US20130319645A1 - Optimised surface for freezing cylinder - Google Patents
Optimised surface for freezing cylinder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130319645A1 US20130319645A1 US13/978,410 US201113978410A US2013319645A1 US 20130319645 A1 US20130319645 A1 US 20130319645A1 US 201113978410 A US201113978410 A US 201113978410A US 2013319645 A1 US2013319645 A1 US 2013319645A1
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- Prior art keywords
- freezing cylinder
- cooling fins
- grooves
- cylinder according
- flow
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000015243 ice cream Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for instance Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/04—Production of frozen sweets, e.g. ice-cream
- A23G9/14—Continuous production
- A23G9/16—Continuous production the products being within a cooled chamber, e.g. drum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/04—Production of frozen sweets, e.g. ice-cream
- A23G9/22—Details, component parts or accessories of apparatus insofar as not peculiar to a single one of the preceding groups
- A23G9/222—Freezing drums
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/105—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being corrugated elements extending around the tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
- F28F1/128—Fins with openings, e.g. louvered fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/26—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being integral with the element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C1/00—Producing ice
- F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
- F25C1/14—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes
- F25C1/145—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes from the inner walls of cooled bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0042—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for foodstuffs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/085—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from copper or copper alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/087—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from nickel or nickel alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a freezing cylinder for use, for instance, in an apparatus for the production of frozen ice cream.
- freezers In the production of edible ice cream products, it is well-known to use so-called through-flow freezers. Often, such freezers comprise a freezing cylinder through which the ice cream mass is transported, typically by pumping or by means of a conveyor screw. The freezing cylinder is being cooled from its outside using a liquid coolant such as, for instance, ammonia (NH 3 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or some sort of Freon, such as R404a. During the freezing process, the coolant absorbs heat energy from the outer cylinder surface mainly due to a phase-shift from liquid to gaseous phase of the coolant, whereby tiny gas bubbles containing evaporated coolant are formed on the outer cylinder surface.
- a liquid coolant such as, for instance, ammonia (NH 3 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or some sort of Freon, such as R404a.
- the cooling efficiency of such a system depends on a number of factors.
- One important factor is the area of the cylinder surface to be cooled, which can be increased by well-known means, such as the use of cooling fins extending from the surface.
- the area of the cylinder surface to be cooled which can be increased by well-known means, such as the use of cooling fins extending from the surface.
- other factors affecting the evaporation rate, the size of the bubbles and the rate at which the bubbles leave the cylinder surface through the still liquid coolant are important for the efficiency of the cooling system. This is due to the fact that bubbles staying at the cylinder surface form an insulating layer between the cylinder surface and the liquid coolant, thus reducing the transportation of heat energy from the cylinder surface to the liquid coolant.
- the surface structure may be improved for a better cooling efficiency by means of so-called nano coating.
- nano coating This is a very expensive way of obtaining a better cooling efficiency.
- EP 0670461 A1 discloses a freezing drum, in which a cylindrical freezing chamber is coaxially positioned inside a cylindrical external jacket, wherein a spiral-shaped path is provided in the hollow space between the jacket and the chamber, through which path a thermal exchange fluid circulates from an inlet to an outlet.
- the present invention relates to a through-flow freezing cylinder comprising on its outer surface a set of substantially parallel tangential cooling fins and a set of substantially parallel grooves intersecting the set of cooling fins.
- the use of the present invention does not involve a thermal exchange fluid circulating along a predefined path in a hollow space between a freezing chamber and an external jacket. Rather, a thermal exchange fluid in the form of a liquid coolant must simply be placed to be in contact with the outer surface of the freezing cylinder as described further below.
- the freezing efficiency of a through-flow freezer comprising the freezing cylinder can be increased by up to about 20% without increasing the size of the freezer.
- the grooves intersect the cooling fins at an angle of more than 30°, preferably at an angle of more than 60°, most preferably at a substantially right angle.
- the cooling fins and the grooves are oriented tangentially and axially, respectively, in relation to the freezing cylinder.
- this configuration of the cooling fins and the grooves requires a relatively simple set-up of tools, for instance for machining the grooves.
- the cooling fins have a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape.
- the maximum height of the cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
- the mutual distance between the centrelines of two neighbouring cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
- the maximum width of the cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
- the mutual distance and the maximum width of the cooling fins are substantially the same.
