US20130312694A1 - Intake engine valves - Google Patents
Intake engine valves Download PDFInfo
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- US20130312694A1 US20130312694A1 US13/899,327 US201313899327A US2013312694A1 US 20130312694 A1 US20130312694 A1 US 20130312694A1 US 201313899327 A US201313899327 A US 201313899327A US 2013312694 A1 US2013312694 A1 US 2013312694A1
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- Prior art keywords
- valve
- stem
- guide
- engine
- intake
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
- B21K1/22—Making machine elements valve parts poppet valves, e.g. for internal-combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
- B23P15/002—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings poppet valves
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to intake engine valves.
- JP-A-5-36009 teaches a known engine valve in which a valve stem has a small diameter portion having a diameter smaller than ⁇ d 2 .
- the valve stem can be positioned in a number of locations ranging from on the surface of a valve head to a position spaced apart from the valve head surface. This distance is approximately ⁇ D/2 wherein ⁇ D is a diameter of the valve head and ⁇ d 2 is a diameter of the valve stem.
- the length of the small diameter portion is inevitably limited due to positioning within the range between the valve head surface and the position spaced from the valve head surface by the distance of approximately ⁇ D/2. Therefore, of the known engine is used as an intake engine valve, a problem may caused that the flow rate of intake air as well as the tumble flow may not be effectively increased. Simply increasing the length of the small diameter portion may lead to difficulty in ensuring the strength.
- an intake engine valve may have a tapered portion positioned between a valve head and a valve stem and tapered toward the side of the valve stem.
- the valve stem may include a small diameter portion positioned between a guide stem portion and a stem end portion on the side of the tapered portion and having a diameter smaller than a diameter or diameters of the guide stem portion and the stem end portion.
- the guide stem portion may be guided by a valve guide of the engine.
- FIG. 1 is a front view, with a part omitted, of an intake engine valve according to a representative embodiment
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of a portion around a valve head of the intake engine valve
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a portion of an engine around the engine valve showing the engine valve is an opened position
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 3 but showing the engine valve in a closed position
- FIG. 5 is a front view of a portion around a valve head of a comparative intake engine valve.
- FIG. 6 is a front view showing a portion around the valve head of the intake engine valve according to the representative embodiment and also showing a portion around the valve head of the comparative intake engine valve for comparison.
- a forged intake engine valve used for opening and closing an intake port of an engine may include a valve head, a valve stem and a tapered portion.
- the tapered portion may be positioned between the valve head and the valve stem and be tapered such that the tapered portion becomes smaller towards the side of the valve stem.
- the outer circumferential surface of the tapered portion may be formed as a tapered surface extending along a straight line as viewed in cross section with a taper angle.
- the valve stem may include a small diameter portion positioned between a guide stem portion and a stem end portion on the side of the tapered portion.
- the small diameter portion may have a diameter smaller than a diameter or diameters of the guide stem portion and the stem end portion.
- the guide stem portion may be guided by a valve guide of the engine.
- both the flow rate of intake air and the tumble flow may be increased by increasing the length of the small diameter portion while ensuring the mechanical strength of the engine valve.
- the tapered surface and a backside surface of the valve head may be left as forged surfaces without being machined. Therefore, in comparison with the case where the entire circumferential surface of the engine valve is machined. It may be possible to reduce the number of process steps as well as reduce the manufacturing cost.
- the small diameter portion may be formed such that a terminal end of the small diameter portion on the side of the stem guide portion is positioned proximal to an axial end of the valve guide on the side of the intake port when the engine valve is in an opened position.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the peripheral device of the intake engine valve in the state where the engine intake valve is in an opened position.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 3 but showing the intake engine valve in a closed position.
- a cylinder head 10 of an internal combustion engine may have an intake port 12 that communicates with a combustion chamber 11 .
- a valve seat 13 may be disposed at a downstream end of the intake port 12 .
- a metal valve guide 14 may be fitted into the cylinder head 10 so as to have the same axis as the valve seat 13 .
- An intake engine valve 20 may have a valve head 22 and a valve stem 24 .
- the intake engine valve 20 (more Specifically, the valve stem 24 ) may be supported within the valve guide 14 so as to be able to slidably move in an axial direction (vertical direction as viewed in FIG. 3 ), so that the valve head 22 can open and close the intake port 12 (more specifically, the valve seat 13 ).
- valve head 22 moves away from the valve seat 13 , so that intake air can flow into the combustion chamber 11 via the intake port 12 .
