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US20110041405A1 - Entrained-flow gasification of biomass as slurry - Google Patents

Entrained-flow gasification of biomass as slurry Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110041405A1
US20110041405A1 US12/739,242 US73924208A US2011041405A1 US 20110041405 A1 US20110041405 A1 US 20110041405A1 US 73924208 A US73924208 A US 73924208A US 2011041405 A1 US2011041405 A1 US 2011041405A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
entrained
biomass
liquid
gasification
flow gasification
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Abandoned
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US12/739,242
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Frank Hannemann
Thomas Metz
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HANNEMANN, FRANK, METZ, THOMAS
Publication of US20110041405A1 publication Critical patent/US20110041405A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0989—Hydrocarbons as additives to gasifying agents to improve caloric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the application relates to a method for the entrained-flow gasification of biomass.
  • Feeding in (solid) biomass such as wood, straw, miscanthus, etc. into an entrained-flow gasifier according to the dense phase conveying method is energetically unfavorable due to the high carrier gas flow rate and generally makes such a method uneconomic.
  • the object underlying the invention is to disclose a method for the entrained-flow gasification of solid biomass which is energetically more favorable with regard to the dense phase conveying method.
  • biomass is first torrefied (torrefaction process), subsequently ground into small particles with relatively little energy expenditure, then mixed with a liquid and pumped into the entrained-flow gasifier.
  • a liquid residue materials such as e.g. paraffins.
  • Other available liquid media such as water, oils, glycerin, methanol, liquid CO2, etc. are also possible, however.
  • the biomass sector can also be opened up for entrained-flow gasification, something which previously was either not possible or only possible in combination with primarily fossil-fired installations.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus implementing the method according to the invention.
  • biomass 1 . 1 such as e.g. wood, straw or miscanthus
  • biomass 1 . 2 is torrefied in a torrefaction apparatus 1 . 2 .
  • the torrefied biomass is fed to a mill 1 . 3 , where it is ground into particles that are suitable for the following slurry generation.
  • the particles are supplied via a first inlet to a mixing apparatus 1 . 4 to which a liquid medium such as water, oils, heavy oil, bio-oil, glycerin, methanol, liquid CO2, paraffin, tar etc. is supplied via a second inlet.
  • the biomass is mixed with the liquid medium in the mixing apparatus to produce a slurry.
  • the slurry is fed to a second stage 2 , which may be described by the term “gasification”, where it is supplied by means of a slurry pump 2 . 1 to an entrained-flow gasification reactor 2 . 2 together with an oxidizing agent O2 containing free oxygen.
  • a partial oxidation of the supplied slurry takes place in the entrained-flow gasification reactor in a flame reaction under high pressure of up to 8 MPa and temperatures of up to 1800 degrees Celsius, producing raw gas 2 . 3 , with the accumulating residual product 2 . 4 being discharged downward.
  • the raw gas is cleaned in a raw gas cleaning apparatus 2 . 5 .
  • the cleaned raw gas is fed to a third stage 3 , which may be described by the term “GasCleanUP/Synthesis”, where a synthesis is performed to produce a product 4 such as e.g. diesel, gasoline, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), paraffin, water, liquid CO2 or oil.
  • a product 4 such as e.g. diesel, gasoline, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), paraffin, water, liquid CO2 or oil.
  • a fraction of the product 4 is fed to the mixing apparatus 1 . 4 as a liquid medium via a return feed line 5 .
  • a fraction of the recycled product 4 or, as the case may be, residual product is supplied as one portion to the mixing apparatus 1 . 4 and a medium supplied to the arrangement from outside as a liquid medium as the remaining portion; in this case the recycled (residual) product and the externally supplied medium can be different, e.g. the recycled (residual) product can be represented by dimethyl ether and the externally supplied medium by glycerin.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A method for entrained bed gasification of biomass is provided, wherein pure biomass is first torrefied then milled and the torrefied and milled biomass is introduced to the gasification process with a fluid as a slurry. An energetically favorable process is described using the combination of torrefaction, milling and mixing with a liquid, preferably residual products from a subsequent synthesis process, but also other available suitable materials.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is the US National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2008/062794, filed Sep. 24, 2008 and claims the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefits of German application No. 10 2007 050 895.8 DE filed Oct. 24, 2007. All of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
    • FIELD OF INVENTION
  • The subject matter of the application relates to a method for the entrained-flow gasification of biomass.
    • BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
  • Feeding in (solid) biomass such as wood, straw, miscanthus, etc. into an entrained-flow gasifier according to the dense phase conveying method is energetically unfavorable due to the high carrier gas flow rate and generally makes such a method uneconomic.
  • To date there are no application cases in which biomass in solid form is gasified exclusively in the entrained-flow gasifier. Only admixing with coal is known in the prior art.
    • SUMMARY OF INVENTION
  • The object underlying the invention is to disclose a method for the entrained-flow gasification of solid biomass which is energetically more favorable with regard to the dense phase conveying method.
  • The object is achieved by means of the features of the claims.
  • According to the inventive method, biomass is first torrefied (torrefaction process), subsequently ground into small particles with relatively little energy expenditure, then mixed with a liquid and pumped into the entrained-flow gasifier. In particular in the case of methods for generating synthetic fuels there is a case for using a part of the generated fuel or accumulating liquid residue materials such as e.g. paraffins. Other available liquid media such as water, oils, glycerin, methanol, liquid CO2, etc. are also possible, however. By means of the method according to the invention, which may be described by the term “torry slurry feed”, the entrained-flow gasification of pure biomass is rendered energetically favorable.
  • Through the combination of torrefaction, milling and mixing with a liquid—ideally residual products from downstream synthesis processes, but also other available liquid substances—the biomass sector can also be opened up for entrained-flow gasification, something which previously was either not possible or only possible in combination with primarily fossil-fired installations.
  • Advantageous developments of the subject matter of the application are set forth in the dependent claims.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The subject matter of the application is explained in more detail below to an extent necessary for understanding as an exemplary embodiment with reference to a figure, in which:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus implementing the method according to the invention.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
  • In a first stage 1, which may be described as “biomass torrefaction”, biomass 1.1, such as e.g. wood, straw or miscanthus, is torrefied in a torrefaction apparatus 1.2. The torrefied biomass is fed to a mill 1.3, where it is ground into particles that are suitable for the following slurry generation. The particles are supplied via a first inlet to a mixing apparatus 1.4 to which a liquid medium such as water, oils, heavy oil, bio-oil, glycerin, methanol, liquid CO2, paraffin, tar etc. is supplied via a second inlet. The biomass is mixed with the liquid medium in the mixing apparatus to produce a slurry.
  • The slurry is fed to a second stage 2, which may be described by the term “gasification”, where it is supplied by means of a slurry pump 2.1 to an entrained-flow gasification reactor 2.2 together with an oxidizing agent O2 containing free oxygen. A partial oxidation of the supplied slurry takes place in the entrained-flow gasification reactor in a flame reaction under high pressure of up to 8 MPa and temperatures of up to 1800 degrees Celsius, producing raw gas 2.3, with the accumulating residual product 2.4 being discharged downward. The raw gas is cleaned in a raw gas cleaning apparatus 2.5.
  • The cleaned raw gas is fed to a third stage 3, which may be described by the term “GasCleanUP/Synthesis”, where a synthesis is performed to produce a product 4 such as e.g. diesel, gasoline, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), paraffin, water, liquid CO2 or oil.
  • In a special embodiment of the invention a fraction of the product 4 is fed to the mixing apparatus 1.4 as a liquid medium via a return feed line 5.
  • In a special embodiment of the invention residual products from downstream synthesis processes are fed to the mixing apparatus 1.4 as a liquid medium via a return feed line 5.
  • In a special embodiment of the invention a fraction of the recycled product 4 or, as the case may be, residual product is supplied as one portion to the mixing apparatus 1.4 and a medium supplied to the arrangement from outside as a liquid medium as the remaining portion; in this case the recycled (residual) product and the externally supplied medium can be different, e.g. the recycled (residual) product can be represented by dimethyl ether and the externally supplied medium by glycerin.

Claims (10)

1.-7. (canceled)
8. A method for entrained-flow gasification of a biomass, comprising:
torrefying the biomass; and
milling the biomass,
wherein the torrefied and milled biomass is fed together with a liquid as slurry to the gasification process.
9. The method for entrained-flow gasification as claimed in claim 8, wherein a fraction of a recycled synthetic product generated in the gasification process is used as the liquid.
10. The method for entrained-flow gasification as claimed in claim 8, wherein a recycled residual product generated in a synthesis process following the gasification process is used as the liquid.
11. The method for entrained-flow gasification as claimed in claim 9, wherein the recycled synthetic product generated in the gasification process or the recycled residual product is used as one portion of the liquid, and a liquid medium supplied from outside as a remaining portion of the liquid.
12. The method for entrained-flow gasification as claimed in claim 11, wherein the residual product and the liquid medium are different.
13. The method for entrained-flow gasification as claimed in claim 12, wherein the residual product is dimethyl ether and the liquid medium is glycerin.
14. The method for entrained-flow gasification as claimed in claim 8, wherein water, oils, paraffin, glycerin, methanol or liquid CO2 is used as the liquid.
15. The method for entrained-flow gasification as claimed in claim 8, wherein wood, bark, straw, miscanthus or another renewable raw material is used as the biomass.
16. The method for entrained-flow gasification as claimed in claim 8, wherein an arbitrary mixture of wood, bark, straw, miscanthus and other renewable raw materials is used as the biomass.
US12/739,242 2007-10-24 2008-09-24 Entrained-flow gasification of biomass as slurry Abandoned US20110041405A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007050895.8 2007-10-24
DE102007050895A DE102007050895A1 (en) 2007-10-24 2007-10-24 Off-stream gasification of biomass as a slurry
PCT/EP2008/062794 WO2009053203A1 (en) 2007-10-24 2008-09-24 Entrained bed gasification of biomass as a slurry

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US20110041405A1 true US20110041405A1 (en) 2011-02-24

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DE (1) DE102007050895A1 (en)
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Cited By (2)

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US8246788B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-08-21 Teal Sales Incorporated Biomass torrefaction system and method
US9175235B2 (en) 2012-11-15 2015-11-03 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Torrefaction reduction of coke formation on catalysts used in esterification and cracking of biofuels from pyrolysed lignocellulosic feedstocks

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EP3366752A1 (en) 2017-02-28 2018-08-29 L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'exploitation Des Procédés Georges Claude Method for the production of synthesis gas by gasifying solid carbon carriers
CN113234487A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-08-10 中国神华煤制油化工有限公司 Gasification furnace, slag discharge device, washing tower, gasification system and gasification method

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US20080022595A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2008-01-31 Eric Lemaire Process for preparing a feed containing biomass intended for subsequent gasification
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8246788B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-08-21 Teal Sales Incorporated Biomass torrefaction system and method
US8252966B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-08-28 Teal Sales Incorporated Biomass torrefaction method
US9359556B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2016-06-07 Teal Sales Incorporated Biomass torrefaction system and method
US9175235B2 (en) 2012-11-15 2015-11-03 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Torrefaction reduction of coke formation on catalysts used in esterification and cracking of biofuels from pyrolysed lignocellulosic feedstocks

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DE102007050895A1 (en) 2009-04-30

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