- the grooves have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the mutual distance between two neighbouring grooves is between 1 mm and 12 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 10 mm, most preferably between 5 mm and 7 mm.
- the maximum width of the grooves is between 0.2 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, most preferably between 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm.
- the maximum depth of the grooves is between 0.2 mm and 6 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 6 mm, most preferably between 2 mm and 3 mm.
- the grooves are machined.
- Machining the grooves (and often also the cooling fins) rather than casting a complete freezing cylinder with cooling fins and intersecting grooves is advantageous in that it results in a relatively rough surface containing numerous tiny burrs, which have shown also to contribute to the optimisation of the cooling efficiency of the system.
- the through-flow freezing cylinder is made from nickel, brass, stainless steel or black steel.
- Making the freezing cylinder from nickel is advantageous in that nickel has high specific heat conductivity.
- ammonia which is one of the preferred cooling media in through-flow freezers of the type comprising freezing cylinders like the one of the present invention
- the ammonia will react with the copper in the brass alloy, which can destroy the structure made from the brass.
- another cooling media such as carbon dioxide or Freon
- the freezing cylinder may advantageously be made from brass, which is substantially less expensive than nickel. Like nickel, brass has high specific heat conductivity.
- the freezing cylinder may also be made from stainless steel, which is less expensive than nickel and brass. However, the use of stainless steel results in a lower freezing capacity due to the relatively poor heat transfer capabilities of this material.
- the freezing cylinder will be coated on the inner side of its wall with a layer of hard chrome or the like in order to make it more wear-resistant.
- FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a cross-section of a through-flow freezer comprising a freezing cylinder according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the structure of an outer surface of a freezing cylinder according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a cross-section of a through-flow freezer 1 in which a freezing cylinder 3 according to an embodiment of the invention is placed inside an outer cylinder 2 .
- the distance between the walls of the two cylinders 2 , 3 , respectively, will often be relatively small, such as between 10 mm and 40 mm.
- the outer surface of the freezing cylinder 3 is provided with a number of tangentially oriented cooling fins 4 , which are intersected by a number of longitudinally oriented grooves 5 .
- the mass 6 to be frozen for instance edible ice cream mass 6 , is transported through the freezing cylinder 3 .
- one or more scrapers scrape the layer of frozen ice cream mass 6 continuously formed on the inner surface of the freezing cylinder 3 off the cylinder wall.
- a liquid coolant 7 is placed in the cavity between the inner surface of the outer cylinder 2 and the outer surface of the freezing cylinder 3 for cooling the freezing cylinder 3 and its contents 6 by absorbing heat energy from the freezing cylinder 3 , mainly due to a phase-shift from liquid to gas phase of some of the coolant 7 .
- the freezing cylinder 3 is typically made from nickel, brass, stainless steel or black steel depending on the type of coolant 7 with which it is meant to be used.
- Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Ammonia reacts with copper resulting in the formation of cracks in brass structures in contact with ammonia. Eventually, such structures may collapse. Therefore, the use of ammonia as coolant 7 generally requires that the freezing cylinder 3 is made from nickel or steel. Brass, which is less expensive than nickel and still has high specific heat conductivity, can be used if another coolant 7 than ammonia such as, for instance, carbon dioxide or Freon is to be used. Generally, the cooling effect obtainable with carbon dioxide is about 25% higher than the one obtainable with ammonia. However, the pressure required is also higher for carbon dioxide than for ammonia.
- FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the structure of an outer surface of a freezing cylinder 3 according to an embodiment of the invention in which a plurality of parallel and tangentially oriented cooling fins 4 are intersected by a number of parallel and longitudinally oriented grooves 5 .
- the cooling efficiency can be optimized by choosing the height of the cooling fins 4 to be about 3 mm, the width and depth of the intersecting grooves 5 to be approximately 1 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively, and the mutual distance between two neighbouring grooves 5 to be between 5 mm and 7 mm.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
A through-flow freezing cylinder is disclosed comprising on its outer surface a set of substantially parallel tangential cooling fins and a set of substantially parallel grooves intersecting the set of cooling fins, preferably at a right angle.
Description
- The present invention relates to a freezing cylinder for use, for instance, in an apparatus for the production of frozen ice cream.