- the valve head 22 moves such that it becomes seated on the valve seat 13 , so that intake air is prevented from flowing into the combustion chamber 11 via the intake port 12 .
- FIG. 1 shows a front view of the intake engine valve 20 with a part omitted.
- FIG. 2 shows a front view of a portion on the side of the valve head 22 of the intake engine valve 20 .
- the intake engine valve 20 may be configured as a poppet valve and may be formed by a forging process.
- the valve head 22 and the valve stem 24 may have the same axis.
- An annular groove 25 may be formed in the outer circumferential surface of the terminal end portion (upper end portion as viewed in FIG. 1 ) throughout the circumferential length thereof.
- the annular groove 25 may serve as a mount groove, to which a retainer for a valve spring of a valve actuator (not shown) may be mounted.
- a large diameter-side surface (lower end surface as viewed in FIG. 1 ) of the valve head 22 may serve as a valve face 22 a facing the inside of the combustion chamber 11 (see FIG. 3 ).
- a shallow indent 23 may be formed towards the center of the valve face 22 a.
- a forging process may be used to form the intake engine valve 20 , which may include the valve head 22 and/or the valve stem 24 .
- the intake engine valve 20 may be forged from heat-resisting steel, titanium alloy, or any other suitable metal.
- a machining operation such as an abrading or polishing operation may be performed on predetermined portions of the forged material.
- a tapered portion 26 may be formed at a transition position between the valve head 22 and the valve stem 24 .
- the tapered portion 26 may be formed during a step in the forging operation.
- the tapered portion 26 is tapered toward the side of the valve stem 24 (upward).
- the outer circumferential surface of the tapered portion 26 may be formed as a tapered surface extending along a straight line as viewed from its cross-section within a plane that includes a longitudinal axis L of the engine valve 20 .
- cross-section is used to mean a cross-section within a plane that includes the longitudinal axis L of the engine valve 20 , unless otherwise noted.
- the tapered portion 26 may have a taper angle ⁇ 1 .
- the taper angle ⁇ 1 may be 20°.
- the tapered portion 26 may have a minimum diameter 26 d that may conform to the diameter of the primary material before the forging process.
- a height H 1 measured from the valve face 22 a to an axial end portion on the small diameter side of the tapered portion 26 may be 10 mm but may not be limited to this size.
- a small diameter portion 30 may be formed to be positioned between the guide stem portion 28 and the stem end portion 29 .
- the small diameter portion 30 may have an outer diameter 30 d smaller than the outer diameters of both the guide stem portion 28 and the stem end portion 29 .
- the outer diameter 30 d may be 4.5 mm but other sizes may be used.
- the remaining portion of the valve stem 24 may exclude the annular groove 23 and the smaller diameter portion 30 but include the guide stem portion 28 and the stem end portion 29 .
- This remaining portion may have an outer diameter 24 d
- a height H 2 measured from the valve face 22 a to a terminal end 30 a of the small diameter portion 30 on the side of the stem guide portion 28 may be 37 mm in one embodiment. Its size may be varied in other embodiments.
- An annular surface 32 may be formed on the backside (i.e., the side opposite the valve face 22 a ) of the valve head 22 .
- the annular surface 32 may be a tapered surface extending along a straight line as seen in a cross-sectional view. It may be tapered from the outer circumferential end toward the backside (upwardly as viewed in FIG. 2 ) of the valve head 22 having a taper angle ⁇ 2 .
- the taper angle ⁇ 2 may be 45° in one embodiment but it may measure different angles in other embodiments.
- the outer circumferential end of the valve head 22 may be configured as a circumferential end surface 34 having a relatively small axial length.
- the circumferential end surface 34 may have a cylindrical shape with the same diameter as the outer diameter of the large-diameter side edge of the annular surface 32 .
- An inclined surface 36 configured as a conical surface may be also formed on the backside (i.e., the side opposite to the valve face 22 a ) of the valve head 22 .
- the inclined surface 36 may be configured as a tapered surface extending along a straight line as seen in a cross-sectional view. It may taper from the outer circumferential edge on the small-diameter side of the annular surface 32 toward the backside (upwardly as viewed in FIG. 2 ) of the valve head 22 by a taper angle ⁇ 3 .
- the taper angle ⁇ 3 may be 12.5° to one embodiment but it may measure different angles in other embodiments.
- a concave curved surface 38 may be also formed on the backside of the valve head 22 to connect between the large-diameter side outer circumferential edge of the tapered portion 26 and the small-diameter side outer circumferential edge of the inclined surface 36 .
