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US20160025395A1 - System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from hcfc to hfc refrigerant - Google Patents

System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from hcfc to hfc refrigerant Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160025395A1
US20160025395A1 US14/877,609 US201514877609A US2016025395A1 US 20160025395 A1 US20160025395 A1 US 20160025395A1 US 201514877609 A US201514877609 A US 201514877609A US 2016025395 A1 US2016025395 A1 US 2016025395A1
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hcfc
lubricant
hfc
refrigerant
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US9435575B2 (en
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Charles Harkins
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Hudson Technologies Inc
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Hudson Technologies Inc
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Priority to US15/255,826 priority patent/US10094603B2/en
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Priority to US16/153,642 priority patent/US20190178544A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/104—Carboxylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
    • C09K2205/43—Type R22
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/103—Containing Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/001—Charging refrigerant to a cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/007—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor characterised by the weighing of refrigerant or oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of refrigerants, refrigeration systems, and refrigeration system lubricants.
  • R-407C is an HFC refrigerant replacement for R-22, a HCFC refrigerant, in positive displacement systems such as new or existing residential and commercial air-conditioners and heat pumps.
  • R-407C offers similar performance to R-22 and can be used to retrofit existing R-22 air-conditioning and refrigeration systems.
  • R-407C is a mixture of hydrofluorocarbons used as a refrigerant. It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). R-32, R-125 and R-134a are present in the proportions 23%/25%/52% by weight (a ⁇ 2% tolerance is allowed for each of the components).
  • R-407A is a mixture of 20% R32, 40% R125, and 40% R-134a, and is therefore R-407A is similar in many respects to R407C.
  • Difluoromethane serves to provide the heat capacity, pentafluoroethane decreases flammability, tetrafluoroethane reduces pressure.
  • R-22 is chlorodifluoromethane.
  • lubricant Most compressors require a lubricant to protect internal moving parts.
  • the compressor manufacturer usually recommends the type of lubricant and proper viscosity that should be used to ensure acceptable operation and equipment durability. Recommendations are based on several criteria, which can include: lubricity; lubricant/refrigerant solubility; lubricant/refrigerant miscibility; compatibility with materials of construction; and thermal stability and compatibility with other lubricants. It is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for lubricants to be used with their equipment.
  • Lubricant return to the compressors is very important as well.
  • One factor that affects this is the liquid-phase lubricant/refrigerant miscibility, particularly at evaporator temperatures. Miscibility is the ability of two liquids to mix and form a single liquid phase.
  • the lubricant-refrigerant pair have sufficient miscibility or mutual solubility to allow the lubricant to flow with the liquid refrigerant and return to the compressor in a single phase. Even if the lubricant/refrigerant pair are not miscible (two liquid phases form) in the evaporator, they may still have some degree of solubility.
  • Solubility of refrigerant in lubricant lowers lubricant viscosity, which helps it flow through the evaporator and return to the compressor. This is why many refrigeration systems can operate properly, even though the lubricant and refrigerant are immiscible (yet partially soluble) at evaporation temperatures. Other factors, such as refrigerant vapor velocity and system geometry, play key roles in lubricant return. Overall, it is important to note that lubricant/refrigerant miscibility is helpful, but not necessarily essential for proper system operation.
  • R-22 and mineral oil are miscible over most of the expected ranges of operating conditions for normal air conditioning and high to medium temperature operation. Miscibility is generally believed to aid lubricant return to the compressor.
  • the miscibility of refrigerant and lubricant is determined by several factors: the relative amounts of refrigerant and lubricant present, the temperature, the chemical makeup of the lubricant and of the refrigerant, and the viscosity of the lubricant.
  • R-407C is miscible with polyol ester (POE) lubricant and immiscible with alkylbenzene and mineral oil lubricant.
  • POE polyol ester
  • Residual mineral oil or alkylbenzene left in a refrigeration system after a retrofit to any HFC refrigerant is performed is known to decrease the lubricant/refrigerant miscibility. This is one of the reasons why three oil changes are generally recommended when a system is being converted or retrofit to use HFC refrigerants and POE lubricants. Thus, a traditional recommendation is to replace all mineral oil or alkylbenzene lubricant with POE during a retrofit.
  • Emerson climate Technologies provided in 1995 & 2005 the following recommendations when conducting a changeover: “Copeland's only approved lubricants for use with R-407C are Polyol ester lubricants”; “Mineral oil lubricant, such as 3GS, cannot be used as the compressor lubricant. Copeland recommends the following lubricant choices: Polyol Ester (POE)”; “The mineral oil must be removed from the compressor crankcase. Hermetic compressors will have to be removed from the piping and the lubricant drained out through the suction stub.
  • POE Polyol Ester
  • Synthetic Lubricants Polyol Esters (POEs) and Polyvinyl Ethers (PVEs)
  • the present invention provides a premixed HFC refrigerant and compatible POE lubricant, e.g., in a transport container.
  • the amount of lubricant is selected to an amount between about 5% to 20% by weight of the refrigerant. Preferably, the amount is 8% by weight.
  • the amount of POE should be at least 10% of the total lubricant amount, with about 20% POE by weight of refrigerant representing the amount of POE in the absence of mineral oil.
  • the mixture is preferably provided in a transport container, typically DOT approved, such as a DOT-39 container.
  • a transport container typically DOT approved, such as a DOT-39 container.
  • the refrigerant-lubricant mixture is charged into the refrigeration system after recovery of the R-22 from the system, without special efforts to remove the mineral oil lubricant. Assuming that the residual mineral oil is 8-24% of the charge, and the mixed refrigerant includes 8% POE, the resulting mixture is about 25-50% of the total lubricant, and the resulting mixed lubricant is 16-32% of refrigerant charge.
  • the present technology provides a compromise amount of lubricant that is sufficient to provide a charge to a range of refrigeration systems to be retrofitted, without having to remove mineral oil already in the system, measure the amount of oil removed or infer the total amount, measure an amount of POE to be added to the system based on the actual amount of R-407C added to the system, or measuring mineral oil/POE ratios.
  • the container may be, for example, a 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 96, 123 pound or larger container.
  • the amount of lubricant may be, for example, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4, 8, or 10 pounds (8% lubricant). Bulk quantities may also be provided.
  • the amount of POE may be varied, for example, and may be about 5%, 6%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 12.5%, 15%, or the like.
  • the precision of measurement may be, for example. ⁇ 0.1%, ⁇ 0.2%, ⁇ 0.25%, ⁇ 0.3%, ⁇ 0.5%, ⁇ 0.75%, ⁇ 1%, or ⁇ 2%. Preferably, the precision is within ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the container may be a DOT 3, 3A, 3AA, 3AL, 3B, 3BN, 3E, 4B, 4BA, 4B240ET, 4BW, 4E, 39, steel drum, for example: DOT-3AL1800; DOT 4D; DOT-3; DOT-39; DOT-3A; DOT-3A1000; DOT-3A1200; DOT-3A150; DOT-3A1800; DOT-3A2000; DOT-3A225; DOT-3A240; DOT-3A2400; DOT-3A300; DOT-3A400; DOT-3A480; DOT-3A480X; DOT-3AA; DOT-3AA1000; DOT-3AA1200; DOT-3AA150; DOT-3AA1800; DOT-3AA2000; DOT-3AA225; DOT-3AA240; DOT-3AA2400; DOT-3AA300; DOT-3AA400; DOT-3AA480; DOT-3AAX1800; DOT-3AAX2000; DOT-3AAX2200; DOT
  • the preferred embodiment encompasses R-407C.
  • the proportion may be at least 2%, 3%, or 5% by weight and less than 25%, 20%, or 15% by weight, and preferably 8% by weight.
  • the POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.
  • the POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.
  • the POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.
  • the polyol ester lubricant may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially HFC.
  • Another object is to provide a method for retrofitting a system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to an HFC refrigerant compatible with a polyol ester lubricant, comprising: evacuating the HCFC from the system, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; and charging the refrigeration system with an HFC refrigerant mixed with a polyol ester lubricant in a predetermined ratio of 5-15% by weight.
  • a kit for retrofitting an HCFC refrigeration system having residual mineral oil lubricant, comprising: a transport container, containing an HFC refrigerant mixed polyol ester lubricant.
  • a kit is also provided for retrofitting an R-22 refrigeration system having residual mineral oil lubricant, comprising: a U.S. Department of Transportation certified transport container; and R-407C mixed with polyol ester lubricant.
  • the polyol ester lubricant may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight.
  • the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant may be a mineral oil lubricant.
  • the HCFC to be replaced may comprise R-22, R-401A, R-409A, R-401B, R-409B, R-402A, R-402B, R-403B, R-408A, R-502, and/or mixtures of HCFCs, for example as provided in Table 1.
  • the HFC may comprise R-134a, R-404A, R-407A, R-407C, R-407F, R-410A, R-417A, R-417B, R-422A, R-422B, R-422C, R-422D, R-424A, R-427A, R-428A, R-434A, R-438A, R-442A, and RS07A, or for example, other blends of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
  • Other HFCs or HFC blends, or HFC/HC blends, for example as provided in Table 1, may also be employed.
  • the HFC may be a zeotropic blend.
  • the refrigeration system after recharging may have a concentration of about 15-32% mixed lubricant, or a concentration of about 20-25% mixed lubricant, or a concentration of about 15-25% mixed lubricant, by weight.
  • the transport container may be U.S. Department of Transportation compliant, e.g., DOT-39.
  • the R-22 system which was design and manufactured optimally for R-22, and used a mineral oil lubricant, was retrofitted with R-407C.
  • the evacuated system was recharged with a premixed quantity of R-407C with 8% by weight POE oil. Since R-407C is charged in the liquid phase, all of the oil, and most of the R-407C was transferred to the system from a transport container, e.g., DOT-39.
  • the final POE concentration is estimated at 10-15% of the total oil in the system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

A system and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system containing an HCFC refrigerant and a compatible lubricant, with an HFC refrigerant, comprising providing a transport container containing a mixture of a miscible lubricant and the HFC refrigerant, removing the HCFC refrigerant from the refrigeration system while maintaining at least a portion of a lubricant immiscible with the HFC refrigerant, and charging the refrigeration system with the mixture. The polyol ester lubricant may be present in a range exceeding about 5-15% by weight, e.g., 8%.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • The present application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/744,776, filed Jun. 19, 2015, now pending, and is a 35 U.S.C. §371 national stage filing of PCT/US15/37689, filed Jun. 25, 2015, now pending, which each claim benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/032,129, filed Aug. 1, 2014 and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/017,530, filed Jun. 26, 2014, the entirety of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference
    • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to the field of refrigerants, refrigeration systems, and refrigeration system lubricants.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • R-407C is an HFC refrigerant replacement for R-22, a HCFC refrigerant, in positive displacement systems such as new or existing residential and commercial air-conditioners and heat pumps. R-407C offers similar performance to R-22 and can be used to retrofit existing R-22 air-conditioning and refrigeration systems.
  • R-407C is a mixture of hydrofluorocarbons used as a refrigerant. It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). R-32, R-125 and R-134a are present in the proportions 23%/25%/52% by weight (a ±2% tolerance is allowed for each of the components). R-407A is a mixture of 20% R32, 40% R125, and 40% R-134a, and is therefore R-407A is similar in many respects to R407C. Difluoromethane serves to provide the heat capacity, pentafluoroethane decreases flammability, tetrafluoroethane reduces pressure. R-22 is chlorodifluoromethane.
  • Most compressors require a lubricant to protect internal moving parts. The compressor manufacturer usually recommends the type of lubricant and proper viscosity that should be used to ensure acceptable operation and equipment durability. Recommendations are based on several criteria, which can include: lubricity; lubricant/refrigerant solubility; lubricant/refrigerant miscibility; compatibility with materials of construction; and thermal stability and compatibility with other lubricants. It is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for lubricants to be used with their equipment.
  • Lubricant return to the compressors is very important as well. One factor that affects this is the liquid-phase lubricant/refrigerant miscibility, particularly at evaporator temperatures. Miscibility is the ability of two liquids to mix and form a single liquid phase. Ideally, the lubricant-refrigerant pair have sufficient miscibility or mutual solubility to allow the lubricant to flow with the liquid refrigerant and return to the compressor in a single phase. Even if the lubricant/refrigerant pair are not miscible (two liquid phases form) in the evaporator, they may still have some degree of solubility. Solubility of refrigerant in lubricant lowers lubricant viscosity, which helps it flow through the evaporator and return to the compressor. This is why many refrigeration systems can operate properly, even though the lubricant and refrigerant are immiscible (yet partially soluble) at evaporation temperatures. Other factors, such as refrigerant vapor velocity and system geometry, play key roles in lubricant return. Overall, it is important to note that lubricant/refrigerant miscibility is helpful, but not necessarily essential for proper system operation.
  • In general, R-22 and mineral oil are miscible over most of the expected ranges of operating conditions for normal air conditioning and high to medium temperature operation. Miscibility is generally believed to aid lubricant return to the compressor. The miscibility of refrigerant and lubricant is determined by several factors: the relative amounts of refrigerant and lubricant present, the temperature, the chemical makeup of the lubricant and of the refrigerant, and the viscosity of the lubricant.
  • Therefore, it may be desirable in a retrofit of an existing system of this type to use a miscible lubricant, such as polyol ester lubricant, with R-407C refrigerant. In general, R-407C is miscible with polyol ester (POE) lubricant and immiscible with alkylbenzene and mineral oil lubricant.
  • Residual mineral oil or alkylbenzene left in a refrigeration system after a retrofit to any HFC refrigerant is performed is known to decrease the lubricant/refrigerant miscibility. This is one of the reasons why three oil changes are generally recommended when a system is being converted or retrofit to use HFC refrigerants and POE lubricants. Thus, a traditional recommendation is to replace all mineral oil or alkylbenzene lubricant with POE during a retrofit.
  • Emerson Climate Technologies (Copeland®) provided in 1995 & 2005 the following recommendations when conducting a changeover: “Copeland's only approved lubricants for use with R-407C are Polyol ester lubricants”; “Mineral oil lubricant, such as 3GS, cannot be used as the compressor lubricant. Copeland recommends the following lubricant choices: Polyol Ester (POE)”; “The mineral oil must be removed from the compressor crankcase. Hermetic compressors will have to be removed from the piping and the lubricant drained out through the suction stub. It is advisable to do an acid test on the lubricant removed”; “Those systems that have oil separators, oil reservoirs, oil floats and suction line accumulators must have the oil drained from them. If the liquid control device is going to be replaced, it is advisable that the suction line, liquid line, and evaporator coil be blown clean using properly regulated dry nitrogen”; “POEs are very hygroscopic. They will very quickly absorb moisture from the air once the container is opened Once the lubricant is added to the compressor, the compressor should be quickly installed. Like an open container, an open compressor with POE will absorb moisture. Add the correct amount of lubricant to the compressor. On systems using enhanced surfaces in the heat exchanger, excessive mineral oil can adversely effect the heat transfer due to logging. Therefore, it is desirable to have no more than one percent mineral oil in systems employing these types surfaces.” lvhvac.com/cope_bulletins/95-14.pdf.
  • Dupont (2004) advises that no more than 5% mineral oil remain in the refrigeration system after a changeover from R-22 to R-407C. (www2.dupont.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/h70004_Suva407C_retrofit_guide.pdf)
  • Similarly, Tecumseh advised in 2009 (www.air-innovations.nl/web/pdf/GUIDELINES-FOR-UTILIZATION-OF-R407C.pdf):
  • Synthetic Lubricants: Polyol Esters (POEs) and Polyvinyl Ethers (PVEs)
  • A) Miscibility
      • 1. Miscibility is the ability of the lubricant and the refrigerant to mix. This miscibility is a very important factor in providing proper heat transfer and in returning lubricant to the compressor in a refrigeration system over its range of operating temperatures.
      • 2. R407C and Mineral oils (MO) are not miscible
      • 3. Polyol Ester (POE) as well as Polyvinyl Ether (PVE) oils and R407C are miscible.
      • 4. R407C and Synthetic Alkylate (SA) oils are partially miscible . . . .
  • C) Compatibility . . .
      • 2. While polyol ester and polyvinyl ether oils are compatible with mineral oils, they should not be indiscriminately mixed with mineral oils in R407C refrigerant systems. This practice could result in the inability of the oil to return to the compressor and/or reduce heat transfer performance in the evaporator. However, small amounts up to 5% of mineral oil are acceptable in field retrofit situations (1% or less is preferred).
  • Ennio Campagna et al., “The Use of R-407C: Applications and Guidelines”, makina.beun.edu.tr/eskisite/akademik_kadro/meyriboyun/mak723/The_Use_of R-407C.pdf, states:
  • 1) General Considerations for HFC Refrigerants
      • Systems which use R407C normally have compressors charged with a miscible lubricant such as POE (polyolester). There are many manufacturers and grades of these lubricants. R-407C is generally not used with mineral or alkyl-benzene (i.e. hydrocarbon based) oils as the miscibility is not adequate to ensure satisfactory oil return to the compressor. It is very important that, when servicing a system and oil is needed, the correct oil be used. Seek guidance from the system or compressor manufacturer on which specific oil to use in a maintenance situation.
      • * * *
      • b) System contamination with mineral oils, or with R22, can have a serious effect on performance and system reliability. Systems which use enhanced tube heat exchangers (evaporators and condensers) are particularly vulnerable to performance degradation arising from the presence of HC based oils. It is strongly recommended that dedicated service gauge sets are used for R407C to prevent inadvertent contamination.
  • Similarly, Herronhill provides general guidelines to assist in the replacement of R22 condensing units with equivalent R407C units (2004, www.heronhill.co.uk/technical-information/40/converting-r22-systems-to-r407c), stating “Condensing units built and supplied by IMI Air Conditioning Ltd. (now Marstair Ltd) before 1999, for use with R22 will contain mineral oil. R407C units will contain polyolester oil (POE). Check the compressor label to confirm the type of oil in the system. For safe system operation it is essential to remove the mineral oil from the existing system, as R407C is not compatible with mineral oil. On completion of the change over the concentration of mineral oil remaining in the system should not exceed 5% of the total oil charge.
  • Sundaresan, S. G.; Pate, M. B.; Doerr, T. M.; and Ray, D. T., “A Comparison of the Effects of POE and Mineral Oil Lubricants on the In-Tube Evaporation of R-22, R-407C and R-410A” (1996). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 322. docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/322, describe tests on the heat transfer efficiency of R-22, R-407C and R-410A on smooth and fined tubes, when neat, mixed with mineral oil, and when mixed with POE oil. POE-mineral oil mixtures were not tested. The heat transfer efficiency was higher for R-407C mixed with POE than with mineral oil.
  • Some more recent consideration of the choice or lubricant considers mixtures of lubricants, including mineral oil (MO) and polyol esters (POE). For example, The News, (Peter Powell, Dec. 3, 2012, www.achrnews.com/articles/print/121529-retrofit-round-up-plenty-of-options) states:
  • Retrofit Round-Up: Plenty of Options
      • Because no one HFC refrigerant can be retrofitted efficiently into the entire range of R-22 equipment, a wide and sometimes changing variety of HFCs have entered the market. The NEWS contacted a number of refrigerant manufacturers asking them to discuss some of their most popular HFCs for R-22 retrofits, the range of applications, and servicing tips.
      • While this can provide a guideline, The NEWS urges readers to contact refrigerant manufacturers directly to discuss the specific R-22 system being considered for retrofit and what HFC refrigerants might best work in such applications. This listing is in alphanumerical order according to ASHRAE designations.
  • R-407A
      • Gus Rolotti, technical marketing director of Arkema's North American fluorochemicals business, described R-407A as a refrigerant for low- and medium-temp refrigeration. “Both R-407A and R-407C are well proven in the industry and provide good performance coupled with a lower GWP. They require the use of a POE oil.” Because of that, there needs to be a changeout of the mineral oil in an existing R-22 system.
      • Noted Rolotti, “First, fix any leaks and identify components that may need to be replaced or fixed. Recover the R-22 completely, repair/replace any components as identified earlier and pull the system into a deep vacuum. Remove the required amount of mineral oil either by flushing with an external agent or using the R-22 from the system. Once most of the mineral oil is removed, replace it with POE oil and pull the system into a deep vacuum again. Refill with the appropriate amount of the retrofit refrigerant and run the system to set up controls and operating conditions. It is recommended that the filter drier is always replaced when the system is opened to ensure that there is fresh desiccant available to dry the system.”
  • R-407C
      • Arkema's Rolotti considers R-407C a choice for air conditioning. Retrofit procedures are similar to those with R-407A refrigerant.
      • In his comments regarding R-407C, Ron Vogl, technical marketing manager for Honeywell Refrigerants, described it as a choice for residential and light commercial a/c applications. The retrofit process for R-407C, he said, involves recovering R-22. Then, regarding oil, Vogl said, “POE is recommended. If existing MO is used, the addition of some POE to the system is required for proper oil return.” The use of the refrigerant requires a minimum of 20 percent POE for close-coupled a/c systems with no liquid receivers. No TXV change required, but minor adjustments may be needed. Replace any O-rings, seals, and other elastomers used in the system. In most air conditioning and heat pump systems this only applies to the Schrader valve seal and cap seal material. The next step is to evacuate and recharge. (Pounds of 407C=pounds of original refrigerant×70.6 divided by 73.9.) Then adjust system safety and operating controls; label system indicating refrigerant and charged lubricant.
  • National Refrigerants, states (date unknown, www.nationalref.com/pdf/R22_Alternatives.pdf):
      • Will the blends work with mineral oil?
      • HFC Refrigerants with Mineral Oil
      • They don't mix so the mineral oil will form a separate layer in the receiver or other high-side liquid hold up.
      • Mineral Oil will remain thick on the low side and not be returned back to the compressor.
      • Will the blends work with mineral oil?
      • Hydrocarbons (HC) in Blends
      • HC soaks into mineral oil and thins it so it will circulate easily around the system.
      • The thinned mineral oil will move easily on the low side.
      • The mineral oil/HC mixture will still not mix with liquid HFC on the high side of the system. A layer of oil will still form in the receiver or other liquid hold-up.
  • Partial POE Retrofit
      • Some amount of mineral oil is replaced with POE (does not require 3 flushes or less than 5% mineral oil).
      • The POE mixes well with the mineral oil, and the resulting mixture dissolves somewhat into liquid HFC.
      • The oil mixture will be carried by the liquid HFC out of the receiver.
      • National Refrigerants testing has shown that as little as 10% POE in mineral oil will circulate as much as an older compressor will pump out into a system.
      • These tests have also shown that there is very little difference in oil solubility with all of the blends on the market, regardless of the hydrocarbon content in the blend. Partial POE works with all of the blends, but hydrocarbons do not appear to help with liquid solubility of mineral oil with HFCs.
  • Therefore, there has been some evolution as to whether mineral oil can remain in the refrigeration system after a retrofit, with the permissible proportion of mineral oil increasing. In particular, National Refrigerants proposes a partial POE retrofit, with greater than 5% mineral oil remaining. However, the existing recommendations appear to require empirical testing for cases other than less than 5% mineral oil remaining.
  • See, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,834,748; 2,846,458; 2,889,379; 2,917,480; 2,931,840; 2,970,988; 3,085,918; 3,384,828; 3,723,318; 3,884,828; 4,138,855; 4,198,313; 4,272,960; 4,465,786; 4,482,465; 4,788,352; 4,798,818; 4,810,403; 4,941,986; 4,944,890; 5,026,497; 5,053,155; 5,080,823; 5,108,637; 5,182,040; 5,227,245; 5,304,320; 5,318,716; 5,360,566; 5,370,812; 5,387,357; 5,417,871; 5,425,890; 5,458,798; 5,616,275; 5,622,644; 5,624,596; 5,626,790; 5,648,017; 5,672,293; 5,685,163; 5,714,083; 5,785,883; 5,788,886; 5,811,603; 5,968,406; 6,025,532; 6,106,740; 6,111,150; 6,117,356; 6,235,951; 6,258,292; 6,316,681; 6,374,629; 6,426,019; 6,516,837; 6,526,764; 6,589,355; 6,604,368; 6,606,868; 6,629,419; 6,673,976; 6,783,691; 6,858,571; 6,991,743; 7,238,299; 7,279,451; 7,341,984; 7,442,321; 7,465,698; 7,524,805; 7,629,306; 7,767,638; 7,825,081; 7,829,748; 7,833,433; 7,846,355; 7,862,742; 7,972,528; 8,008,244; 8,053,404; 8,101,672; 8,148,317; 8,444,874; 8,465,664; 8,551,354; 8,557,136; U.S. Published Patent Application Nos. 20020046568; 20030042463; 20040089839; 20040119047; 20040127383; 20040256594; 20050233923; 20050233931; 20050233932; 20050245421; 20050247905; 20060019857; 20060025322; 20060043331; 20060058560; 20060243944; 20060243945; 20070007488; 20070010592; 20070069175; 20070108403; 20070210275; 20070210276; 20070290163; 20070290177; 20080069177; 20080075673; 20080099190; 20080121837; 20080171652; 20080230738; 20080308763; 20080314073; 20090041677; 20090053695; 20090120619; 20090158771; 20090224199; 20090242828; 20090253820; 20090278076; 20090285764; 20090302285; 20090305876; 20100025619; 20100044619; 20100048961; 20100075046; 20100122545; 20100127209; 20100200798; 20110162410; 20110226983; 20110289748; 20120138846; 20120187331; 20120312048; 20130075063; 20130119299; 20130126776; 20130126777; 20130126778; CN101864276; CN95117074; DE4116274; EP0398147; EP0430169; EP0509673; EP0539952; EP0565265; EP0582451; EP0608164; EP0659862; EP0720639; EP0779352; EP0974571; EP1167894; EP1193305; EP1716216; EP1832640; EP1985680; EP2036943; EP2149592; EP2246649; EP2249104; GB2007000746; GB2435747; GB2440258; JP4110388; RU2073058; WO1998050331; WO2004037752; WO2004037913; WO2005042663; WO2005083028; WO2005103190; WO2005103191; WO2005103192; WO2005105947; WO2005108522; WO2005108523; WO2006094303; WO2007002625; WO2007035697; WO2007053697; WO2007099350; WO2007109748; WO2008027555; WO2008065011; WO2008076272; WO2008121776; WO2008121783; WO2008121785; WO2009047535; WO2009114397; WO2009134957; WO2009151669; WO2010000993; WO2010000994; WO2010002020; WO2010002023; WO2010056695; WO2010059677; WO2010065005; WO2010075046; WO2010088320; WO2010119265; WO2011019350; each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention provides a premixed HFC refrigerant and compatible POE lubricant, e.g., in a transport container. The amount of lubricant is selected to an amount between about 5% to 20% by weight of the refrigerant. Preferably, the amount is 8% by weight.
  • The amount of POE should be at least 10% of the total lubricant amount, with about 20% POE by weight of refrigerant representing the amount of POE in the absence of mineral oil.
  • The mixture is preferably provided in a transport container, typically DOT approved, such as a DOT-39 container.
  • The refrigerant-lubricant mixture is charged into the refrigeration system after recovery of the R-22 from the system, without special efforts to remove the mineral oil lubricant. Assuming that the residual mineral oil is 8-24% of the charge, and the mixed refrigerant includes 8% POE, the resulting mixture is about 25-50% of the total lubricant, and the resulting mixed lubricant is 16-32% of refrigerant charge. Therefore, the present technology provides a compromise amount of lubricant that is sufficient to provide a charge to a range of refrigeration systems to be retrofitted, without having to remove mineral oil already in the system, measure the amount of oil removed or infer the total amount, measure an amount of POE to be added to the system based on the actual amount of R-407C added to the system, or measuring mineral oil/POE ratios.
  • Therefore, the present technologies vastly simplify the process for retrofitting, while achieving good results. Indeed, preliminary tests show that the efficiency of an R-22 air conditioning system is improved after the retrofitting, a surprising result given that the system itself is optimized for R-22 and mineral oil.
  • The container may be, for example, a 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 96, 123 pound or larger container. The amount of lubricant may be, for example, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4, 8, or 10 pounds (8% lubricant). Bulk quantities may also be provided.
  • The amount of POE may be varied, for example, and may be about 5%, 6%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 12.5%, 15%, or the like. The precision of measurement may be, for example. ±0.1%, ±0.2%, ±0.25%, ±0.3%, ±0.5%, ±0.75%, ±1%, or ±2%. Preferably, the precision is within ±0.5%.
  • The container may be a DOT 3, 3A, 3AA, 3AL, 3B, 3BN, 3E, 4B, 4BA, 4B240ET, 4BW, 4E, 39, steel drum, for example: DOT-3AL1800; DOT 4D; DOT-3; DOT-39; DOT-3A; DOT-3A1000; DOT-3A1200; DOT-3A150; DOT-3A1800; DOT-3A2000; DOT-3A225; DOT-3A240; DOT-3A2400; DOT-3A300; DOT-3A400; DOT-3A480; DOT-3A480X; DOT-3AA; DOT-3AA1000; DOT-3AA1200; DOT-3AA150; DOT-3AA1800; DOT-3AA2000; DOT-3AA225; DOT-3AA240; DOT-3AA2400; DOT-3AA300; DOT-3AA400; DOT-3AA480; DOT-3AAX1800; DOT-3AAX2000; DOT-3AAX2200; DOT-3AAX2400; DOT-3AL; DOT-3AL1000; DOT-3AL150; DOT-3AL1800; DOT-3AL2000; DOT-3AL225; DOT-3AL240; DOT-3AL2400; DOT-3AL400; DOT-3AL480; DOT-3AX1800; DOT-3AX2000; DOT-3AX2200; DOT-3AX2400; DOT-3B; DOT-3B150; DOT-3B1800; DOT-3B225; DOT-3B240; DOT-3B300; DOT-3B400; DOT-3BN400; DOT-3BN480; DOT-3E1800; DOT-3HT; DOT-3HT2000; DOT-3T1800; DOT-3T2000; DOT-3T2200; DOT-3T2400; DOT-4A; DOT-4AA480; DOT-4B; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B225; DOT-4B240; DOT-4B240ET; DOT-4B300; DOT-4B400; DOT-4B480; DOT-4BA; DOT-4BA225; DOT-4BA240; DOT-4BA300; DOT-4BA400; DOT-4BW; DOT-4BW225; DOT-4BW240; DOT-4BW300; DOT-4BW400; DOT-4BW480; DOT-4DA; DOT-4DS; DOT-4E225; DOT-4E240; DOT-4L; DOT-AAX2400; and ICC-3E1800.
  • The preferred embodiment encompasses R-407C. However, the method is more generally directed to a retrofitting of systems employing a range of refrigerants that generally require mineral oil, alkane or alkylbenzene lubricants (CFC, PCC, HCC, HCFC, CFO, HCFO), with refrigerants that generally require polymeric or oxygenated lubricants, e.g., POE, PVE (HFC, PFO) (CFC=Chlorofluorocarbon, CFO=Chlorofluoroolefin, HCFC=Hydrochlorofluorocarbon, HCFO=Hydrochlorofluoroolefin, HFC=Hydrofluorocarbon, HFO=Hydrofluoroolefin, PCC=Perchlorocarbon). See Table 1, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refrigerants.
  • It is therefore an object to provide a transportable container for charging a refrigerant system, having a charging port, containing a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and a compatible HFC refrigerant in a predetermined proportion. The proportion may be at least 2%, 3%, or 5% by weight and less than 25%, 20%, or 15% by weight, and preferably 8% by weight.
  • It is another object to provide a composition for retrofitting an R-22 refrigeration system, comprising POE and R-407C. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.
  • It is a further object to provide a method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from R-22 refrigerant to R-407C refrigerant, comprising evacuating the R-22 refrigerant from the refrigeration system while maintaining at least 25% of the lubricant, wherein the lubricant is not POE, and adding a premixture of POE mixed in R-407C to charge the refrigeration system. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.
  • It is a still further object to provide a retrofit kit for an R-22 refrigeration system, comprising a DOT-approved transport container for R-407C containing a mixture of R-407C and POE, and at least one replacement seal compatible with R-407C. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.
  • It is a still further object to provide a method for retrofitting a hermetically sealed refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to a HFC refrigerant compatible with polyol ester lubricant, comprising: providing a transport container containing the HFC refrigerant mixed with polyol ester lubricant; withdrawing the HCFC from within the refrigeration system through a charge-discharge port, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; and charging the refrigeration system from the transport container with the HFC mixed with the polyol ester lubricant. The polyol ester lubricant may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially HFC.
  • Another object is to provide a method for retrofitting a system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to an HFC refrigerant compatible with a polyol ester lubricant, comprising: evacuating the HCFC from the system, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; and charging the refrigeration system with an HFC refrigerant mixed with a polyol ester lubricant in a predetermined ratio of 5-15% by weight.
  • A kit is provided for retrofitting an HCFC refrigeration system having residual mineral oil lubricant, comprising: a transport container, containing an HFC refrigerant mixed polyol ester lubricant. A kit is also provided for retrofitting an R-22 refrigeration system having residual mineral oil lubricant, comprising: a U.S. Department of Transportation certified transport container; and R-407C mixed with polyol ester lubricant. The polyol ester lubricant may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight. The mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant may be a mineral oil lubricant.
  • The HCFC to be replaced may comprise R-22, R-401A, R-409A, R-401B, R-409B, R-402A, R-402B, R-403B, R-408A, R-502, and/or mixtures of HCFCs, for example as provided in Table 1.
  • The HFC may comprise R-134a, R-404A, R-407A, R-407C, R-407F, R-410A, R-417A, R-417B, R-422A, R-422B, R-422C, R-422D, R-424A, R-427A, R-428A, R-434A, R-438A, R-442A, and RS07A, or for example, other blends of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). Other HFCs or HFC blends, or HFC/HC blends, for example as provided in Table 1, may also be employed. The HFC may be a zeotropic blend.
  • The refrigeration system after recharging may have a concentration of about 15-32% mixed lubricant, or a concentration of about 20-25% mixed lubricant, or a concentration of about 15-25% mixed lubricant, by weight.
  • The transport container may be U.S. Department of Transportation compliant, e.g., DOT-39.
  • The metrics recited herein are intended to be interpreted according to common understanding and usage among those skilled in the art of refrigerant manufacture, distribution, and refrigeration system maintenance.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Example 1
  • A test was conducted of a residential air conditioning unit to determine the results of retrofitting an R-22 system with R-407C. In the test, the R-22 system, which was design and manufactured optimally for R-22, and used a mineral oil lubricant, was retrofitted with R-407C.
  • Instead of removing all of the mineral oil in the system, and replacing it with a defined amount of POE oil, which is required for R-407C, the R-22 was removed, and the residual mineral oil allowed to remain.
  • The evacuated system was recharged with a premixed quantity of R-407C with 8% by weight POE oil. Since R-407C is charged in the liquid phase, all of the oil, and most of the R-407C was transferred to the system from a transport container, e.g., DOT-39. The final POE concentration is estimated at 10-15% of the total oil in the system.
  • Prior to retrofitting, system was run for 13 hours over two days with the R-22 to collect the baseline data. The R-22 was then evacuated, and charged with R-407C to about 85% of the R-22 charge. The retrofitted refrigeration system with R-407C was then run for 91 hours.
  • The operating temperatures for R-22 (>86 F and <86 F) and R-407C (<86 F) were not the same, so performance measurements are not directly comparable, but the results support a conclusion that the R-407C does not degrade system efficiency performance.
  • Therefore, despite the various unknowns, including the amount of mineral oil remaining in the system, migration characteristics of the mixed lubricants around the system, the impact of the various lubricant phases on compressor lubrication, the operation of the system with R-407C was improved over the R-22 implementation.
    • Comparative Example 1
  • See: www.honeywell-refrigerants.com/india/?document=guide-to-retrofitting-ac-systems-from-r-22-to-r-422d-or-r-407c&download=1; www.honeywell.com/sites/servlet/com.merx.npoint.servlets.DocumentServlet?docid=DB0284B 88-942E-B0A5-4028-CAFB85BB40AB, which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
    • Comparative Example 2
  • See: www2.dupont.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/h70004_Suva407C_retrofit_guide.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
    • Comparative Example 3
  • See: opi.emersonclimate.com/CPID/GRAPHICS/Types/AEB/95-14.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
    • Comparative Example 4
  • See: www.refrigerants.com/pdf/Nat-R407Broch.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
    • Comparative Example 5
  • See: neilorme.com/Tecumseh %20Guidelines %20R407c.shtml, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
    • Comparative Example 6
  • See: www.bristolcompressors.com/files/1313/5464/2815/application_bulletin—124.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
    • Comparative Example 7
  • See: americas.forane.com/export/sites/forane-americas/.content/medias/downloads/literature/forane-technical-digest.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
  • Although the present system and/or approach has been described with respect to at least one illustrative example, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification. It is therefore the intention that the appended claims be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the related art to include all such variations and modifications.
  • TABLE 1
    ASHRAE Molecular
    Type Number IUPAC Name Formula CAS Number
    CFC R-211 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloro-3- C3FCl7 422-78-6
    fluoropropane
    CFC R-112a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2- C2F2Cl4 76-11-9
    difluoroethane
    CFC R-213 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2,3- C3F3Cl5 6/5/2354
    trifluoropropane
    CFC R-215 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3,3- C3F5Cl3 4259-43-2
    pentafluoropropane
    CFC R-113a 1,1,1-Trichlorotrifluoroethane C2F3Cl3 354-58-5
    CFC R-112 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2- C2F2Cl4 76-12-0
    difluoroethane
    CFC R-113 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane C2F3Cl3 76-13-1
    CFC R-114a 1,1-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C2F4Cl2 374-07-2
    CFC R-214 1,2,2,3-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3- C3F4Cl4 2268-46-4
    tetrafluoropropane
    CFC R-216 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3,3- C3F6Cl2 661-97-2
    hexafluoropropane
    CFC R-114 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C2F4Cl2 76-14-2
    CFC R-216ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3- C3F6Cl2 662-01-1
    hexafluoropropane
    CFC R-217 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,3- C3F7Cl 422-86-6
    heptafluoropropane
    CFC R-217ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3- C3F7Cl 76-18-6
    heptafluoropropane
    CFC R-C317 Chloroheptafluorocyclobutane C4ClF7 377-41-3
    CFC R-115 Chloropentafluoroethane C2F5Cl 76-15-3
    CFC R-13 Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3 75-72-9
    CFC R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2 75-71-8
    CFC R-C316 Dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane C4Cl2F6 356-18-3
    CFC R-212 Hexachlorodifluoropropane C3F2Cl6 76546-99-3
    CFC R-111 Pentachlorofluoroethane C2FCl5 354-56-3
    CFC R-400 R-/114(50/50 wt %) OR 50% CCl2F2•50%
    (60/40)(must be specified) C2F4Cl2 OR
    60% CCl2F2•40%
    C2F4Cl2
    CFC R-11 Trichlorofluoromethane CCl3F 75-69-4
    CFO R-1112a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene C2Cl2F2 79-35-6
    CFO R-1113 Chlorotrifluoroethylene C2ClF3 79-38-9
    HCC R-130a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4 630-20-6
    HCC R-140a 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl C2H3Cl3 or 71-55-6
    chloroform) CH3CCl3
    HCC R-130 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4 79-34-5
    HCC R-140 1,1,2-Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3 79-00-5
    HCC R-150a 1,1-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 75-34-3
    HCC R-150 1,2-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 107-06-2
    HCC R-160 Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) C2H5Cl 75-00-3
    HCC R-20 Chloroform (Trichloromethane) CHCl3 67-66-3
    HCC R-40 Chloromethane CH3Cl 74-87-3
    HCC R-30 Dichloromethane (Methylene CH2Cl2 75-09-2
    chloride)
    HCC R-120 Pentachloroethane C2HCl5 76-01-7
    HCFC R-221 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexachloro-3- C3HFCl6 422-26-4
    fluoropropane
    HCFC R-121a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane C2HFCl4 354-11-0
    HCFC R-222c 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2- C3HF2Cl5 422-49-1
    difluoropropane
    HCFC R-223cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2,3- C3HF3Cl4 422-50-4
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-232cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2- C3H2F2Cl4 677-54-3
    difluoropropane
    HCFC R-224cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3- C3HF4Cl3 422-51-5
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-233cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3- C3H2F3Cl3 131211-71-7
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-122b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3 354-12-1
    HCFC R-131b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3 2366-36-1
    HCFC R-121 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane C2HFCl4 354-14-3
    HCFC R-122a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3 354-15-4
    HCFC R-131a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3 811-95-0
    HCFC R-122 1,1,2-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3 354-21-2
    HCFC R-131 1,1,2-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3 359-28-4
    HCFC R-223ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-1,2,2- C3HF3Cl4 422-52-6
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-232ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-2,2- C3H2F2Cl4 1112-14-7
    difluoropropane
    HCFC R-224cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2,3- C3HF4Cl3 422-53-7
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-233cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2- C3H2F3Cl3 421-99-8
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-233ca 1,1,3-Trichloro-2,2,3- C3H2F3Cl3 131221-36-8
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-225cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3,3- C3HF5Cl2 13474-88-9
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-234cd 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3- C3H2F4Cl2 70192-63-1
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-123b 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2 812-04-4
    HCFC R-243cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2- C3H3F3Cl2 7125-99-7
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-225eb 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,3,3,3- C3HF5Cl2 111512-56-2
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-132c 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 1842-05-3
    HCFC R-252ec 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2
    HCFC R-234fb 1,1-Dichloro-1,3,3,3- C3H2F4Cl2 64712-27-2
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-141b 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2 1717-00-6
    HCFC R-234cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3,3- C3H2F4Cl2 1/6/4071
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-243cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3- C3H3F3Cl2 70192-70-0
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-132a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 471-43-2
    HCFC R-252cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2 1112-01-2
    HCFC R-141a 1,1-Dichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2 430-53-5
    HCFC R-225bb 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3- C3HF5Cl2 422-44-6
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-234bc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3- C3H2F4Cl2 149329-26-0
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-123a 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2 354-23-4
    HCFC R-225da 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3,3- C3HF5Cl2 431-86-7
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-132b 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 1649-08-7
    HCFC R-252dc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2
    HCFC R-234ba 1,2-Dichloro-1,2,3,3- C3H2F4Cl2 425-94-5
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-141 1,2-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2 430-57-9
    HCFC R-261ba 1,2-Dichloro-2-fluoropropane C3H5FCl2 420-97-3
    HCFC R-224ca 1,3,3-Trichloro-1,1,2,2- C3HF4Cl3 422-54-8
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-225cb 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3- C3HF5Cl2 507-55-1
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-234cc 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2- C3H2F4Cl2 422-00-5
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-225ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3- C3HF5Cl2 136013-79-1
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-243ec 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2- C3H3F3Cl2 149329-27-1
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-234fa 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,3,3- C3H2F4Cl2 76140-39-1
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-234ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2,3- C3H2F4Cl2 70341-81-0
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-243ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2- C3H3F3Cl2 67406-68-2
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-243ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,3- C3H3F3Cl2 151771-08-3
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-252ca 1,3-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2 1112-36-3
    HCFC R-226cb 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3- C3HF6Cl 422-55-9
    hexafluoropropane
    HCFC R-235cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3- C3H2F5Cl 679-99-2
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-124a 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C2HF4Cl 354-25-6
    HCFC R-244cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2- C3H3F4Cl 421-75-0
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-226ea 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3,3,3- C3HF6Cl 359-58-0
    hexafluoropropane
    HCFC R-244ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3- C3H3F4Cl
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-133b 1-Chloro-1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl 421-04-5
    HCFC R-253ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
    HCFC R-235fa 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3,3- C3H2F5Cl 677-55-4
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-244fb 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3- C3H3F4Cl 2730-64-5
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-253fc 1-Chloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
    HCFC R-142b 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane C2H3F2Cl 75-68-3
    HCFC R-235ca 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3,3- C3H2F5Cl 28103-66-4
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-244cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3- C3H3F4Cl 67406-66-0
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-133 1-Chloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl 431-07-2
    HCFC R-253cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 70192-76-6
    HCFC R-253eb 1-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
    HCFC R-142a 1-Chloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2H3F2Cl 25497-29-4
    HCFC R-262fb 1-Chloro-1,3-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl
    HCFC R-151a 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethane C2H4ClF 1615-75-4
    HCFC R-271fb 1-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C3H6FCl
    HCFC R-133a 1-Chloro-2,2,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl 75-88-7
    HCFC R-253ca 1-Chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 56758-54-4
    HCFC R-262ca 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl 420-99-5
    HCFC R-225aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3,3- C3HF5Cl2 128903-21-9
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-234ab 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3- C3H2F4Cl2 149329-24-8
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-123 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2 306-83-2
    HCFC R-234aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3- C3H2F4Cl2 17705-30-5
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-225ba 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,3- C3HF5Cl2 422-48-0
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-234bb 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2- C3H2F4Cl2 149329-25-9
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-234da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,3- C3H2F4Cl2 146916-90-7
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-243da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1- C3H3F3Cl2 338-75-0
    trifluoropropane
    HCFC R-226ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3- C3HF6Cl 51346-64-6
    hexafluoropropane
    HCFC R-124 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane C2HF4Cl 2837-89-0
    HCFC R-244bb 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2- C3H3F4Cl 421-73-8
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-226da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3- C3HF6Cl 431-87-8
    hexafluoropropane
    HCFC R-235da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3- C3H2F5Cl 134251-06-2
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-244db 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3- C3H3F4Cl 117970-90-8
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-253bb 2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
    HCFC R-244da 2-Chloro-1,1,3,3- C3H3F4Cl 19041-02-2
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-244ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3,3- C3H3F4Cl
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-253ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
    HCFC R-271d 2-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C3H6FCl
    HCFC R-271b 2-Chloro-2-fluoropropane C3H6FCl 420-44-0
    HCFC R-225ca 3,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,2- C3HF5Cl2 422-56-0
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-226ca 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,2,3- C3HF6Cl 422-57-1
    hexafluoropropane
    HCFC R-235cb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3- C3H2F5Cl 422-02-6
    pentafluoropropane
    HCFC R-244eb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2- C3H3F4Cl
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-244fa 3-Chloro-1,1,1,3- C3H3F4Cl
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-253fb 3-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 460-35-5
    HCFC R-244ca 3-Chloro-1,1,2,2- C3H3F4Cl 679-85-6
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-244ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2,3- C3H3F4Cl
    tetrafluoropropane
    HCFC R-253ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
    HCFC R-262fa 3-Chloro-1,1-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl
    HCFC R-253fa 3-Chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
    HCFC R-142 Chlorodifluoroethane C2H3F2Cl 25497-29-4
    HCFC R-22 Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2 75-45-6
    HCFC R-262 Chlorodifluoropropane C3H5F2Cl 134190-53-7
    HCFC R-151 Chlorofluoroethane C2H4ClF 110587-14-9
    HCFC R-31 Chlorofluoromethane CH2FCl 593-70-4
    HCFC R-271 Chlorofluoropropane C3H6FCl 134190-54-8
    HCFC R-226 Chlorohexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl 134308-72-8
    HCFC R-235 Chloropentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl 134237-41-5
    HCFC R-244 Chlorotetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 134190-50-4
    HCFC R-253 Chlorotrifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 134237-44-8
    HCFC R-132 Dichlorodifluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 25915-78-0
    HCFC R-252 Dichlorodifluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2 134190-52-6
    HCFC R-21 Dichlorofluoromethane CHFCl2 75-43-4
    HCFC R-261 Dichlorofluoropropane C3H5FCl2 134237-45-9
    HCFC R-225 Dichloropentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 127564-92-5
    HCFC R-234 Dichlorotetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 127564-83-4
    HCFC R-243 Dichlorotrifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2 134237-43-7
    HCFC R-222 Pentachlorodifluoropropane C3HF2Cl5 134237-36-8
    HCFC R-231 Pentachlorofluoropropane C3H2FCl5 134190-48-0
    HCFC R-500 R-/152a (73.8/26.2) 73.8% CCl2F2•26.2% Carrene #7[2]
    C2H4F2
    HCFC R-505 R-/31 (78/22) 78% CCl2F2•22%
    CH2FCl
    HCFC R-408A R-/143a/22 (7 ± 2/46 ± 1/47 ± 2) 7 ± 2% C2HF5•46 ± FX-10[2][1]
    1% C2H3F3•47 ±
    2% CHClF2
    HCFC R-402B R-/290/22 (38 ± 2/2 ± 1/60 ± 2) 38 ± 2% C2HF5•2 ± HP-81[2][1]
    1% C3H8•60 ±
    2% CHClF2
    HCFC R-402A R-/290/22 (60 ± 2/2 ± 1/38 ± 2) 60 ± 2% C2HF5•2 ± HP-80[2][1]
    1% C3H8•38 ±
    2% CHClF2
    HCFC R-416A R-a/124/600 (59 + .5,−1/39.5 + 1,−.5/ 59 + .5,−1% FRIGC (FR−)[2]
    1.5 + 1,−.2) C2H2F4•39.5 +
    1,−.5%
    C2HF4Cl•1.5 +
    1,−.2%
    C4H10
    HCFC R-420A R-a/142b (88 + 1,−0/12 + 0,−1) 88 + 1,−0% Choice
    C2H2F4•12 + 0,−1% Refrigerant[1]
    C2H3F2Cl
    HCFC R-502 R-/115 (48.8/51.2) 48.8% CHClF2•51.2%
    C2F5Cl
    HCFC R-501 R-/12 (75/25) 75% CHClF2•25%
    CCl2F2
    HCFC R-409A R-/124/142b (60 ± 2/25 ± 2/15 ± 1) 60 ± 2% CHClF2•25 ± FX-56[2][1]
    2% C2HF4Cl•15 ±
    1%
    C2H3F2Cl
    HCFC R-409B R-/124/142b (65 ± 2/25 ± 2/10 ± 1) 65 ± 2% CHClF2•25 ± FX-57[2]
    2% C2HF4Cl•10 ±
    1%
    C2H3F2Cl
    HCFC R-414B R-/124/600a/142b 50 ± 2% CHClF2•39 ± Hot Shot,[2][1]
    (50 ± 2/39 ± 2/1.5 ± .5/9.5 + .5,−1) 2% C2HF4Cl•1.5 ± Kar Kool[2]
    .5% C4H10•9.5 +
    .5,−1%
    C2H3F2Cl
    HCFC R-414A R-/124/600a/142b 51 ± 2% CHClF2•28.5 ± GHG-X4,[2]
    (51 ± 2/28.5 ± 2/4 ± .5/16.5 + .5,−1) 2% Autofrost,[2]
    C2HF4Cl•4 ± .5% Chill-It[2]
    C4H10•16.5 + .5,−1%
    C2H3F2Cl
    HCFC R-415B R-/152a (25 ± 1/75 + 1) 25 ± 1% CHClF2•75 ±
    1% C2H4F2
    HCFC R-415A R-/152a (82 ± 1/18 ± 1) 82 ± 1% CHClF2•18 ±
    1% C2H4F2
    HCFC R-401C R-/152a/124 (33 ± 2/15 + .5,−1.5/ 33 ± 2% CHClF2•15 + MP-52[1]
    52 ± 1) .5,−1.5%
    C2H4F2•52 ± 1%
    C2HF4Cl
    HCFC R-401A R-/152a/124 (53 ± 2/13 + .5,−1.5/ 53 ± 2% CHClF2•13 + MP-39[2][1]
    34 ± 1) .5,−1.5%
    C2H4F2•34 ± 1%
    C2HF4Cl
    HCFC R-401B R-/152a/124 (61 ± 2/11 + .5,−1.5/ 61 ± 2% CHClF2•11 + MP-66[2][1]
    28 ± 1) .5,−1.5%
    C2H4F2•28 ± 1%
    C2HF4Cl
    HCFC R-405A R-/152a/142b/C318 45 ± 0% CHClF2•7 ± GREENCOOL
    (45 ± 0/7 ± 1/5.5 ± 1/42.5 ± 2) 1% C2H4F2•5.5 ± G2015[2]
    1%
    C2H3F2Cl•42.5 ±
    2% C4F8
    HCFC R-509[A] R-/218 (44/56) 44% CHClF2•56% Arcton TP5R2[2]
    C3F8
    HCFC R-412A R-/218/142b (70 ± 2/5 ± 2/25 ± 1) 70 ± 2% CHClF2•5 ± Arcton TP5R[2]
    2% C3F8•25 ±
    1% C2H3F2Cl
    HCFC R-406A R-/600a/142b (55 ± 2/4 ± 1/41 ± 0) 55 ± 2% CHClF2•4 ± GHG[2][1]
    1% C4H10•41 ±
    0% C2H3F2Cl
    HCFC R-406B R-/600a/142b (65 ± 2/4 ± 1/31 ± 0) 65 ± 2% CHClF2•4 ± GHG-HP[2]
    1% C4H10•31 ±
    0% C2H3F2Cl
    HCFC R-503 R-/13 (40.1/59.9) 40.1% CHF3•59.9%
    CClF3
    HCFC R-418A R-0/22/152a (1.5 ± .5/96 ± 1/2.5 ± .5) 1.5 ± .5% C3H8•96 ±
    1% CHClF2•2.5 ±
    .5% C2H4F2
    HCFC R-403B R-0/22/218 (5 + .2,−2/56 ± 2/39 ± 0) 5 + .2,−2% C3H8•56 ± ISCEON 69-L[2]
    2% CHClF2•39 ±
    0% C3F8
    HCFC R-403A R-0/22/218 (5 + .2,−2/75 ± 2/20 ± 0) 5 + .2,−2% C3H8•75 ± ISCEON 69-S[2]
    2% CHClF2•20 ±
    0% C3F8
    HCFC R-506 R-/114 (55.1/44.9) 55.1% CH2FCl•44.9%
    C2F4Cl2
    HCFC R-504 R-/115 (48.2/51.8) 48.2% CH2F2•51.8%
    C2F5Cl
    HCFC R-232 Tetrachlorodifluoropropane C3H2F2Cl4 134237-39-1
    HCFC R-241 Tetrachlorofluoropropane C3H3FCl4 134190-49-1
    HCFC R-223 Tetrachlorotrifluoropropane C3HF3Cl4 134237-37-9
    HCFC R-242 Trichlorodifluoropropane C3H3F2Cl3 134237-42-6
    HCFC R-251 Trichlorofluoropropane C3H4FCl3 134190-51-5
    HCFC R-224 Trichlorotetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3 134237-38-0
    HCFC R-233 Trichlorotrifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3 134237-40-4
    HCFO R-1233zd 1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene C3H2ClF3 2730-43-0
    HCFO R-411A R-0/22/152a (1.5 + 0,−1/87.5 + 2,−0/ 1.5 + 0,−1% C3H6•87.5 + GREENCOOL
    11 + 0,−1) 2,−0% G2018a[2]
    CHClF2•11 + 0,−1%
    C2H4F2
    HCFO R-411B R-0/22/152a (3 + 0,−1/94 + 2,−0/ 3 + 0,−1% C3H6•94 + GREENCOOL
    3 + 0,−1) 2,−0% G2018b[2]
    CHClF2•3 + 0,−1%
    C2H4F2
    HCFO R-411C R-0/22/152a (3 + 0,−1/95.5 + 2,−0/ 3 + 0,−1% C3H6•95.5 + GREENCOOL
    1.5 + 0,−1) 2,−0% G2018c[2]
    CHClF2•1.5 + 0,−1%
    C2H4F2
    HCO R-1140 Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride) C2H3Cl 75-01-4
    HCO R-1130 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene C2H2Cl2 156-59-2
    HCO R-1120 Trichloroethylene (trielene) C2HCl3 79-01-6
    HFC R-329ccb 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4- C4HF9 375-17-7
    Nonafluorobutane
    HFC R-347ccd 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluorobutane C4H3F7 662-00-0
    HFC R-236cb 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6 677-56-5
    HFC R-227ea 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C3HF7 431-89-0
    HFC R-236ea 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6 431-63-0
    HFC R-338eea 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-Octafluorobutane C4H2F8 75995-72-1
    HFC R-245eb 1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 431-31-2
    HFC R-134a 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane C2H2F4 811-97-2
    HFC R-236fa 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6 690-39-1
    HFC R-365mfc 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane C4H5F5 406-58-6
    HFC R-245fa 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 460-73-1
    HFC R-143a 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane C2H3F3 420-46-2
    HFC R-ca 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C3HF7 2252-84-8
    HFC R-245ca 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 679-86-7
    HFC R-134 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane C2H2F4 359-35-3
    HFC R-254cb 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoropropane C3H4F4 40723-63-5
    HFC R-245ea 1,1,2,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 24270-66-4
    HFC R-143 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C2H3F3 430-66-0
    HFC R-152a 1,1-Difluoroethane C2H4F2 75-37-6
    HFC R-236me 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl C3H2F6O 57041-67-5
    difluoromethyl ether
    HFC R-152 1,2-Difluoroethane C2H4F2 624-72-6
    HFC R-E143a 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methyl ether C3H5F3O 460-43-5
    HFC R-E134 Bis(difluoromethyl)ether C2H2F4O 1691-17-4
    HFC R-32 Difluoromethane CH2F2 75-10-5
    HFC R-245qc Difluoromethyl 1,1,2- C3H3F5O 69948-24-9
    trifluoroethyl ether
    HFC R-245mf Difluoromethyl 2,2,2- C3H3F5O 1885-48-9
    trifluoroethyl ether
    HFC R-272 Difluoropropane C3H6F2
    HFC R-161 Fluoroethane C2H5F 353-36-6
    HFC R-41 Fluoromethane CH3F 593-53-3
    HFC R-281 Fluoropropane C3H7F
    HFC R-FE-36 Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6 359-58-0
    HFC R-254pc Methyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl C3H4F4O 425-88-7
    ether
    HFC R-245mc Methyl pentafluoroethyl ether C3H3F5O 22410-44-2
    HFC R-143m Methyl trifluoromethyl ether C2H3F3O 421-14-7
    HFC R-E125 Pentafluorodimethyl ether C2HF5O 3822-68-2
    HFC R-125 Pentafluoroethane C2HF5 354-33-6
    HFC R-245cb Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 1814-88-6
    HFC R- Perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether C4H3F7O 22052-84-2
    347mmy
    HFC R-347mcc Perfluoropropyl methyl ether C4H3F7O 375-03-1
    HFC R-421A R-/134a (58 ± 1/42 ± 1) 58 ± 1% C2HF5•42 ± Choice
    1% C2H2F4 R421A[1]
    HFC R-421B R-/134a (85 ± 1/15 ± 1) 85 ± 1% C2HF5•15 ± Choice 421B[1]
    1% C2H2F4
    HFC R-417A R-/134a/600 46.6 ± 1.1% ISCEON 59,[2]
    (46.6 ± 1.1/50 ± 1/3.4 + .1,−.4) C2HF5•50 ± 1% NU-22[2]
    C2H2F4•3.4 + .1,−.4%
    C4H10
    HFC R-417B R-/134a/600 79 ± 1% C2HF5•18.3 ±
    (79 ± 1/18.3 ± 1/2.7 + .1,−.5) 1% C2H2F4•2.7 +
    .1,−.5%
    C4H10
    HFC R-437A R-/134a/600/601 (19.5 + .5,−1.8/ 19.5 + .5,−1.8%
    78.5 + 1.5,−.7/1.4 + .1,−.2/ C2HF5•78.5 +
    .6 + .1,−.2) 1.5,−.7%
    C2H2F4•1.4 + .1,−.2%
    C4H10•.6 +
    .1,−.2% C5H12
    HFC R-426A R-/134a/600/601a 5.1 ± 1% C2HF5• RS-24 (new
    (5.1 ± 1/93 ± 1/1.3 + .1,−.2/.6 + .1,−.2) 93 ± 1% C2H2F4•1.3 + comp.)[1]
    .1,−.2%
    C4H10•.6 + .1,−.2%
    C5H12
    HFC R-422B R-/134a/600a (55 ± 1/42 ± 1/3 + .1,−.5) 55 ± 1% C2HF5•42 ± ICOR XAC1[1]
    1% C2H2F4•3 +
    .1,−.5% C4H10
    HFC R-422D R-/134a/600a (65.1 + .9,−1.1/ 65.1 + .9,−1.1% ISCEON
    31.5 ± 1/3.4 + .1,−.4) C2HF5•31.5 ± 1% MO29[1]
    C2H2F4•3.4 + .1,−.4%
    C4H10
    HFC R-422C R-/134a/600a (82 ± 1/15 ± 1/3 + .1,−.5) 82 ± 1% C2HF5•15 ± ICOR XLT1[1]
    1% C2H2F4•3 +
    .1,−.5% C4H10
    HFC R-422A R-/134a/600a 85.1 ± 1% C2HF5•11.5 ± ISCEON 79[1]
    (85.1 ± 1/11.5 ± 1/3.4 + .1,−.4) 1% C2H2F4•3.4 +
    .1,−.4%
    C4H10
    HFC R-424A R-/134a/600a/600/601a 50.5 ± 1% C2HF5•47 ± RS-44 (new
    (50.5 ± 1/47 ± 1.9 + .1,−.2/ 1% C2H2F4•1/.9 + comp.)[1]
    1 + .1, + .2/.6 + .1,−.2) .3,−.1%
    C4H10•.6 + .1,−.2%
    C5H12
    HFC R-419A R-/134a/E170 (77 ± 1/19 ± 1/4 ± 1) 77 ± 1% C2HF5•19 ±
    1% C2H2F4•4 ±
    1% C2H6O
    HFC R-507[A] R-/143a (50/50) 50% C2HF5•50% AZ-50[2][1]
    C2H3F3
    HFC R-404A R-/143a/134a (44 ± 2/52 ± 1/4 ± 2) 44 ± 2% C2HF5•52 ± HP-62,[2][1] FX-
    1% C2H3F3•4 ± 70[2][1]
    2% C2H2F4
    HFC R-434A R-/143a/134a/600a 63.2 ± 1% C2HF5•18 ± RS-45[1]
    (63.2 ± 1/18 ± 1/16 ± 1/2.8 + .1,−.2) 1% C2H3F3•16 ±
    1% C2H2F4•2.8 +
    .1,−.2%
    C4H10
    HFC R-428A R-/143a/290/600a 77.5 ± 1% C2HF5•20 ±
    (77.5 ± 1/20 ± 1/.6 + .1,−.2/1.9 + .1,−.2) 1% C2H3F3 •.6 +
    .1,−.2% C3H8•1.9 + RS-52[1]
    .1,−.2%
    C4H10
    HFC R-423A R-a/227ea (52.5 ± 1/47.5 ± 1) 52.5 ± 1% C2H2F4•47.5 ±
    1% C3HF7
    HFC R-430A R-a/600a (76 ± 1/24 ± 1) 76 ± 1% C2H4F2•24 ±
    1% C4H10
    HFC R-413A R-/134a/600a (9 ± 1/88 ± 2/3 + 0,−1) 9 ± 1% C3F8•88 ± ISCEON 49[2]
    2% C2H2F4•3 +
    0,−1% C4H10
    HFC R-508[A] R-/116 (39/61) 39% CHF3•61% Klea 5R3[2][1]
    C2F6
    HFC R-508B R-/116 (46/54) 46% CHF3•54% Suva 95[2][1]
    C2F6
    HFC R-440A R-0/134a/152a .6 ± .1% C3H8•1.6 ±
    (.6 ± .1/1.6 ± .6/97.8 ± .5) .6% C2H2F4•97.8 ±
    .5%
    C2H4F2
    HFC R-431A R-0/152a (71 ± 1/29 ± 1) 71 ± 1% C3H8•29 ±
    1% C2H4F2
    HFC R-410B R-/125 (45 ± 1/55 ± 1) 45 ± 1% CH2F2•55 ± AC9100[1]
    1% C2HF5
    HFC R-410A R-/125 (50 + .5,−1.5/50 + 1.5,−.5) 50 + .5,−1.5% AZ-20,[2]
    CH2F2•50 + 1.5,−.5% Puron,[2] Suva
    C2HF5 9100[2]
    HFC R-407B R-/125/134a (10 ± 2/70 ± 2/20 ± 2) 10 ± 2% CH2F2•70 ± Klea 61[2]
    2% C2HF5•20 ±
    2% C2H2F4
    HFC R-407D R-/125/134a (15 ± 2/15 ± 2/70 ± 2) 15 ± 2% CH2F2•15 ±
    2% C2HF5•70 ±
    2% C2H2F4
    HFC R-407A R-/125/134a (20 ± 2/40 ± 2/40 ± 2) 20 ± 2% CH2F2•40 ± Klea 60[2][1]
    2% C2HF5•40 ±
    2% C2H2F4
    HFC R-407C R-/125/134a (23 ± 2/25 ± 2/52 ± 2) 23 ± 2% CH2F2•25 ± Klea 66,[2]
    2% C2HF5•52 ± AC9000[1]
    2% C2H2F4
    HFC R-407E R-/125/134a (25 ± 2/15 ± 2/60 ± 2) 25 ± 2% CH2F2•15 ±
    2% C2HF5•60 ±
    2% C2H2F4
    HFC R-407F R-/125/134a (30 ± 2/30 ± 2/40 ± 2) 30 ± 2% CH2F2•30 ± Genetron
    2% C2HF5•40 ± Performax LT[1]
    2% C2H2F4
    HFC R-438A R-/125/134a/600/601a (8.5 + .5,−1.5/ 8.5 + .5,−1.5% KDD5,[1]
    45 ± 1.5/44.2 ± 1.5/1.7 + .1,−.2/ CH2F2•45 ± 1.5% ISCEON
    .6 + .1,−.2) C2HF5•44.2 ± MO99[1]
    1.5%
    C2H2F4•1.7 + .1,−.2%
    C4H10•.6 +
    .1,−.2% C5H12
    HFC R-427A R-/125/143a/134a 15 ± 2% CH2F2•25 ± Forane 427A[1]
    (15 ± 2/25 ± 2/10 ± 2/50 ± 2) 2% C2HF5•10 ±
    2% C2H3F3•50 ±
    2% C2H2F4
    HFC R-439A R-/125/600a (50 ± 1/47 ± 1/3 ± .5) 50 ± 1% CH2F2•47 ±
    1% C2HF5•3 ±
    .5% C4H10
    HFC R-425A R-/134a/227ea 18.5 ± .5% CH2F2•69.5 ±
    (18.5 ± .5/69.5 ± .5/12 ± .5) .5%
    C2H2F4•12 ± .5%
    C3HF7
    HFC R-435A R-E170/152a (80 ± 1/20 ± 1) 80 ± 1% C2H6O•20 ±
    1% C2H4F2
    HFC R-429A R-E170/152a/600a 60 ± 1% C2H6O•10 ±
    (60 ± 1/10 ± 1/30 ± 1) 1% C2H4F2•30 ±
    1% C4H10
    HFC R-23 Trifluoromethane (Fluoroform) CHF3 75-46-7
    HFC R-227ca2 Trifluoromethyl 1,1,2,2- C3HF7O 2356-61-8
    tetrafluoroethyl ether
    HFC R-227me Trifluoromethyl 1,2,2,2- C3HF7O 2356-62-9
    tetrafluoroethyl ether
    HFC R-263 Trifluoropropane C3H5F3
    HFO R-1132a 1,1-Difluoroethylene C2H2F2 75-38-7
    HFO R-1234ze 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C3H2F4 1645-83-6
    HFO R-1234yf 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C3H2F4 754-12-1
    HFO R-1141 Fluoroethylene (vinyl fluoride) C2H3F 75-02-5
    PCC R-10 Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 56-23-5
    (Tetrachloromethane)
    PCC R-110 Hexachloroethane C2Cl6 67-72-1
    [1]Composition of Refrigerant Blends, www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/refrigerants/refblend.html
    [2]Andy's HVAC/R Web Page, users.isp.com/aschoen/refchart.pdf

Claims (21)

What is claimed is:
1. A kit for retrofitting a refrigeration system operating with an HCFC refrigerant and a mineral oil lubricant, for operation with an HFC refrigerant and a polyol ester lubricant, comprising:
a U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container for common carrier transport;
an HFC refrigerant; and
a polyol ester lubricant in an amount of at least 5% by weight, and less than about 20% by weight.
2. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the HFC refrigerant comprises a blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
3. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the HCFC refrigerant comprises R-22, the HFC refrigerant is R-407C, and the polyol ester lubricant is present in an amount of between 2% and 25% by weight of the R-407C.
4. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the HCFC refrigerant comprises R-22, the HFC refrigerant is R-407C, and the polyol ester lubricant is present in an amount of between 5% and 15% by weight of the R-407C.
5. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the HCFC refrigerant comprises R-22, the HFC refrigerant is R-407C, and the polyol ester lubricant is present in an amount of between 7.5% and 8.5% by weight of the R-407C.
6. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the HFC is a refrigerant selected from the group consisting of R-134a, R-404A, R-407A, R-407C, R-407F, R-410A, R-417A, R-417B, R-422A, R-422B, R-422C, R-422D, R-424A, R-427A, R-428A, R-434A, R-438A, R-442A, and RS07A.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container for common carrier transport is compliant with at least one of U.S. Department of Transportation standards DOT-39, DOT 3, DOT 3A, DOT 3AA, DOT 3AL, DOT 3B, DOT 3BN, DOT 3E, DOT 4B, DOT 4BA, DOT 4B240ET, DOT 4BW, DOT 4E, DOT 3AL1800; DOT 4D; DOT-3A1000; DOT-3A1200; DOT-3A150; DOT-3A1800; DOT-3A2000; DOT-3A225; DOT-3A240; DOT-3A2400; DOT-3A300; DOT-3A400; DOT-3A480; DOT-3A480X; DOT-3AA; DOT-3AA1000; DOT-3AA1200; DOT-3AA150; DOT-3AA1800; DOT-3AA2000; DOT-3AA225; DOT-3AA240; DOT-3AA2400; DOT-3AA300; DOT-3AA400; DOT-3AA480; DOT-3AAX1800; DOT-3AAX2000; DOT-3AAX2200; DOT-3AAX2400; DOT-3AL; DOT-3AL1000; DOT-3AL150; DOT-3AL1800; DOT-3AL2000; DOT-3AL225; DOT-3AL240; DOT-3AL2400; DOT-3AL400; DOT-3AL480; DOT-3AX1800; DOT-3AX2000; DOT-3AX2200; DOT-3AX2400; DOT-3B; DOT-3B150; DOT-3B1800; DOT-3B225; DOT-3B240; DOT-3B300; DOT-3B400; DOT-3BN400; DOT-3BN480; DOT-3E1800; DOT-3HT; DOT-3HT2000; DOT-3T1800; DOT-3T2000; DOT-3T2200; DOT-3T2400; DOT-4A; DOT-4AA480; DOT-4B; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B225; DOT-4B240; DOT-4B240ET; DOT-4B300; DOT-4B400; DOT-4B480; DOT-4BA; DOT-4BA225; DOT-4BA240; DOT-4BA300; DOT-4BA400; DOT-4BW225; DOT-4BW240; DOT-4BW300; DOT-4BW400; DOT-4BW480; DOT-4DA; DOT-4DS; DOT-4E225; DOT-4E240; DOT-4L; DOT-AAX2400; and ICC-3E1800.
8. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container for common carrier transport comprises a DOT-39 container.
9. The kit according to claim 8, wherein the DOT-39 container has a capacity of 30 pounds, and is filled with about 2.4 pounds of polyol ester lubricant and about 27.6 pounds of HFC refrigerant.
10. The kit according to claim 8, wherein the DOT-39 container has a capacity of 50 pounds, and is filled with about 4 pounds of polyol ester lubricant and about 46 pounds of HFC refrigerant.
11. A method for retrofitting a hermetically sealed refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to a HFC refrigerant compatible with polyol ester lubricant, comprising:
providing a kit according to claim 1;
withdrawing the HCFC from within the refrigeration system through a charge-discharge port, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; and
charging the refrigeration system from the HFC mixed with the polyol ester lubricant from the U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container for common carrier transport.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant remaining in the refrigeration system is at least 5% by weight of the HCFC refrigerant capacity of the refrigeration system.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant comprises about 8% to 24% by weight of the charge capacity of the refrigeration system, and the refrigeration system after said charging contains about 25% to 50% of the total lubricant by weight polyol ester lubricant.
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the refrigeration system after said charging contains a mixed lubricant comprising the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant and polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 16% and 32% by weight.
15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant is a mineral oil lubricant, the HCFC refrigerant comprises R-22, and the HFC refrigerant comprises R-407C.
16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the polyol ester is provided in an amount of about 5% to 15% by weight of the HCFC refrigerant.
17. The method according to claim 11, wherein the polyol ester is provided in an amount of about 8% by weight of the HCFC refrigerant.
18. The method according to claim 11, wherein the U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container for common carrier transport is compliant at least one of U.S. Department of Transportation standards DOT-39, DOT 3, DOT 3A, DOT 3AA, DOT 3AL, DOT 3B, DOT 3BN, DOT 3E, DOT 4B, DOT 4BA, DOT 4B240ET, DOT 4BW, DOT 4E, DOT 3AL1800; DOT 4D; DOT-3A1000; DOT-3A1200; DOT-3A150; DOT-3A1800; DOT-3A2000; DOT-3A225; DOT-3A240; DOT-3A2400; DOT-3A300; DOT-3A400; DOT-3A480; DOT-3A480X; DOT-3AA; DOT-3AA1000; DOT-3AA1200; DOT-3AA150; DOT-3AA1800; DOT-3AA2000; DOT-3AA225; DOT-3AA240; DOT-3AA2400; DOT-3AA300; DOT-3AA400; DOT-3AA480; DOT-3AAX1800; DOT-3AAX2000; DOT-3AAX2200; DOT-3AAX2400; DOT-3AL; DOT-3AL1000; DOT-3AL150; DOT-3AL1800; DOT-3AL2000; DOT-3AL225; DOT-3AL240; DOT-3AL2400; DOT-3AL400; DOT-3AL480; DOT-3AX1800; DOT-3AX2000; DOT-3AX2200; DOT-3AX2400; DOT-3B; DOT-3B150; DOT-3B1800; DOT-3B225; DOT-3B240; DOT-3B300; DOT-3B400; DOT-3BN400; DOT-3BN480; DOT-3E1800; DOT-3HT; DOT-3HT2000; DOT-3T1800; DOT-3T2000; DOT-3T2200; DOT-3T2400; DOT-4A; DOT-4AA480; DOT-4B; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B225; DOT-4B240; DOT-4B240ET; DOT-4B300; DOT-4B400; DOT-4B480; DOT-4BA; DOT-4BA225; DOT-4BA240; DOT-4BA300; DOT-4BA400; DOT-4BW225; DOT-4BW240; DOT-4BW300; DOT-4BW400; DOT-4BW480; DOT-4DA; DOT-4DS; DOT-4E225; DOT-4E240; DOT-4L; DOT-AAX2400; and ICC-3E1800.
19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC refrigerant comprises a blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and the U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container for common carrier transport comprises a DOT-39 compliant container.
20. A method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant mixed with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to an HFC refrigerant, comprising:
evacuating the HCFC from the system, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant, the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant being immiscible with the HFC refrigerant and comprising at least 5% by weight of a refrigerant charge capacity of the refrigeration system;
providing at least one U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container for common carrier transport containing the HFC refrigerant premixed with at least a polyol ester lubricant in an amount of at least 5% by weight of the HFC refrigerant; and
charging the refrigeration system with the HFC refrigerant premixed with the polyol ester lubricant from the U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the HFC refrigerant comprises a blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), the polyol ester lubricant is provided in an amount between 5% and 15% by weight of the HFC refrigerant, and the U.S. Department of Transportation regulation compliant container comprises a DOT-39 compliant container.
US14/877,609 2014-06-26 2015-10-07 System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration systems from HCFC to HFC refrigerant Active US9435575B2 (en)

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US14/877,609 US9435575B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2015-10-07 System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration systems from HCFC to HFC refrigerant
US15/255,826 US10094603B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2016-09-02 System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from HCFC to HFC refrigerant
US16/153,642 US20190178544A1 (en) 2014-06-26 2018-10-05 System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from hcfc to hfc refrigerant

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US201462032129P 2014-08-01 2014-08-01
US14/744,776 US10330364B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2015-06-19 System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from HCFC to HFC refrigerant
US14/877,609 US9435575B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2015-10-07 System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration systems from HCFC to HFC refrigerant

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US20190178544A1 (en) 2019-06-13
ECSP17005195A (en) 2017-05-31
US9435575B2 (en) 2016-09-06
WO2015200633A1 (en) 2015-12-30
US20170131009A1 (en) 2017-05-11
MX2017000025A (en) 2017-06-20
CO2017000594A2 (en) 2017-06-20
US10094603B2 (en) 2018-10-09
US20150377533A1 (en) 2015-12-31
CR20170024A (en) 2017-08-29

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