10 , 11 , respectively.
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a smoke extraction module (1), a smoke extraction system (20) and a method for using such a system which enables extracting of smoke (6) from tunnels, in particular large road tunnels. The module comprises a duct (2) for transportation of smoke, a suspension means (10) which is at least indirectly connected to the duct, thereby enabling suspended convection between the duct and the tunnel wall or tunnel ceiling (4) and a detachment mechanism (5), which, when activated, is arranged to detach the duct from the suspension means such that a displacement of the duct is enabled.
Description
- The present invention relates to a module, a system and a method for extraction of smoke from tunnels, in particular smoke developing inside long road tunnels due to motoring accidents.
- Accidents in tunnels are more dangerous than in the open air. An explosion or fire may cause considerable damage, and hazardous substances cannot be removed quickly. Smoke causes poor visibility, lack of oxygen rapidly occurs and there may be panic. The below table from the handbook of tunnel fire safety of 2005 (Alan Beard & Richard Carrel) lists some of the tunnel fatalities in recent years, hence providing an insight into the tragic consequences of tunnel fire.
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Location Fatalities Mont Blanc, France 39 Tauern Tunnel, Austria 12 Vierzy Tunnel, France 108 Pfander Tunnel, Austria 3 Nihonzaka, Japan 7 Hokuriku Tunnel, Japan 34 Pecorile Tunnel, Italy 8 Isola delle Femmine, Italy 5 Kaprun, Austria 155 St Gottard Tunnel, Switzerland 11 - As a result, the serious hazards related to smoke development in road tunnels have been an issue of debates for decades, and numerous solutions have been proposed trying to reduce the consequences in case of smoke inducing accidents. Examples may be found in publications DE 3117147 A1, DE 19825420 A1, DE 102004027761 A1, EP 1544408 A1, EP 1398461, KR 101088341 B, DE 102007040237 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,079 and DE 7524273 U all disclose solutions where tunnels have been equipped with a closed extraction channel or duct connected to one or more ventilation means. As explained in DE 3117146 A1 enables use of smoke sensors situated along the tunnel guidance of smoke from the source of the smoke into a nearby closable hole of the extraction duct. The extracted smoke may be conveyed to the outside either vertically or longitudinally.
- However, there are still many tunnels worldwide that have no or insufficient systems for smoke extractions, some of these being of considerable length, for example over 1000 meters. To install a solution based on the prior art solutions mentioned above, i.e. to install a dedicated extraction duct having closable openings, often requires a considerable amount of cost and manpower.
- It is thus an object of the present invention to provide an assembly that enables effective smoke extraction at or near the smoke source and which may be installed into existing and new tunnels in an easier and more cost favourable manner.
- The present invention is set forth and characterized in the main claims, while the dependent claims describe other characteristics of the invention.
- In particular, the invention concerns a smoke extraction module smoke extraction module, a smoke extraction system and a method for using such a system which enables extracting of smoke from tunnels, in particular large road tunnels. The module comprises a duct for transportation of smoke, a suspension means which is at least indirectly connected to the duct, thereby enabling suspended connection between the duct and the tunnel wall or tunnel ceiling and a detachment mechanism, which, when activated, is arranged to detach the duct from the suspension means such that a displacement of the duct is enabled. The displacement of the duct is preferably a pure longitudinal displacement. Hereinafter a tunnel shall be interpreted as comprising any cavities where a fire outbreak is considered to represent a danger for life and health for living objects and/or considered to represent a risk of causing serious material damages. Examples are road tunnels, train tunnels, mines, etc.
- In a preferred embodiment the duct remains suspended to the tunnel wall or tunnel ceiling after detachment.
- In another preferred embodiment the detachment mechanism comprises an activator such as a relay configured to receive signals from a smoke detector situated inside the tunnel and configured to actuate the detachment of the duct by for example the activation of one or more coils.
- In another preferred embodiment the detachment mechanism further comprises a smoke detector for detection of smoke inside the tunnel. In an alternative embodiment the smoke detector is a remote smoke detector transmitting signals to the receiver.