- the curved surface 38 may have a curvature radius R as seen in a cross-sectional view. In one example, the curvature radius R may be 7 mm. In this way, the inclined surface 36 and the curved surface 38 may constitute a backside surface of the valve head 22 .
- the annular surface 32 , the circumferential end surface 34 and the valve stem 24 may be finished through a machining operation.
- a machining operation may, for example, be an abrasion or polishing operation.
- the tapered surface 26 and the backside surface (i.e., the inclined surface 36 and the curved surface 38 ) of the valve head 22 may be left as forged surfaces not having been machined.
- the height H 1 may be measured from the valve face 22 a to the small-diameter side axial end portion of the tapered surface 26 .
- This height may correspond to an end point (lower end point) of the valve stem 24 which may be machined. Therefore, the height H 1 will be hereinafter also referred to as “a machined-end height H 1 ”.
- the circumferential end surface 34 may optionally not be machined.
- An axial terminal end surface 24 a (upper end surface) of the valve stem 24 (see FIG. 1 ) may be machined or may not be machined.
- the tapered portion 26 is positioned between the valve head 22 and the valve stem 24 .
- the valve head 22 and the valve stem 24 may be formed by a forging process.
- the intake engine valve 20 is preferably tapered from the side of the valve head 22 toward the side of the valve stem 24 .
- the outer circumferential surface of the tapered portion 26 may be formed as a tapered surface extending along a straight line as seen from a cross-sectional view with a taper angle ⁇ 1 . Therefore, it is possible to increase the mechanical strength of the engine valve 20 . For this reason, it is possible to increase the axial length of the small diameter portion 30 of the valve stem 24 and to increase the flow rate of the intake air and the tumble flow. In this way, it is possible to increase the flow rate of the intake air and the tumble flow while ensuring the strength of the engine valve 20 .
- the tapered surface 26 and the backside surface (i.e., the inclined surface 36 and the curved surface 38 ) of the valve head 22 are left as forged surfaces without being machined, it is possible to reduce the number of process steps in comparison with the case where the entire surface is machined after the forging operation. As a result, it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs.
- the small diameter portion 30 may be formed such that the terminal end 30 a on the side of the stem guide portion 28 may be positioned proximal to the axial end 14 a of the valve guide 14 on the side of the intake port 12 when the engine valve 20 is in the opened position. Therefore, it is possible to increase the flow rate of the intake air and the tumble flow to maximum or close to maximum values. In some arrangements, however, the terminal end 30 a is positioned within the length of the valve guide 14 when the engine valve 20 is in the opened position. This may result in a reduction in the length of the valve guide 14 which supports the stem guide portion 28 . In the embodiment described above, where the terminal end 30 a is positioned proximal to the axial end 14 a, such a reduction in length of the valve guide 14 can be avoided.
- FIG. 5 shows a front view of a valve head 122 of an intake engine valve 120 according to the comparative example (hereinafter referred to as “comparative engine valve 120 ”).
- FIG. 6 is a view, in which a front view of the valve head 22 is indicated by solid lines, while a front view of the portion around the valve head 122 of the comparative engine valve 120 is indicated by dotted lines.
- like members are given the same reference numerals as the above embodiment and the description of these members will not be repeated.
- a comparative engine valve 120 has a valve head 122 and a valve stem 124 .
- the comparative engine valve 120 does not include the tapered portion 26 (see FIG. 2 ) as in the above embodiment.
- the valve stem 124 does not have the small diameter portion 30 (see FIG. 2 ) as in the above embodiment.
- the valve stem 124 has an outer diameter 124 d that is the same as the outer diameter 24 d of the valve stem 24 of the above embodiment.
- a height h 1 corresponds to an end point (lower end point) on the side of the valve head 122 of a machined region of the valve stem 124 and may be referred to as “a machined-end height h 1 ”.
- the machined-end height h 1 is set to 14 mm. Because the machined-end height H 1 of the above embodiment may be set to 10 mm, the machined-end height H 1 is smaller than the machined-end height h 1 .
- the valve head 122 has the annular face 32 and the circumferential end surface 34 .
- a chamfered conical surface 137 is formed on the backside of the valve head 122 .
- a chamfered angle ⁇ 4 of the conical surface 137 may be set, for example, to 30°.
- a concave curved surface 138 is preferably formed on the backside of the valve head 122 to connect the valve stem 124 and the chamfered conical surface 137 .
- the curved surface 138 may have a radius r. In this way, the engine valve 20 of the above embodiment does not have a chamfered conical surface 137 , and the radius R of the concave curved surface 38 may be smaller than the radius r of the comparative example.