- In the production of edible ice cream products, it is well-known to use so-called through-flow freezers. Often, such freezers comprise a freezing cylinder through which the ice cream mass is transported, typically by pumping or by means of a conveyor screw. The freezing cylinder is being cooled from its outside using a liquid coolant such as, for instance, ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) or some sort of Freon, such as R404a. During the freezing process, the coolant absorbs heat energy from the outer cylinder surface mainly due to a phase-shift from liquid to gaseous phase of the coolant, whereby tiny gas bubbles containing evaporated coolant are formed on the outer cylinder surface.
- The cooling efficiency of such a system depends on a number of factors. One important factor is the area of the cylinder surface to be cooled, which can be increased by well-known means, such as the use of cooling fins extending from the surface. However, also other factors affecting the evaporation rate, the size of the bubbles and the rate at which the bubbles leave the cylinder surface through the still liquid coolant are important for the efficiency of the cooling system. This is due to the fact that bubbles staying at the cylinder surface form an insulating layer between the cylinder surface and the liquid coolant, thus reducing the transportation of heat energy from the cylinder surface to the liquid coolant. The relation is relatively straightforward: The more the bubbles adhere to the surface of the freezing cylinder, the more the surface is covered with insulating air bubbles, and the more the heat transfer coefficient is reduced. These properties relating to the formation and the removal of the gas bubbles depend mainly on the properties of the liquid coolant and on the structure of the cylinder surface.
- The surface structure may be improved for a better cooling efficiency by means of so-called nano coating. However, this is a very expensive way of obtaining a better cooling efficiency.
- EP 0670461 A1 discloses a freezing drum, in which a cylindrical freezing chamber is coaxially positioned inside a cylindrical external jacket, wherein a spiral-shaped path is provided in the hollow space between the jacket and the chamber, through which path a thermal exchange fluid circulates from an inlet to an outlet.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a more cost-efficient way of optimising the surface of a freezing cylinder for obtaining a significantly better cooling efficiency of a through-flow freezer comprising such a freezing cylinder.
- The present invention relates to a through-flow freezing cylinder comprising on its outer surface a set of substantially parallel tangential cooling fins and a set of substantially parallel grooves intersecting the set of cooling fins.
- Contrary to the disclosure of EP 0670461 A1 as described above, the use of the present invention does not involve a thermal exchange fluid circulating along a predefined path in a hollow space between a freezing chamber and an external jacket. Rather, a thermal exchange fluid in the form of a liquid coolant must simply be placed to be in contact with the outer surface of the freezing cylinder as described further below.
- This means that there are no requirements relating to the shape of an external jacket, in which the freezing cylinder may be placed or to the positioning of the freezing cylinder in relation to such a jacket.
- It has surprisingly been found that by structuring the outer surface of the freezing cylinder with a set of parallel grooves intersecting a set of parallel cooling fins, the freezing efficiency of a through-flow freezer comprising the freezing cylinder can be increased by up to about 20% without increasing the size of the freezer.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the grooves intersect the cooling fins at an angle of more than 30°, preferably at an angle of more than 60°, most preferably at a substantially right angle.
- It has been found that the best results are obtained if the angle of intersection between the grooves and the cooling fins is not very acute.
- In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cooling fins and the grooves are oriented tangentially and axially, respectively, in relation to the freezing cylinder.
- For production purposes, this configuration of the cooling fins and the grooves requires a relatively simple set-up of tools, for instance for machining the grooves.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the cooling fins have a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the maximum height of the cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the mutual distance between the centrelines of two neighbouring cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the maximum width of the cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the mutual distance and the maximum width of the cooling fins are substantially the same.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the grooves have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the mutual distance between two neighbouring grooves is between 1 mm and 12 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 10 mm, most preferably between 5 mm and 7 mm.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the maximum width of the grooves is between 0.2 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, most preferably between 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the maximum depth of the grooves is between 0.2 mm and 6 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 6 mm, most preferably between 2 mm and 3 mm.
- It has been shown that the optimum freezing efficiency is obtained by choosing the properties of the cooling fins and the grooves within the above-specified ranges.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the grooves are machined.
- Machining the grooves (and often also the cooling fins) rather than casting a complete freezing cylinder with cooling fins and intersecting grooves is advantageous in that it results in a relatively rough surface containing numerous tiny burrs, which have shown also to contribute to the optimisation of the cooling efficiency of the system.
- In preferred embodiments of the invention, the through-flow freezing cylinder is made from nickel, brass, stainless steel or black steel.
- Making the freezing cylinder from nickel is advantageous in that nickel has high specific heat conductivity.
- If brass is in contact with ammonia, which is one of the preferred cooling media in through-flow freezers of the type comprising freezing cylinders like the one of the present invention, the ammonia will react with the copper in the brass alloy, which can destroy the structure made from the brass. However, if another cooling media, such as carbon dioxide or Freon, is to be used, the freezing cylinder may advantageously be made from brass, which is substantially less expensive than nickel. Like nickel, brass has high specific heat conductivity.
- The freezing cylinder may also be made from stainless steel, which is less expensive than nickel and brass. However, the use of stainless steel results in a lower freezing capacity due to the relatively poor heat transfer capabilities of this material.
- Due to the low price of black steel, it is also considered to make the freezing cylinder from this material. This, however, requires a coating of the inner side of the cylinder wall for hygienic reasons.
- In some embodiments of the invention, the freezing cylinder will be coated on the inner side of its wall with a layer of hard chrome or the like in order to make it more wear-resistant.
- A few exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described in the following with reference to the figures, of which
-
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a cross-section of a through-flow freezer comprising a freezing cylinder according to an embodiment of the invention and -
FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the structure of an outer surface of a freezing cylinder according to an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a cross-section of a through-flow freezer 1 in which a freezingcylinder 3 according to an embodiment of the invention is placed inside anouter cylinder 2. The distance between the walls of the twocylinders - The outer surface of the freezing
cylinder 3 is provided with a number of tangentially orientedcooling fins 4, which are intersected by a number of longitudinallyoriented grooves 5. Themass 6 to be frozen, for instance edibleice cream mass 6, is transported through the freezingcylinder 3. Inside the freezingcylinder 3, one or more scrapers (not shown) scrape the layer of frozenice cream mass 6 continuously formed on the inner surface of the freezingcylinder 3 off the cylinder wall. - A
liquid coolant 7 is placed in the cavity between the inner surface of theouter cylinder 2 and the outer surface of the freezingcylinder 3 for cooling the freezingcylinder 3 and itscontents 6 by absorbing heat energy from the freezingcylinder 3, mainly due to a phase-shift from liquid to gas phase of some of thecoolant 7. - The freezing
cylinder 3 is typically made from nickel, brass, stainless steel or black steel depending on the type ofcoolant 7 with which it is meant to be used. - Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Ammonia reacts with copper resulting in the formation of cracks in brass structures in contact with ammonia. Eventually, such structures may collapse. Therefore, the use of ammonia as
coolant 7 generally requires that the freezingcylinder 3 is made from nickel or steel. Brass, which is less expensive than nickel and still has high specific heat conductivity, can be used if anothercoolant 7 than ammonia such as, for instance, carbon dioxide or Freon is to be used. Generally, the cooling effect obtainable with carbon dioxide is about 25% higher than the one obtainable with ammonia. However, the pressure required is also higher for carbon dioxide than for ammonia. - The structure of the outer surface of the freezing
cylinder 3 is important for the adhesion of the gas bubbles to the freezingcylinder 3 surface and, thus, for the cooling efficiency of the through-flow freezer 1.FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the structure of an outer surface of a freezingcylinder 3 according to an embodiment of the invention in which a plurality of parallel and tangentially orientedcooling fins 4 are intersected by a number of parallel and longitudinally orientedgrooves 5. - Numerous investigations have revealed that the cooling efficiency can be optimized by choosing the height of the
cooling fins 4 to be about 3 mm, the width and depth of the intersectinggrooves 5 to be approximately 1 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively, and the mutual distance between twoneighbouring grooves 5 to be between 5 mm and 7 mm. - Optimisation investigations relating to the height of the
cooling fins 4 alone, i.e. without using anyintersecting grooves 5, have shown to result in an increase of the cooling efficiency and, thus, of the freezer capacity of up to about 5% without increasing the size of thefreezer 1. - However, the addition and optimisation of intersecting
grooves 5 surprisingly turned out to lead to more significant increases of the cooling efficiency, namely up to about 20% as compared to through-flow freezers known from the art using freezing cylinders having cooling fins of a height of approximately 1.5 mm. - The investigations have shown that similar increases in evaporation and, thus, in cooling efficiency are obtained, whether the
coolant 7 used is ammonia, carbon dioxide or nitrogen, and whether the freezingcylinder 3 is made from nickel, brass or stainless steel. -
- 1. Through-flow freezer
- 2. Outer cylinder
- 3. Freezing cylinder
- 4. Cooling fin
- 5. Groove
- 6. Mass to be frozen
- 7. Liquid coolant
Claims (14)
1. A through-flow freezing cylinder comprising on its outer surface:
a set of substantially parallel tangential cooling fins; and
a set of substantially parallel grooves intersecting the set of cooling fins.
2. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the grooves intersect the cooling fins at an angle of more than 30°, preferably at an angle of more than 60°, most preferably at a substantially right angle.
3. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the cooling fins and the grooves are oriented tangentially and axially, respectively, in relation to the freezing cylinder.
4. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the cooling fins have a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape.
5. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum height of the cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
6. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the mutual distance between the centrelines of two neighbouring cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
7. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum width of the cooling fins is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm.
8. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the mutual distance and the maximum width of the cooling fins are substantially the same.
9. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the grooves have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.
10. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the mutual distance between two neighbouring grooves is between 1 mm and 12 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 10 mm, most preferably between 5 mm and 7 mm.
11. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum width of the grooves is between 0.2 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, most preferably between 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm.
12. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum depth of the grooves is between 0.2 mm and 6 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 6 mm, most preferably between 2 mm and 3 mm.
13. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , wherein the grooves are machined.
14. A through-flow freezing cylinder according to claim 1 , which is made from nickel, brass, stainless steel or black steel.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DKPA201170004 | 2011-01-06 | ||
DKPA201170004A DK177178B1 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2011-01-06 | Optimized surface for freezing cylinder |
PCT/DK2011/050515 WO2012092929A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2011-12-22 | Optimised surface for freezing cylinder |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130319645A1 true US20130319645A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
Family
ID=45491191
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/978,410 Abandoned US20130319645A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2011-12-22 | Optimised surface for freezing cylinder |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130319645A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2661177A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103327825B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013016867A2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK177178B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2013007788A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2592570C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012092929A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110613045A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-27 | 艾力集团有限责任公司-卡皮贾尼 | Heat exchanger |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3010176B1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2018-06-29 | Gea Refrigeration France | ICE GENERATING DEVICE, IMPLEMENTING A DOUBLE-WALL CYLINDRICAL EXCHANGER, INCLUDING A BI-MATERIAL INTERNAL WALL |
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GB9917652D0 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 1999-09-29 | Brunnar H F | Liquid ice generator |
ITBO20050706A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-23 | Ali Spa | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FREEZING CHAMBER AND FREEZING CHAMBER SO IT HAS OBTAINED |
RU2305949C1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-09-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие УРАЛЬСКИЙ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ КОМБИНАТ | Freezing cylinder for ice-cream making machine |
-
2011
- 2011-01-06 DK DKPA201170004A patent/DK177178B1/en active
- 2011-12-22 WO PCT/DK2011/050515 patent/WO2012092929A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-12-22 RU RU2013136395/13A patent/RU2592570C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-12-22 CN CN201180064267.1A patent/CN103327825B/en active Active
- 2011-12-22 EP EP11808570.3A patent/EP2661177A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-12-22 MX MX2013007788A patent/MX2013007788A/en unknown
- 2011-12-22 US US13/978,410 patent/US20130319645A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-12-22 BR BR112013016867A patent/BR112013016867A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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US3326283A (en) * | 1965-03-29 | 1967-06-20 | Trane Co | Heat transfer surface |
US4330036A (en) * | 1980-08-21 | 1982-05-18 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Construction of a heat transfer wall and heat transfer pipe and method of producing heat transfer pipe |
US4402359A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1983-09-06 | Noranda Mines Limited | Heat transfer device having an augmented wall surface |
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US11187443B2 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2021-11-30 | Ali Group S.R.L.—Carpigiani | Heat exchanger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX2013007788A (en) | 2013-08-21 |
CN103327825A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
BR112013016867A2 (en) | 2016-10-11 |
RU2592570C2 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
RU2013136395A (en) | 2015-02-20 |
CN103327825B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
WO2012092929A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
DK177178B1 (en) | 2012-05-07 |
EP2661177A1 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
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