US20130189917A1

US20130189917A1 - Attic ventilation system

Info

Publication number: US20130189917A1
Application number: US13/356,932
Authority: US
Inventors: Lawrence J. Grubka
Original assignee: Owens Corning Intellectual Capital LLC
Current assignee: Owens Corning Intellectual Capital LLC
Priority date: 2012-01-24
Filing date: 2012-01-24
Publication date: 2013-07-25
Also published as: CA2800625A1

Abstract

A ventilation system for ventilating of an attic is provided. The ventilation system includes an intake vent, a first member and a ventilation fan. The ventilation fan is configured to draw a flow of air from areas external to the building, through the intake vent and through the first member. A manifold adapter is connected to the ventilation fan and configured to receive a flow of air from the ventilation fan. A plurality of manifolds is connected to the manifold adapter. Each manifold has a plurality of apertures and is configured to receive flows of air from the manifold adapter and channel the flows of air through the apertures. A plurality of exhaust vents is in fluid communication with the flows of air from the apertures. The ventilation system is configured to allow flows of air exiting the apertures to circulate within the attic and exit through the exhaust vents.

Description

BACKGROUND

Buildings, such as for example residential buildings, are typically covered by a sloping roof planes. The interior portion of the building located directly below the sloping roof planes can form an interior space called an attic. If unventilated, condensation can form on the interior surfaces within the attic. The condensation can cause damage to various building components within the attic, such as for example insulation, as well as potentially causing damage to the building structure of the attic.
Accordingly it is known to ventilate attics, thereby helping to prevent the formation of condensation. Some buildings are formed with structures and mechanisms that facilitate attic ventilation. The structures and mechanisms can operate in active or passive manners. An example of a structure configured to actively facilitate attic ventilation is an attic fan. An attic fan can be positioned at one end of the attic, typically adjacent an attic gable vent, or positioned adjacent a roof vent. The attic fan is configured to exhaust air within the attic and replace the exhausted air with fresh air.
Examples of structures configured to passively facilitate attic ventilation include ridge vents and eave vents. Ridge vents are structures positioned at a roof ridge, which is the intersection of the uppermost sloping roof planes. In some cases, the ridge vents are designed to cooperate with the eave vents, positioned in the eaves, to allow a flow of air to enter the eave vents, travel through a space between adjoining roof rafters to the attic, travel through the attic and exit through the ridge vents.
However, some buildings may not include structures or mechanisms that facilitate ventilation of an attic. It would be advantageous if a ventilation system for an attic could be provided for buildings with or without ventilating structures or mechanisms.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to this invention there is provided a ventilation system configured to enable ventilation of an attic within a building. The ventilation system includes an intake vent and a first member in fluid communication with the intake vent. A ventilation fan is connected to the first member and configured to draw a flow of air from areas external to the building, through the intake vent and through the first member. A manifold adapter is connected to the ventilation fan and configured to receive a flow of air from the ventilation fan. A plurality of manifolds is connected to the manifold adapter. Each manifold having a plurality of spaced apart apertures and configured to receive a flow of air from the manifold adapter and channel the flow of air through the spaced apart apertures. A plurality of exhaust vents is in fluid communication with the flows of air from the apertures. The ventilation system is configured to allow flows of air exiting from the apertures to circulate within the attic and exit the attic through the exhaust vents.
According to this invention there is also provided a method of enabling ventilation of an attic of a building. The method includes the steps of drawing air from the areas external to the building through an intake vent and into the attic, urging the drawn air into a plurality of manifolds positioned in the attic, each manifold having a plurality of spaced apart apertures, urging the drawn air through the apertures such as to circulate the drawn air within the attic and facilitating the exhaust of the circulating air through an exhaust vent.
Various objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention, when read in light of the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as defining the limits of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially in phantom, of a building structure incorporating a first embodiment of a ventilation system for an attic.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partially in phantom, of a building structure incorporating a second embodiment of a ventilation system for an attic.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partially in phantom, of a building structure incorporating a third embodiment of a ventilation system for an attic.

