US20080302682A1 - Pouch for tobacco or tobacco substitute - Google Patents
Pouch for tobacco or tobacco substitute Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080302682A1 US20080302682A1 US11/761,084 US76108407A US2008302682A1 US 20080302682 A1 US20080302682 A1 US 20080302682A1 US 76108407 A US76108407 A US 76108407A US 2008302682 A1 US2008302682 A1 US 2008302682A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pouch
- tobacco
- set forth
- disposal
- degradation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyesterurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- AOLNDUQWRUPYGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxepan-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CCOCCO1 AOLNDUQWRUPYGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1COCCO1 VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonanedioid acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Suberic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFVMEOPYDLEHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluorophenyl)-phenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(F)C=1C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HFVMEOPYDLEHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-ZXZARUISSA-N (3r,6s)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULKFLOVGORAZDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethyloxetan-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)COC1=O ULKFLOVGORAZDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 4511-42-6 Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorhexidine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1NC(N)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000009123 Fibrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010073385 Fibrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fibrin monomer Chemical compound CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CN BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Polymers OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021703 Indifference Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010055615 Zein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSCLMSFRWBPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Butyrolactone Chemical compound CC1CC(=O)O1 GSCLMSFRWBPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012668 chain scission Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960005188 collagen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- VKONPUDBRVKQLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1CCC(O)CC1 VKONPUDBRVKQLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003499 fibrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001308 poly(aminoacid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001692 polycarbonate urethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000000 soil microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCC WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B13/00—Tobacco for pipes, for cigars, e.g. cigar inserts, or for cigarettes; Chewing tobacco; Snuff
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to smokeless tobacco products, and in particular to a degradable polymer container for smokeless tobacco.
- Smokeless tobacco in the form of so-called snuff i.e. tobacco adapted for oral administration
- snuff i.e. tobacco adapted for oral administration
- smokeless tobacco products pose a lesser threat to a user's health than, for example, smoking, and can therefore be regarded as an acceptable substitute for smoking.
- a popular way of administrating snuff is to contain the snuff in a permeable pouch.
- a pouch holds the tobacco in place, while at the same time letting the flavours and substances of the tobacco pass through the walls of the pouch and into the user's mouth, to thereby be absorbed by the mucous membranes.
- the user removes the tobacco pouch from his or her mouth and disposes the now moisture-logged pouch.
- the used tobacco pouches Due to lack of suitable public bins, or due to the users' indifference and indolence, the used tobacco pouches frequently end up in public places, such as streets, at golf courses and other sports grounds, at entrances to public buildings and shops, and so forth. Being small and relatively flat objects, the tobacco pouches can not easily be picked up and disposed.
- the lack of suitable facilities for disposing a used tobacco pouch may lead to the user keeping the tobacco pouch in his/her mouth longer than he/she actually would like to, thereby exposing himself/herself to an unnecessary large dose of potentially harmful agents.
- WO 97/13419 In the international patent application WO 97/13419 it is mentioned that a degradable sheath could be used to contain smokeless tobacco, but the material of the degradable sheath is only briefly discussed. Furthermore, WO 97/13419 is silent about the tactile feeling that different material compositions evoke in a user's mouth. An appealing tactile sensation is a prerequisite for gaining the consumers' acceptance of smokeless tobacco products.
- Embodiments of the invention are directed to a pouch containing smokeless tobacco and being adapted for oral administration. After removal from the user's mouth, the pouch will degrade when exposed to the physical, chemical and biological conditions that prevail in different environments around human beings.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a pouch that is made from a material which degrades when exposed to humidity over an extended period of time.
- the degradation of a pouch is mainly caused by micro-organisms
- a pouch according to a third embodiment is made from a material that degrades when exposed to sunlight.
- a still further embodiment degrades due to the influence of oxygen, i.e. the pouch material degrades via oxidation.
- the invention is directed to a pouch or container adapted to contain tobacco or a tobacco substitute.
- the pouch is intended for oral administration and is designed to degrade in a natural environment after removal from the mouth of a user and subsequent disposal.
- the pouch completely surrounds (or encloses) the tobacco with a material which is not dissolvable in a user's mouth.
- the pouch and tobacco therein can be stored in an airtight container (eg, a bag or plastic container) to prevent the pouch from being exposed to the oxygen and humidity of ambient air.
- the pouch is made from a degradable material, the degradation of which is mainly induced by water, e.g. in the form of humidity and/or rainwater.
- a degradable material the degradation of which is mainly induced by water, e.g. in the form of humidity and/or rainwater.
- such pouch material will start to degrade as soon as it comes into contact with the tobacco contained in the pouch as tobacco contains a certain amount of moisture. The degradation process will then proceed during the entire time of storage before the corresponding smokeless tobacco product is used by a consumer.
- a degradable pouch for a smokeless tobacco product must be made from a material that withstands the degradation induced by the moisture of the tobacco product itself during the whole storage period, at least to such an extent that any change in the mechanical properties of the pouch material does not compromise the quality of the tobacco product.
- a pouch for a smokeless tobacco product must therefore be tailored for the specific tobacco product, including the intended shelf life, of which the pouch is a part. This is in particular true when the pouch is made from one or several degradable polymers, because any change in mechanical properties of the pouch, such as strength or stiffness, is not to be regarded as a general feature among the polymers, and will be different from material to material even if their relative degradation is the same. Consequently, specific knowledge of the general degradation characteristics of the polymer(s) is required to design a pouch material that will withstand the maximal allowed storage time for any specific smokeless tobacco product.
- the time period during which a consumer actually enjoys the smokeless tobacco product is relatively short, approximately 10 to 30 minutes, in particular in comparison with the intended shelf life, which can range from 3 to 12 months; and normally this relatively short time period during which the tobacco product is in the user's mouth does not come into consideration when selecting a suitable pouch material.
- Degradable pouch materials whose degradation predominantly is induced by humidity—or more precisely by the water that is abundant in humid air—are typically polymers characterized by having hydrolysable bonds in the backbone of the polymer chain.
- hydrolysable bonds are those found in the polymer groups comprising polyanhydrides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyorthoesters, polyphosphazenes, polyesterurethane, polycarbonateurethane, and polyaminoacids. More specifically, polyesters or polycarbonates made through ring-opening polymerization of the monomers generally known as lactones is of particular applicability.
- lactones may be un-substituted or substituted, and some non-limiting examples of lactones that can be used are propiolactone, pivalolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 6-valerolactone, glycolide, L-lactide, D-lactide, mesolactide, paradioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, ⁇ -caprolactone, and 1,5-dioxepan-2-one. Also the dimeric lactones from ⁇ -caprolactone and 1,5-dioxepan-2-one are readily polymerized into polymers with high molecular weight.
- lactone monomers can furthermore be mixed with each other during the polymerization step to create block or random copolymers with a wide spectrum of properties.
- the various homopolymers and copolymers from the aforementioned monomers can furthermore be blended with each other or with any polymer of the aforementioned polymer groups in a variety of different proportions to further fine-tune some of the desirable properties.
- One such property of particular importance is the degradation time, but also other properties, like strength and softness, should be considered.
- polyesters as degradable materials for a pouch according to the present invention are those generally known as condensation polymers. This group contains polyesters made from diacids and diols, and several of these polyesters are able to form fibres which will degrade in nature. Examples of various diacids are, but not limited to, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic and sebacic acid.
- These acids can be polymerized in the presence of a variety of diols, such as ethyleneglycol, 1,2-propyleneglycol, 1,3-proanediol, 1,4-butandiol, pentamethylenglycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, or 1,4-cyclohexandiol, to form suitable material for a pouch according to the present invention.
- diols such as ethyleneglycol, 1,2-propyleneglycol, 1,3-proanediol, 1,4-butandiol, pentamethylenglycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, or 1,4-cyclohexandiol
- the pouch is made from a degradable material having slow or very slow degradation kinetics when exposed to humidity only, but with accelerated degradation kinetics when also exposed to microorganisms which are abundant in nature. In comparison with materials that mainly degrade due to humidity, such materials have an enhanced ability to preserve the mechanical integrity of a corresponding pouch over an extended time of storage.
- a degradable material having slow or very slow degradation kinetics when exposed to humidity only, but with accelerated degradation kinetics when also exposed to microorganisms which are abundant in nature.
- such materials have an enhanced ability to preserve the mechanical integrity of a corresponding pouch over an extended time of storage.
- Several microorganisms and especially several families of bacteria residing in soil will readily degrade synthetic polymer, and particularly polyesters. When active microorganisms are taking part in the degradation process, the degradation will proceed by oxidation and also enzymatic cleavage and not only by pure hydrolysis. This will further enhance the ongoing degradation process.
- the degradation processes of natural polymers like polysacchari
- polyhydroxybutyrate and its various copolymers are, for example, utilized by certain bacteria abundant in soil to store energy, and it can therefore be expected that a pouch comprising polyhydroxybutyrate will be quickly consumed by such bacteria.
- Some polysaccarides are available in nature and can in many cases easily be formed into fibres. Examples of such natural polysaccarides are starch and chitosan. Starch is found in a variety of different crops and among the larger sources are corn and potatoes. Chitosan is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and is most readily available from shrimp and crab shell. Both starch and chitosan are easily degraded in nature by various microorganisms.
- Oxidative degradation by chitosan is very fast and especially so in the presence of metal ions like iron, which is naturally present in the environment.
- Non-limiting examples of proteins which can be used to make the pouch according to the invention and which degrade due to influence of microorganisms are fibrin, collagen and zein.
- Natural materials may further be stabilized by crosslinking with diepoxides, dialdehydes or polycarbocylic acids to manipulate degradation and mechanical properties of the end product. Degradation of polymers by sunlight and especially the ultraviolet part is also well known and most synthetic polymers today contain some kind of additive to avoid this type of degradation. Sunlight in combination with oxygen in air will cause oxidation of the polymer leading to chain scission and thus degradation.
- Copolymerization of ordinary vinyl monomers, ethylene and polypropylene together with carbon monoxide and thus introducing a keto group in the main polymer chain which is readily further oxidized has also been used to speed up degradation of polymers in nature.
- the most well known photo degradable resins made from carbon monoxide is known as Ecolyte which has been used to modify other materials to be fully degradable when exposed to unshielded sunlight and humidity.
- polyvinylalcohol Another polymer, which readily forms fibers and thin foils, is polyvinylalcohol or its various copolymers.
- the biodegradation of this polymer is well known and proceeds through oxidation and subsequent chain cleavage into smaller polymer chains.
- the oxidation process is most readily performed by sunlight and soil bacteria and results in low molecular fragments that are water soluble and thus more susceptible to oxidation and hydrolysis, which leads to full degradation of the polymer.
- the above materials are non-limiting examples of degradable polymers that can be used alone or in blends with each other to result in the most preferred degradation profile of the pouch.
- Various additives such as oxidizers, sencitizers, and plasticizers can be employed to alter the degradation characteristics of the material.
- Plasticizers such as but not limited to various substituted or non substituted citric acid esters, such as triethyl-citrate or acetyl triethyl-citrate, and glycerol esters, such as triacetin, can be used to modify the softness of the material to minimize the feel of the pouch once in the mouth.
- the examples of materials and additives that can be used for the pouch are not limiting examples to achieve the most preferred degradation profile. While the storage periods may be different and also the amount of moisture present, in different tobacco blends, the storage time may affect the different materials differently and consequently the material selection for a suitable pouch material must be determined with these factors in mind, e.g. a pouch made from a relatively dry tobacco product with a short storage time can preferably be made from a material composition having a faster degradation kinetic than a pouch that will house a moist tobacco product. For those materials where the primary degradation arises from simple hydrolysis, the moisture content in the tobacco will be of primary importance for selecting the suitable material.