- In another preferred embodiment the detachment mechanism further comprises fastening means such as a locking bolt, while the module also comprises one or more retaining means. The suspension means and the retaining means may advantageously be releasably interconnected by the fastening means. Furthermore, the suspension means and the retaining means may be pivotably interconnected, for example by the use of a hinge.
- In another preferred embodiment the detachment mechanism comprising an activator configured to receive signals from a smoke detector situated inside the tunnel as well as one or more elongated objects such as a rod, a wire, a cable or similar, extending between the fastening means and the activator.
- In another preferred embodiment the suspension means comprises one or more first hangers while the retaining means comprises one or more second hangers, wherein the first and second hangers are attached to the tunnel wall or ceiling during use. In this embodiment the second hanger may be attached to the module such that the duct remains suspended in the tunnel wall or ceiling after detachment. The attachment may be directly on the duct itself or on the retaining means
- The invention also concerns a smoke extraction system for extracting smoke from tunnels. The system comprises a plurality of smoke extraction modules in accordance with the features disclosed above which are mutually arranged in an end-to-end fashion to form a channel extending along the tunnel during use. The system also comprises an evacuation system arranged at one or both longitudinal ends of the channel for extraction of smoke.
- In a preferred embodiment the displacement of the duct within the system causes a longitudinal misalignment relative to adjacent ducts.
- In addition to the module and the system mentioned above the invention also concerns a method for displacing a smoke extraction module arranged within a smoke extraction system comprising a plurality of modules arranged in an end-to-end fashion to form a channel extending along the tunnel, where each module comprises a duct for transportation of smoke and a suspension means suspending the duct from the tunnel wall. The method comprises the following steps:
-
- a) detecting a level of smoke exceeding a predetermined level by means of a smoke detector and
- b) actuating a detachment mechanism detaching the duct from the suspension means, thereby causing a longitudinal misalignment of the duct relative to adjacent ducts.
- In a preferred embodiment the method also comprises the step of transmitting signals from the smoke detector to an activator between step a) and step b), where said activator is configured to actuate the displacement mechanism.
- All method steps may advantageously be controlled by the use of a common control unit.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tunnel situated smoke extraction system in accordance with the invention, -
FIG. 2 is a more detailed view of the smoke extraction system ofFIG. 1 where a fire situation has occurred beneath a smoke extraction module in accordance with the invention, -
FIG. 3 is a view of the smoke extraction system ofFIG. 2 after successful detachment from adjacent modules, -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the smoke extraction system ofFIG. 1 after successful detachment of the module from the adjacent modules, -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a smoke extraction module in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, prior to detachment, -
FIGS. 6(a) and (b) are detailed views of a detachment mechanism arranged on a smoke extraction module in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, whereinFIG. 6(a) andFIG. 6(b) shows the detachment mechanism before and immediately after detachment, respectively, -
FIG. 7 is a view of the smoke extraction module ofFIG. 4 after completion of a successful detachment, -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a smoke extraction system in accordance with the invention, including a smoke extraction unit arranged at each longitudinal end of assembly of modules, -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a smoke extraction module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, prior to detachment -
FIG. 10 is a view of the smoke extraction module ofFIG. 9 showing the opposite radial side of the module, -
FIG. 11 is a detailed view of a part of a detachment mechanism arranged on a smoke extraction module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, prior to detachment, -
FIGS. 12(a) and (b) are detailed views of another part of a detachment mechanism arranged on a smoke extraction module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, whereinFIGS. 12(a) and (b) shows the interior components with and without a detachment activating coil, respectively, -
FIG. 13 is a detailed view of the detachment mechanism arranged on a smoke extraction module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, immediately after detachment and -
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the smoke extraction module ofFIG. 9 after completion of a successful detachment. -
FIG. 1 shows the inventivesmoke extraction system 20 arranged within a road tunnel prior to implementation of any smoke extraction procedure. Anextraction unit 21 in form of a vacuum pump is arranged at a longitudinal side of a smoke guiding channel, which channel is composed of a plurality ofsmoke extraction modules ducts vacuum pump 21 should be equal or higher than the pumping capacity required to extract smoke from anywhere in the road tunnel to either or both channel ends during at least one fire outbreak. The minimum required pumping capacity will of course vary depending on parameters such as length of road tunnel, mean diameter of smoke guiding channel, number ofmodules 1 within the channel, etc. A more detailed view of thesmoke extraction system 20 is seen inFIG. 2 , where a single fire outbreak has started in a van located immediately beneath aparticular module 1, hereinafter defined as thefire module 1. As is apparent from the figure,ducts 2′ belonging toadjacent modules 1′ are in normal operation arranged in gas flowing connection with theduct 2 of thefire module 1, that is on each of its longitudinal sides. In order to automatically detect and determine the position(s) of any fire outbreak a plurality ofsmoke detectors 9 are arranged at specific locations within the tunnel, preferably in regular intervals along the entire tunnel length. In the particular embodiment ofFIG. 2 thesmoke detectors 9 are fixed onto thetunnel wall 4, i.e. remote from theducts -
FIGS. 3 and 4 show similar views of thesmoke extraction system 20 as inFIGS. 1 and 2 , respectively, where thefire module 1 have been detached from the remaining part of the smoke guiding channel, thereby creating two open channels which extends from the end of theadjacent modules 1′ situated closest to the position of the fire outbreak to thecorresponding vacuum pump double arrows 30 indicate the direction of thesmoke 6 during pumping. - Details of two
different detachment mechanisms 5 detaching thefire module 1 from the adjacent modules will now be described. -
FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of theinventive module 1 where a stable suspension of themodule 1 is ensured by the attachment of twohangers 14, each being at one end fixed to the tunnel roof/wall 4 and the other end to ductenclosing locking collars duct 2. Further, each lockingcollar upper collar 10, alower collar 11 and a detachment mechanism 5 (indicated within a dotted square inFIG. 5 ), where the detachment mechanism provides releasable connection between at least one of the two facing end pairs belonging to the upper andlower collars detachment mechanism 5 comprises anactivation device 7 arranged inside a cover 28 at theupper collar 10 and a bolt 8 (or any other releasable fastening means) interconnecting the twocollars FIGS. 6(a) and (b) the facing ends of the upper andlower collars radial protrusions holes 32,33, where at least theupper hole 32 belonging to theupper protrusion 18 has an inner diameter being larger than the outer diameter of thebolts head 8″. Thestem 8′ of thebolt 8 is fixed to thelower protrusion 18′ by known means (threads, nuts, etc). When thebolt 8 is fixed to thelower protrusion 18′ and extends through the upper hole 32 (FIG. 6(a) ), anend piece 27 in the form of a fork is arranged to partly enclose thestem 8′ of thebolt 8 immediately below thebolt head 8″, thereby fixing thebolt 8 also to theupper collar 10. Theend piece 27 remains in this locked position by means of a voltage controlled lockingrelay 34 pressing a spring (not shown) towards thestem 8′ of thebolt 8 in absence of any applied voltage.FIG. 6(b) illustrates the situation when the lockingrelay 34 has been activated by the application of a specific voltage (or any other activation requirements for the specific locking relay). Theend piece 27 is retracted due to reduced pressure on the spring set up by a coil in the relay, and thebolt head 8′ is dragged through theupper hole 32 by the gravitational force. The upper andlower collars duct 2 of thefire module 1 obtains the desired longitudinal misalignment relative to theducts 2′ of theadjacent modules 1′ enabling the commence of smoke extraction. Thedouble arrows 35 inFIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) indicate the force direction ofend piece 27 without and with applied voltage on the lockingrelay 34, respectively.FIG. 7 shows the equilibrium position after a completed detachment of in total fourdetachment mechanisms 5, i.e. onedetachment mechanism 5 for each end pairs of the upper andlower collars hangers second hanger lower collar -
FIG. 8 shows an illustration of thesmoke extraction system 20 comprising -
- a smoke guiding channel composed of five
modules -
vacuum pump smoke 6, - a
detachment mechanism 5 fixed at both ends of eachmodule corresponding ducts -
smoke detectors 9 arranged along the entire length of the channel and - a
control unit 35 controlling the operation parameters of the vacuum pumps 21,21′, the transmission signals of thesmoke detectors 9 and the activation of the locking relays 34 situated within thedetachment mechanisms 5.
- a smoke guiding channel composed of five
- With the particular setup any
module 1 may be detached from theadjacent modules 1′. For example, if thesmoke detectors 9 labeled ii and iv detectsmoke 6 indicating one or more fire outbreaks, signals will be sent initiating the activation of the one ormore detachment mechanisms 5 connected to themodules 2′ situated immediately above the activated smoke detector(s) 9. Hence, inFIG. 8 only the ducts directly connected to the vacuum pumps 21,21′ and thecentral module 2 will remain in their original positions. In practice, the number of modules in a road tunnel will be significantly larger. -
FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of the inventivesmoke extraction module FIG. 5 ) a stable suspension of themodule 1 is ensured by the attachment of twohangers 14 being at one end fixed to the tunnel roof/wall 4 and the other end to enclosinglocking collars duct 2. Each lockingcollar upper collar 10, alower collar 11 and a bolt 8 (or any other releasable fastening means) interconnecting the twocollars lower collars radial protrusions holes 32,33, where bothholes 32,33 have an inner diameter being larger than the outer diameter of thestem 8′ of thebolt 8 but smaller than the outer diameter of thebolt head 8″. The lower part of thestem 8′ displays a radial hole. After arranging thebolt 8 through bothholes 32,33 of theradial protrusions bolt head 8″ rests on the upperradial protrusion 18, asuitable cotter pin 17 is inserted, thereby locking the ends of the twocollars duct 2. However, in a preferred embodiment (FIG. 10 ) the upper andlower collars common activation mechanism 7 situated at a distance from thebolts 8. A cable orrod 12 extends from each of the cotter pins 17 to theactivation mechanism 7, as detailed inFIG. 11 .FIGS. 12(a) and (b) show the innards of theactivation mechanism 7, where the ends of the cables/rods 12 are connected to a common voltage controlled coil 24 (FIG. 12(a) ), the latter enabling a pulling force on thecables 12 in direction towards each other thereby pulling the cables 12 a distance that is sufficient to pull out the respective cotter pins 17. Similarly to the first embodiment the cotter pins 17 remain in place and therefore locks the twocollars coil 24.FIG. 12(b) shows theactivation mechanism 7 with thecoil 24 removed. Arelay 13 is seen arranged beneath thecoil 24 which is electrically connected to thecoil 24 and asmoke detector 9, the latter viaelectrical wires 23. Hence, when thesmoke detector 9 detectssmoke 6 above a predefined smoke density, a signal transmitted through thewires 23 activates therelay 13, which again applies the necessary voltage on thecoil 24 in order to pull the cotter pins 17 out of the bolts 8 (FIG. 13 ).FIG. 14 shows the equilibrium position after a completed detachment of in total twodetachment mechanisms 5, i.e. onedetachment mechanism 5 for one of two end pairs of the upper andlower collars hangers second hanger lower collar - In the preceding description, various aspects of the module, system and method according to the invention have been described with reference to the illustrative embodiment. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers, systems and configurations were set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the apparatus and its workings. However, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and variations of the illustrative embodiment, as well as other embodiments of the apparatus, which are apparent to persons skilled in the art to which the disclosed subject matter pertains, are deemed to lie within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1.-15. (canceled)
16. A smoke extraction module for use in a smoke extraction system comprising a plurality of smoke extraction modules enabling extracting of smoke from tunnels, the module comprising:
a duct for transportation of smoke; and
a suspension means being at least indirectly connected to the duct enabling suspended connection between the duct and the tunnel wall or tunnel ceiling;
characterized in that the module further comprises:
a detachment mechanism, which, when activated, is arranged to detach a portion of the duct from the suspension means such that, during use in the smoke extraction system, the portion of the duct is displaced relative to adjacent portions.
17. A smoke extraction module in accordance with claim 16 , characterized in that displacement of the duct portion corresponds to a longitudinal misalignment relative to adjacent ducts.
18. The module in accordance with claim 16 , characterized in that the duct remains suspended to the tunnel wall or tunnel ceiling after detachment of the duct portion.
19. The module in accordance with claim 16 , characterized in that the detachment mechanism comprises:
an activator configured to receive signals from a smoke detector situated inside the tunnel, the activator being configured to actuate the detachment of the portion.
20. The module in accordance with claim 16 , characterized in that the detachment mechanism further comprises a smoke detector for detection of smoke inside the tunnel.
21. The module in accordance with claim 16 , characterized in that the detachment mechanism further comprises:
fastening means; and
that the module further comprises a retaining means, wherein the suspension means and the retaining means are releasably interconnected by the fastening means.
22. The module in accordance with claim 21 , characterized in that the suspension means and the retaining means are pivotably interconnected.
23. The module in accordance with claim 21 , characterized in that the detachment mechanism comprising:
an activator configured to receive signals from a smoke detector situated inside the tunnel; and
an elongated object extending between the fastening means and the activator.
24. The module in accordance with claim 21 , characterized in that the suspension means comprises a first hanger and the retaining means comprises a second hanger, wherein the first and second hangers are attached to the tunnel wall or ceiling during use.
25. The module in accordance with claim 24 , characterized in that the second hanger is attached to the module such that the duct remains suspended in the tunnel wall or ceiling after detachment.
26. A smoke extraction system for extracting smoke from tunnels comprising:
a duct having a plurality of smoke extraction modules mutually arranged in an end-to-end fashion to form a channel extending along the tunnel during use having an evacuation system at at least one longitudinal end of the channel for extraction of smoke.
27. The system in accordance with claim 26 , characterized in that the displacement of the duct causes a longitudinal misalignment of a smoke extraction module relative to adjacent smoke extraction modules.
28. Method for displacing a smoke extraction module arranged within a smoke extraction system comprising a plurality of smoke extraction modules arranged in an end-to-end fashion to form a duct extending along the tunnel, where each smoke extraction module comprises a portion of the duct for transportation of smoke and a suspension means suspending the duct from the tunnel wall, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
a) detecting a level of smoke exceeding a predetermined level by means of a smoke detector; and
b) actuating a detachment mechanism detaching a smoke extraction module of the duct from the suspension means, thereby causing a longitudinal misalignment of the smoke extraction module relative to adjacent modules.
29. Method in accordance with claim 28 , characterized by transmitting signals from the smoke detector to an activator between step a) and step b), said activator being configured to actuate the detachment mechanism.
30. Method in accordance with claim 28 , characterized in evacuating smoke from both ends of the duct upon detecting smoke exceeding said predetermined level.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20131618 | 2013-12-06 | ||
NO20131618A NO337239B1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2013-12-06 | System and method for extracting smoke from road tunnels |
PCT/EP2014/076718 WO2015082684A2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2014-12-05 | System and method for extraction of smoke from road tunnels |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20160305244A1 true US20160305244A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
Family
ID=52007035
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/102,190 Abandoned US20160305244A1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2014-12-05 | System and method for extraction of smoke from road tunnels |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160305244A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3077623A2 (en) |
NO (1) | NO337239B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015082684A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130137356A1 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2013-05-30 | Ivor Pavetic | Method And System For Tunnel Ventilation In Normal Conditions And In Conditions Of Fire |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112879655B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-06-21 | 成都建工工业设备安装有限公司 | Installation method for fire damper of parallel air pipe |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3077623A2 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
WO2015082684A3 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
WO2015082684A2 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
NO20131618A1 (en) | 2015-06-08 |
NO337239B1 (en) | 2016-02-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TUNNEL AIR SYSTEMS AS, NORWAY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STORROSAETER, RUNE;REEL/FRAME:038829/0613 Effective date: 20160527 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |