US20090199985A1 - Cationized PVA as a Sizing Component in Wet Chop Processing - Google Patents
Cationized PVA as a Sizing Component in Wet Chop Processing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090199985A1 US20090199985A1 US12/027,439 US2743908A US2009199985A1 US 20090199985 A1 US20090199985 A1 US 20090199985A1 US 2743908 A US2743908 A US 2743908A US 2009199985 A1 US2009199985 A1 US 2009199985A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cationized
- sizing composition
- composition according
- sizing
- wet chop
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 alkyl imidazoline Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical group COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/36—Polyalkenyalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
Definitions
- This invention relates to the processing of organic and inorganic fibers used to reinforce composite materials. More particularly, the invention relates to novel sizing agents applied to natural and man-made fibers prior to being chopped into staple.
- Non-woven fabrics have certain advantages over woven materials including using less-costly equipment in manufacture, the facile mixing of numerous fibers into a fabric and the ability to incorporate slick fibers such as glass and carbon.
- the mass of fibers is treated with a size to lubricate the fibers for protection against rubbing before and after chopping of the long strand bundles to form staple.
- This wet chop typically kept in closed containers or plastic bags, is ultimately dumped into large tanks for dispersion.
- the tanks contain whitewater, a mixture of water and a variety of agents including viscosity modifiers and defoaming agents.
- Polyacrylamide (PAM)-based whitewaters are common in the industry. The sizing of the wet chop is critical to good dispersion in the whitewater.
- the slurry is introduced to a Fourdrinier or other web type sheet former device.
- the fibers are treated with a binder such as acrylate or phenol formaldehyde and dried. Ideally, residual sizing on the fibers helps with the coating by binder.
- Sizing used on wet chop, especially wet chop fiberglass, is typically non-ionic materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxymethyl cellulose which is quite soluble in whitewater and buildup in whitewater as it is recycled.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- hydroxymethyl cellulose which is quite soluble in whitewater and buildup in whitewater as it is recycled.
- whitewater must be treated to remove sizing or disposed of as a regulated waste since the additives are not biodegradable and raise BOD in waters.
- Cationic polyvinyl alcohol compositions which are graft copolymers in methyl chloride quaternary salt form or methyl sulfate quaternary salt form are taught for use as wet end additives in the papermaking process in conjunction with a separate sizing agent in U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,946.
- a polyol in conjunction with a cationic lubricant (alkyl imidazoline) a water dispersible amide is taught as a sizing for glass fiber stands in U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,500.
- a cationized polyvinyl alcohol or hydroxyl methyl cellulose is the form of a quaternized ammonium compound or is provided as a sizing for spun organic and inorganic fibers.
- Poly vinyl alcohols having an average molecular weight between 13,000 and 100,000, preferably between 13,000 and 500,000 are preferred.
- a quaternized salt is prepared by reacting a polyvinyl alcohol with a quaternary salt of a dialkylamino ethyl acrylate in the presence of a catalyst such as a persulfate or peroxide.
- Preferred salts are chloride and sulfate. Ammonium persulfate is the preferred catalyst.
- Borated PVA are preferred embodiments of this invention.
- Hydroxy cellulose especially carbon methyl cellulose are also cross- linked by borate which can be used to adjust effective molecular weights and viscosity. Mixtures of cationized PVA and hydroxyl celluloses are included within the scope of the invention. Specific amounts used depend upon the ratio of alcohol precursors and their relative molecular weights.
- the cationized PVA may be produced as an aqueous suspension which is adjusted to a water content of 20%-80% by weight.
- the cationized PVA improves dispersion of fibers when wet chop is added to whitewater due to polar nature of the sized fibers.
- the low degree of dissolution into whitewater improves wet tack of the fibers on the wet web and allows increased processing speed.
- the polarity of the cationized size reduces the need for biocides in the whitewater.
- the lower solubility in whitewater reduces the number of changes of whitewater required and reduces the BOD of the waste whitewater.
- cationized polyvinyl alcohol as a sizing agent for wet chop improves performance and lowers production costs for products made using fiber, non-woven fabrics as a basis for construction. Construction materials such as shingles and roll goods are exemplary.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
The catonized sizes poly vinyl alcohol and hydroxy celluloses are used in the manufacture of wet chop to improve product quality, cut cost and reduce the expenses incurred disposing of whitewater.
Description
- This invention relates to the processing of organic and inorganic fibers used to reinforce composite materials. More particularly, the invention relates to novel sizing agents applied to natural and man-made fibers prior to being chopped into staple.
- Non-woven fabrics have certain advantages over woven materials including using less-costly equipment in manufacture, the facile mixing of numerous fibers into a fabric and the ability to incorporate slick fibers such as glass and carbon.
- After man made fibers are spun, the mass of fibers is treated with a size to lubricate the fibers for protection against rubbing before and after chopping of the long strand bundles to form staple. This wet chop, typically kept in closed containers or plastic bags, is ultimately dumped into large tanks for dispersion. The tanks contain whitewater, a mixture of water and a variety of agents including viscosity modifiers and defoaming agents. Polyacrylamide (PAM)-based whitewaters are common in the industry. The sizing of the wet chop is critical to good dispersion in the whitewater.
- Once the fibers have been dispersed evenly, the slurry is introduced to a Fourdrinier or other web type sheet former device. The fibers are treated with a binder such as acrylate or phenol formaldehyde and dried. Ideally, residual sizing on the fibers helps with the coating by binder.
- Sizing used on wet chop, especially wet chop fiberglass, is typically non-ionic materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxymethyl cellulose which is quite soluble in whitewater and buildup in whitewater as it is recycled. As a result, whitewater must be treated to remove sizing or disposed of as a regulated waste since the additives are not biodegradable and raise BOD in waters.
- Cationic polyvinyl alcohol compositions which are graft copolymers in methyl chloride quaternary salt form or methyl sulfate quaternary salt form are taught for use as wet end additives in the papermaking process in conjunction with a separate sizing agent in U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,946.
- A polyol in conjunction with a cationic lubricant (alkyl imidazoline) a water dispersible amide is taught as a sizing for glass fiber stands in U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,500.
- There remains an unmet need for a wet chop sizing which is inexpensive, effective for the protection of wet chop and dispersion in whitewater while remaining on the fiber during further processing.
- A cationized polyvinyl alcohol or hydroxyl methyl cellulose is the form of a quaternized ammonium compound or is provided as a sizing for spun organic and inorganic fibers.
- Poly vinyl alcohols having an average molecular weight between 13,000 and 100,000, preferably between 13,000 and 500,000 are preferred. A degree of hydrolysis of 70 to 99%, preferably 72-89%. A quaternized salt is prepared by reacting a polyvinyl alcohol with a quaternary salt of a dialkylamino ethyl acrylate in the presence of a catalyst such as a persulfate or peroxide. Preferred salts are chloride and sulfate. Ammonium persulfate is the preferred catalyst.
- The effective molecular weight of PVA can be raised significantly by the addition of borate ions due to extensive cross-linking. Borated PVA are preferred embodiments of this invention.
- Hydroxy cellulose, especially carbon methyl cellulose are also cross- linked by borate which can be used to adjust effective molecular weights and viscosity. Mixtures of cationized PVA and hydroxyl celluloses are included within the scope of the invention. Specific amounts used depend upon the ratio of alcohol precursors and their relative molecular weights.
- The cationized PVA may be produced as an aqueous suspension which is adjusted to a water content of 20%-80% by weight.
- The cationized PVA improves dispersion of fibers when wet chop is added to whitewater due to polar nature of the sized fibers. The low degree of dissolution into whitewater improves wet tack of the fibers on the wet web and allows increased processing speed. The polarity of the cationized size reduces the need for biocides in the whitewater. The lower solubility in whitewater reduces the number of changes of whitewater required and reduces the BOD of the waste whitewater.
- The invention has been described in terms of examples which demonstrate the utility but do not limit the scope of the invention. Changes or additions apparent to one with skill in the art are within the scope and spirit of the invention. [need paragraph of hydroxyl cellulose, CME].
- The use of cationized polyvinyl alcohol as a sizing agent for wet chop improves performance and lowers production costs for products made using fiber, non-woven fabrics as a basis for construction. Construction materials such as shingles and roll goods are exemplary.
Claims (9)
1. A sizing composition for natural and synthetic polymer fibers comprising an aqueous solution of a cationized alcohol.
2. A sizing composition according to claim 1 which is a cationized polyvinyl alcohol having an average molecular weight of 13,000 to 100,000.
3. A sizing composition according to claim 2 wherein said cationized polyvinyl alcohol has an average molecular weight of 13,000 to 50,000.
4. A sizing composition according to claim 2 having a degree of hydrolysis of between 70 and 99%.
5. A sizing composition according to claim 4 having a degree of hydrolysis of between 72 and 89%.
6. A sizing composition according to claims 2 which is a borated polyvinyl alcohol.
5. A sizing composition according to claim 1 wherein the cationized alcohol is a cationized hydroxyl cellulose.
6. A sizing composition according to claim 1 which is a quaternized salt.
7. A sizing composition according to claim 1 which is applied in the manufacture of wet chop.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/027,439 US20090199985A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 | 2008-02-07 | Cationized PVA as a Sizing Component in Wet Chop Processing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/027,439 US20090199985A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 | 2008-02-07 | Cationized PVA as a Sizing Component in Wet Chop Processing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20090199985A1 true US20090199985A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
Family
ID=40937887
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/027,439 Abandoned US20090199985A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 | 2008-02-07 | Cationized PVA as a Sizing Component in Wet Chop Processing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090199985A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2324601A (en) * | 1940-09-21 | 1943-07-20 | Du Pont | Sizing |
| US2828305A (en) * | 1958-03-25 | Manufacture of hydroxyalkyl | ||
| US2964445A (en) * | 1955-11-23 | 1960-12-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of sizing paper and resulting product |
| US4465500A (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1984-08-14 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for sizing glass fibers |
| US7144946B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2006-12-05 | Hugh McIntyre Smith | Cationic polyvinyl alcohol-containing compositions |
| US20070006775A1 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-11 | Helwig Gregory S | Method for producing a wet-laid fiber mat |
-
2008
- 2008-02-07 US US12/027,439 patent/US20090199985A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2828305A (en) * | 1958-03-25 | Manufacture of hydroxyalkyl | ||
| US2324601A (en) * | 1940-09-21 | 1943-07-20 | Du Pont | Sizing |
| US2964445A (en) * | 1955-11-23 | 1960-12-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of sizing paper and resulting product |
| US4465500A (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1984-08-14 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for sizing glass fibers |
| US7144946B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2006-12-05 | Hugh McIntyre Smith | Cationic polyvinyl alcohol-containing compositions |
| US20070006775A1 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-11 | Helwig Gregory S | Method for producing a wet-laid fiber mat |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |