US20120115765A1 - Use of alkanolamines based on propylene oxide as additives in lubricants - Google Patents
Use of alkanolamines based on propylene oxide as additives in lubricants Download PDFInfo
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- US20120115765A1 US20120115765A1 US13/287,546 US201113287546A US2012115765A1 US 20120115765 A1 US20120115765 A1 US 20120115765A1 US 201113287546 A US201113287546 A US 201113287546A US 2012115765 A1 US2012115765 A1 US 2012115765A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkanolamines
- lubricants
- formula
- additives
- lubricant according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005068 cooling lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 0 *C(C)(C)C(*)(*)N([4*])C([2*])([3*])C([1*])(C)O Chemical compound *C(C)(C)C(*)(*)N([4*])C([2*])([3*])C([1*])(C)O 0.000 description 21
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical class C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186359 Mycobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
- C10M173/025—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils for lubricating conveyor belts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/16—Antiseptic; (micro) biocidal or bactericidal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/24—Emulsion properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
- C10N2050/011—Oil-in-water
Definitions
- the invention relates to lubricants which comprise an alkanolamine of the formula I
- alkanolamines selected from alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV, where R1, R2, R3, R1′, R2′ and R3′ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R 4 is a C1 to C16 alkyl group.
- Lubricants especially also what are known as cooling lubricants, are used in the manufacturing industry to reduce friction and simultaneously to remove heat. Cooling lubricants are used in machine tools in order to be able to produce a maximum number of workpieces with high quality.
- Lubricants especially cooling lubricants, comprise natural or synthetic, i.e. modified, mineral oils as an essential constituent.
- aqueous lubricants are used. These are, for example, aqueous solutions of polar synthetic or correspondingly polar-modified natural mineral oils, or else aqueous emulsions in which the mineral oil has been emulsified with the aid of a surface-active compound.
- aqueous lubricants there is the possibility of infestation with organic microorganisms, such as fungi or bacteria. To counteract this, biocides are added.
- WO 2005/055720 discloses that specific alkylethanolamines can additionally inhibit bacterial growth.
- DE-A 10 2008 043 580 describes alkanolamines which can be used as additives to lubricants, have biocide-promoting action, regulate the pH and improve the emulsification of the mineral oil in aqueous lubricants.
- inventive lubricants comprise an alkanolamine of the above formula I
- alkanolamines selected from alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV.
- R4 is a C1 to C8 alkyl group, especially a C1 to C4 alkyl group and more preferably a methyl group or ethyl group.
- R1 is identical to R1, R2 to R2′ and R3 to R3′. This is the result especially of the process for preparation described below.
- R1 and R1′ are each a hydrogen atom.
- Such a mixture may, for example, comprise different alkanolamines of the formula I or consist exclusively of different alkanolamines of the formula I. The same applies to alkanolamines of the formulae II to IV.
- the mixture preferably comprises alkanolamines of different formulae I to IV; especially suitable are mixtures which comprise alkanolamines of the formula I.
- R4 is as defined above.
- Useful mixtures are especially those which consist to an extent of 50 to 99% by weight, especially to an extent of 80 to 99% by weight, of an alkanolamine of the formula I, especially of the formula Ia, and correspondingly to an extent of 1 to 50% by weight, especially to an extent of 1 to 20% by weight, of an alkanolamine of the formula II, especially of the formula IIa, and to an extent of 0 to 10% by weight of alkanolamines of the formulae III and IV, where the percentages by weight are based on the total weight of the alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV.
- the above alkanolamines can be prepared by customary processes.
- the alkanolamines can be prepared especially by a two-stage addition of primary amines of the formula H 2 N—R 4 onto propylene oxide or propylene oxide derivatives.
- the primary amine can add onto the R 2 , R 3 -substituted carbon atom of the propylene oxide or propylene oxide derivative according to the schematic diagram below:
- the primary amine can alternatively also add onto the CH 3 -substituted carbon atom, so as to result in the structurally isomeric addition product below.
- the product of the 1st stage is therefore generally a mixture of these two addition products.
- the mixture obtained can be used in accordance with the invention as described above. However, it is also possible to remove a single desired alkanolamine from the mixture and use it correspondingly in lubricants.
- the lubricants comprise the alkanolamine or the mixture of alkanolamines preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 30% by weight, more preferably of 0.1 to 20% by weight and most preferably of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of lubricant.
- the alkanolamines can be added to the lubricant in any way at any time before or during use.
- the alkanolamines can be added directly to the lubricant which already comprises all further constituents; they can also be mixed beforehand with other constituents of the lubricant and then combined in this form with the remaining constituents of the lubricant.
- aqueous lubricants see below
- the total amount of the alkanolamines used in accordance with the invention is preferably at least 2% by weight, most preferably at least 5% by weight, based on the lubricant concentrate; the maximum amount is preferably 30% by weight, especially 20% by weight, likewise based on the lubricant concentrate.
- the lubricants comprise, as an essential constituent, preferably a natural or synthetic lubricant component.
- Natural lubricant components are, for example, mineral oils, i.e. oils which are obtained by distillation from brown coal, hard coal, peat, wood or especially mineral oil. They comprise especially saturated hydrocarbons.
- Synthetic lubricant components are, for example, oils which are produced from suitable starting materials or by chemical modification of natural mineral oils (for example so-called ester oils).
- the lubricants are generally liquid under the use conditions (pressure, temperature). They are preferably liquid at 21° C., 1 bar.
- aqueous lubricants are preferred.
- the aqueous lubricants may be aqueous solutions of correspondingly polar mineral oils, for example synthetic, polymeric alcohols.
- the aqueous lubricants may also be emulsions of natural or synthetic mineral oils in water.
- Aqueous lubricants may be marketed in the form of the solution or emulsion; another option is, however, that the solution or dispersion is not prepared from the starting materials until just before the later use.
- the inventive lubricants are preferably aqueous lubricants, especially aqueous solutions of mineral oils and more preferably aqueous emulsions of mineral oils.
- inventive lubricants may comprise further additives.
- Useful examples include additives for regulating viscosity, additives for reducing corrosion, additives for reducing foam formation, additives for reducing friction, biocides, or else other additives for improving performance properties, especially the lubrication and heat removal.
- the effect of this may be that, in addition to the inventive alkanolamine or alkanolamine mixtures of the formulae I to IV or other mixtures thereof, other amines are constituents of the corresponding lubricants or lubricant concentrates, and the efficacy of the latter is enhanced by an alkanolamine of the formulae I to IV or a mixture of these alkanolamines.
- the mineral oil may be self-emulsifying in the aqueous emulsions, i.e. it is chemically modified such that an emulsion in water forms without further additives.
- the emulsions preferably comprise, however, a surface-active compound which brings about or contributes to the emulsification of the mineral oil.
- Useful compounds for this purpose are customary emulsifiers and/or protective colloids.
- the inventive lubricants are especially cooling lubricants; the latter not only bring about good lubrication but also ensure good heat removal, for example during the processing or production of workpieces in machine tools.
- inventive lubricants or cooling lubricants can be used in any desired fields of manufacturing technology. They are suitable for machine tools of all kinds. They have particular significance, for example, in the industrial manufacture of parts of tools or machines, and in particular of aircraft and vehicle components. In this context, the use of the inventive lubricants in the production of lightweight metal components, for example made of magnesium and aluminum, is particularly preferred.
- a further field of use for the inventive lubricants or cooling lubricants involves use in conveying measures of all kinds (mining, oil extraction of all kinds).
- addition of the inventive lubricants prolongs the functioning and lifetime of the boring machine.
- inventive lubricants or cooling lubricants can be used in transmissions or turbines, for example including vehicle transmissions or transmissions of wind turbines.
- Alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV or mixtures thereof regulate the pH and bring about corrosion protection.
- the alkanolamines additionally contribute to emulsification of the mineral oil, and so it may optionally even be possible to dispense with further surface-active compounds.
- alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV and mixtures thereof promote the action of the biocide component, and thus the efficacy toward bacteria, for example mycobacterium, or toward fungi.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
A lubricant which comprises an alkanolamine of the formula I
of the formula II
of the formula III
of the formula IV
or a mixture of alkanolamines selected from alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV,
where R1, R2, R3, R1′, R2′ and R3′ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R4 is a C1 to C16 alkyl group.
Description
- The present application incorporates the provisional U.S. Application 61/410,000 filed Nov. 4, 2010 by reference.
- The invention relates to lubricants which comprise an alkanolamine of the formula I
- of the formula II
- of the formula III
- of the formula IV
- or a mixture of alkanolamines selected from alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV, where R1, R2, R3, R1′, R2′ and R3′ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R4 is a C1 to C16 alkyl group.
- Lubricants, especially also what are known as cooling lubricants, are used in the manufacturing industry to reduce friction and simultaneously to remove heat. Cooling lubricants are used in machine tools in order to be able to produce a maximum number of workpieces with high quality.
- Lubricants, especially cooling lubricants, comprise natural or synthetic, i.e. modified, mineral oils as an essential constituent.
- Frequently, aqueous lubricants are used. These are, for example, aqueous solutions of polar synthetic or correspondingly polar-modified natural mineral oils, or else aqueous emulsions in which the mineral oil has been emulsified with the aid of a surface-active compound. In the case of aqueous lubricants, there is the possibility of infestation with organic microorganisms, such as fungi or bacteria. To counteract this, biocides are added. WO 2005/055720 discloses that specific alkylethanolamines can additionally inhibit bacterial growth.
- DE-A 10 2008 043 580 describes alkanolamines which can be used as additives to lubricants, have biocide-promoting action, regulate the pH and improve the emulsification of the mineral oil in aqueous lubricants.
- What are desired are alternative additives to lubricants, with which the above effects are fulfilled to a maximum degree with a minimum amount added.
- It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide lubricants which have good performance properties and for that purpose need contain a minimum level of simple additives. Furthermore, the additives should be very easy to prepare and, optionally, should be of minimum toxicological concern.
- Accordingly, the lubricants defined at the outset have been found.
- The inventive lubricants comprise an alkanolamine of the above formula I
- of the formula II
- of the formula III
- of the formula IV
- or a mixture of alkanolamines selected from alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV.
- Preferably, R4 is a C1 to C8 alkyl group, especially a C1 to C4 alkyl group and more preferably a methyl group or ethyl group.
- In a preferred embodiment, R1 is identical to R1, R2 to R2′ and R3 to R3′. This is the result especially of the process for preparation described below.
- More particularly, R1 and R1′ are each a hydrogen atom.
- In a preferred embodiment, R1 and R1′ are each a hydrogen atom, and at least one of the R2 and R3 radicals and at least one of the R2′ and R3′ radicals are each a hydrogen atom.
- In particularly preferred embodiment, R1, R2, R3, R1, R2′ and R3′ are each a hydrogen atom.
- In a preferred embodiment, the alkanolamine is of the formula I or II, most preferably of the formula I.
- A further embodiment concerns a mixture of alkanolamines selected from alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV.
- Such a mixture may, for example, comprise different alkanolamines of the formula I or consist exclusively of different alkanolamines of the formula I. The same applies to alkanolamines of the formulae II to IV.
- The mixture preferably comprises alkanolamines of different formulae I to IV; especially suitable are mixtures which comprise alkanolamines of the formula I.
- In addition to an alkanolamine of the formula I, the mixture especially also comprises an alkanolamine of the formula II and optionally alkanolamines of the formulae III and IV.
- Particular preference is given to a mixture which consists of an alkanolamine of the formula I to an extent of more than 60% by weight, especially to an extent of more than 80% by weight.
- Preferred alkanonolamines of the formula I are alkanolamines of the formula Ia:
- Preferred alkanolamines of the formula II are alkanolamines of the formula IIa:
- In the formulae Ia and IIa, R4 is as defined above.
- Accordingly, a very particularly preferred mixture of alkanolamines is a mixture which comprises alkanolamines of the formula Ia and alkanolamines of the formula IIa. More particularly, R4 in formulae Ia and IIa is identical.
- Useful mixtures are especially those which consist to an extent of 50 to 99% by weight, especially to an extent of 80 to 99% by weight, of an alkanolamine of the formula I, especially of the formula Ia, and correspondingly to an extent of 1 to 50% by weight, especially to an extent of 1 to 20% by weight, of an alkanolamine of the formula II, especially of the formula IIa, and to an extent of 0 to 10% by weight of alkanolamines of the formulae III and IV, where the percentages by weight are based on the total weight of the alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV.
- The above alkanolamines can be prepared by customary processes. The alkanolamines can be prepared especially by a two-stage addition of primary amines of the formula H2N—R4 onto propylene oxide or propylene oxide derivatives.
- In the 1st stage, the primary amine can add onto the R2, R3-substituted carbon atom of the propylene oxide or propylene oxide derivative according to the schematic diagram below:
- The primary amine can alternatively also add onto the CH3-substituted carbon atom, so as to result in the structurally isomeric addition product below.
- The product of the 1st stage is therefore generally a mixture of these two addition products.
- In the second stage, the secondary amine obtained again adds onto a propylene oxide or propylene oxide derivative; in the schematic diagram below, this is shown only by the example of one of the two addition products obtained in the 1st stage:
- Again, it is possible for a mixture of two addition products to form here, according to which carbon atom of the epoxy group the secondary amine has added onto.
- Preceding from the two addition products of the 1st stage, it is thus also possible to obtain a mixture of alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV.
- The mixture obtained can be used in accordance with the invention as described above. However, it is also possible to remove a single desired alkanolamine from the mixture and use it correspondingly in lubricants.
- The lubricants comprise the alkanolamine or the mixture of alkanolamines preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 30% by weight, more preferably of 0.1 to 20% by weight and most preferably of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of lubricant.
- The alkanolamines can be added to the lubricant in any way at any time before or during use. The alkanolamines can be added directly to the lubricant which already comprises all further constituents; they can also be mixed beforehand with other constituents of the lubricant and then combined in this form with the remaining constituents of the lubricant. In one embodiment, in the case of aqueous lubricants (see below), it is possible first to prepare what are called lubricant concentrates, i.e. compositions which already comprise the constituents of the lubricant apart from the water. The latter is then added before use to the lubricant concentrates in the amount so as to result in the distribution desired for the particular use of the lubricant in the apparatus in which the lubricant is being employed.
- Based on the lubricant concentrate in the case of aqueous lubricants, the total amount of the alkanolamines used in accordance with the invention is preferably at least 2% by weight, most preferably at least 5% by weight, based on the lubricant concentrate; the maximum amount is preferably 30% by weight, especially 20% by weight, likewise based on the lubricant concentrate.
- The lubricants comprise, as an essential constituent, preferably a natural or synthetic lubricant component.
- Natural lubricant components are, for example, mineral oils, i.e. oils which are obtained by distillation from brown coal, hard coal, peat, wood or especially mineral oil. They comprise especially saturated hydrocarbons.
- Synthetic lubricant components are, for example, oils which are produced from suitable starting materials or by chemical modification of natural mineral oils (for example so-called ester oils).
- Further types of lubricant components which can be used in the inventive lubricants are known to specialists in the art.
- The lubricants are generally liquid under the use conditions (pressure, temperature). They are preferably liquid at 21° C., 1 bar.
- A distinction is drawn between nonaqueous and aqueous lubricants. In the context of this invention, aqueous lubricants are preferred.
- The aqueous lubricants may be aqueous solutions of correspondingly polar mineral oils, for example synthetic, polymeric alcohols.
- The aqueous lubricants may also be emulsions of natural or synthetic mineral oils in water.
- Aqueous lubricants may be marketed in the form of the solution or emulsion; another option is, however, that the solution or dispersion is not prepared from the starting materials until just before the later use.
- The inventive lubricants are preferably aqueous lubricants, especially aqueous solutions of mineral oils and more preferably aqueous emulsions of mineral oils.
- According to the requirement, the inventive lubricants may comprise further additives. Useful examples include additives for regulating viscosity, additives for reducing corrosion, additives for reducing foam formation, additives for reducing friction, biocides, or else other additives for improving performance properties, especially the lubrication and heat removal.
- The effect of this may be that, in addition to the inventive alkanolamine or alkanolamine mixtures of the formulae I to IV or other mixtures thereof, other amines are constituents of the corresponding lubricants or lubricant concentrates, and the efficacy of the latter is enhanced by an alkanolamine of the formulae I to IV or a mixture of these alkanolamines.
- The mineral oil may be self-emulsifying in the aqueous emulsions, i.e. it is chemically modified such that an emulsion in water forms without further additives. The emulsions preferably comprise, however, a surface-active compound which brings about or contributes to the emulsification of the mineral oil. Useful compounds for this purpose are customary emulsifiers and/or protective colloids.
- The inventive lubricants are especially cooling lubricants; the latter not only bring about good lubrication but also ensure good heat removal, for example during the processing or production of workpieces in machine tools.
- The inventive lubricants or cooling lubricants can be used in any desired fields of manufacturing technology. They are suitable for machine tools of all kinds. They have particular significance, for example, in the industrial manufacture of parts of tools or machines, and in particular of aircraft and vehicle components. In this context, the use of the inventive lubricants in the production of lightweight metal components, for example made of magnesium and aluminum, is particularly preferred.
- A further field of use for the inventive lubricants or cooling lubricants involves use in conveying measures of all kinds (mining, oil extraction of all kinds). Here, for example, addition of the inventive lubricants prolongs the functioning and lifetime of the boring machine.
- In addition, the inventive lubricants or cooling lubricants can be used in transmissions or turbines, for example including vehicle transmissions or transmissions of wind turbines.
- Alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV or mixtures thereof, regulate the pH and bring about corrosion protection.
- It is an advantage of the inventive lubricants that the alkanolamines additionally contribute to emulsification of the mineral oil, and so it may optionally even be possible to dispense with further surface-active compounds.
- Furthermore, the alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV and mixtures thereof promote the action of the biocide component, and thus the efficacy toward bacteria, for example mycobacterium, or toward fungi.
Claims (14)
1. A lubricant which comprises an alkanolamine of the formula I
of the formula II
of the formula III
of the formula IV
or a mixture of alkanolamines selected from alkanolamines of the formulae I to IV,
where R1, R2, R3, R1′, R2′ and R3′ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R4 is a C1 to C16 alkyl group.
2. The lubricant according to claim 1 , wherein R4 is a C1 to C4 alkyl group.
3. The lubricant according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein R1 is identical to R1′, R2 to R2′, and R3 to R3′.
4. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 3 , wherein R1, R2, R3, R1′, R2′ and R3′ are each a hydrogen atom.
5. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 4 , which is a mixture of alkanolamines comprising alkanolamines of the formulae I and II.
6. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 5 , which is a mixture of alkanolamines consisting to an extent of at least 80% by weight of an alkanolamine of the formula I.
7. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 6 , which comprises the alkanolamine or the mixture of the alkanolamines in amounts of 0.05 to 30% by weight.
8. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 7 , which comprises aqueous lubricants.
9. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 8 , which comprises aqueous solutions or emulsions.
10. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 9 , which comprises aqueous solutions or emulsions of synthetic or nonsynthetic mineral oils.
11. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 10 , which comprises further additives selected from additives for adjusting viscosity, additives for reducing corrosion, additives for reducing foam formation, additives for reducing friction, biocides and optionally other additives for improving performance properties.
12. The lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 11 , which comprises cooling lubricants.
13. The use of lubricants according to any of claims 1 to 11 as lubricants in the manufacture of components or in conveying activities.
14. The use of lubricants according to any of claims 1 to 11 in transmissions or turbines.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/287,546 US20120115765A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2011-11-02 | Use of alkanolamines based on propylene oxide as additives in lubricants |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41000010P | 2010-11-04 | 2010-11-04 | |
US13/287,546 US20120115765A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2011-11-02 | Use of alkanolamines based on propylene oxide as additives in lubricants |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20120115765A1 true US20120115765A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
Family
ID=46020210
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/287,546 Abandoned US20120115765A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2011-11-02 | Use of alkanolamines based on propylene oxide as additives in lubricants |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20120115765A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170211011A1 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Synergistic lubricating oil composition containing a mixture of olefin copolymer dispersant-type viscosity improver and amine compound |
WO2017127698A1 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | Lindland Larry | High molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycol coolant for grinding glass |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3872116A (en) * | 1972-06-16 | 1975-03-18 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Amino alcohols |
US4795583A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-01-03 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Shift-feel durability enhancement |
US5670464A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1997-09-23 | Kao Corporation | Additive for lubricating oils for diesel engines and lubricating oil compositions containing the same |
-
2011
- 2011-11-02 US US13/287,546 patent/US20120115765A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3872116A (en) * | 1972-06-16 | 1975-03-18 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Amino alcohols |
US4795583A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-01-03 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Shift-feel durability enhancement |
US5670464A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1997-09-23 | Kao Corporation | Additive for lubricating oils for diesel engines and lubricating oil compositions containing the same |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170211011A1 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Synergistic lubricating oil composition containing a mixture of olefin copolymer dispersant-type viscosity improver and amine compound |
WO2017127698A1 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | Lindland Larry | High molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycol coolant for grinding glass |
US10155893B2 (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2018-12-18 | Larry Lindland | High molecular weight PAG coolant for grinding glass |
US10414999B2 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2019-09-17 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Synergistic lubricating oil composition containing a mixture of olefin copolymer dispersant-type viscosity improver and amine compound |
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