US20160049490A1 - Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same - Google Patents
Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20160049490A1 US20160049490A1 US14/924,151 US201514924151A US2016049490A1 US 20160049490 A1 US20160049490 A1 US 20160049490A1 US 201514924151 A US201514924151 A US 201514924151A US 2016049490 A1 US2016049490 A1 US 2016049490A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- integrated circuit
- silicide
- layer
- contacts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXEYZECDXFPJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N $l^{3}-silane;platinum Chemical group [SiH3].[Pt] ZXEYZECDXFPJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021339 platinum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021341 titanium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 79
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NICDRCVJGXLKSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;trihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O NICDRCVJGXLKSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 tungsten nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H01L29/45—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/60—Electrodes characterised by their materials
- H10D64/62—Electrodes ohmically coupled to a semiconductor
-
- H01L27/092—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/23—Electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. sources, drains, anodes or cathodes
- H10D64/251—Source or drain electrodes for field-effect devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D84/0123—Integrating together multiple components covered by H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integrating multiple IGBTs
- H10D84/0126—Integrating together multiple components covered by H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integrating multiple IGBTs the components including insulated gates, e.g. IGFETs
- H10D84/0165—Integrating together multiple components covered by H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integrating multiple IGBTs the components including insulated gates, e.g. IGFETs the components including complementary IGFETs, e.g. CMOS devices
- H10D84/017—Manufacturing their source or drain regions, e.g. silicided source or drain regions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D84/02—Manufacture or treatment characterised by using material-based technologies
- H10D84/03—Manufacture or treatment characterised by using material-based technologies using Group IV technology, e.g. silicon technology or silicon-carbide [SiC] technology
- H10D84/038—Manufacture or treatment characterised by using material-based technologies using Group IV technology, e.g. silicon technology or silicon-carbide [SiC] technology using silicon technology, e.g. SiGe
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/80—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs
- H10D84/82—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs of only field-effect components
- H10D84/83—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs of only field-effect components of only insulated-gate FETs [IGFET]
- H10D84/85—Complementary IGFETs, e.g. CMOS
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits, and more particularly relates to integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts.
- Such a transistor device includes a gate electrode as a control electrode that is formed overlying a semiconductor substrate and spaced-apart source and drain regions that are formed within the semiconductor substrate and between which a current can flow.
- a control voltage applied to the gate electrode controls the flow of current through a channel in the semiconductor substrate between the source and drain regions and beneath the gate electrode.
- the MOS transistor device is accessed via a conductive contact typically formed on the source/drain regions between the gate electrodes of two MOS transistor devices.
- the conductive contact is usually formed by siliciding a metal on the source/drain regions and then depositing an insulating layer over the silicided source/drain regions and etching a contact opening in the insulating layer.
- a thin barrier layer typically of titanium nitride and/or other metals and alloys, is deposited in the contact opening and the opening then is filled by a chemical vapor deposited layer of tungsten.
- an integrated circuit includes a semiconductor substrate including a first area and a second area.
- the integrated circuit includes a first source/drain region in and/or overlying the first area of the semiconductor substrate and a second source/drain region in and/or overlying the second area of the semiconductor substrate.
- the integrated circuit further includes a first contact over the first source/drain region and comprising a first metal silicide.
- the integrated circuit also includes a second contact over the second source/drain region and comprising a second metal silicide different from the first metal silicide.
- an integrated circuit in another embodiment, includes a semiconductor substrate including a PFET area and an NFET area.
- a PFET gate structure is interposed between source/drain regions in the PFET area.
- An NFET gate structure interposed between source/drain regions in the NFET area.
- the integrated circuit includes first contacts on the source/drain regions in the PFET area, wherein the first contacts are a first metal silicide.
- the integrated circuit includes second contacts on the source/drain regions in the NFET area, wherein the second contacts are a second metal silicide different from the first metal silicide.
- the integrated circuit further includes a second metal layer, wherein first portions of the second metal layer are overlying the first contacts and second portions of the second metal layer are overlying the second contacts, and wherein the second metal silicide is formed from the second portions of the second metal layer.
- an integrated circuit in accordance with another embodiment, includes a semiconductor substrate having PFET areas and NFET areas. First contacts are over the semiconductor substrate in the PFET areas, wherein the first contacts are a first metal silicide. Second contacts are over the semiconductor substrate in the NFET areas, wherein the second contacts are a second metal silicide different from the first metal silicide.
- FIGS. 1-14 illustrate, in cross section, a portion of an integrated circuit and method steps for fabricating an integrated circuit in accordance with various embodiments herein.
- integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts are provided.
- integrated circuits described herein are provided with two different types of silicide contacts, each of which is optimized for contacting source/drain regions in either PFET devices or NFET devices.
- a method for fabricating an integrated circuit includes selectively forming a first metal over a PFET area of a semiconductor substrate and annealing the first metal to form first silicide contacts. Further, the exemplary method includes forming a second metal over an NFET area of the semiconductor substrate and annealing the second metal to form second silicide contacts.
- FIGS. 1-14 illustrate a method for fabricating integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts in accordance with various embodiments herein.
- FIGS. 1-5 illustrate an embodiment for forming first silicide contacts on PFET devices
- FIGS. 6-10 illustrate an alternate embodiment for forming first silicide contacts on PFET devices
- FIGS. 11-14 illustrate an embodiment for forming second silicide contacts on NFET devices.
- Various steps in the design and composition of integrated circuits are well known and so, in the interest of brevity, many conventional steps will only be mentioned briefly herein or will be omitted entirely without providing the well known process details. Further, it is noted that integrated circuits include a varying number of components and that single components shown in the illustrations may be representative of multiple components.
- the process of fabricating an integrated circuit 10 begins by providing a semiconductor substrate 12 on which gate structures, source/drain regions, and other features may be formed.
- the semiconductor substrate 12 is typically a silicon wafer and includes various doping configurations as is known in the art to define P-channel field effect transistor (PFET) areas 14 and an N-channel FET (NFET) areas 16 .
- the semiconductor substrate 12 may also include other elementary semiconductor materials such as germanium.
- the semiconductor substrate 12 may include a compound semiconductor such as, silicon carbide, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, or indium phosphide.
- the semiconductor substrate 12 may optionally include an epitaxial layer (epi layer), may be strained for performance enhancement, and/or may include a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure. Further, the semiconductor substrate 12 may be formed into fin structures for use in FinFETs. The semiconductor substrate may further encompass areas of Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) processed before the gate and which separate PFET active areas from NFET active areas.
- STI Shallow Trench Isolation
- gate structures 18 are formed overlying the semiconductor substrate 12 in both the PFET areas 14 and the NFET areas 16 .
- Each gate structure 18 can be realized as a composite structure or stack that is formed from a plurality of different layers and materials.
- the gate structures 18 can be formed by conformally depositing layers of material, using photolithographic techniques to pattern the deposited layers of material, and selectively etching the patterned layers to form the desired size and shape for the gate structures 18 .
- a relatively thin layer of dielectric material (commonly referred to as the gate insulator) can be initially deposited over the semiconductor substrate 12 using, for example, a sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique.
- this gate insulator layer could be formed by growing a dielectric material, such as silicon dioxide, on exposed silicon surfaces of the semiconductor substrate 12 .
- a gate electrode material such as a polycrystalline silicon material or a metal material (e.g., titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, or another metal nitride) is formed overlying the gate insulator layer.
- gate processing is typically processed by first patterning a dummy polysilicon or amorphous silicon layer in the shape of the gate, acting as a placeholder until being further removed and replaced with a metal in a damascene way. This is referred to as the Removal Metal Gate or RMG technique
- Another insulating material may then be formed overlying the gate electrode material for use as a hard mask.
- This insulating material (such as silicon nitride) can be deposited using, for example, a sputtering or CVD technique.
- This insulating material can then be photolithographically patterned as desired to form a gate etch mask for etching of the gate structures 18 .
- the underlying gate material is anisotropically etched into the desired topology that is defined by the gate etch mask. After patterning, the insulating material remains on the gate structures 18 as gate caps 22 . It should be appreciated that the particular composition of the gate structures 18 and the manner in which they are formed may vary from one embodiment to another, and that the brief description of the gate stack formation is not intended to be limiting or restrictive of the recited subject matter.
- spacers 26 are formed around the sides of gate structures 18 and gate caps 22 .
- the spacers 26 can be fabricated using conventional process steps such as material deposition, photolithography, and etching. In this regard, formation of the spacers 26 may begin by conformally depositing a spacer material overlying the gate caps 22 , gate structures 18 and semiconductor substrate 12 .
- the spacer material is an appropriate insulator, such as silicon nitride, and the spacer material can be deposited in a known manner by, for example, atomic layer deposition (ALD), CVD, LPCVD, semi-atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (SACVD), or PECVD.
- the spacer material is deposited to a thickness so that, after anisotropic etching, the spacers 26 have a thickness that is appropriate for the subsequent etching steps described below. Thereafter, the spacer material is anisotropically and selectively etched to define the spacers 26 .
- the spacer material can be etched by, for example, reactive ion etching (RIE) using a suitable etching chemistry.
- source/drain regions 30 in PFET areas 14 and the NFET areas 16 of the semiconductor substrate 12 may be formed using various ion implantations to form desired doped source/drain regions 30 for the PFET areas 14 and NFET areas 16 .
- Ion implantations may be sequentially performed on PFET areas 14 and NFET areas 16 by selectively masking one type of area while implanting conductivity-determining ions in the other.
- a hard mask is deposited over the semiconductor substrate 12 and is patterned to expose the areas of the desired typed, e.g., PFET areas 14 .
- An implantation or implantations are performed to introduce selected conductivity-determining ions into the semiconductor substrate 12 to form appropriately doped source/drain regions 30 .
- the hard mask is removed and the process is then repeated for the areas of the other type, e.g., NFET areas 16 .
- Annealing processes may also be performed to drive the conductivity-determining ions further into the semiconductor substrate 12 .
- exposed portions of semiconductor substrate 12 in the source/drain regions 30 may be removed to form recesses and semiconductor stressors may be re-grown in the resulting recesses.
- the semiconductor stressors in PFET areas 14 may comprise silicon germanium (SiGe) and the semiconductor stressors in NFET areas 16 may comprise silicon.
- the manufacturing process may proceed by forming a dielectric material 34 overlying the gate structures 18 , gate caps 22 and spacers 26 , and source/drain regions 30 .
- the dielectric material 34 may be formed by CVD, spin-on, sputtering, or other suitable methods.
- the dielectric material 34 may include silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or a suitable low-k material.
- the dielectric material 34 is planarized to the height of the gate caps 22 , such as by chemical mechanical planarization (CMP).
- CMP chemical mechanical planarization
- the sacrificial or dummy gate material is removed, high permitivity gate oxide processed, and metal gate deposited.
- the process may continue in FIG. 2 by selectively removing dielectric material 34 overlying the PFET areas 14 and NFET areas 16 (the dielectric material 34 may remain covering other features or regions on the semiconductor substrate 12 unrelated to the current process).
- the dielectric material 34 is removed by patterning a photoresist film over the dielectric material and performing a reactive ion etch (RIE) to remove the exposed dielectric material 34 .
- RIE reactive ion etch
- a first metal layer 40 is then deposited overlying the gate structures 18 , gate caps 22 and spacers 26 , and source drain regions 30 in both the PFET areas 14 and NFET areas 16 .
- the first metal layer 40 is a metal that will be used to form silicide contacts in the PFET areas 14 . Further, the silicide contacts in the PFET areas 14 must be able to withstand the NFET silicide contacts anneal later in the process.
- An exemplary first metal layer 40 is platinum.
- the first metal layer 40 may include nickel, other metals suitable for P-type contacts, or alloys of platinum, nickel, and/or the other suitable metals for P-type contacts.
- the first metal layer 40 may be conformally deposited by blanket physical vapor deposition (PVD) or another suitable method.
- An exemplary first metal layer 40 is deposited to a thickness of about 3 nanometers (nm) to about 15 nm.
- FIG. 3 illustrates further processing of the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 .
- the first metal layer 40 is selected to form contacts in the PFET areas 14 and is formed from metal optimized for PFET contacts.
- the first metal layer 40 is selectively removed from the NFET areas 16 . For this reason, a mask layer 44 is deposited over the first metal layer 40 .
- An exemplary mask layer 44 is formed from spin on carbon (SOC), an organic planarizing layer (OPL), or a deep ultra violet light absorbing oxide (DUO) material; however, any suitable material that may be patterned, selectively etched relative to the first metal layer 40 , and easily removed from the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 may be used.
- a photoresist film 46 may be formed over the mask layer 44 and patterned to expose the portions of the mask layer 44 overlying the NFET areas 16 . Thereafter, the portions of the mask layer 44 overlying the NFET areas 16 are etched, such as by a RIE process, to expose the first metal layer 40 in the NFET areas 16 .
- the exposed first metal layer 40 in the NFET areas 16 is removed in FIG. 4 .
- an etch such as an aqua regia (nitro-hydrochloric acid) wet etch may selectively remove the first metal layer 40 .
- Other suitable etching process may be used provided they do not etch, or only slightly etch, gate caps 22 , spacers 26 , and source/drain regions 30 .
- the remaining photoresist film 46 and mask layer 44 are removed, such as by a reactive ion etch, for example an O 2 plasma etch.
- the process may continue by forming first silicide contacts 50 on the source/drain regions 30 in the PFET areas 14 .
- a low temperature anneal at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 450° C. is performed.
- the first metal layer 40 reacts preferentially with the semiconductor material of the source/drain regions 30 in the PFET areas 14 to form first silicide contacts 50 .
- the first metal layer 40 does not react with the dielectric material of the gate caps 22 and spacers 26 .
- the unreacted first metal layer 40 is then selectively etched with an acidic solution from the gate caps 22 and spacers 26 such that only the first silicide contacts 50 remain.
- the structure of the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 of FIG. 5 is then ready for formation of second contacts in the NFET areas 16 .
- the process for forming second contacts in the NFET areas 16 is illustrated in FIGS. 11-14 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates the selective removal of dielectric material 34 overlying the PFET areas 14 .
- the dielectric material 34 remains covering the NFET areas 16 .
- the dielectric material 34 is removed by patterning a photoresist film 54 over the dielectric material 34 and performing a reactive ion etch (RIE) to remove the exposed dielectric material 34 overlying the source/drain regions 30 in the PFET areas 14 .
- RIE reactive ion etch
- the photoresist film 54 is removed and a first metal layer 40 is formed over the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 .
- the exemplary first metal layer 40 is conformally deposited over the gate caps 22 , spacers 26 , and source/drain regions 30 in the PFET areas 14 . Further, the exemplary first metal layer 40 is deposited over the gate caps 22 and dielectric material 34 in the NFET areas 16 .
- the first metal layer 40 is a metal that will be used to form silicide contacts in the PFET areas 14 . Further, the silicide contacts in the PFET areas 14 must be able to withstand the NFET silicide contacts anneal later in the process.
- An exemplary first metal layer 40 is platinum.
- the first metal layer 40 may include nickel, other metals suitable for P-type contacts, or alloys of platinum, nickel, and/or the other suitable metals for P-type contacts.
- the first metal layer 40 may be conformally deposited by blanket physical vapor deposition (PVD) or another suitable method.
- PVD blanket physical vapor deposition
- An exemplary first metal layer 40 is deposited to a thickness of about 3 nm to about 15 nm.
- first silicide contacts 50 on the source/drain regions 30 in the PFET areas 14 .
- a low temperature anneal at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 450° C. is performed.
- the first metal layer 40 reacts preferentially with the semiconductor material of the source/drain regions 30 in the PFET areas 14 to form first silicide contacts 50 .
- the first metal layer 40 does not react with the gate caps 22 , spacers 26 , and dielectric material 34 .
- the unreacted first metal layer 40 is then selectively etched with an acidic solution from the gate caps 22 , spacers 26 , and dielectric material 34 such that only the first silicide contacts 50 remain.
- mask layer 58 is formed over the PFET areas 14 .
- the mask layer 58 is deposited over the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 and is patterned to expose the NFET areas 16 .
- the mask layer 58 may be any material that can withstand selective etching of the dielectric material 34 in the NFET areas 16 and can be easily removed from the gate caps 22 , spacers 26 and first silicide contacts 50 in the PFET areas 14 .
- the mask layer 58 can be a photoresist.
- the dielectric material 34 is etched from the NFET areas 16 , such as by performing an RIE process.
- the etch exposes the source/drain regions 30 in the NFET areas 16 as shown in FIG. 9 .
- the dielectric material 34 can be etched without protecting the PFET area with mask layer 58 if the etch chemistry is selective to remove the dielectric relative to the first silicide contacts 50 .
- dilute HF may not require masking of the PFET area.
- the mask layer 58 is then removed from the PFET areas 14 as shown in FIG. 10 .
- the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 is provided with the same structure as the partially fabricated integrated circuit of FIG. 5 .
- first silicide contacts 50 are formed on the source/drain regions 30 in the PFET areas 14 , and the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 is ready for further processing to form second silicide contacts in NFET areas 16 .
- the process for forming second silicide contacts on the source/drain regions 30 in the NFET areas 16 begins in FIG. 11 .
- a second metal layer 60 is formed over the PFET areas 14 and NFET areas 16 .
- the exemplary second metal layer 60 is conformally deposited over the gate caps 22 and spacers 26 , over the first silicide contacts 50 in the PFET areas 14 , and over the source/drain regions 30 in the NFET areas 16 .
- the second metal layer 60 includes a metal that will be used to form silicide contacts in the NFET areas 16 and will remain overlying the first silicide contacts 50 in the PFET areas 14 .
- An exemplary second metal layer 60 includes titanium.
- the second metal layer 60 may include cobalt or other metals or alloys suitable for N-type contacts.
- the second metal layer 60 further includes a capping material for capping the silicide contacts in the PFET areas 14 and NFET areas 16 .
- the second metal layer 60 may include a titanium nitride capping material.
- the second metal layer 60 may be conformally deposited by blanket physical vapor deposition (PVD) or another suitable method.
- An exemplary second metal layer 60 is deposited to a thickness of about 5 nm to about 20 nm, for example an exemplary second metal layer 60 may include about 3 nm to about 15 nm titanium and about 2 nm to about 5 nm titanium nitride.
- a fill metal 70 is deposited over the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 .
- An exemplary fill metal 70 is tungsten, though copper or any other suitable conductive metal that is easy to deposit and polish may be used.
- the fill metal 70 may be conformally deposited such as by CVD. As shown, the fill metal 70 forms an overburden portion 74 located above the second metal layer 60 formed on the gate caps 22 .
- the second metal layer 60 overlying the gate caps 22 and the overburden portion 74 of the fill metal 70 are removed, such as by a planarization process.
- second silicide contacts 80 are formed on the source/drain regions 30 in the NFET areas 16 .
- an anneal may be performed, such as at a temperature of from about 600° C. to about 850° C.
- the metal in the second metal layer 60 reacts preferentially with the semiconductor material of the source/drain regions 30 in the NFET areas 16 to form second silicide contacts 80 .
- the second metal layer 60 does not react with the gate caps 22 , spacers 26 , or first silicide contacts 50 .
- a titanium second silicide anneal does not degrade the first silicide contacts 50 in the PFET areas 14 .
- the second silicide anneal be performed at any time after deposition of the second metal layer 60 , such as before the fill metal deposition or before planarization.
- the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 of FIG. 13 is thus formed with contact structures 84 in the PFET areas 14 and NFET areas 16 .
- the contact structures 84 in the PFET areas 14 include first silicide contacts 50 , second metal layer 60 , and fill metal 70 .
- the contact structures 84 in the NFET areas 16 include second silicide contacts 80 , non-reacted portions of the second metal layer 60 , and fill metal 70 .
- FIG. 14 illustrates further processing including the formation of an interconnect structure to provide electrical communication to the contact structures 84 .
- an interlayer dielectric material 86 is deposited over the partially fabricated integrated circuit 10 .
- a gate interconnect 88 may be formed by selectively etching a trench or trenches 90 over a selected gate structure or gate structures 18 .
- An interconnect metal 92 is then deposited to form the gate interconnect 88 .
- a source/drain interconnect 94 may be formed by selectively etching a trench or trenches 96 over a selected source/drain region or regions 30 .
- Interconnect metal 92 is then deposited to form the source/drain interconnect 94 .
- an integrated circuit fabrication process is implemented to form improved contacts to source/drain regions.
- dual silicide contacts are formed, with first silicide contacts formed from a first metal optimized for PFET contacts and second silicide contacts formed from a second metal optimized for NFET contacts.
- first silicide contacts formed from a first metal optimized for PFET contacts
- second silicide contacts formed from a second metal optimized for NFET contacts.
Landscapes
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/043,017, filed Oct. 1, 2013.
- The present disclosure generally relates to integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits, and more particularly relates to integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts.
- The majority of present day integrated circuits are implemented by using a plurality of interconnected field effect transistors (FETs), also called metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs or MOS transistor devices). Such a transistor device includes a gate electrode as a control electrode that is formed overlying a semiconductor substrate and spaced-apart source and drain regions that are formed within the semiconductor substrate and between which a current can flow. A control voltage applied to the gate electrode controls the flow of current through a channel in the semiconductor substrate between the source and drain regions and beneath the gate electrode.
- The MOS transistor device is accessed via a conductive contact typically formed on the source/drain regions between the gate electrodes of two MOS transistor devices. The conductive contact is usually formed by siliciding a metal on the source/drain regions and then depositing an insulating layer over the silicided source/drain regions and etching a contact opening in the insulating layer. A thin barrier layer, typically of titanium nitride and/or other metals and alloys, is deposited in the contact opening and the opening then is filled by a chemical vapor deposited layer of tungsten.
- At reduced technology nodes, more and more circuitry is incorporated on a single integrated circuit chip and the sizes of each individual device in the circuit and the spacing between device elements decreases. However, one of the limiting factors in the continued shrinking of integrated semiconductor devices is the resistance of contacts to doped regions such as the source and drain regions. As device sizes decrease, the width of contacts decreases. As the width of the contacts decreases, the resistance of the contacts becomes increasingly larger. In turn, as the resistance of the contacts increases, the drive current of the devices decreases, thus adversely affecting device performance. Therefore, the importance of reducing contact resistance at source/drain regions is amplified at reduced technology nodes.
- Accordingly, it is desirable to provide integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits that exhibit lower contact resistance. In addition, it is desirable to provide integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits that utilize dual silicide contacts, i.e., two different types of silicide contacts for PFET and NFET devices, to reduce contact resistance. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description of the invention and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the invention.
- Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts are provided. In accordance with one embodiment, an integrated circuit includes a semiconductor substrate including a first area and a second area. The integrated circuit includes a first source/drain region in and/or overlying the first area of the semiconductor substrate and a second source/drain region in and/or overlying the second area of the semiconductor substrate. The integrated circuit further includes a first contact over the first source/drain region and comprising a first metal silicide. The integrated circuit also includes a second contact over the second source/drain region and comprising a second metal silicide different from the first metal silicide.
- In another embodiment, an integrated circuit includes a semiconductor substrate including a PFET area and an NFET area. A PFET gate structure is interposed between source/drain regions in the PFET area. An NFET gate structure interposed between source/drain regions in the NFET area. The integrated circuit includes first contacts on the source/drain regions in the PFET area, wherein the first contacts are a first metal silicide. The integrated circuit includes second contacts on the source/drain regions in the NFET area, wherein the second contacts are a second metal silicide different from the first metal silicide. The integrated circuit further includes a second metal layer, wherein first portions of the second metal layer are overlying the first contacts and second portions of the second metal layer are overlying the second contacts, and wherein the second metal silicide is formed from the second portions of the second metal layer.
- In accordance with another embodiment, an integrated circuit is provided and includes a semiconductor substrate having PFET areas and NFET areas. First contacts are over the semiconductor substrate in the PFET areas, wherein the first contacts are a first metal silicide. Second contacts are over the semiconductor substrate in the NFET areas, wherein the second contacts are a second metal silicide different from the first metal silicide.
- Embodiments of integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and wherein
FIGS. 1-14 illustrate, in cross section, a portion of an integrated circuit and method steps for fabricating an integrated circuit in accordance with various embodiments herein. - The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the integrated circuits or the methods for fabricating integrated circuits as claimed herein. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding technical field, background or brief summary, or in the following detailed description.
- In accordance with the various embodiments herein, integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts are provided. Specifically, integrated circuits described herein are provided with two different types of silicide contacts, each of which is optimized for contacting source/drain regions in either PFET devices or NFET devices. In an exemplary embodiment, a method for fabricating an integrated circuit includes selectively forming a first metal over a PFET area of a semiconductor substrate and annealing the first metal to form first silicide contacts. Further, the exemplary method includes forming a second metal over an NFET area of the semiconductor substrate and annealing the second metal to form second silicide contacts. By optimizing the silicide contacts provided on PFET devices and NFET devices on the integrated circuit, contact resistance is lowered and device performance is improved.
-
FIGS. 1-14 illustrate a method for fabricating integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts in accordance with various embodiments herein.FIGS. 1-5 illustrate an embodiment for forming first silicide contacts on PFET devices, andFIGS. 6-10 illustrate an alternate embodiment for forming first silicide contacts on PFET devices.FIGS. 11-14 illustrate an embodiment for forming second silicide contacts on NFET devices. Various steps in the design and composition of integrated circuits are well known and so, in the interest of brevity, many conventional steps will only be mentioned briefly herein or will be omitted entirely without providing the well known process details. Further, it is noted that integrated circuits include a varying number of components and that single components shown in the illustrations may be representative of multiple components. - Turning now to
FIG. 1 , in an exemplary embodiment, the process of fabricating an integratedcircuit 10 begins by providing asemiconductor substrate 12 on which gate structures, source/drain regions, and other features may be formed. Thesemiconductor substrate 12 is typically a silicon wafer and includes various doping configurations as is known in the art to define P-channel field effect transistor (PFET)areas 14 and an N-channel FET (NFET)areas 16. Thesemiconductor substrate 12 may also include other elementary semiconductor materials such as germanium. Alternatively, thesemiconductor substrate 12 may include a compound semiconductor such as, silicon carbide, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, or indium phosphide. Further, thesemiconductor substrate 12 may optionally include an epitaxial layer (epi layer), may be strained for performance enhancement, and/or may include a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure. Further, thesemiconductor substrate 12 may be formed into fin structures for use in FinFETs. The semiconductor substrate may further encompass areas of Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) processed before the gate and which separate PFET active areas from NFET active areas. The detailed fabrication of STI well known and does not directly affect the subject matter herein. - As shown,
gate structures 18 are formed overlying thesemiconductor substrate 12 in both thePFET areas 14 and theNFET areas 16. Eachgate structure 18 can be realized as a composite structure or stack that is formed from a plurality of different layers and materials. In this regard, thegate structures 18 can be formed by conformally depositing layers of material, using photolithographic techniques to pattern the deposited layers of material, and selectively etching the patterned layers to form the desired size and shape for thegate structures 18. For example, a relatively thin layer of dielectric material (commonly referred to as the gate insulator) can be initially deposited over thesemiconductor substrate 12 using, for example, a sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Alternatively, this gate insulator layer could be formed by growing a dielectric material, such as silicon dioxide, on exposed silicon surfaces of thesemiconductor substrate 12. In certain embodiments, a gate electrode material, such as a polycrystalline silicon material or a metal material (e.g., titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, or another metal nitride) is formed overlying the gate insulator layer. For advanced CMOS technology, gate processing is typically processed by first patterning a dummy polysilicon or amorphous silicon layer in the shape of the gate, acting as a placeholder until being further removed and replaced with a metal in a damascene way. This is referred to as the Removal Metal Gate or RMG technique - Another insulating material may then be formed overlying the gate electrode material for use as a hard mask. This insulating material (such as silicon nitride) can be deposited using, for example, a sputtering or CVD technique. This insulating material can then be photolithographically patterned as desired to form a gate etch mask for etching of the
gate structures 18. The underlying gate material is anisotropically etched into the desired topology that is defined by the gate etch mask. After patterning, the insulating material remains on thegate structures 18 as gate caps 22. It should be appreciated that the particular composition of thegate structures 18 and the manner in which they are formed may vary from one embodiment to another, and that the brief description of the gate stack formation is not intended to be limiting or restrictive of the recited subject matter. - In the exemplary embodiment, spacers 26 are formed around the sides of
gate structures 18 and gate caps 22. Thespacers 26 can be fabricated using conventional process steps such as material deposition, photolithography, and etching. In this regard, formation of thespacers 26 may begin by conformally depositing a spacer material overlying the gate caps 22,gate structures 18 andsemiconductor substrate 12. The spacer material is an appropriate insulator, such as silicon nitride, and the spacer material can be deposited in a known manner by, for example, atomic layer deposition (ALD), CVD, LPCVD, semi-atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (SACVD), or PECVD. The spacer material is deposited to a thickness so that, after anisotropic etching, thespacers 26 have a thickness that is appropriate for the subsequent etching steps described below. Thereafter, the spacer material is anisotropically and selectively etched to define thespacers 26. In practice, the spacer material can be etched by, for example, reactive ion etching (RIE) using a suitable etching chemistry. - After the
spacers 26 have been created, other processing may be performed to form source/drain regions 30 inPFET areas 14 and theNFET areas 16 of thesemiconductor substrate 12. For example, various ion implantations may be performed on thesemiconductor substrate 12 using thegate structures 18 as ion implantation masks to form desired doped source/drain regions 30 for thePFET areas 14 andNFET areas 16. Ion implantations may be sequentially performed onPFET areas 14 andNFET areas 16 by selectively masking one type of area while implanting conductivity-determining ions in the other. For example, a hard mask is deposited over thesemiconductor substrate 12 and is patterned to expose the areas of the desired typed, e.g.,PFET areas 14. An implantation or implantations are performed to introduce selected conductivity-determining ions into thesemiconductor substrate 12 to form appropriately doped source/drain regions 30. The hard mask is removed and the process is then repeated for the areas of the other type, e.g.,NFET areas 16. Annealing processes may also be performed to drive the conductivity-determining ions further into thesemiconductor substrate 12. Additionally or alternatively, exposed portions ofsemiconductor substrate 12 in the source/drain regions 30 may be removed to form recesses and semiconductor stressors may be re-grown in the resulting recesses. In an exemplary embodiment, the semiconductor stressors inPFET areas 14 may comprise silicon germanium (SiGe) and the semiconductor stressors inNFET areas 16 may comprise silicon. - The manufacturing process may proceed by forming a
dielectric material 34 overlying thegate structures 18, gate caps 22 andspacers 26, and source/drain regions 30. Thedielectric material 34 may be formed by CVD, spin-on, sputtering, or other suitable methods. Thedielectric material 34 may include silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or a suitable low-k material. In the exemplary embodiment, thedielectric material 34 is planarized to the height of the gate caps 22, such as by chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). At this point in the fabrication process, previously unoccupied space around thespacers 26 has been completely filled with thedielectric material 34. For an RMG process, the sacrificial or dummy gate material is removed, high permitivity gate oxide processed, and metal gate deposited. - After the
dielectric material 34 has been deposited, the process may continue inFIG. 2 by selectively removingdielectric material 34 overlying thePFET areas 14 and NFET areas 16 (thedielectric material 34 may remain covering other features or regions on thesemiconductor substrate 12 unrelated to the current process). In an exemplary embodiment, thedielectric material 34 is removed by patterning a photoresist film over the dielectric material and performing a reactive ion etch (RIE) to remove the exposeddielectric material 34. - A
first metal layer 40 is then deposited overlying thegate structures 18, gate caps 22 andspacers 26, andsource drain regions 30 in both thePFET areas 14 andNFET areas 16. Thefirst metal layer 40 is a metal that will be used to form silicide contacts in thePFET areas 14. Further, the silicide contacts in thePFET areas 14 must be able to withstand the NFET silicide contacts anneal later in the process. An exemplaryfirst metal layer 40 is platinum. Alternatively, thefirst metal layer 40 may include nickel, other metals suitable for P-type contacts, or alloys of platinum, nickel, and/or the other suitable metals for P-type contacts. Thefirst metal layer 40 may be conformally deposited by blanket physical vapor deposition (PVD) or another suitable method. An exemplaryfirst metal layer 40 is deposited to a thickness of about 3 nanometers (nm) to about 15 nm. -
FIG. 3 illustrates further processing of the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10. As noted above, thefirst metal layer 40 is selected to form contacts in thePFET areas 14 and is formed from metal optimized for PFET contacts. In order to prevent the formation of silicide contacts in theNFET areas 16 from thefirst metal layer 40, thefirst metal layer 40 is selectively removed from theNFET areas 16. For this reason, amask layer 44 is deposited over thefirst metal layer 40. Anexemplary mask layer 44 is formed from spin on carbon (SOC), an organic planarizing layer (OPL), or a deep ultra violet light absorbing oxide (DUO) material; however, any suitable material that may be patterned, selectively etched relative to thefirst metal layer 40, and easily removed from the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10 may be used. Aphotoresist film 46 may be formed over themask layer 44 and patterned to expose the portions of themask layer 44 overlying theNFET areas 16. Thereafter, the portions of themask layer 44 overlying theNFET areas 16 are etched, such as by a RIE process, to expose thefirst metal layer 40 in theNFET areas 16. - The exposed
first metal layer 40 in theNFET areas 16 is removed inFIG. 4 . Specifically, an etch such as an aqua regia (nitro-hydrochloric acid) wet etch may selectively remove thefirst metal layer 40. Other suitable etching process may be used provided they do not etch, or only slightly etch, gate caps 22,spacers 26, and source/drain regions 30. InFIG. 4 , the remainingphotoresist film 46 andmask layer 44 are removed, such as by a reactive ion etch, for example an O2 plasma etch. - In
FIG. 5 , the process may continue by formingfirst silicide contacts 50 on the source/drain regions 30 in thePFET areas 14. Specifically, a low temperature anneal at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 450° C. is performed. Under this heat treatment, thefirst metal layer 40 reacts preferentially with the semiconductor material of the source/drain regions 30 in thePFET areas 14 to formfirst silicide contacts 50. Thefirst metal layer 40 does not react with the dielectric material of the gate caps 22 andspacers 26. The unreactedfirst metal layer 40 is then selectively etched with an acidic solution from the gate caps 22 andspacers 26 such that only thefirst silicide contacts 50 remain. The structure of the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10 ofFIG. 5 is then ready for formation of second contacts in theNFET areas 16. The process for forming second contacts in theNFET areas 16 is illustrated inFIGS. 11-14 . - Before describing the process for forming second contacts in the
NFET areas 16, an alternate embodiment for forming first silicide contacts in thePFET areas 14 is described inFIGS. 6-10 . With cross-reference toFIG. 1 ,FIG. 6 illustrates the selective removal ofdielectric material 34 overlying thePFET areas 14. Thedielectric material 34 remains covering theNFET areas 16. In an exemplary embodiment, thedielectric material 34 is removed by patterning aphotoresist film 54 over thedielectric material 34 and performing a reactive ion etch (RIE) to remove the exposeddielectric material 34 overlying the source/drain regions 30 in thePFET areas 14. - In
FIG. 7 , thephotoresist film 54 is removed and afirst metal layer 40 is formed over the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10. As shown, the exemplaryfirst metal layer 40 is conformally deposited over the gate caps 22,spacers 26, and source/drain regions 30 in thePFET areas 14. Further, the exemplaryfirst metal layer 40 is deposited over the gate caps 22 anddielectric material 34 in theNFET areas 16. As indicated above, thefirst metal layer 40 is a metal that will be used to form silicide contacts in thePFET areas 14. Further, the silicide contacts in thePFET areas 14 must be able to withstand the NFET silicide contacts anneal later in the process. An exemplaryfirst metal layer 40 is platinum. Alternatively, thefirst metal layer 40 may include nickel, other metals suitable for P-type contacts, or alloys of platinum, nickel, and/or the other suitable metals for P-type contacts. Thefirst metal layer 40 may be conformally deposited by blanket physical vapor deposition (PVD) or another suitable method. An exemplaryfirst metal layer 40 is deposited to a thickness of about 3 nm to about 15 nm. - The process continues in
FIG. 8 by formingfirst silicide contacts 50 on the source/drain regions 30 in thePFET areas 14. Specifically, a low temperature anneal at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 450° C. is performed. Under this heat treatment, thefirst metal layer 40 reacts preferentially with the semiconductor material of the source/drain regions 30 in thePFET areas 14 to formfirst silicide contacts 50. Thefirst metal layer 40 does not react with the gate caps 22,spacers 26, anddielectric material 34. The unreactedfirst metal layer 40 is then selectively etched with an acidic solution from the gate caps 22,spacers 26, anddielectric material 34 such that only thefirst silicide contacts 50 remain. - In
FIG. 9 ,mask layer 58 is formed over thePFET areas 14. Specifically, themask layer 58 is deposited over the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10 and is patterned to expose theNFET areas 16. Themask layer 58 may be any material that can withstand selective etching of thedielectric material 34 in theNFET areas 16 and can be easily removed from the gate caps 22,spacers 26 andfirst silicide contacts 50 in thePFET areas 14. For example, themask layer 58 can be a photoresist. After forming themask layer 58 over thePFET areas 14, thedielectric material 34 is etched from theNFET areas 16, such as by performing an RIE process. The etch exposes the source/drain regions 30 in theNFET areas 16 as shown inFIG. 9 . Alternatively, thedielectric material 34 can be etched without protecting the PFET area withmask layer 58 if the etch chemistry is selective to remove the dielectric relative to thefirst silicide contacts 50. For example, dilute HF may not require masking of the PFET area. - The
mask layer 58 is then removed from thePFET areas 14 as shown inFIG. 10 . Thus, the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10 is provided with the same structure as the partially fabricated integrated circuit ofFIG. 5 . Specifically,first silicide contacts 50 are formed on the source/drain regions 30 in thePFET areas 14, and the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10 is ready for further processing to form second silicide contacts inNFET areas 16. - The process for forming second silicide contacts on the source/
drain regions 30 in theNFET areas 16 begins inFIG. 11 . As shown, asecond metal layer 60 is formed over thePFET areas 14 andNFET areas 16. Specifically, the exemplarysecond metal layer 60 is conformally deposited over the gate caps 22 andspacers 26, over thefirst silicide contacts 50 in thePFET areas 14, and over the source/drain regions 30 in theNFET areas 16. Thesecond metal layer 60 includes a metal that will be used to form silicide contacts in theNFET areas 16 and will remain overlying thefirst silicide contacts 50 in thePFET areas 14. An exemplarysecond metal layer 60 includes titanium. Alternatively, thesecond metal layer 60 may include cobalt or other metals or alloys suitable for N-type contacts. Thesecond metal layer 60 further includes a capping material for capping the silicide contacts in thePFET areas 14 andNFET areas 16. For example, thesecond metal layer 60 may include a titanium nitride capping material. Thesecond metal layer 60 may be conformally deposited by blanket physical vapor deposition (PVD) or another suitable method. An exemplarysecond metal layer 60 is deposited to a thickness of about 5 nm to about 20 nm, for example an exemplarysecond metal layer 60 may include about 3 nm to about 15 nm titanium and about 2 nm to about 5 nm titanium nitride. - As shown in
FIG. 12 , after formation of thesecond metal layer 60 over thePFET areas 14 andNFET areas 16, afill metal 70 is deposited over the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10. Anexemplary fill metal 70 is tungsten, though copper or any other suitable conductive metal that is easy to deposit and polish may be used. Thefill metal 70 may be conformally deposited such as by CVD. As shown, thefill metal 70 forms anoverburden portion 74 located above thesecond metal layer 60 formed on the gate caps 22. - In
FIG. 13 , thesecond metal layer 60 overlying the gate caps 22 and theoverburden portion 74 of thefill metal 70 are removed, such as by a planarization process. Further,second silicide contacts 80 are formed on the source/drain regions 30 in theNFET areas 16. For example, an anneal may be performed, such as at a temperature of from about 600° C. to about 850° C. Under this heat treatment, the metal in thesecond metal layer 60 reacts preferentially with the semiconductor material of the source/drain regions 30 in theNFET areas 16 to formsecond silicide contacts 80. Thesecond metal layer 60 does not react with the gate caps 22,spacers 26, orfirst silicide contacts 50. Further, it is noted that in the silicidation reaction of titanium with silicon, silicon is the migrating species. Therefore, a titanium second silicide anneal does not degrade thefirst silicide contacts 50 in thePFET areas 14. Further, it is noted that while thefill metal 70 is deposited and planarized before thesecond silicide contacts 80 are formed in the illustrated embodiment, it is contemplated that the second silicide anneal be performed at any time after deposition of thesecond metal layer 60, such as before the fill metal deposition or before planarization. - The partially fabricated integrated
circuit 10 ofFIG. 13 is thus formed withcontact structures 84 in thePFET areas 14 andNFET areas 16. Structurally, thecontact structures 84 in thePFET areas 14 includefirst silicide contacts 50,second metal layer 60, and fillmetal 70. Thecontact structures 84 in theNFET areas 16 includesecond silicide contacts 80, non-reacted portions of thesecond metal layer 60, and fillmetal 70. -
FIG. 14 illustrates further processing including the formation of an interconnect structure to provide electrical communication to thecontact structures 84. As shown, aninterlayer dielectric material 86 is deposited over the partially fabricated integratedcircuit 10. Then, agate interconnect 88 may be formed by selectively etching a trench ortrenches 90 over a selected gate structure orgate structures 18. Aninterconnect metal 92 is then deposited to form thegate interconnect 88. Likewise, a source/drain interconnect 94 may be formed by selectively etching a trench ortrenches 96 over a selected source/drain region orregions 30.Interconnect metal 92 is then deposited to form the source/drain interconnect 94. - As described herein, an integrated circuit fabrication process is implemented to form improved contacts to source/drain regions. Specifically, dual silicide contacts are formed, with first silicide contacts formed from a first metal optimized for PFET contacts and second silicide contacts formed from a second metal optimized for NFET contacts. Thus, contact resistance in both PFET and NFET areas are reduced and PFET and NFET device performance is optimized.
- To briefly summarize, the fabrication methods described herein result in integrated circuits having source/drain contacts with improved performance. While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. Further, any refinement pertaining to the fabrication of Shallow Trench Isolation, or related to the inclusion or not on the semiconductor substrate of a Contact Etch Stop Layer (CESL) over source/drain regions, or related to the typical clean steps included prior to metal deposition in view of forming a good quality silicide has been omitted for the sake of clarity. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or embodiments described herein are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claimed subject matter in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing the described embodiment or embodiments. It should be understood that various changes can be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the scope defined by the claims, which includes known equivalents and foreseeable equivalents at the time of filing this patent application.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/924,151 US20160049490A1 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2015-10-27 | Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/043,017 US9196694B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2013-10-01 | Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same |
US14/924,151 US20160049490A1 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2015-10-27 | Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/043,017 Division US9196694B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2013-10-01 | Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20160049490A1 true US20160049490A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
Family
ID=52739266
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/043,017 Expired - Fee Related US9196694B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2013-10-01 | Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same |
US14/924,151 Abandoned US20160049490A1 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2015-10-27 | Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/043,017 Expired - Fee Related US9196694B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2013-10-01 | Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9196694B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9117927B2 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-08-25 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Method of semiconductor integrated circuit fabrication |
US9520363B1 (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2016-12-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Forming CMOSFET structures with different contact liners |
US9698100B2 (en) | 2015-08-19 | 2017-07-04 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Structure and method for interconnection |
US9805973B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2017-10-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dual silicide liner flow for enabling low contact resistance |
DE102016118207B4 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2024-08-01 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. Ltd. | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
US11088030B2 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2021-08-10 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the same |
US9595592B1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-03-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Forming dual contact silicide using metal multi-layer and ion beam mixing |
US9666488B1 (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-05-30 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Pass-through contact using silicide |
US9768077B1 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2017-09-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Low resistance dual liner contacts for Fin Field-Effect Transistors (FinFETs) |
US10388576B2 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-08-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Semiconductor device including dual trench epitaxial dual-liner contacts |
US11031300B2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-06-08 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. | Semiconductor structure and method for manufacturing the same |
JP7297065B2 (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2023-06-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | image sensor |
WO2021064909A1 (en) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-04-08 | シャープ株式会社 | Display device and method for manufacturing display device |
KR20210073142A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Semiconductor devices |
KR20210149956A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-10 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Quantum dot composition, light emitting diode and manufacturing method of the same |
US11667834B2 (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2023-06-06 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing light emitting element including quantum dot in an emission layer |
KR102798315B1 (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2025-04-23 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Light emitting device, electronic apparatus including the same and method for preparing the same |
CN113903873B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2023-04-07 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Quantum dot light-emitting panel, display device and manufacturing method |
KR20220050282A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-25 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Display device and manufacturing method thereof |
CN114574187B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2024-03-05 | 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 | Nanoparticle, method for patterning nanoparticle layer and related application |
KR20220100136A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-07-15 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Light emitting diode, method of producing the same and display device including the same |
US20220406909A1 (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-12-22 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Field effect transistor with dual silicide and method |
US11825672B2 (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-11-21 | Sharp Display Technology Corporation | Quantum dot light-emitting apparatus for enhancing QD charge balance |
US12187935B1 (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2025-01-07 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Liquid dispersion of quantum dots in an acrylic monomer medium |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4501965B2 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2010-07-14 | ソニー株式会社 | Manufacturing method of semiconductor device |
KR101406226B1 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2014-06-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method of manufacturing semiconductor device |
-
2013
- 2013-10-01 US US14/043,017 patent/US9196694B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-10-27 US US14/924,151 patent/US20160049490A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9196694B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
US20150091093A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9196694B2 (en) | Integrated circuits with dual silicide contacts and methods for fabricating same | |
US11646231B2 (en) | Semiconductor device and method | |
TWI485848B (en) | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing same | |
US9324610B2 (en) | Method for fabricating semiconductor device | |
US9397003B1 (en) | Method for forming source/drain contacts during CMOS integration using confined epitaxial growth techniques | |
US8994116B2 (en) | Hybrid gate process for fabricating FinFET device | |
US7381649B2 (en) | Structure for a multiple-gate FET device and a method for its fabrication | |
US8012817B2 (en) | Transistor performance improving method with metal gate | |
US9117842B2 (en) | Methods of forming contacts to source/drain regions of FinFET devices | |
US20140001561A1 (en) | Cmos devices having strain source/drain regions and low contact resistance | |
US20140273365A1 (en) | Methods of forming contacts to source/drain regions of finfet devices by forming a region that includes a schottky barrier lowering material | |
KR20150112908A (en) | Structure and method for nfet with high k metal gate | |
KR20130061616A (en) | High gate density devices and methods | |
CN110310925A (en) | Integrated Tensile Strained Si NFET and Compressively Strained SiGe PFET Implemented in FinFET Technology | |
US11348839B2 (en) | Method of manufacturing semiconductor devices with multiple silicide regions | |
CN106409764A (en) | Method for manufacturing semiconductor element | |
US20230253254A1 (en) | Semiconductor Device and Method | |
KR20160082463A (en) | Semiconductor device structure and method for forming the same | |
CN105990116A (en) | Method for manufacturing semiconductor element | |
US11158741B2 (en) | Nanostructure device and method | |
US7670932B2 (en) | MOS structures with contact projections for lower contact resistance and methods for fabricating the same | |
US9847392B1 (en) | Semiconductor device and method for fabricating the same | |
US20130175610A1 (en) | Transistor with stress enhanced channel and methods for fabrication | |
US10529861B2 (en) | FinFET structures and methods of forming the same | |
US20240113164A1 (en) | Film modification for gate cut process |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GLOBALFOUNDRIES, INC., CAYMAN ISLANDS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BOUCHE, GUILLAUME;KOH, SHAO MING;WAHL, JEREMY A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:036894/0218 Effective date: 20130827 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALSEPHINA INNOVATIONS INC., CANADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GLOBALFOUNDRIES INC.;REEL/FRAME:049709/0871 Effective date: 20181126 |