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US20080119487A1 - Novel non-imidazole compounds - Google Patents

Novel non-imidazole compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080119487A1
US20080119487A1 US11/943,315 US94331507A US2008119487A1 US 20080119487 A1 US20080119487 A1 US 20080119487A1 US 94331507 A US94331507 A US 94331507A US 2008119487 A1 US2008119487 A1 US 2008119487A1
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Prior art keywords
compound
alkyl
mmol
substituted
effective amount
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US11/943,315
Inventor
Robert G. Aslanian
Neng-Yang Shih
Pauline C. Ting
Michael Y. Berlin
Stuart B. Rosenblum
Kevin D. McCormick
Wing C. Tom
Christopher W. Boyce
Pietro Mangiaracina
Mwangi W. Mutahi
John J. Piwinski
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Merck Sharp and Dohme LLC
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Schering Corp
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Priority to US11/943,315 priority Critical patent/US20080119487A1/en
Publication of US20080119487A1 publication Critical patent/US20080119487A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D498/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • WO 95/14007 published May 26, 1995 discloses H 3 receptor antagonists of the imidazole type.
  • WO99/24405 published May 20, 1999 discloses H 3 receptor ligands of the imidazole type.
  • the present invention provides novel compounds of structure I.
  • R 1 is selected from:
  • (3) X is selected from: ⁇ C(O), ⁇ C(NOR 3 ), —C(NNR 4 R 5 ),
  • M 2 is selected from C or N;
  • M 3 and M 4 are independently selected from C or N;
  • Y is selected from: is —CH 2 —, ⁇ C(O), ⁇ C(NOR 20 ) (wherein R 20 is as defined above), or ⁇ C(S);
  • Z is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group
  • R 2 is a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring, said six-membered heteroaryl ring comprising 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms with the remaining ring atoms being carbon, and said five-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from: nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur with the remaining ring atoms being carbon; said five or six membered heteroaryl rings being optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from: halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, —CF 3 , CF 3 O—, —NR 4 R 5 , phenyl, —NO 2 , —CO 2 R 4 , —CON(R 4 ) 2 wherein each R 4 is the same or different, —CH 2 NR 4 R 5 , —(N)C(NR 4 R 5 ) 2 , or —CN;
  • R 3 is selected from:
  • R 4 is selected from: hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, said aryl and alkylaryl groups being optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from: halogen, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —OH, —N(R 45 ) 2 , —CO 2 R 45 , —C(O)N(R 45 ) 2 , or —CN; wherein R 45 is as defined above;
  • R 5 is selected from: hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —C(O)R 4 , —C(O) 2 R 4 , or —C(O)N(R 4 ) 2 wherein each R 4 is independently selected, and R 4 is as defined above;
  • R 6 is selected from: alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, —CF 3 , CF 3 O—, —NR 4 R 5 , phenyl, —NO 2 , —CO 2 R 4 , —CON(R 4 ) 2 wherein each R 4 is the same or different, or —CN;
  • R 12 is selected from: alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, or fluoro;
  • R 13 is selected from: alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, or fluoro;
  • a (subscript for R 12 ) is 0 to 2;
  • (20) e is 0 to 5;
  • n 1, 2 or 3;
  • p is 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that when M 3 and M 4 are both nitrogen, then p is 2 or 3 (i.e., p is not 1 when M 3 and M 2 are both nitrogen).
  • This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of compound of Formula I, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses, congestion (e.g., nasal congestion), hypotension, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders (e.g., hypersomnia, somnolence, and narcolepsy), disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD), hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system (for example, agitation and depression), and other CNS disorders (such as Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and migraine) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • congestion e.g., nasal congestion
  • hypotension e.g., cardiovascular disease
  • diseases of the GI tract e.g., hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract
  • obesity sleeping disorders (e.g.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • a patient in need of such treatment e.g., a mammal, such as a human being
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • a patient in need of such treatment e.g., a mammal, such as a human being
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: congestion (e.g., nasal congestion) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • congestion e.g., nasal congestion
  • a patient in need of such treatment e.g., a mammal, such as a human being
  • This invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, and an effective amount of a H 1 receptor antagonist in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses, and congestion (e.g., nasal congestion) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • a patient in need of such treatment e.g., a mammal, such as a human being
  • an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • a patient in need of such treatment e.g., a mammal, such as a human being
  • an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • a patient in need of such treatment e.g., a mammal, such as a human being
  • an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: congestion (e.g., nasal congestion) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • congestion e.g., nasal congestion
  • a patient in need of such treatment e.g., a mammal, such as a human being
  • an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • alkyl (including the alkyl portions of alkoxy and alkylaryl)—represents straight and branched carbon chains and contains from one to twenty carbon atoms, preferably one to six carbon atoms;
  • alkylaryl represents an alkyl group, as defined above, bound to an aryl group, as defined below, wherein said aryl group is bound to the rest of the molecule;
  • aryl (including the aryl portion of alkylaryl)—represents a carbocyclic group containing from 6 to 15 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring (e.g., aryl is a phenyl ring), with all available substitutable carbon atoms of the carbocyclic group being intended as possible points of attachment;
  • arylalkyl represents an aryl group, as defined above, bound to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein said alkyl group is bound to the rest of the molecule;
  • cycloalkyl represents saturated carbocyclic rings of from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms;
  • halo (halogen)—represents fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo
  • heteroaryl represents cyclic groups, having at least one heteroatom selected from O, S or N, said heteroatom interrupting a carbocyclic ring structure and having a sufficient number of delocalized pi electrons to provide aromatic character, with the aromatic heterocyclic groups preferably containing from 2 to 14 carbon atoms; examples include but are not limited to isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, furanyl (furyl), pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyranyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl (e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl), pyridyl N-oxide (e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl N-oxide), triaziny, pteridinyl, indolyl (benzopyrrolyl), pyri
  • heterocycloalkyl represents a saturated, carbocylic ring containing from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, which carbocyclic ring is interrupted by 1 to 3 hetero groups selected from —O—, —S— or —NR 40 — wherein R 40 represents C 1 to C 6 alkyl, arylalkyl, —C(O)R 4 , —C(O)OR 4 , or —C(O)N(R 45 ) 2 (wherein R 45 is as defined above, and each R 45 is independently selected); examples include but are not limited to 2- or 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2- or 3-tetrahydrothienyl, 2-, 3- or 4-piperidinyl, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2- or 3-piperizinyl, 2- or 4-dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, pentamethylene sulfide, perhydrois
  • lower alkyl represents an alkyl group, as defined above, that comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1-4 carbon atoms;
  • lower alkoxy represents an alkoxy group whose alkyl moiety comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1-4 carbon atoms;
  • (1) represents a mixture of oxime isomers; (2) represents one geometric isomer of the oxime wherein the —OR 3 group is on the same side of the double bond as the group to the left of the carbon atom; (3) represents one geometric isomer of the oxime wherein the —OR 3 group is on the same side of the double bond as the group to the right of the carbon atom; and (1) can also be represented as:
  • upper airway usually means the upper respiratory system—i.e., the nose, throat, and associated structures.
  • “effective amount” generally means a therapeutically effective amount.
  • Certain compounds of the invention may exist in different isomeric (e.g., enantiomers, diastereoisomers and geometric) forms.
  • the invention contemplates all such isomers both in pure form and in admixture, including racemic mixtures. Enol forms are also included.
  • the compounds of this invention are ligands for the histamine H 3 receptor.
  • the compounds of this invention can also be described as antagonists of the H 3 receptor, or as H 3 antagonists.
  • the compounds of the invention are basic and form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with organic and inorganic acids.
  • suitable acids for such salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic, maleic, methanesulfonic and other mineral and carboxylic acids well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the salts are prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt in the conventional manner.
  • the free base forms may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, ammonia and sodium bicarbonate.
  • the free base forms differ from their corresponding salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but the salts are otherwise equivalent to their corresponding free base forms for purposes of this invention.
  • the compounds of Formula I can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms, e.g., hemi-hydrate.
  • solvated forms including hydrated forms, e.g., hemi-hydrate.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like are equivalent to the unsolvated forms for purposes of the invention.
  • the compounds of this invention can be combined with an H 1 receptor antagonist (i.e., the compounds of this invention can be combined with an H 1 receptor antagonist in a pharmaceutical composition, or the compounds of this invention can be administered with H 1 receptor antagonist).
  • H 1 receptor antagonist activity Numerous chemical substances are known to have histamine H 1 receptor antagonist activity. Many useful compounds can be classified as ethanotamines, ethylenedia mines, alkylamines, phenothiazines or piperidines.
  • Representative H 1 receptor antagonists include, without limitation: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine (also known as SCH-34117), diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazin
  • said H 1 receptor antagonist is selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine
  • said H 1 receptor antagonist is selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, carebastine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, ebastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, levocabastine, mizolastine, norastemizole, or terfenadine.
  • said H 1 receptor antagonist is selected from: azatadine, brompheniramine, cetirizne, chlorpheniramine, carebastine, descarboethoxyloratadine (also known as SCH-34117), diphenhydramine, ebastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, or norastemizole.
  • H 1 receptor antagonist is loratadine
  • H 1 receptor antagonist is descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • H 1 receptor antagonist is fexofenadine.
  • H 1 receptor antagonist is cetirizine
  • allergy-induced airway responses are treated.
  • allergy is treated.
  • nasal congestion is treated.
  • the H 1 antagonist is selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine. Most preferably the H 1 antagonist is loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • the antagonists can be administered simultaneously, consecutively (one after the other within a relatively short period of time), or sequentially (first one and then the other over a period of time). In general, when the antagonists are administered consecutively or sequentially, the H 3 antagonist of this invention (compound of Formula I) is administered first.
  • one embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 32 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 54 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 55 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 253A and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 287 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 320 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastro-intestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastro-intestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 32, and an effective amount of H 1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 54, and an effective amount of H 1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 55, and an effective amount of H 1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 253A, and an effective amount of H 1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 287, and an effective amount of H 1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 320, and an effective amount of H 1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a Compound 55 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast,
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast,
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast,
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumas
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrvastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from, loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320 in combination with an effective amount of an H 1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • R 1 is preferably selected from:
  • c is most preferably 0 or 1, and when c is 1 then R 6 is most preferably halo, and when c is 1 then R 6 is more preferably fluoro.
  • X is preferably ⁇ C(NOR 3 ) wherein R 3 is preferably selected from H, alkyl or halo substituted alkyl (e.g., fluoro substituted alkyl, such as —CH 2 CF 3 ), most preferably alkyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl, and still more preferably methyl.
  • R 3 is preferably selected from H, alkyl or halo substituted alkyl (e.g., fluoro substituted alkyl, such as —CH 2 CF 3 ), most preferably alkyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl, and still more preferably methyl.
  • M 2 is nitrogen
  • n is preferably 2.
  • a is preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0.
  • b is preferably 0 or 1 and most preferably 0.
  • c is preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0, and when c is 1 then R 6 is preferably halo, and when c is 1 R 6 is most preferably fluoro.
  • e is preferably 1-5.
  • Y is preferably ⁇ C(O) (i.e., ⁇ C ⁇ O).
  • M 3 and M 4 are preferably selected such that: (1) one is carbon and the other is nitrogen, or (2) both are nitrogen, with M 3 most preferably being carbon.
  • p is preferably 2.
  • Z is preferably C 1 to C 3 alkyl, and most preferably
  • R 2 is preferably a six membered heteroaryl ring, most preferably pyridyl, substituted pyridyl, pyrimidinyl or substituted pyrimidinyl, more preferably pyridyl, pyridyl substituted with —NR 4 R 5 , pyrimidinyl or pyrimidinyl substituted with —NR 5 , still more preferably pyridyl, pyridyl substituted with —NH 2 (i.e., R 4 and R 5 are H), pyrimidinyl or pyrimidinyl substituted with —NH 2 (i.e., R 4 and R 5 are H), and even more preferably
  • R 3 is preferably H or alkyl, most preferably H or methyl.
  • R 4 is preferably H or lower alkyl, most preferably H or methyl, and more preferably H.
  • R 5 is preferably H, C 1 to C 6 alkyl or —C(O)R 4 , most preferably H or methyl, and more preferably H.
  • R 12 is preferably alkyl, hydroxyl or fluoro, and most preferably H.
  • R 13 is preferably alkyl, hydroxyl or fluoro, and most preferably H.
  • Representative compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to: Compounds 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 41, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 59, 65, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 88, 92, 99, 104, 105, 110, 111, 117, 121, 123, 127, 128, 200-241, 244-273, 275, and 278-282, 287, 296, 301-439 and 446.
  • representative compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to: Compounds 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 59, 75, 76, 83, 88, 92, 99, 104, 110, 117, 128, 200, 201, 203-215, 217-241, 244-246, 246A, 247-253, 253A, 254-273, 275, 278, and 280-282, 317, 334 and 403.
  • Preferred compounds of this invention are selected from: Compound 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 59, 92, 212, 215, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 233, 235, 237, 238, 246, 246A, 247, 248, 251, 253, 253A, 268-273, 275, 278-281, 287, 296, 301, 304-307, 309, 312, 314-318, 320-356, or 358-376.
  • Most preferred compounds of this invention are selected from: Compound 30, 31, 32, 33, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 225, 237, 246A, 253A, 273, 280, 287, 296, 301, 304-307, 309, 312, 314-318, 320-348, 350-356, 359-372, and 374-376.
  • one embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 32.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 54.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 55.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 253A.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 287.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 320.
  • the more preferred compound of this invention is the compound of the formula:
  • This invention also provides a compound of the formula:
  • This invention also provides a compound of the formula,
  • Compounds 32A and 32B can also be used in the pharmaceutical compositions, and the methods of this invention.
  • One synthetic route involves a linear sequence of reactions to obtain the desired compounds, i.e.,
  • R 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, or alkyl
  • X a ketone, oxime or substituted oxime
  • Y is C ⁇ O
  • Z ⁇ CHR R 2 is heteroaryl
  • PG represents a protecting group
  • M represents Li or MgX 1 (wherein X 1 represents Cl, Br or I).
  • a Grignard reagent 2 is reacted with an electrophile such as the aldehyde 1 or the nitrile 4 in a suitable aprotic solvent such as THF or ether.
  • PG represents a protecting group. Suitable protecting groups include, for example, methyl and benzyl.
  • Alcohol 3 can be oxidized by a number of different reagents to give 8.
  • the amide 7 can be reacted with an organometallic reagent to directly give the ketone 8.
  • Suitable protecting groups for this step include carbamates or amides or the like.
  • examples of protecting groups in equation 3 include t-BOC, CBZ and FMOC.
  • the protecting group, PG is a methyl group
  • said methyl group can be removed using a reagent such as a chloroformate
  • PG is a carbamate, such as, a t-Boc group
  • dilute acid such as, for example HCl
  • Amine 9 can be coupled to acid 10 using a number of methods well known in the art such as DCC or PyBOP.
  • the acid 10 can be activated by conversion to the acid chloride or mixed anhydride and then reacted with the amine 9 to give 11.
  • Suitable protecting groups for 10 include, for example, t-Boc.
  • Compound 11 in which the protecting group is a t-Boc can be deprotected under acidic conditions such as HCl in dioxane or TFA in CH 2 Cl 2 to give the amine 12.
  • R 30 in 13 represents an alkyl group.
  • E is a leaving group, halogen, or E is a carbonyl group.
  • Compound 14 can be prepared by reacting amine 12 with 13.
  • E represents a carbonyl group (C ⁇ O)
  • 12 and 13 are combined in a solvent such as CH 2 Cl 2 in the presence of molecular sieves.
  • a reducing agent such as NaBH(OAc) 3 is added.
  • E is a halogen atom such as Cl or Br
  • 12 and 13 are combined in a solvent, such as OMF, in the presence of a tertiary amine base to give the product 14.
  • Suitable protecting groups include, for example t-Boc, phthaloyl.
  • Compound 14 can be converted to the oxime 15 by combining 14 with H 2 NOR 3 .HCl in pyridine at a temperature of 40-60° C. Alternatively, 14 can be combined with H 2 NOR 3 . HCl in an alcoholic solvent in the presence of a base, such as, NaOAc, to give 15.
  • a base such as, NaOAc
  • R 30 is as defined above (i.e., alkyl).
  • R 35 is methyl or ethyl.
  • M represents Li, Na, or K.
  • Compound 17 is saponified in a mixed solvent, such as, for example: (1) EtOH or MeOH and water, or (2) THF, water, and MeOH, using an alkali metal base such as LiOH or NaOH at a temperature of from 50 to 100° C. to give the salt 18.
  • a mixed solvent such as, for example: (1) EtOH or MeOH and water, or (2) THF, water, and MeOH, using an alkali metal base such as LiOH or NaOH at a temperature of from 50 to 100° C. to give the salt 18.
  • compound 32 can preferably be prepared from compound 5A in a manner similar to that described for compound 287 in Step 3 of Example 28.
  • Example 7 Step 4 Example 1, Step 4, and Example 6, Steps 6 and 7, 64 (0.73 g, 3 mmol) was converted to 65 (0.1 g).
  • step 7 81 (0.36 g, 0.53 mmol; synthesized in the same manner as compound 30) was converted to 82 (0.34 g, 63%).
  • step 2 86 (3.1 g) was converted to 87 (2.0 g, yield: 68%).
  • step 3 In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, step 3, 4, 5, and 6, 87 was converted to 88.
  • step 3 95 (5.34 g, 12.11 mmol) was converted to 96 (4.71 g, 75%).
  • step 4 96 (3.7 g, 8.43 mmol) was converted to 97 (3.08 g, >100%) which was used as is in the next step.
  • step 7 122 (0.26 g, 0.41 mmol) was converted to 123 (0.08 g, 40%).
  • step 3 and Example 1 steps 4, 5, and 6, 125 was converted to 126.
  • step 5 126 was converted to 127.
  • step 7 127 was converted to 128.
  • the isomers 246A and 253A, below, can be separated from 246 and 253, respectively, above, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • 3,4 Pyridine-dicarboximide 288 (10.0 g; 67.5 mmoles) was dissolved in 162 g. of 10% aqueous NaOH and the solution was cooled to an internal temperature of 7° C. in an ice-salt bath. Bromine (3.6 ml; 70 mmoles) was added dropwise. After the addition, the solution was heated for 45 minutes at a bath temperature of 80-85° C. The yellow solution was then cooled to an internal temperature of 37° C., then 17 ml of glacial acetic acid were added dropwise to a pH of 5.5. The resulting mixture was saved overnight in a refrigerator. The solid formed was filtered and washed with 5 ml of water and 5 ml of methanol. The reaction yielded 6.35 g. of product 289 melting at 280-285° C. (decomp.).
  • Solid Compound 289 (9.5 gr.; 69 mmoles) was carefully added in three aliquots to a slurry of lithium aluminum hydride (9.5 gr.; 250 mmoles) in 200 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran. The resulting hot mixture was stirred at room temperature for two days. After cooling in an ice bath, the reaction was quenched with very careful sequential dropwise addition of 10 ml of water, followed by 10 ml of 15% aqueous NaOH, then by 30 ml of water. The resulting solid was filtered through a pad of Celite and washed several times with THF. The oil obtained after evaporation of the solvent, solidified on standing.
  • Manganese dioxide (29 gr.; 334 mmoles) was added, in one portion, at room temperature, to a suspension of 3-amino-4-hydroxymethylpyridine 290 (5.0 gr.; 40.3 mmoles) in 500 ml of chloroform with good stirring. After two days, the solid is filtered through a pad of Celite and washed with chloroform. Removal of the solvent using reduced pressure yielded 4.2 grams (85%) of Compound 291 as a yellow solid.
  • 4-(2-pyridinylcarbonyl)piperidine 28 (Step 4 in Example 6) (0.3 gr.; 1.58 mmoles), lithium 1-[(3-amino-4-pyridinyl)methyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylate 293 (0.34 gr.; 1.4 mmoles), DEC (0.38 gr.; 2.0 mmoles), and HOBT (0.27 gr.; 2.0 mmoles) were stirred at room temperature in 10 ml of dry DMF for two days. The reaction was quenched with 50 ml. of 0.5 N aqueous NaOH, then the solution was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • reaction mixture was purified by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography. The plates were eluted with EtOAc:Hexanes:MeOH(NH 3 ) (60:35:5) and the product 296 was extracted with 10% MeOH(NH 3 )/EtOAc. Yields: 0.15 gr. (71%).
  • FAB-MS m/z 437 (M+1).
  • Compound 447 is prepared from a compound of formula:
  • R 50 is an alkyl or aryl group, f is 0 to 4, R 51 is an alkyl group, and Q is a halo group, wherein said alkyl, aryl, and halo groups are as defined above.
  • Compound 447 can be prepared from 448 and 449 by:
  • This preparation can be represented as follows:
  • step 1 a 4-halo-1-alkylpiperidine (or a 4-halo-1-arylpiperidine) is converted to its Grignard analog (449A) by reacting with magnesium.
  • the reaction is performed generally at temperatures of about ⁇ 10° C. to reflux.
  • hydrocarbon solvent such as, for example, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and the like, or mixture of hydrocarbons listed above with an ether, such as, for example, a C 5 -C 12 alkyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane 1.2-diethoxyethane, diglyme, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like are suitable for this reaction.
  • the solution is cooled to around ⁇ 10° C. to about 10° C. and then reacted with a suitable 2-cyanopyridine (448), for about 10-120 minutes.
  • 2-cyanopyridine examples include 2-cyanopyridine, 4-methyl-2-cyanopyridine, 4-ethyl-2-cyanopyridine, 4-phenyl-2-cyanopyridine, and the like. Preferred are 2-cyanopyridine and 4-methyl-2-cyanopyridine.
  • the Grignard compound is used generally in about 1-4 molar equivalents with respect to the compound of formula 448, preferably in about 1-3 molar equivalents and typically in about 1.5-2.5 molar equivalents.
  • the product of formula 450 may be isolated by procedures well known in the art, such as, for example, treatment with an acid (e.g. HCl), preferably in a suitable solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate).
  • the product of Formula 450 may then be reacted with an alkyl chloroformate in the next step.
  • Suitable alkyl chloroformates are, for example, methyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, propyl chloroformate, and the like, with the preferred being methyl chloroformate or ethyl chloroformate.
  • a hydrocarbon solvent such as, for example, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and the like, or mixture of a hydrocarbons listed above with an ether such as, for example, a C 5 -C 12 alkyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1.2-diethoxyethane, diglyme, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like is suitable for this reaction.
  • the reaction is generally performed at about 25-100° C., preferably about 40-90° C. and typically about 50-80° C., for about 1-5 hours.
  • the generated acid is washed off and the product of formula 452 may be isolated by organic solvent extraction.
  • the compound of Formula 452 may then be converted into its acid salt by treatment with an acid such as, for example, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like, generally in a solvent at temperatures between ambient and reflux of the solvent.
  • Suitable solvents include hydrocarbons such as, for example, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and the like.
  • the salt generally has 2 moles of acid to a mole of compound 452.
  • the compound of formula 453 may then be converted to an alkyloxime of formula 454 by reacting it with an alkoxyamine (or its hydrochloride), usually in aqueous solution form.
  • alkoxyamines are, for example, methoxyamine, ethoxyamine and the like. Methoxyamine is preferred.
  • the alkoxyamine (or its hydrochloride) is employed generally in about 1 to about 4 molar equivalents, preferably in about 1 to about 3 molar equivalents, and typically in about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents.
  • the reaction is catalyzed by a weak acid such as) for example, acetic acid, formic acid and the like, or mixtures thereof.
  • a cosolvent such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and the like, or mixtures thereof may be added.
  • the product of formula 454, after work-up, is a mixture of the Z- and the E-isomers, whose ratio may be analyzed for its stereochemical make-up, using techniques well known in the art such as, for example, HPLC.
  • Treating the compound of formula 454 with a strong acid under the reaction conditions described below isomerizes the mixture of the Z and the E-isomers into predominantly the E-isomer.
  • the compound of formula 454 may be dissolved in a solvent such as, for example, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and the like, ether such as methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and the like, hydrocarbon such as, for example, heptane, hexane, toluene and the like, nitrile such as, for example, acetonitrile, benzonitrile and the like, or mixtures of such solvents.
  • a solvent such as, for example, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and the like, ether such as methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and the like, hydrocarbon such as, for example
  • the dissolved compound is then treated with a strong acid such as, for example, HCl, HBr, H 2 SO 4 and the like, at temperatures in the range of 20 to 100° C. for about 1-20 hours.
  • a strong acid such as, for example, HCl, HBr, H 2 SO 4 and the like
  • the acid is employed generally in about 1 to about 8 molar equivalents, preferably in about 1 to about 6 molar equivalents, and typically in about 2 to about 4 molar equivalents.
  • the products of the various steps in the process described above may be isolated and purified by conventional techniques such as, for example, filtration, recrystallization, solvent extraction, distillation, precipitation, sublimation and the like, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the products may be analyzed and/or checked for purity by conventional methods such as, for example, thin layer chromatography, NMR, HPLC, melting point, mass spectral analysis, elemental analysis and the like, well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the source of the H 3 receptors in this experiment was guinea pig brain.
  • the animals weighed 400-600 g.
  • the brain tissue was homogenized with a solution of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5.
  • the final concentration of tissue in the homogenization buffer was 10% w/v.
  • the homogenates were centrifuged at 1,000 ⁇ g for 10 min. in order to remove clumps of tissue and debris.
  • the resulting supernatants were then centrifuged at 50,000 ⁇ g for 20 min. in order to sediment the membranes, which were next washed three times in homogenization buffer (50,000 ⁇ g for 20 min. each).
  • the membranes were frozen and stored at ⁇ 70° C. until needed.
  • More preferred compound 32 had a K i of 0.83 nM.
  • More preferred compounds 54, 55, 253A, 287, 320 had a KB within the range of about 1.05 to about 9.75 nM.
  • inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories.
  • the powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active ingredient.
  • Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g. magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.
  • Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
  • Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, is shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration.
  • liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally.
  • the transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
  • the compound is administered orally.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form.
  • the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
  • the quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 1 mg to about 150 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to about 75 mg, more preferably from about 1 mg to about 50 mg, according to the particular application.
  • the actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.
  • a typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 1 mg/day to about 300 mg/day, preferably 1 mg/day to 75 mg/day, in two to four divided doses.
  • the methods of this invention described above using a compound of Formula I also include the use of one or more compounds of Formula I, and the methods of this invention described above using a compound of Formula I in combination with an H 1 receptor antagonist also include the use of one or more compounds of Formula I in combination with one or more H 1 receptor antagonists.

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Abstract

Disclosed are novel compounds of the formula
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00001
Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of Formula I.
Also disclosed are methods of treating various diseases or conditions, such as, for example, allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion (e.g., nasal congestion) using the compounds of Formula I.
Also disclosed are methods of treating various diseases or conditions, such as, for example, allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion (e.g., nasal congestion) using the compounds of Formula I in combination with a H1 receptor antagonist.

Description

    REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/240,901 filed Oct. 17, 2000.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • WO 95/14007 published May 26, 1995 discloses H3 receptor antagonists of the imidazole type.
  • WO99/24405 published May 20, 1999 discloses H3 receptor ligands of the imidazole type.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,479 issued Feb. 9, 1999 discloses compositions for the treatment of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis using a combination of at least one histamine H1 receptor antagonist and at least one histamine H3 receptor antagonist.
  • In view of the art's interest in compounds which affect H3 receptors, novel compounds that are antagonists of H3 receptors would be a welcome contribution to the art. This invention provides just such a contribution.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention provides novel compounds of structure I.
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00002
  • or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein
  • (1) R1 is selected from:
      • (a) aryl;
      • (b) heteroaryl;
      • (c) heterocycloalkyl
      • (d) alkyl,
      • (e) cycloalkyl; or
      • (f) alkylaryl;
        wherein said R1 groups are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from:
      • (1) halogen (e.g., Br, F, or Cl, preferably F or Cl);
      • (2) hydroxyl (i.e., —OH);
      • (3) lower alkoxy (e.g., C1 to C6 alkoxy, preferably C1 to C4 alkoxy, most preferably C1 to C2 alkoxy, more preferably methoxy);
      • (4) —CF3;
      • (5) CF3O—;
      • (6) —NR4R5;
      • (7) phenyl;
      • (8) —NO2,
      • (9) —CO2R4;
      • (10) —CON(R4)2 wherein each R4 is the same or different;
      • (11) —S(O)mN(R20)2 wherein each R20 is the same or different H or alkyl group, preferably C1 to C4 alkyl, most preferably C1-C2 alkyl, and more preferably methyl;
