US20110219787A1

US20110219787A1 - Variable pid enable for compressor control algorithm

Info

Publication number: US20110219787A1
Application number: US12/723,887
Authority: US
Inventors: Elliott David Keen; Mark Phillip Roden; Shannon Marie Shaw
Original assignee: Continental Automotive Systems US Inc
Current assignee: Continental Automotive Systems Inc
Priority date: 2010-03-15
Filing date: 2010-03-15
Publication date: 2011-09-15
Also published as: US20140250928A1; US9920968B2

Abstract

A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control system controls a component by adjusting the control input and the execution of the PID calculation whenever a change in a state of a component exceeds a certain value.

Description

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure is directed to control systems, and more specifically to a proportional integral derivative (PID) evaporator temperature control scheme.
In the automotive field, as well as other fields, compressors are used to control an evaporator temperature and thereby allow for heating and cooling. The evaporator temperature is typically adjusted by changing the compressor speed. In order to ensure that the compressor is operated at the proper speed for a desired evaporator temperature, electrical control systems are used. It is known in the art to use a proportional integral derivative (PID) control scheme on a micro-controller to control these systems. Typically the PID controller will have an input of the current temperature of the evaporator and the current speed of the compressor. The PID controller then attempts to drive the evaporator temperature to a desired temperature by making corresponding adjustments to the compressor speed.
Current control systems determine adjustments to the compressor speed at a set frequency. By way of example, some control algorithms recalculate the needed compressor speed every 8 seconds, or at some desired time interval. Adjusting the compressor speed at a set frequency entails operating the control algorithm at the specific time interval regardless of any change in the actual temperature of the evaporator. Once the evaporator temperature has reached approximately the desired temperature minor fluctuations in temperature can occur with the evaporator temperature remaining within acceptable tolerances. Running the control scheme, and adjusting the compressor speed, consistently at the desired frequency can therefore result in unnecessary adjustments to the compressor speed, and unneeded use of electrical power.

SUMMARY

Disclosed is a control system for operating a compressor that establishes an initial condition, detects changes in the initial condition, and operates a controller when the changes in the initial condition exceed a predetermined maximum value. The controller then establishes a new initial condition and continues to detect changes from the new initial condition.
Additionally disclosed is a control scheme for controlling a compressor speed which establishes a target evaporator temperature and an initial evaporator temperature. The method detects the actual temperature of the evaporator and compares it to a previous sensed evaporator temperature to determine a change in evaporator temperature since the last iteration of the control signal. The method also detects the actual evaporator temperature and compares the actual temperature with the target temperature to determine a difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature. The difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature is used to initiate operation of a control algorithm whenever the change in temperature exceeds the predetermined value. Initiating operation when the temperature change exceeds a predetermined value provides for actuation of the control algorithm to adjust the speed of the compressor only when required to obtain a desired temperature.
These and other features of the present invention can be best understood from the following specification and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a vehicle which has a compressor, evaporator, and a compressor controller.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block flowchart of a compressor control system using a proportional integral derivative controller (PID controller).

FIG. 3 illustrates a block flowchart of a compressor control system with an additional Δt check block.

FIG. 4 illustrates a sample graph of an evaporator temperature over time.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a vehicle 10 which has a compressor 20 and an evaporator 30 located in the front engine compartment. The evaporator 30 and the compressor 20 are controlled by an on-board electronic controller 40 which is capable of adjusting the speed of the compressor 20 and thereby adjusting the temperature of the evaporator 30. The controller 40 can be a micro-processor located within the standard control system of the vehicle, or any other type of controller. The example compressor 20 is controlled by a proportional integral derivative (PID) control scheme.
FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a control scheme 100 for controlling an evaporator temperature 114 by adjusting the compressor speed 118. Initially a target evaporator temperature 110 is either input into the system 100, or manufactured into the controller 40 operating the control scheme 110. A summation block 112 subtracts an actual evaporator temperature 114 from the target temperature 110, and transfers the resultant value into a PID controller 116. The PID controller 116 also accepts an input of an actual compressor speed 118 which is determined by a compressor speed sensor 120. When the PID controller 116 performs a control cycle, it outputs a command 122 which pushes the compressor 124 toward the desired compressor speed 118. The compressor speed 118 affects the evaporator temperature 114 in a predictable manner. For example, an increase in compressor speed causes a change in evaporator temperature in one direction, and a decrease in evaporator speed will cause a temperature movement in the other direction.
The evaporator temperature 114 is sensed by a sensor 128, which outputs the evaporator temperature 114. The example control system shown in FIG. 2 includes a condition check within the evaporator temperature block 114. The condition check evaluates a specific condition, such as evaporator temperature, and determines how much the condition has changed since the last control cycle. A control cycle is a single iteration of the control scheme 100 which determines an adjustment to the compressor speed using the control scheme 100. If the change in condition exceeds a predefined amount, a control cycle is performed.
The control system 100, utilizes a double feedback loop, in that it uses the current evaporator temperature 114 compared with the target evaporator temperature 110 as one input into the PID controller 116. The control scheme 100 also utilizes the current compressor speed 118 as a second input into the PID controller 116. The feedback loops ensure that as the temperature of the evaporator approaches that of the desired target temperature 110, a progressively smaller input is sent to the PID controller 116, thereby causing the PID controller 116 to perform a smaller adjustment to the compressor speed 118.
FIG. 3 illustrates the example control system 100 of FIG. 1, with a separate Δt check block 210. Δt represents the difference between the current evaporator temperature 114 and the evaporator temperature 114 from the previous evaporator temperature data reading from the evaporator temperature sensor. The Δt check block 210 prevents the PID controller 116 from operating whenever Δt is below a predetermined value. This allows the PID controller 210 to recalculate a desired compressor speed 122 only when a speed correction is necessary. Each time the Δt check block 210 passes a value to the summation block 112, it also stores that value as an “initial value.” The initial value is then compared to the incoming sensed evaporator temperature 114 to determine the Δt value. When the Δt value exceeds a predetermined Δt value, the Δt check block 210 passes the current evaporator temperature 114 to the summation block 112, and the PID controller 116 operates a control iteration.
Alternatively, a timing component 220 can be utilized to prompt operation of a control iteration, in addition to a change in condition prompting the control cycle, as is indicated in the Δt check block 210. The timing component 220 determines how much time has passed since a value has been passed to the summation block 112. If a predetermined maximum time has elapsed, the actual evaporator temperature 114 is passed to the summation block 112 regardless of the Δt value. By way of example, the maximum time could be set to three minutes, thereby ensuring that the control scheme is operated at least every three minutes. This allows the control system 100 to make minor necessary adjustments to the compressor speed 118, without constant unnecessary adjustments to the compressor speed 118.
Illustrated in FIG. 4 is a sample graph 300 of evaporator temperature control operations using the above described system. In the graph 300, the line 310 represents the temperature of the evaporator over time, the axis 312 represents temperature, and the axis 314 represents time. Each of the bars 316 represent a control cycle which is run by the controller. Since the controller uses the Δt value to determine when to operate a control cycle, that is the control cycle is only run when Δt is greater than a certain number, the bars are closer together at the beginning of the time period when the temperature is changing at the fastest rate. As the time progresses and the temperature changes at a slower rate, the Δt minimum is not exceeded for longer periods, and the control cycles 316 are spaced farther apart. By the end of the time period the evaporator temperature 310 has reached the desired temperature line 318. The example system illustrated here includes the optional maximum time element described above, and as such the latest three control cycles 316 are evenly distributed and were initiated because a maximum time had elapsed since the last control cycle 316.
An example of the above described system uses the control scheme to drive an evaporator temperature to a desired value by adjusting a compressor speed. The system initially detects an actual evaporator temperature when it is first turned on, and this temperature is set as the initial operating condition. The control system then polls the evaporator temperature and compares actual temperatures to the initial operating condition. When the difference between the two values exceeds a predefined amount, the control scheme operates one cycle of the PID controller. The PID controller accepts the evaporator temperature as a control input and determines an adjustment to the compressor speed which is necessary to drive the evaporator temperature to the desired value. The controller then resets the “initial operating condition” to be the actual operating condition at the start of the control cycle, and the system returns to polling the actual evaporator temperature.
Although an example embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for operating a control scheme comprising the steps of:

a controller establishing a desired output condition of a controlled system, and an initial operating condition of said controlled system;

said controller detecting an actual operating condition of said controlled system and determining a difference between said initial operating condition and said actual operating condition;

said controller initiating a control cycle when a magnitude of said difference between said initial operating condition and said actual operating condition exceeds a predetermined value; and

said controller establishing a new initial operating condition based on said actual operating condition.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said control system comprises a proportional integral derivative (PID) control scheme.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said step of said controller initiating a control cycle when a magnitude of said difference between said initial operating condition and said actual operating condition exceeds a predetermined value comprises operating said PID control scheme when a preset time has elapsed and said difference between said initial operating condition and said actual operating condition is less than or equal to said predetermined value.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein said initial operating condition comprises an evaporator temperature.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said step of said controller detecting an actual operating condition of said controlled system and determining a difference between said initial operating condition and said actual operating condition comprises sensing an evaporator temperature, comparing said sensed evaporator temperature to an initial evaporator temperature, and determining a difference between said sensed evaporator temperature and said initial evaporator temperature.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of a controller establishing a desired output condition of a controlled system, and an initial operating condition of said controlled system further comprises storing said initial operating condition in a memory component of said controller.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of said controller establishing a new initial operating condition based on said actual operating condition comprises sensing an actual condition of a component and overwriting a currently stored initial condition with said sensed actual condition.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of said controller detecting an actual operating condition of said controlled system and determining a difference between said initial operating condition and said actual operating condition comprises sensing a component at an established frequency, thereby determining a current value of said actual operating condition.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said step of said controller detecting an actual operating condition of said controlled system and determining a difference between said initial operating condition and said actual operating condition further comprises comparing said current value of said actual operating condition to said initial operating condition value, thereby determining a change in said operating condition.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of comparing said change in said operating condition to said predetermined value.

11. A method for controlling compressor speed comprising the steps of;

establishing a target evaporator temperature and a minimum change in an actual temperature;

establishing an initial evaporator temperature value;

determining an actual evaporator temperature;

determining a change in evaporator temperature based on said actual evaporator temperature and said initial evaporator temperature;

comparing an actual evaporator temperature with said target evaporator temperature and determining a difference between said actual evaporator temperature and said target evaporator temperature;

inputting said difference between said actual evaporator temperature and said target evaporator temperature into a control algorithm when said change in evaporator temperature exceeds said minimum change in temperature, thereby operating a control cycle; and

adjusting a compressor speed based on an output of said control cycle.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of establishing a maximum time between control cycles.

13. The method for controlling a compressor speed of claim 11, wherein said step of inputting said difference between said actual evaporator temperature and said target evaporator temperature into a control algorithm when said change in evaporator temperature exceeds said minimum change in temperature further comprises inputting said difference between said actual evaporator temperature and said target evaporator temperature into a control algorithm when said change in evaporator temperature has not exceeded said minimum change in temperature and a maximum time has elapsed.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein said control algorithm comprises a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control system

15. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of determining a target or desired compressor speed.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said step of inputting said difference between said actual evaporator temperature and said target evaporator temperature into a control algorithm when said change in evaporator temperature exceeds said minimum change in temperature further comprises inputting an actual compressor speed into said control algorithm.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of inputting said difference between said actual evaporator temperature and said target evaporator temperature into a control algorithm when said change in evaporator temperature exceeds said minimum change in temperature further comprises resetting said initial evaporator temperature to said actual evaporator temperature.