- the storage period is typically 3 to 12 months and degradation during this time period should not lead to any such change in mechanical properties such as strength or pliability that will compromise the end use of the pouch or how the customer perceives the pouch.
- the pouch After disposal of the pouch, the pouch should be disintegrated, e.g. fragmented into smaller pieces, or fully degraded within a time period of 3 years, but more preferably within 2 years and more preferably within a time period of 1 year or less.
- Polymers of particular interest are those that degrade by means of sunlight and oxidation together with those that degrade by hydrolysis and/or in combination with micro organisms.
- polymers that can be used to meet the various selection criteria set forth above, the polylactide, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polycaprolactone family of polymers can be used.
- the above-mentioned polymers are only slowly degraded in a humid environment, a feature that can be manipulated, either accelerated or retarded, by copolymerisation or blending with synthetic or natural polymers.
- Poly-1-lactide has a degradation time of about 4 to 6 years as a pure homo polymer.
- the degradation time for pure polyglycolide is too short for the polymer to be of interest as the main component in the pouch material, but if glycolide is used as a co-monomer in the polylactide polymerisation, the glycolide will be found as short but more easily degradable sequences within the lactide-glycolide copolymer and thus lead to a faster disintegration and degradation of the pouch material.
- Non-limiting examples of other monomers that can be used instead of glycolide to manipulate the degradation kinetic of polylactide and polycaprolactone is paradioxanone, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and trimethylene carbonate.
- Various additives like natural polymers like carbohydrates and proteins may further be used to manipulate the degradation characteristics.
- the pouch itself can be made from a fibre mat.
- Several techniques can be employed to make the fibres used for production of the pouch material such as melt spinning and dry or wet spinning.
- Typical fibre diameters especially useful in this application are found in the range of 0.5 to 50 microns, preferably in the range of 2 to 30 microns, and more preferably in the range of 8 to 24 microns. It must be understood that a more stiff material may require a smaller diameter than a more soft material to obtain a pouch that does not feel hard or stiff once in the mouth.
- the fibres can later be converted into non-woven fibre mats by well-known techniques.
- Other techniques that may be used for production of the inventive pouch material are fibre blowing or electro-spinning.
- a fibre mat is produced at the same time the fibre is formed, and may for some materials be a more convenient method to produce the pouch material.
- the thickness of the pouch material is typically in the range of 25 to 300 microns, but more preferably in the range of 75 to 150 microns.
- fibre forming processes may be a convenient method to make the inventive pouch material, other techniques may be used.
- One such method is to make the pouch from a thin, perforated polymer foil. These thin foils can be made very flexible.
- One convenient way to perforate the thin foil is to use electrical discharge across the foil area or any type of laser equipment such as carbon dioxide or excimer lasers. Foils are most conveniently extruded, and during this process several layers can be combined to achieve the right feel of the pouch material.
- Additives can also be used in one or all of the layers.
- Such additives could be any type of pharmacological substance, nicotine, nicotine extract, any type of oral health substance such as sodium fluoride, chlorhexidin or teeth whitening substances to mention a few.
- the pouch material e.g. in the form of a fibre mat or a film, can be formed into a pouch by well-known techniques such as folding and subsequent welding, sewing or gluing, etc.
- the pore size of the pouch needs to be adjusted to the tobacco product so that a minimum of solid particles escape the pouch but should allow for a free exchange of water soluble substances. If very small pores are used and the material in the pouch is relatively hydrophobic, free water flow may be hindered and larger pores may be needed. The same but opposite is true when a more hydrophilic material is used to manufacture the pouch.
- the porosity or transparency i.e. the area not occupied by any type of material is in the range of 5 to 40%, but preferably found in the range of 10 to 30%, or more preferably in the range of 15 to 25%.
- the shape of the pores is not important for the proper function of the inventive pouch and may take any type of shape.
- the area of any type of pore can easily be defined and the pore size can then be specified as the diameter of a circle with equivalent area.
- the so defined equivalent pore diameter should be a maximum of 500 microns and preferably less than 300 microns.
- at least 50% of the porosity in the pouch is made up by pores having an equivalent diameter of 100 microns or less.
Landscapes
- Bag Frames (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/761,084 US20080302682A1 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2007-06-11 | Pouch for tobacco or tobacco substitute |
SE1050012A SE1050012L (sv) | 2007-06-11 | 2008-06-09 | Påse för tobak eller tobakssubstitut |
PCT/IB2008/001476 WO2008152469A2 (fr) | 2007-06-11 | 2008-06-09 | Sachet pour tabac ou substitut de tabac |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/761,084 US20080302682A1 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2007-06-11 | Pouch for tobacco or tobacco substitute |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080302682A1 true US20080302682A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
Family
ID=39967535
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/761,084 Abandoned US20080302682A1 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2007-06-11 | Pouch for tobacco or tobacco substitute |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080302682A1 (fr) |
SE (1) | SE1050012L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008152469A2 (fr) |
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US20090022917A1 (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2009-01-22 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Oral delivery pouch product with coated seam |
US20110232657A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Controlled release mentholated tobacco beads |
WO2011137420A1 (fr) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-03 | Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Procédés, articles et trousses pour la désensibilisation allergique par l'intermédiaire des muqueuses orales |
US8067046B2 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2011-11-29 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Oral pouch product including soluble dietary fibers |
US20120031414A1 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-02-09 | U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company Llc | Composite smokeless tobacco products, systems, and methods |
US8119173B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2012-02-21 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Method of flavor encapsulation through the use of a drum coater |
US8124147B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2012-02-28 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Oral pouch products with immobilized flavorant particles |
US20120067362A1 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-03-22 | Michele Mola | Smokeless Oral Products |
WO2012061192A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-10 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Produits du tabac sans fumée et processus associés |
WO2012103327A1 (fr) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Matériaux polymères dérivés de tabac |
JP2012531898A (ja) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-12-13 | フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム | 無煙タバコ製品 |
US8377215B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2013-02-19 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Moist botanical pouch processing |
US8424541B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2013-04-23 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Tobacco-free oral flavor delivery pouch product |
US8616221B2 (en) | 2007-02-28 | 2013-12-31 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Oral pouch product with flavored wrapper |
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US8685478B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2014-04-01 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Flavor pouch |
US8747562B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2014-06-10 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Tobacco-free pouched product containing flavor beads providing immediate and long lasting flavor release |
US8863755B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2014-10-21 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Controlled flavor release tobacco pouch products and methods of making |
US8950408B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2015-02-10 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Oral pouch product having soft edge |
US9027567B2 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2015-05-12 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Oral pouch product with multi-layered pouch wrapper |
US9044049B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2015-06-02 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Tobacco pouch product |
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US9414624B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-08-16 | Altria Client Services Llc | Fiber-wrapped smokeless tobacco product |
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US11805802B2 (en) | 2019-06-07 | 2023-11-07 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Nicotine pouch composition |
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US12138342B2 (en) | 2019-12-09 | 2024-11-12 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Fleece for oral product with releasable component |
US12178905B2 (en) | 2019-12-09 | 2024-12-31 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Fleece for pouched product with controlled basis weight |
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JP2012531898A (ja) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-12-13 | フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム | 無煙タバコ製品 |
US10143230B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2018-12-04 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Tobacco-free pouched product containing flavor beads providing immediate and long lasting flavor release |
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WO2008152469A3 (fr) | 2009-02-05 |
SE1050012L (sv) | 2010-01-11 |
WO2008152469A2 (fr) | 2008-12-18 |
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