- valve head 22 of the above embodiment may have a smaller thickness in the axial direction than that of the valve head 122 of the comparative engine valve 120 (see FIG. 6 ).
- a machining operation such as an abrasion or polishing operation is performed on the entire outer circumferential surface of the comparative engine valve 120 .
- the engine valve 20 of the above embodiment is different from the comparative engine valve 120 in that the valve stem 24 has the tapered surface 26 , so that the mechanical strength can be improved. In this way, it is possible to increase the axial length of the small diameter portion 30 of the valve stem 24 , thereby leading to an increase in the flow rate of intake air and to an increase of the tumbling flow.
- the tapered surface 26 and the backside surface (i.e., the inclined surface 36 and the curved surface 38 ) of the valve head 22 may be left as forged surfaces without being machined. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative engine valve 120 that requires the machining operation of the entire outer circumferential surface, it is possible to reduce the number of process steps and to reduce manufacturing costs.
- the thickness in the axial direction of the valve head 22 may be smaller than that of the valve head 122 of the comparative example.
- the machined-end height H 1 may be smaller than the machined-end height h 1 . It is possible to increase the axial length of the small diameter portion 30 of the valve stem 24 , so that the flow rate of intake air and the tumbling flow can be further increased.
- the weight of the engine valve 20 may be smaller than that of the comparative engine valve 120 .
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Abstract
An intake engine valve may have a tapered portion positioned between a valve head and a valve stem tapering from a larger size to a smaller size in the direction of the valve stem. The valve stem may include a small diameter portion positioned between a guide stem portion And a stem end portion on the side of the tapered portion and having a diameter smaller than a diameter or diameters of the guide stem portion and the stem end portion. The guide stem portion may be guided by a valve guide of the engine.
Description
- This application claims priority to Japanese patent application serial number 2012-117368, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to intake engine valves.
- JP-A-5-36009 teaches a known engine valve in which a valve stem has a small diameter portion having a diameter smaller than φd2. The valve stem can be positioned in a number of locations ranging from on the surface of a valve head to a position spaced apart from the valve head surface. This distance is approximately φD/2 wherein φD is a diameter of the valve head and φd2 is a diameter of the valve stem.
- In the case of the known engine valve, the length of the small diameter portion is inevitably limited due to positioning within the range between the valve head surface and the position spaced from the valve head surface by the distance of approximately φD/2. Therefore, of the known engine is used as an intake engine valve, a problem may caused that the flow rate of intake air as well as the tumble flow may not be effectively increased. Simply increasing the length of the small diameter portion may lead to difficulty in ensuring the strength.
- Therefore, there has been a need in the art for an intake engine valve that can increase the flow rate of intake air and the tumble flow, while the strength of the engine valve can be ensured.
- In one aspect according to the present teachings, an intake engine valve may have a tapered portion positioned between a valve head and a valve stem and tapered toward the side of the valve stem. The valve stem may include a small diameter portion positioned between a guide stem portion and a stem end portion on the side of the tapered portion and having a diameter smaller than a diameter or diameters of the guide stem portion and the stem end portion. The guide stem portion may be guided by a valve guide of the engine.
-
FIG. 1 is a front view, with a part omitted, of an intake engine valve according to a representative embodiment; -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of a portion around a valve head of the intake engine valve; -
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a portion of an engine around the engine valve showing the engine valve is an opened position; -
FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar toFIG. 3 but showing the engine valve in a closed position; -
FIG. 5 is a front view of a portion around a valve head of a comparative intake engine valve; and -
FIG. 6 is a front view showing a portion around the valve head of the intake engine valve according to the representative embodiment and also showing a portion around the valve head of the comparative intake engine valve for comparison. - Each of the additional features and teachings disclosed above and below may be utilized separately or in conjunction with other features and teachings to provide improved intake engine valves. Representative examples of the present invention, which examples utilize many of these additional features and teachings both separately and in conjunction with one another, will now be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. This detailed description is merely intended to teach a person of skill in the art further details for practicing preferred aspects of the present teachings and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Only the claims define the scope of the claimed invention. Therefore, combinations of features and steps disclosed in the following detailed description may not be necessary to practice the invention in the broadest sense, and are instead taught merely to particularly describe representative examples of the invention. Moreover, various features of the representative examples and the dependent claims may be combined is ways that are not specifically enumerated in order to provide additional useful examples of the present teachings.
- In one embodiment, a forged intake engine valve used for opening and closing an intake port of an engine may include a valve head, a valve stem and a tapered portion. The tapered portion may be positioned between the valve head and the valve stem and be tapered such that the tapered portion becomes smaller towards the side of the valve stem. The outer circumferential surface of the tapered portion may be formed as a tapered surface extending along a straight line as viewed in cross section with a taper angle. The valve stem may include a small diameter portion positioned between a guide stem portion and a stem end portion on the side of the tapered portion. The small diameter portion may have a diameter smaller than a diameter or diameters of the guide stem portion and the stem end portion. The guide stem portion may be guided by a valve guide of the engine.
- With the provision of the small diameter portion and the tapered portion, it is possible to improve the mechanical strength of the engine valve. In this way, both the flow rate of intake air and the tumble flow may be increased by increasing the length of the small diameter portion while ensuring the mechanical strength of the engine valve.
- The tapered surface and a backside surface of the valve head may be left as forged surfaces without being machined. Therefore, in comparison with the case where the entire circumferential surface of the engine valve is machined. It may be possible to reduce the number of process steps as well as reduce the manufacturing cost.
- The small diameter portion may be formed such that a terminal end of the small diameter portion on the side of the stem guide portion is positioned proximal to an axial end of the valve guide on the side of the intake port when the engine valve is in an opened position. With this arrangement, it is possible to increase the flow rate of intake air and the tumble flow to or close to maximum values.
- An intake engine valve according to a representative embodiment will now be described with reference to
FIGS. 1 to 6 . For the convenience of explanation, a peripheral device of the intake engine valve will be first described, and the intake engine valve will be described after that.FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the peripheral device of the intake engine valve in the state where the engine intake valve is in an opened position.FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar toFIG. 3 but showing the intake engine valve in a closed position. - Referring to
FIG. 3 , acylinder head 10 of an internal combustion engine may have anintake port 12 that communicates with acombustion chamber 11. Avalve seat 13 may be disposed at a downstream end of theintake port 12. Ametal valve guide 14 may be fitted into thecylinder head 10 so as to have the same axis as thevalve seat 13. Anintake engine valve 20 may have avalve head 22 and avalve stem 24. The intake engine valve 20 (more Specifically, the valve stem 24) may be supported within thevalve guide 14 so as to be able to slidably move in an axial direction (vertical direction as viewed inFIG. 3 ), so that thevalve head 22 can open and close the intake port 12 (more specifically, the valve seat 13). As theintake engine valve 20 is opened, thevalve head 22 moves away from thevalve seat 13, so that intake air can flow into thecombustion chamber 11 via theintake port 12. However, as theintake engine valve 20 is closed (seeFIG. 4 ), thevalve head 22 moves such that it becomes seated on thevalve seat 13, so that intake air is prevented from flowing into thecombustion chamber 11 via theintake port 12. - The
intake engine valve 20 will now be described.FIG. 1 shows a front view of theintake engine valve 20 with a part omitted.FIG. 2 shows a front view of a portion on the side of thevalve head 22 of theintake engine valve 20. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , theintake engine valve 20 may be configured as a poppet valve and may be formed by a forging process. Thevalve head 22 and thevalve stem 24 may have the same axis. Anannular groove 25 may be formed in the outer circumferential surface of the terminal end portion (upper end portion as viewed inFIG. 1 ) throughout the circumferential length thereof. Theannular groove 25 may serve as a mount groove, to which a retainer for a valve spring of a valve actuator (not shown) may be mounted. A large diameter-side surface (lower end surface as viewed inFIG. 1 ) of thevalve head 22 may serve as avalve face 22 a facing the inside of the combustion chamber 11 (seeFIG. 3 ). Ashallow indent 23 may be formed towards the center of thevalve face 22 a. As described previously, a forging process may be used to form theintake engine valve 20, which may include thevalve head 22 and/or thevalve stem 24. More specifically, theintake engine valve 20 may be forged from heat-resisting steel, titanium alloy, or any other suitable metal. As will be explained later, a machining operation such as an abrading or polishing operation may be performed on predetermined portions of the forged material. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , a taperedportion 26 may be formed at a transition position between thevalve head 22 and thevalve stem 24. The taperedportion 26 may be formed during a step in the forging operation. The taperedportion 26 is tapered toward the side of the valve stem 24 (upward). The outer circumferential surface of the taperedportion 26 may be formed as a tapered surface extending along a straight line as viewed from its cross-section within a plane that includes a longitudinal axis L of theengine valve 20. In the following explanation, the language “cross-section” is used to mean a cross-section within a plane that includes the longitudinal axis L of theengine valve 20, unless otherwise noted. The taperedportion 26 may have a taper angle θ1. For example, the taper angle θ1 may be 20°. The taperedportion 26 may have aminimum diameter 26 d that may conform to the diameter of the primary material before the forging process. A height H1 measured from thevalve face 22 a to an axial end portion on the small diameter side of the taperedportion 26 may be 10 mm but may not be limited to this size. - In the following explanation, a portion of the