FIG. 4 is a side view, in elevation, of the third embodiment of the ventilation system of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partially in phantom, of a building structure incorporating a fourth embodiment of a ventilation system for an attic.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view, partially in phantom, of a building structure incorporating a fifth embodiment of a ventilation system for an attic.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be described with occasional reference to the specific embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of dimensions such as length, width, height, and so forth as used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical properties set forth in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained in embodiments of the present invention. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical values, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from error found in their respective measurements.
The description and figures disclose a ventilation system for application within the interior space of an attic of a residence or building. Generally, the ventilation system is configured to draw air from areas external to the building, distribute the air within the attic and facilitate the flow of the circulated air from the attic. The term “attic” as used herein, is defined to mean an interior space located at the upper portion of a building and below the roof. The term “ventilation”, as used herein, is defined to mean a system configured to circulate air.
Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated in FIG. 1, a first example of a ventilation system (hereafter “system”), indicated generally at 10. The ventilation system 10 is incorporated into the interior space forming an attic 12 of a building 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the building 14 is a structure of conventional construction, and includes opposing exterior walls 16 a and 16 b, exterior wall 16 c and an opposing exterior wall (not shown) and a roof structure 18.
The exterior walls 16 a-16 c are configured to separate the interior spaces (not shown) of the building 14 from areas 20 exterior to the building 14, as well as providing a protective and aesthetically pleasing covering to the sides of the building 14. The exterior walls 16 a-16 c can be formed using any typical construction methods, such as the non-limiting example of stick and frame construction. The exterior walls 16 a-16 c can include any desired wall covering (not shown), such as for example brick, wood, or vinyl siding, sufficient to provide a protective and aesthetically pleasing covering to the sides of the building 14.
Referring again to FIG. 1, a ceiling (not shown) is formed within the building 14, adjacent the upper portions of the exterior walls 16 a-16 c. The ceiling can include a ceiling covering attached to ceiling joists. The ceiling covering can be made from any desired materials, including the non-limiting examples of ceiling tile or drywall.
As shown in FIG. 1, the attic 12 can be formed in the interior space between the ceiling and the roof structure 18. Optionally, one of more layers of insulation 22 can be installed in the attic 12 and positioned over the ceiling to insulate the interior spaces of the building 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the layers of insulation 22 are formed from loosefill insulation. The loosefill insulation is made of glass fibers although other mineral fibers, organic fibers and cellulose fibers can be used. However, in other embodiments, the layers of insulation 22 can be formed from other insulative structures, such as for example blankets or batts, sufficient to insulate the interior space of the building 14.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the roof structure 18 includes a plurality of roof rafters 24 connected to a ridge board 26. The roof rafters 24 are configured to support other structures, such as for example, a roof deck formed by a plurality of sheathing panels 92 and shingles (not shown). The plurality of roof rafters 24 and the supported roof deck form a first sloped framework 28 and an opposing second sloped framework 30. The first sloped framework 28 includes a lower end 36 and the second sloped framework 30 includes a lower end (not shown).
A first gable 32 is formed between the first sloped framework 28, the second sloped framework 30 and the exterior wall 16 c. Similarly, a second gable 34 is formed between the first sloped framework 28, the second sloped framework 30 and the exterior wall opposite the exterior wall 16 c.
The roof structure 18 shown in FIG. 1 is notable in that the lower end 36 of the first sloped framework 28 extends only a minimal distance beyond the exterior wall 16 a. Similarly, the lower end of the second sloped framework 30 extends only a minimal distance beyond the exterior wall opposite the exterior wall 16 b. The minimal extension of the lower ends of the first and second sloped frameworks, 28 and 30, beyond the exterior walls, 16 a and 16 b, does not allow enough space for soffits. Accordingly, the building 14 cannot use conventional ventilation systems employing combinations of soffit vents, gable vents and/or ridge vents.
As discussed above, it is desirable to ventilate the attic 12. Generally, the ventilation system 10 is configured to draw air from areas 20 exterior to the building 14, distribute and circulate the air within the attic 12 and facilitate the flow of the circulated air from the attic 12. The ventilation system 10 includes an intake vent 48, a first member 50, a ventilation fan 52, a manifold adapter 54, a first manifold 56, a second manifold 58 and a controller 46.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the intake vent 48 is positioned in the first gable 32. The intake vent 48 is configured to allow a flow of air to enter the ventilation system 10 from areas 20 external to the building 14. As will be discussed in more detail below, the intake vent 48 is sized to provide a desired net free vent area. While the illustrated embodiment shows the intake vent 48 as having a triangular shape, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the intake vent 48 can have other shapes, such as the non-limiting example of a rectangular shape.
The first member 50 has an inlet end 60 connected to an outlet end 62 by a conduit 64. The inlet end 60 of the first member 50 is positioned adjacent an interior side of the intake vent 48 and has a shape that approximates the shape of the intake vent 48. The outlet end 62 of the first member 50 is connected to the ventilation fan 52. The first member 50 is configured to channel a flow of air drawn from the areas 20 external to the building 14, through the intake vent 48, to the ventilation fan 52, as shown by direction arrow D1. In the illustrated embodiment, the first member 50 is formed from polymeric material, such as the non-limiting example of polyvinylchloride (pvc) and has a nominal diameter in a range of from about 4.0 inches to about 10.0 inches. In other embodiments, the first member 50 can be formed from other materials including galvanized steel, polymeric foam-based materials and fiberglass/resin materials and the nominal diameter can be less than about 4.0 inches or more than about 10.0 inches.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 shows the first member 50 as a one-piece structure having a bend of about 90°, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the first member 50 can be any desired assembly of elbows and straight pieces sufficient to channel a flow of air drawn from areas 20 external to the building 14, through the intake vent 48, to the ventilation fan 52. In still other embodiments, the ventilation fan 52 can be arranged to eliminate the bend in the first member 50.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the inlet end 60 of the first member 50 has a cross-sectional shape that approximates the shape of the intake vent 48 and the outlet end 62 of the first member 50 has a circular shape that communicates with the ventilation fan 52. However, in other embodiments, portions of the first member 50, including the inlet end 60, outlet end 62 and conduit 64 can have any desired cross-sectional shapes, including the non-limiting examples of square, rectangular or ovular cross-sectional shapes.
Optionally, the inlet end 60 of the first member 50 can be configured with a screen (not shown) extending substantially across the inlet end 60 and configured to prevent insects from entering the first member 50.
The ventilation fan 52 is connected to the outlet end 62 of the first member 50 and also connected to an inlet end 66 of the manifold adapter 54. The ventilation fan 52 is configured to draw air from areas 20 external to the building 14, through the intake vent 48, through the first member 50 and further configured to force the drawn air into the manifold adapter 54. In the illustrated embodiment, the ventilation fan 52 is an in-line style of fan, that is, the rotational axis of the ventilation fan 52 generally aligns with the center axis of the outlet end 62 of the first member 50 and the center axis of the inlet end 66 of the manifold adapter 54. In other embodiments, the ventilation fan 52 can be other styles, such that the ventilation fan 52 is not in-line with the center axis of the outlet end 62 of the first member 50 and the center axis of the inlet end 66 of the manifold adapter 54.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the ventilation fan 52 has an air flow rating in a range of from about 600 cubic feet per minute to about 1300 cubic feet per minute. In other embodiments, the ventilation fan 52 can have an air flow rating less than about 600 cubic feet per minute or more than about 1300 cubic feet per minute. One non-limiting example of an in-line ventilation fan 52 is the Fantech FR250 marketed by Fantech, Inc., headquartered in Sarasota, Fla. However, it should be appreciated that other ventilation fans 52 cans be used.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the inlet end 66 of the manifold adapter 54 is connected to the ventilation fan 52. The manifold adapter 54 has a plurality of outlet branches 68 a and 68 b. Outlet branch 68 a is connected to the first manifold 56 and outlet branch 68 b is connected to the second manifold 58. The manifold adapter 54 is configured to channel a flow of air exiting from the ventilation fan 52 and direct the flow of air into the first and second manifolds 56 and 58, as shown by direction arrows D2. In the illustrated embodiment, the manifold adapter 54 is formed from polymeric material, such as the non-limiting example of polyvinylchloride (pvc) and has a nominal diameter in a range of from about 4.0 inches to about 10.0 inches. In other embodiments, the manifold adapter 54 can be formed from other materials including galvanized steel and fiberglass/resin materials and the nominal diameter can be less than about 4.0 inches or more than about 10.0 inches.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 shows the manifold adapter 54 as a one-piece structure having several bends totaling about 45°, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the manifold adapter 54 can be any desired assembly of elbows and straight pieces sufficient to channel a flow of air exiting from the ventilation fan 52 and direct the flow of air into the first and second manifolds 56 and 58. In still other embodiments, the first and second manifolds 56 and 58 can be arranged to eliminate the bends in the manifold adapter 54.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the manifold adapter 54 has a circular cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, the manifold adapter 54 can have other cross-sectional shapes, including the non-limiting examples of square, rectangular or ovular cross-sectional shapes.
While the embodiment of the manifold adapter 54 illustrated in FIG. 1 shows a quantity of two outlet branches, 68 a and 68 b, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the manifold adapter 54 can have more than two outlet branches.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the outlet branch 68 a of the manifold adapter 54 is connected to the first manifold 56. Similarly, the outlet branch 68 b of the manifold adapter 54 is connected to the second manifold 56. The first and second manifolds 56 and 58 are configured to extend a distance from the manifold adapter 54. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, extend substantially the length of the roof structure 18. In other embodiments, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can extend any desired length. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, extend in directions that are substantially parallel with the ridge board 26. Alternatively, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can extend in directions that are at other orientations relative to the ridge board 26.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, are positioned to be just above the top of the insulation layer 22 and adjacent to the roof rafters 24. Without being held to the theory and as will be discussed in more detail below, it is believed that positioning of the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, in these locations provides an improved circulation of air within the attic 12.
The first manifold 56 includes an end cap 70 a. Similarly, the second manifold 58 includes an end cap 70 b. The end caps, 70 a and 70 b, are configured to prevent the flow of air from the ends of the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58. In the illustrated embodiment, the end caps, 70 a and 70 b, are continuous, flat structures, made from a polymeric material, and adhered to the ends of the first and second manifolds, 70 a and 70 b. In other embodiments, the end caps, 70 a and 70 b, can be other structures, made from other materials and can be attached to the ends of the first and second manifolds, 70 a and 70 b, in other manners.
The first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, are configured to channel flows of air exiting from the manifold adapter 54 and direct the flows of air to a plurality of apertures 72, as shown by direction arrows D3. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, are formed from rigid polymeric material, such as the non-limiting example of polyvinylchloride (pvc) and have nominal diameters in a range of from about 4.0 inches to about 10.0 inches. In other embodiments, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can be formed from other materials including galvanized steel and fiberglass/resin materials and the nominal diameters can be less than about 4.0 inches or more than about 10.0 inches. In still other embodiments, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can be formed from flexible materials, such as the non-limiting example of a polymeric film formed into a tubular shape.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the plurality of apertures 72 can be positioned in any desired location along the length of the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, and any desired quantity of apertures 72 can be used. In certain embodiments, the apertures 72 can be fitted with nozzles (not shown). The nozzles can be configured to direct the flows of air in any desired direction.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 shows the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, as one-piece structures having bends to connect to the manifold adapter 54, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can be any desired assembly of elbows and straight pieces sufficient to channel flows of air exiting from the manifold adapter 54 and direct the flows of air to the plurality of apertures 72.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, have a circular cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can have other cross-sectional shapes, including the non-limiting examples of square, rectangular or ovular cross-sectional shapes.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, are supported by and attached to the roof rafters 24 by straps 74. The straps can be formed from any desired material or materials, such as for example, metallic or polymeric materials. While the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 shows the manifolds, 56 and 58, as attached by the straps 74, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can be supported by and attached to the roof rafters 24 by other desired structure, mechanisms or devices including the non-limiting example of duct hangers. In still other embodiments, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can be supported by and attached to other structures within the attic 12. In still other embodiments, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can be free-standing, that is, the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, can have support structures, such as for example legs, that extend through the one of more layers of insulation 22 to the ceiling.
The controller 46 is in communication with a plurality of sensors (not shown). The sensors are configured to provide information to the controller concerning various environmental parameters within the attic 12. Non-limiting examples of environmental information include humidity, temperature and pressure. The controller 46 is also in communication with the ventilation fan 52 such that the controller 46 can control the operation of the ventilation fan 52. While the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 illustrates the controller 46 as being positioned adjacent the ventilation fan 52, it should be appreciated that the controller 46 can be positioned in any desired location provided the controller can communicate with the sensors and control the operation of the ventilation fan 52.
Referring again to FIG. 1, a plurality of ridge vents 91 is formed in the roof structure 18 between the ridge board 26 and the sheathing 92 (for purposes of simplicity, only a single ridge vent 91 is illustrated). The ridge vents 91 are configured to allow the air circulating within the attic 12 to exit the attic 12 as represented by arrows D4. Similar to the intake vent 48, the ridge vents 91 are sized to provide a desired net free vent area. The net free vent area of the ridge vent 91 will be discussed in more detail below.
In operation, the sensors communicate environmental information concerning the attic 12 to the controller 46. Upon reaching predetermined environmental levels, the controller 46 activates the ventilation fan 52. Activation of the ventilation fan 52 causes a flow of air (as represented by arrow D1) to be drawn from areas 20 external to the building 14, through the intake vent 48, through the first member 50 and into the ventilation fan 52. The ventilation fan 52 further causes the flow of air to be directed through the manifold adapter 54. The manifold adapter 54 channels the flow of air exiting from the ventilation fan 52 into the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, (as represented by arrows D2). The flows of air entering each of the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58, are channeled to the apertures 72, where the flows of air exit the first and second manifolds, 56 and 58 (as represented by arrows D3). The flows of air exiting the apertures 72 contact the first and second sloped frameworks, 28 and 30, thereby forcing the flows of air to circulate within the attic 12 and providing active ventilation to the attic 12. The flows of air circulating within the attic 12 can exit the attic 12 through the ridge vents 91 (as represented by arrows D4).
To work most efficiently, an attic ventilation system must balance the ventilating requirement (called the total net free area) between the intake vents and the exhaust vents. In certain calculations, the total net free area is calculated as the attic square footage divided by 150 (certain building codes call for the total net free ventilating area to be not less than 1/150^thof the area of the space to be ventilated). For optimum ventilating performance, the resulting total net free area is then balanced as 50% for the intake and 50% for the exhaust. The intake vent 48 and the ridge vents 91 are then sized accordingly. In other scenarios, the total net free area is calculated as the attic square footage divided by 300 (in the scenario where 50% of the required ventilating area is provided by ventilators located in the upper portion of the space to be ventilated at least three feet above the eaves with the balance of the required ventilation provided by eaves or cornice vents.
Another embodiment of a ventilation system is illustrated in FIG. 2 at 110. Generally, the ventilation system 110 is the same as, or similar to the ventilation system 10 as shown in FIG. 1 and described above, with the addition of an exhaust system 180. Generally, the exhaust system 180 is configured to draw air circulating within the attic 112 and channel the drawn air to areas external to a building 114.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the ventilation system 110 includes an intake vent 148, a first member 150, a ventilation fan 152, a manifold adapter 154, a first manifold 156 and a second manifold 158. In the illustrated embodiment, the intake vent 148, first member 150, ventilation fan 152, manifold adapter 154, first manifold 156 and second manifold 158 are the same as, or similar to, the intake vent 48, first member 50, ventilation fan 52, manifold adapter 54, first manifold 56 and second manifold 58 shown in FIG. 1 and described above. However, in other embodiments, the intake vent 148, first member 150, ventilation fan 152, manifold adapter 154, first manifold 156 and second manifold 158 can be different from the intake vent 48, first member 50, ventilation fan 52, manifold adapter 54, first manifold 56 and second manifold 58. The intake vent 148, first member 150, ventilation fan 152, manifold adapter 154, first manifold 156 and second manifold 158 combine to circulate air within the attic 112 and provide active ventilation to the attic 112 in the same manner as described above. The ventilation system 110 further includes an exhaust manifold 151, an exhaust fan 153, exhaust member 157 and exhaust vent 159.
