US20130108585A1 - Conjugated linoleic acid-producing strains of probiotic bacteria and use thereof for the preparation of a food, dietetic or pharmaceutical composition - Google Patents
Conjugated linoleic acid-producing strains of probiotic bacteria and use thereof for the preparation of a food, dietetic or pharmaceutical composition Download PDFInfo
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- US20130108585A1 US20130108585A1 US13/516,579 US201013516579A US2013108585A1 US 20130108585 A1 US20130108585 A1 US 20130108585A1 US 201013516579 A US201013516579 A US 201013516579A US 2013108585 A1 US2013108585 A1 US 2013108585A1
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- linoleic acid
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/741—Probiotics
- A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
- A61K35/745—Bifidobacteria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/741—Probiotics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
- C12P7/6427—Polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone
- C12P7/6431—Linoleic acids [18:2[n-6]]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K2035/11—Medicinal preparations comprising living procariotic cells
- A61K2035/115—Probiotics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
Definitions
- the present invention relates to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-producing strains of probiotic bacteria.
- the present invention relates to a selection of bacterial strains belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium which were selected for their ability to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA).
- the present invention relates to a food, dietetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising said bacterial strains and capable of increasing the quantity of CLA in situ, i.e. inside the gastrointestinal tract.
- conjugated linoleic acid CLA
- LA linoleic acid
- the subject matter of the present invention relates to a selection of strains of probiotic bacteria capable of converting linoleic acid (LA) into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), as claimed in the appended claim.
- the subject matter of the present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition for use as a medication, as claimed in the appended claim.
- the subject matter of the present invention further relates to the use of at least one bacterial strain capable of converting LA into CLA for the preparation of a composition, as claimed in the appended claim.
- Table 1 shows the qualitative and quantitative composition of three culture media used in the present invention: TPY, MRS and LATPg.
- Table 2 shows the absorbance values obtained from the spectrophotometric reading at a wavelength of 233 nm with respect to the concentrations of CLA.
- Table 3 shows the regression line obtained with the values shown in table 2.
- Table 4 shows the pour plate counts obtained using the TPY and MRS culture media at different concentrations of LA.
- Table 5 shows the values obtained for the concentration of CLA/ml produced; percentage of LA-CLA conversion (expressed as CLA produced/0.50 mg/ml LA); CLA concentration ratio/OD 600 nm.
- Table 6 shows the quantification of CLA present in the TPY culture medium with and without inoculation of LA.
- Table 7 shows the resistance of selected strains to gastric juices, bile and pancreatic secretion.
- FIG. 1 shows the growth curves in time of the strain B. breve DSM 20213 in TPY and MRS broth at different concentrations of LA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml). The initial pH for the TPY culture broth is 6.11; for MRS it is 5.83. The final pH values are given in the FIGURE itself.
- said strains belong to the species B. longum and B. breve.
- strains selected by the applicant are selected from the group comprising:
- the applicant has surprisingly found that the selected strains belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium are capable of converting linoleic acid (LA) into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), with a conversion rate greater than 65%.
- LA linoleic acid
- CLA conjugated linoleic acid
- the selected strains are capable of converting linoleic acid (LA) into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), with a conversion rate greater than 70%; even more advantageously, greater than 90%.
- LA means an omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid called [cis, cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid] CAS N. 60-33-3 (also known as 18:2(n-6)).
- CLA means a group of at least 28 isomers of linoleic acid found, for example, in meat and in dairy products.
- the group comprises the isomer [cis-9,trans-11] and the isomer [trans-10,cis-12], among others.
- conversion of LA into CLA refers to the obtainment of a mixture comprising the isomer [cis-9,trans-11] and the isomer [trans-10,cis-12], where the former is present in larger quantity or, alternatively, to the obtainment solely of the isomer [cis-9,trans-11].
- strains tested by the appliicant are of human origin and were isolated from faecal material.
- strains were also tested to verify their resistance to gastric juices, bile and pancreatic secretion.
- (*) indicates the survival of probiotic strains in two different types of gastric juices and in a simulated pancreatic secretion at 37° C. after different contact times (5 and 30 minutes).
- (**) indicates the results of survival in the presence of biliary secretion, assessed by comparing the number of colonies grown in a culture medium “with” and “without” the addition of bile salts or human bile.
- This aspect is of particular importance as it guarantees that a sufficient number of viable cells are able to reach the intestine, where the transformation of linoleic acid (LA) into its conjugated form (CLA) takes place.
- LA linoleic acid
- CLA conjugated form
- the bacteria contained in the composition of the present invention are able to overcome the gastric barrier and duodenal transit, thus enabling colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract and the conversion of LA into CLA directly in situ, preferably in the gastrointestinal tract.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, at least one strain belonging to the species B. breve , selected from the group B. breve DSM 16604 , B. breve DSM 16596 and B. breve DSM 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, B. breve DSM 16604.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises or consists of at least two strains belonging to the species B. breve , selected from the group B. breve DSM 16604 , B. breve DSM 16596 and B. breve DSM 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, B. breve DSM 16604 and B. breve DSM 16596.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, B. breve DSM 16604 and B. breve DSM 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, B. breve DSM 16596 and B. breve DSM 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, at least three strains belonging to the species B. Breve , selected from the group B. breve DSM 16604, B. breve DSM 16596 and B. breve DSM 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises:
- the ratio of viable cells is comprised from 1:3 to 3:1, preferably 1:1.
- the ratio of viable cells is comprised from 3:1:1 to 1:1:1 ( B. breve DSM 16604: B. breve DSM 16596: B. breve DSM 20213).
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04, DSM 23233.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04, DSM 23233, in association with at least one of the following strains: Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604 , Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16596 or Bifidobacterium breve DSMZ 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04 DSM 23233 and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04 DSM 23233 and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16596.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04 DSM 23233 and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04, DSM 23233, in association with at least two of the following strains: Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16596 or Bifidobacterium breve DSMZ 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04 DSM 23233, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604 and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16596.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04 DSM 23233, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604 and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04 DSM 23233, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16596 and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04, DSM 23233, in association with at least three of the following strains: Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16596 and Bifidobacterium breve DSMZ 20213.
- the food or dietetic or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises, or alternatively consists of, Bifidobacterium longum BL04 DSM 23233, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604 , Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16596 and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213.
- the ratio, in terms of viable cells, between Bifidobacterium longum , BL04, DSM 23233 and the above-mentioned set of strains of Bifidocbacterium breve is comprised from 1:3 to 3:1, preferably 1:1.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the bacterial strains as specified above is indicated for use as a medication, preferably as an anti-inflammatory, in particular for the preventive and/or curative treatment of intestinal disorders, diarrhea and inflammation of the colon, increasing the lean body mass, increasing thermogenesis, cancer prevention and protection against oxidative stress.
- composition of the present invention has application in the preventive or curative treatment of conjugated linoleic acid deficiences.
- composition of the present invention can be formulated in solid, lyophilised or dried form, for example in powder or granular form.
- one pharmaceutical form of interest is tablets or hard or soft gelatin capsules.
- these may comprise an inner part comprising the bacterial strains and an outer coating part.
- the coating may comprise water-soluble polymers and/or polymers able to withstand the pH variations in the stomach and enable passage into the intestinal tract.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for the production of conjugated linoleic acid.
- the method involves a step wherein one or more bacterial strains, as specified above, are cultivated/fermented in the presence of linoleic acid and the conjugated linoleic acid formed is subsequently isolated.
- the method can be carried out in a laboratory or on an industrial scale.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the conversion from LA to CLA directly in the body once an individual has taken the composition of the present invention.
- the conjugated linoleic acid that is obtained in larger quantity is the isomer [cis-9, trans-11 octadecadienoic acid], as compared to the isomer [trans-10, cis 12].
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of at least one bacterial strain, as specified above, to prepare a composition for the treatment of disorders or pathologies connected to a deficiency of linoleic acid derivatives.
- the applicant developed a culture medium suitable for carrying out the selection of strains and perfected the spectrophotometric techniques used to carry out the selection of CLA-producing bacterial strains, with readings at a wavelength of 233 nm.
- the strain B. breve DSMZ 20213 was selected as candidate for the linoleic acid toxicity test. Said strain, in fact, is able to grow in the presence of LA and displays good rates of conversion into CLA. Moreover, B. breve DSMZ 20213 was used for subsequent analyses as a positive control. Therefore, starting from the frozen form of said strain, it was possible to revive it in three different culture media, which are specified in table 1.
- the media were sterilized in an autoclave at 121° C. for 15′.
- the pH values of the media were 6.60 ⁇ 0.10 at 25° C., 6.20 ⁇ 0.20 at 25° C. and 6.5 ⁇ 0.5 at 25° C., respectively, for TPY, MRS and LAPTg broth.
- Revival was achieved by inoculating 1% of B. breve DSMZ 20213 into 10 ml of the three culture media with the addition of 10 cysteine chlorohydrate (5% sol.) and subsequent incubation under anaerobic conditions using Gas-Packs at 37° C. ⁇ 1° C. for 24 hours ⁇ 1 hour. This operation was carried out through two successive transplants to permit complete revival of the strain.
- the strain thus revived was inoculated at 1% in 10 ml of the three different culture media prepared as described above, with the addition of three solutions at different concentrations of linoleic acid, precisely 0, 0.5, 1.0 mg/ml (Sigma-Aldrich cod. L1276), and then incubated in the Gas-Pack at 37 ⁇ 1° C. for 16 hours ⁇ 1 hour.
- a count was carried out by means of spectrophotometric reading at 600 nm at the start, at 6 hours and at the end of the incubation period.
- the pH was recorded at the start and at the end of the incubation period.
- the strains were thawed and reactivated.
- strain B. breve DSMZ 20213 was selected as a positive control. The same procedure was also applied on a sample of culture medium prepared without inoculum and with the addition of LA, to be used as a blank sample.
- the TPY broth after being supplemented with 1% of cysteine chlorohydrate (5% sol.), was selected as the culture medium for the steps of reactivation and growth in the presence of 0.5 mg/ml of LA.
- the culture broth and blank sample were centrifuged at 5000 g for 5′ and the supernatants were aliquoted in amounts of 500 ⁇ l in 1.5 ml test tubes per microcentrifuge.
- the CLA produced was quantified by means of a spectrophotometer reading of optical density using a wavelength of 233 nm, according to the method of Barrett et al., 2007 (Reference 2) and Xu et al., 2008 (Reference 3).
- the spectrophotometer was zeroed against 100 ⁇ l of hexane using a quartz cuvette.
- Spectrophotometric techniques for the quantification of CLA produced by bacterial cultures are known from Barrette et al., 2007. This spectrophotometric technique is based on a characteristic of conjugated dienes (in this case CLA) to possess a UV spectrum typical of this class of compounds, with an absorbance of 233 nm. Said method, in any case, permits a quantification of the CLA produced.
- CLA conjugated dienes
- TPY broth was selected as a culture medium as it provided the environmental conditions most favourable to the growth of Bifidobacteria in the presence of LA. With TPY broth we found the least variability in counts taken both via spectrophotometer readings of optical density with a wavelength of 600 nm and counts by the pour plate method, FIG. 1 and table 4.
- FIG. 1 The differences observed in the use of TPY, MRS and LAPTg broth at different LA concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 mg/ml) ( FIG. 1 ) highlighted the importance of the culture medium in studies regarding microbial metabolism.
- TPY broth proved to be preferable to the use of MRS and LAPTg broth, as it gave the least variability in microbial growth at different LA concentrations, as well as the highest counts, LA concentrations being equal (0.5 and 1 mg/ml), compared to MRS and LAPTg broth.
- the initial LA concentration selected was 0.5 mg/ml. This concentration is in fact the preferable one for the LA-to-CLA conversion tests in MRS broth conducted in other studies (Barrett et al., 2007 and Xu et al., 2008). The selection was dictated by the wish to compare, in a preliminary phase, the conversion rates obtained using TPY broth as the culture medium and those reported in the literature with regard to the use of MRS broth as the culture medium.
- strain B. longum DSM 23233 showed to be the largest producer of CLA, with a production of 0.465 mg/ml, equal to an LA-to-CLA conversion rate of 92.93%. While the strain B. breve DSM 16604 showed to be a good producer of CLA, with a production of 0.393 mg/ml, equal to an LA-to-CLA conversion rate of 71.38%.
- the CLA concentrations produced were calculated assuming that the culture media contained from the start variable quantities of LA and CLA due to the presence of ingredients such as meat extracts, yeast extract, soybean components, etc.
- the results obtained (table 6) revealed no significant difference between the sterile medium with and without the addition of 0.5 mg/ml of LA.
- the activity of conversion from LA to CLA performed by Bifidobacteria could make this metabolite directly available in the intestinal lumen, where it could manifest its health-promoting properties both locally and following its absorption.
- the strains of Bifidobacteria capable of converting LA to CLA could interact in situ, along the gastrointestinal tract, with the essential fatty acids taken in through the diet, potentially opposing the pro-inflammatory metabolism of the pathway of omega-6 fatty acids and producing metabolites (CLA) with a possible nutraceutic role.
- CLA metabolites
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ITRM2009A000662 | 2009-12-16 | ||
IT000662A ITRM20090662A1 (it) | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | Ceppi di batteri probiotici produttori di coniugati dell'acido linoleico |
ITMI2010A002235A IT1406327B1 (it) | 2010-12-03 | 2010-12-03 | Ceppi di batteri probiotici produttori di coniugati dello acido linoleico e loro impiego per la preparazione di una composizione alimentare, dietetica o farmaceutica. |
ITMI2010A002235 | 2010-12-03 | ||
PCT/IB2010/003244 WO2011073769A2 (fr) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-14 | Lignées de bactéries probiotiques productrices d'acide linoléique conjugué et leur utilisation dans le cadre de la préparation d'un produit alimentaire, diététique ou pharmaceutique. |
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US10052300B1 (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-08-21 | David G. Changaris | Methods and composition for suppression of deep seated fungal growth on skin |
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ITUB20152376A1 (it) | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-09 | Alfasigma Spa | Lactobacillus paracasei per la produzione di acido linoleico coniugato, preparazioni nutrizionali e farmaceutiche che lo comprendono e loro uso |
AU2018326705A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treatment of microbiome-associated disorders |
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US7223543B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2007-05-29 | Teagasc Dairy Products Research Centre | Conjugated linoleic acid isomerase and a process for the production of conjugated linoleic acid |
US8066986B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2011-11-29 | Master Supplements, Inc. | Formulations including digestive enzymes and polysorbate surfactants that enhance the colonization of administered probiotics microoganisms |
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BRPI0404152A (pt) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-06-13 | Unicamp | alimento funcional, composição probiótica, composição alimentìcia e processo de produção de alimento funcional fermentado a base de soja, contendo agentes probióticos e prebióticos |
WO2009043856A2 (fr) * | 2007-10-01 | 2009-04-09 | University College Cork, National University Of Ireland, Cork | Modulation de la composition en acides gras tissulaires d'un hôte par des bactéries de l'intestin humain |
IT1400821B1 (it) * | 2009-03-09 | 2013-07-02 | Probiotical Spa | Sospensione oleosa contenente batteri probiotici per uso pediatrico |
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US7223543B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2007-05-29 | Teagasc Dairy Products Research Centre | Conjugated linoleic acid isomerase and a process for the production of conjugated linoleic acid |
US8066986B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2011-11-29 | Master Supplements, Inc. | Formulations including digestive enzymes and polysorbate surfactants that enhance the colonization of administered probiotics microoganisms |
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US10052300B1 (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-08-21 | David G. Changaris | Methods and composition for suppression of deep seated fungal growth on skin |
US10105332B1 (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-10-23 | David G. Changaris | Methods and composition for suppression of deep seated fungal growth on skin |
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PL2513292T3 (pl) | 2018-02-28 |
US10688138B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
EP2513292B1 (fr) | 2017-09-06 |
WO2011073769A3 (fr) | 2011-11-24 |
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DK2513292T3 (da) | 2017-11-13 |
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