valve stem 24 that is guided by the valve guide (seeFIG. 3 ) will be referred to as a “guide stemportion 28”, and the end portion (lower end portion) of thevalve stem 24 on the side of the taperedportion 26 will be referred to as a “stemend portion 29”. Asmall diameter portion 30 may be formed to be positioned between theguide stem portion 28 and thestem end portion 29. Thesmall diameter portion 30 may have anouter diameter 30 d smaller than the outer diameters of both theguide stem portion 28 and thestem end portion 29. In one example, theouter diameter 30 d may be 4.5 mm but other sizes may be used. The remaining portion of thevalve stem 24 may exclude theannular groove 23 and thesmaller diameter portion 30 but include theguide stem portion 28 and thestem end portion 29. This remaining portion may have anouter diameter 24 d A height H2 measured from thevalve face 22 a to aterminal end 30 a of thesmall diameter portion 30 on the side of thestem guide portion 28 may be 37 mm in one embodiment. Its size may be varied in other embodiments. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , thesmall diameter portion 30 may be formed such that theterminal end 30 a may be positioned on the side of thestem guide portion 28. Also, anaxial end 14 a of thevalve guide 14 may be positioned on the side of the intake port 12 (lower side as viewed inFIG. 3 ). When theengine valve 20 is in the open position, theterminal end 30 a may be positioned proximal to theaxial end 14 a. As shown inFIG. 2 , the end portion (upper end portion) of thesmall diameter portion 30 on the side of theguide stem portion 28 is configured as an upper connectingportion 31 a. The end portion (lower end portion) of thesmall diameter portion 30 on the side of thestem end portion 29 is configured as a lower connecting portion 31 b. The outer circumferential surfaces of the connectingportions 31 a and 31 b may be configured as curved surfaces smoothly continuing with theguide stem portion 28 and thestem end portion 29, respectively. - An
annular surface 32 may be formed on the backside (i.e., the side opposite thevalve face 22 a) of thevalve head 22. Theannular surface 32 may be a tapered surface extending along a straight line as seen in a cross-sectional view. It may be tapered from the outer circumferential end toward the backside (upwardly as viewed inFIG. 2 ) of thevalve head 22 having a taper angle θ2. For example, the taper angle θ2 may be 45° in one embodiment but it may measure different angles in other embodiments. - The outer circumferential end of the
valve head 22 may be configured as acircumferential end surface 34 having a relatively small axial length. Thecircumferential end surface 34 may have a cylindrical shape with the same diameter as the outer diameter of the large-diameter side edge of theannular surface 32. Aninclined surface 36 configured as a conical surface may be also formed on the backside (i.e., the side opposite to thevalve face 22 a) of thevalve head 22. Theinclined surface 36 may be configured as a tapered surface extending along a straight line as seen in a cross-sectional view. It may taper from the outer circumferential edge on the small-diameter side of theannular surface 32 toward the backside (upwardly as viewed inFIG. 2 ) of thevalve head 22 by a taper angle θ3. The taper angle θ3 may be 12.5° to one embodiment but it may measure different angles in other embodiments. - A concave
curved surface 38 may be also formed on the backside of thevalve head 22 to connect between the large-diameter side outer circumferential edge of the taperedportion 26 and the small-diameter side outer circumferential edge of theinclined surface 36. Thecurved surface 38 may have a curvature radius R as seen in a cross-sectional view. In one example, the curvature radius R may be 7 mm. In this way, theinclined surface 36 and thecurved surface 38 may constitute a backside surface of thevalve head 22. - After the forging process, the
annular surface 32, thecircumferential end surface 34 and the valve stem 24 (including theguide stem portion 28, thestem end portion 29, thesmall diameter portion 30 and the annular groove 25) may be finished through a machining operation. Such a machining operation may, for example, be an abrasion or polishing operation. However, the taperedsurface 26 and the backside surface (i.e., theinclined surface 36 and the curved surface 38) of thevalve head 22 may be left as forged surfaces not having been machined. The height H1 may be measured from thevalve face 22 a to the small-diameter side axial end portion of the taperedsurface 26. This height may correspond to an end point (lower end point) of thevalve stem 24 which may be machined. Therefore, the height H1 will be hereinafter also referred to as “a machined-end height H1”. Thecircumferential end surface 34 may optionally not be machined. An axial terminal end surface 24 a (upper end surface) of the valve stem 24 (seeFIG. 1 ) may be machined or may not be machined. - With the
intake engine valve 20 of the above embodiment, the taperedportion 26 is positioned between thevalve head 22 and thevalve stem 24. Thevalve head 22 and thevalve stem 24 may be formed by a forging process. Theintake engine valve 20 is preferably tapered from the side of thevalve head 22 toward the side of thevalve stem 24. The outer circumferential surface of the taperedportion 26 may be formed as a tapered surface extending along a straight line as seen from a cross-sectional view with a taper angle θ1. Therefore, it is possible to increase the mechanical strength of theengine valve 20. For this reason, it is possible to increase the axial length of thesmall diameter portion 30 of thevalve stem 24 and to increase the flow rate of the intake air and the tumble flow. In this way, it is possible to increase the flow rate of the intake air and the tumble flow while ensuring the strength of theengine valve 20. - In addition, because the tapered
surface 26 and the backside surface (i.e., theinclined surface 36 and the curved surface 38) of thevalve head 22 are left as forged surfaces without being machined, it is possible to reduce the number of process steps in comparison with the case where the entire surface is machined after the forging operation. As a result, it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs. - Further, the
small diameter portion 30 may be formed such that theterminal end 30 a on the side of thestem guide portion 28 may be positioned proximal to theaxial end 14 a of thevalve guide 14 on the side of theintake port 12 when theengine valve 20 is in the opened position. Therefore, it is possible to increase the flow rate of the intake air and the tumble flow to maximum or close to maximum values. In some arrangements, however, theterminal end 30 a is positioned within the length of thevalve guide 14 when theengine valve 20 is in the opened position. This may result in a reduction in the length of thevalve guide 14 which supports thestem guide portion 28. In the embodiment described above, where theterminal end 30 a is positioned proximal to theaxial end 14 a, such a reduction in length of thevalve guide 14 can be avoided. - Next, the
engine valve 20 of the above embodiment will be described further in comparison to a comparative example shown inFIG. 5 .FIG. 5 shows a front view of avalve head 122 of anintake engine valve 120 according to the comparative example (hereinafter referred to as “comparative engine valve 120”).FIG. 6 is a view, in which a front view of thevalve head 22 is indicated by solid lines, while a front view of the portion around thevalve head 122 of thecomparative engine valve 120 is indicated by dotted lines. InFIGS. 5 and 6 , like members are given the same reference numerals as the above embodiment and the description of these members will not be repeated. - Referring to
FIG. 5 , acomparative engine valve 120 has avalve head 122 and avalve stem 124. However, thecomparative engine valve 120 does not include the tapered portion 26 (seeFIG. 2 ) as in the above embodiment. In addition, thevalve stem 124 does not have the small diameter portion 30 (seeFIG. 2 ) as in the above embodiment. Thevalve stem 124 has anouter diameter 124 d that is the same as theouter diameter 24 d of thevalve stem 24 of the above embodiment. A height h1 corresponds to an end point (lower end point) on the side of thevalve head 122 of a machined region of thevalve stem 124 and may be referred to as “a machined-end height h1”. The machined-end height h1 is set to 14 mm. Because the machined-end height H1 of the above embodiment may be set to 10 mm, the machined-end height H1 is smaller than the machined-end height h1. - Similar to the above embodiment, the
valve head 122 has theannular face 32 and thecircumferential end surface 34. A chamferedconical surface 137 is formed on the backside of thevalve head 122. A chamfered angle θ4 of theconical surface 137 may be set, for example, to 30°. A concavecurved surface 138 is preferably formed on the backside of thevalve head 122 to connect thevalve stem 124 and the chamferedconical surface 137. Thecurved surface 138 may have a radius r. In this way, theengine valve 20 of the above embodiment does not have a chamferedconical surface 137, and the radius R of the concavecurved surface 38 may be smaller than the radius r of the comparative example. For this reason, thevalve head 22 of the above embodiment may have a smaller thickness in the axial direction than that of thevalve head 122 of the comparative engine valve 120 (seeFIG. 6 ). In addition, a machining operation, such as an abrasion or polishing operation is performed on the entire outer circumferential surface of thecomparative engine valve 120. - The
engine valve 20 of the above embodiment is different from thecomparative engine valve 120 in that thevalve stem 24 has the taperedsurface 26, so that the mechanical strength can be improved. In this way, it is possible to increase the axial length of thesmall diameter portion 30 of thevalve stem 24, thereby leading to an increase in the flow rate of intake air and to an increase of the tumbling flow. In addition, in theengine valve 20 of the above embodiment, the taperedsurface 26 and the backside surface (i.e., theinclined surface 36 and the curved surface 38) of thevalve head 22 may be left as forged surfaces without being machined. Therefore, in comparison with thecomparative engine valve 120 that requires the machining operation of the entire outer circumferential surface, it is possible to reduce the number of process steps and to reduce manufacturing costs. It was previously mentioned that the thickness in the axial direction of thevalve head 22 may be smaller than that of thevalve head 122 of the comparative example. Similarly, the machined-end height H1 may be smaller than the machined-end height h1. It is possible to increase the axial length of thesmall diameter portion 30 of thevalve stem 24, so that the flow rate of intake air and the tumbling flow can be further increased. The weight of theengine valve 20 may be smaller than that of thecomparative engine valve 120.
Claims (8)
1. A forged intake engine valve used for opening and closing an intake port of an engine, comprising:
a valve head;
a valve stem; and
a tapered portion positioned between the valve head and the valve stem and having a tapered surface tapering from the valve head towards the valve stem, the tapered surface extending along a straight line as viewed in its cross-section and having a taper angle; and
wherein the valve stem includes a small diameter portion positioned between a guide stem portion and a stem end portion on a side of the tapered portion and having a diameter smaller than both a diameter of the guide stem portion and a diameter of the stem end portion, the guide stem portion being configured to be guided by a valve guide of the engine.
2. The forged intake engine valve according to claim 1 , wherein the tapered surface and a backside surface of the valve head are left as forged surfaces without being machined.
3. The forged intake engine valve according to claim 1 , wherein the small diameter portion is formed such that a terminal end of the small diameter portion on the side of the stem guide portion is positioned proximal to an axial end of the valve guide on the side of the intake port when the engine valve is in an opened position.
4. The forged intake engine valve according to claim 2 , wherein the small diameter portion is formed such that a terminal end of the small diameter portion on the side of the stem guide portion is positioned proximal to an axial end of the valve guide on the side of the intake port when the engine valve is in an opened position.
5. The forged intake engine valve according to claim 1 , wherein the taper angle of the tapered portion is about 20°.
6. The forged intake engine valve according to claim 1 , wherein the small diameter portion includes opposite end portions with curved outer surfaces respectively smoothly connected to outer surfaces of the guide stem portion and the stem end portion.
7. The forged intake engine valve according to claim 2 , wherein:
the backside surface of the valve head has a concave surface positioned on the side of the small diameter portion and an inclined surface positioned on the side opposite the small diameter portion;
the concave surface has a radius; and
the inclined surface is configured as a tapered surface extending along a straight line and tapering toward the concave surface.
8. An intake engine valve need for opening and closing an intake port of an engine, comprising:
a valve head;
a valve stem; and
a tapered portion positioned between the valve head and the valve stem and tapering towards the valve stem, an outer circumferential surface of the tapered portion being formed as a tapered surface extending along a straight line in a cross-sectional view and also having a taper angle; and
wherein the valve stem includes a small diameter portion positioned between a guide stem portion and a stem end portion on the side of the tapered portion and having a diameter smaller than both a diameter of the guide stem portion and a diameter of the stem end portion, the guide stem portion being configured to be guided by a valve guide of the engine.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012-117368 | 2012-05-23 | ||
JP2012117368A JP5964134B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2012-05-23 | Engine valve for intake |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20130312694A1 true US20130312694A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
Family
ID=49620586
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/899,327 Abandoned US20130312694A1 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2013-05-21 | Intake engine valves |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20130312694A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5964134B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103422930A (en) |
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CN105888764A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-24 | 殷志成 | Stepped bar type valve |
CN108290256A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2018-07-17 | 巴勒特锻造有限公司 | Fluid end and the method for manufacturing it |
US20200232353A1 (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Engine and gas exchange valve with under-head fillet contoured for chordal stress mitigation |
Families Citing this family (2)
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CN105003311B (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2018-02-02 | 湖南天雁机械有限责任公司 | The engine valve of different neck structures |
CN115788697B (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2025-04-11 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Large cylinder bore natural gas engine |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103422930A (en) | 2013-12-04 |
JP2013245558A (en) | 2013-12-09 |
JP5964134B2 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
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