The exhaust manifold 151 includes a first end 172 a connected to a second end 172 b by a conduit 173. The conduit 173 includes a plurality of spaced apart apertures 175. The first end 172 a of the exhaust manifold 151 is positioned within the interior of the attic 112. The second end 172 b of the exhaust manifold 151 is connected to the exhaust fan 153. The exhaust manifold 151 is configured to channel flows of drawn air, as represented by arrows D5, from the interior of the attic 112 to the exhaust fan 153, as represented by arrows D6.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the exhaust manifold 151 is configured to extend a distance along the length of the roof structure 118. In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust manifold 151 extends substantially the length of the roof structure 118 and in a direction that is substantially parallel with the ridge board 126. In other embodiments, the exhaust manifold 151 can extend any desired length and can extend in other directions relative to the ridge board 126.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the exhaust manifold 151 is positioned just below the ridge board 126 and adjacent to the roof rafters 124. In this position, the exhaust manifold 151 can draw air circulating from the first and second manifolds, 156 and 158. However, in other embodiments, the exhaust manifold 151 can be positioned in other desired locations.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the exhaust manifold 151 is a rigid structure formed from polymeric material, such as the non-limiting example of polyvinylchloride (pvc) and has a nominal diameter in a range of from about 4.0 inches to about 10.0 inches. In other embodiments, the exhaust manifold 151 can be formed from other materials including galvanized steel and fiberglass/resin materials and the nominal diameter can be less than about 4.0 inches or more than about 10.0 inches.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 shows the exhaust manifold 151 as a one-piece structure, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the exhaust manifold 151 can be any desired assembly of fittings, members and pieces sufficient to draw air circulating within the attic 112 through the plurality of apertures 175.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust manifold 151 has a circular cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, the exhaust manifold 151 can have other cross-sectional shapes, including the non-limiting examples of square, rectangular or ovular cross-sectional shapes.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the exhaust manifold 151 is supported by and attached to the roof rafters 124 by straps 174. In the illustrated embodiment, the straps 174 are the same as, or similar to, the straps 74 shown in FIG. 1 and discussed above. In other embodiments, the straps 174 can be different than the straps 74. In still other embodiments, the exhaust manifold 151 can be supported by and attached to other portions of the roof structure 118 by other desired structures, mechanisms or devices.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 shows a single exhaust manifold 151, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, more than one exhaust manifold 151 can be used.
Optionally, an end cap 182 is attached to the first end 172 a of the exhaust manifold 151. The end cap 182 is configured to prevent the draw of circulating air from the first end 172 a of the exhaust manifold 151. In the illustrated embodiment, the end cap 182 is a continuous, flat structure, made from a polymeric material, and adhered to the first end 172 a of the exhaust manifold 151. In other embodiments, the end cap 182 can be other structures, made from other materials and can be attached to the first end 172 a of the exhaust manifold 151 in other manners.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the second end 172 b of the exhaust manifold 151 is connected to the exhaust fan 153. The exhaust fan 153 is configured to draw circulating air from the interior of the attic 112 through the apertures 175 of the exhaust manifold 151 and urge the drawn air into the exhaust member 157 as represented by arrow D7. In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust fan 153 is the same as, or similar to, the ventilation fan 52 shown in FIG. 1 as described above. In other embodiments, the exhaust fan 153 can be different than the ventilation fan 52.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the exhaust member 157 has an inlet 161 a connected to an outlet 161 b by a conduit 164. The inlet 161 a of the exhaust member 157 is connected to the ventilation fan 153. The outlet 161 b of the exhaust member 157 is connected to an exhaust vent 159. The exhaust member 157 is configured to channel a flow of air exiting from the exhaust fan 153, through the exhaust vent 159, to areas external to the building 114. In the same manner as discussed above, the exhaust vent 159 is sized to provide a desired net free vent area. In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust member 157 is formed from the same materials as the first member 50 shown in FIG. 1 and has a similar diameter. In other embodiments, the exhaust member 157 can be formed from other materials including galvanized steel, polymeric foam-based materials and fiberglass/resin materials and can have other diameters.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 shows the exhaust member 157 as a one-piece structure, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the exhaust member 157 can be any desired assembly of fittings, members and pieces sufficient to channel a flow of air exiting from the exhaust fan 153 to the external areas of the building 114.
Optionally, the outlet 161 b of the exhaust member 157 can be configured with a screen (not shown) extending substantially across the outlet 161 b and configured to prevent insects from entering the exhaust member 157.
In operation, the intake vent 148, first member 150, ventilation fan 152, manifold adapter 154, first manifold 156 and second manifold 158 circulate flows of air within the attic 112 as discussed above. Simultaneously, the exhaust manifold 151, exhaust fan 153, exhaust member 157 and exhaust vent 159 operate to draw the air circulating within the attic 112 into the exhaust manifold 151 through the apertures 175 and channel the drawn air through the exhaust member 157 and the exhaust vent 159 to the external areas of the building 114.
In a manner similar to that described for FIG. 1, the resulting total net free area of the attic ventilation system 110 is balanced between the intake vent 148 and the exhaust vent 159 such as to optimize the ventilating performance.
Another embodiment of a ventilation system is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 generally at 210. This embodiment is the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, with the exception that air drawn from areas external to the building 214 is drawn through one or more ridge vent fixtures 290 and not drawn through an intake vent positioned in a gable.
Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4, the ridge vent fixture 290 is positioned along a ridge opening 291 formed between a ridge board 226 and sheathing 292. The ridge vent fixture 290 is connected to a first member 250, which is connected to a ventilation fan 252. The ridge vent fixture 290 is configured to allow a flow of external air to be drawn through the ridge vent fixture 290 and into the first member 250 by the ventilation fan 252, as represented by direction arrow D8.
In operation, the ventilation fan 252 draws a flow of air from areas external to the building 214 through the ridge vent fixture 290, and through the first member 250. The first and second manifolds, 256 and 258, circulate flows of air within the attic 212 as discussed above. The flows of air circulating within the attic 212 exit the attic 212 through the ridge vent opening 291, as represented by arrows D9 in FIG. 3.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 shows a quantity of one ridge vent fixture 290 connected to the first member 250, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments more than one ridge vent fixture 290 can be used.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 shows the ridge vent fixture 290 positioned at one end of the attic 212, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the ridge vent fixture 290 can be positioned at any location along the length of the ridge opening 291.
Another embodiment of a ventilation system is shown in FIG. 5 generally at 310. This embodiment is the same as the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, with the exception that air drawn from areas external to the building 214 flows through one or more roof vents 390 and not through a ridge vent fixture.
Referring again to FIG. 5, the roof vent 390 is positioned at a convenient location on the roof structure 318. The roof vent 390 is connected to a first member 350, which is connected to a ventilation fan 352. The roof vent 390 is configured to allow a flow of external air to be drawn through the roof vent 390 and into the first member 350 by the ventilation fan 352, as represented by direction arrow D10. The roof vent 390 can be any desired structure sufficient to allow a flow of external air to be drawn through the roof vent 390 and into the first member 350 by the ventilation fan 352.
In operation, the ventilation fan 352 draws a flow of air from areas external to the building 214, through the roof vent 390, and through the first member 350. The first and second manifolds, 356 and 358, circulate flows of air within the attic 312 as discussed above. The flows of air circulating within the attic 312 exit the attic 312 through ridge vents (not shown).
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 shows a quantity of one roof vent 390 connected to the first member 350, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments more than one roof vent 390 can be used.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 shows the roof vent 390 to be positioned at one end of the attic 312, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the roof vent 390 can be positioned at any location on the roof structure 318.
Another embodiment of a ventilation system is shown in FIG. 6 generally at 410. This embodiment is the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, with the exception that each manifold has a dedicated roof vent in lieu of each manifold being connected to a manifold adapter. For example, a first manifold 456 is connected to a first fan 452 a, which is connected to a first member 450 a and a first roof vent 490 a. In a similar manner, the second manifold 458 is connected to a second fan 452 b, which is connected to a second member 450 b and a second roof vent 490 b. In this manner, the manifold adapter 354 shown in FIG. 5 is eliminated. The ventilation system 410 operates as described above.
While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 shows a quantity of two manifolds, 456 and 458, connected respectively to two roof vents, 490 a and 490 b, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, more than two manifolds and more than two roof vents can be used.
While the embodiments of the attic ventilation system discussed above have been described as applied to roof structures that cannot use conventional ventilations systems employing soffit vents, it is within the contemplation of this invention that the various embodiments of the attic ventilation system can be used with conventional ventilation system, that is, with ventilation systems employing soffit vents. In these instances, the attic ventilation system can enhance or supplement the conventional ventilation system by providing an active control of the ventilating characteristics of a portion of the overall ventilating system.
The principles and mode of operation of the attic ventilation system have been described in its preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that the attic ventilation system may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its scope.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A ventilation system configured to enable ventilation of an attic within a building, the system comprising:

an intake vent;

a first member in fluid communication with the intake vent;

a ventilation fan connected to the first member and configured to draw a flow of air from areas external to the building, through the intake vent and through the first member;

a manifold adapter connected to the ventilation fan and configured to receive a flow of air from the ventilation fan;

a plurality of manifolds connected to the manifold adapter, each manifold having a plurality of spaced apart apertures, each manifold configured to receive a flow of air from the manifold adapter and channel the flow of air through the spaced apart apertures; and

a plurality of exhaust vents in fluid communication with the flows of air from the apertures;

wherein the ventilation system is configured to allow flows of air exiting from the apertures to circulate within the attic and exit the attic through the exhaust vents.

2. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the first member is formed from a polymeric material.

3. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the first member has a diameter in a range of from about 4.0 inches to about 10.0 inches.

4. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the ventilation fan is an in-line style of fan.

5. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the ventilation fan has an air flow rating in a range of from about 600 cubic feet per minute to about 1300 cubic feet per minute.

6. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the manifold adapter has a diameter in a range of from about 4.0 inches to about 10.0 inches.

7. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the manifold adapter is formed as a one-piece structure.

8. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the manifold adapter has more than one outlet.

9. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the attic has a length and the manifolds extend substantially the length of the attic.

10. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the building includes a ridge board and the manifolds extend in directions substantially parallel to the ridge board.

11. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the attic has one or more layers of insulation and the manifolds are positioned just above the top layer of the insulation.

12. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the manifolds have a diameter in a range of from about 4.0 inches to about 10.0 inches.

13. The ventilation system of claim 1, wherein the apertures are fitted with nozzles.

14. The ventilation system of claim 1, further including an exhaust system configured to draw air circulating within the attic and channel the drawn air to areas external to the building.

15. The ventilation system of claim 14, wherein the exhaust system includes an exhaust fan.

16. The ventilation system of claim 14, wherein the exhaust system includes at least one exhaust manifold having spaced apart apertures.

17. The ventilation system of claim 14, wherein the vent is a ridge vent.

18. A method of enabling ventilation of an attic of a building, the method comprising the steps of:

drawing air from the areas external to the building through an intake vent and into the attic;

urging the drawn air into a plurality of manifolds positioned in the attic, each manifold having a plurality of spaced apart apertures;

urging the drawn air through the apertures such as to circulate the drawn air within the attic; and

facilitating the exhaust of the circulating air through an exhaust vent.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the exhaust vent is a ridge vent.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein a ventilation fan is used to draw the air from areas external to the building and is further used to urge the drawn air through the apertures in the manifolds.