      • (12) —CN; or
      • (13) alkyl; or
  • (2) R1 and X taken together form a group selected from:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00003
  • (3) X is selected from: ═C(O), ═C(NOR3), —C(NNR4R5),
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00004
  • (4) M1 is carbon;
  • (5) M2 is selected from C or N;
  • (6) M3 and M4 are independently selected from C or N;
  • (7) Y is selected from: is —CH2—, ═C(O), ═C(NOR20) (wherein R20 is as defined above), or ═C(S);
  • (8) Z is a C1-C6 alkyl group;
  • (9) R2 is a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring, said six-membered heteroaryl ring comprising 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms with the remaining ring atoms being carbon, and said five-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from: nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur with the remaining ring atoms being carbon; said five or six membered heteroaryl rings being optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from: halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, —CF3, CF3O—, —NR4R5, phenyl, —NO2, —CO2R4, —CON(R4)2 wherein each R4 is the same or different, —CH2NR4R5, —(N)C(NR4R5)2, or —CN;
  • (10) R3 is selected from:
      • (a) hydrogen;
      • (b) C1-C6 alkyl;
      • (c) aryl;
      • (d) heteroaryl;
      • (e) heterocycloalkyl;
      • (f) arylalkyl (e.g., aryl(C1 to C4)alkyl, e.g., —(CH2)waryl wherein w is 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1, such as, for example —CH2phenyl or —CH2substituted phenyl);
      • (g) —(CH2)e—C(O)N(R4)2 wherein each R4 is the same or different,
      • (h) —(CH2)e—C(O)OR4;
      • (i) —(CH2)e—C(O)R30 wherein R30 is a heterocycloalkyl group, such as, for example, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or pyrrolidinyl, including
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00005
      • (j) —CF3; or
      • (k) —CH2CF3;
        wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the aryl portion of said arylalkyl are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 (preferably 1) substituents selected from: halogen (e.g., F or Cl), —OH, —OCF3, —CF3, —CN, —N(R45)2, —CO2R45, or —C(O)N(R45)2, wherein each R45 is independently selected from: H, alkyl, alkylaryl, or alkylaryl wherein said aryl moiety is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —CF3, —OH, halogen, alkyl, —NO2, or —CN;
  • (11) R4 is selected from: hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, said aryl and alkylaryl groups being optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from: halogen, —CF3, —OCF3, —OH, —N(R45)2, —CO2R45, —C(O)N(R45)2, or —CN; wherein R45 is as defined above;
  • (12) R5 is selected from: hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, —C(O)R4, —C(O)2R4, or —C(O)N(R4)2 wherein each R4 is independently selected, and R4 is as defined above;
  • (13) or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound forms a five or six membered heterocycloalkyl ring (e.g., morpholine);
  • (14) R6 is selected from: alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, —CF3, CF3O—, —NR4R5, phenyl, —NO2, —CO2R4, —CON(R4)2 wherein each R4 is the same or different, or —CN;
  • (15) R12 is selected from: alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, or fluoro;
  • (16) R13 is selected from: alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, or fluoro;
  • (17) a (subscript for R12) is 0 to 2;
  • (18) b (subscript for R13) is 0 to 2;
  • (19) c (subscript for R6) is 0 to 2;
  • (20) e is 0 to 5;
  • (21) m is 0 or 2;
  • (22) n is 1, 2 or 3; and
  • (23) p is 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that when M3 and M4 are both nitrogen, then p is 2 or 3 (i.e., p is not 1 when M3 and M2 are both nitrogen).
  • This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of compound of Formula I, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses, congestion (e.g., nasal congestion), hypotension, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders (e.g., hypersomnia, somnolence, and narcolepsy), disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD), hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system (for example, agitation and depression), and other CNS disorders (such as Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and migraine) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: congestion (e.g., nasal congestion) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • This invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, and an effective amount of a H1 receptor antagonist in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses, and congestion (e.g., nasal congestion) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating: congestion (e.g., nasal congestion) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings, unless indicated otherwise:
  • alkyl—(including the alkyl portions of alkoxy and alkylaryl)—represents straight and branched carbon chains and contains from one to twenty carbon atoms, preferably one to six carbon atoms;
  • alkylaryl—represents an alkyl group, as defined above, bound to an aryl group, as defined below, wherein said aryl group is bound to the rest of the molecule;
  • aryl (including the aryl portion of alkylaryl)—represents a carbocyclic group containing from 6 to 15 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring (e.g., aryl is a phenyl ring), with all available substitutable carbon atoms of the carbocyclic group being intended as possible points of attachment;
  • arylalkyl—represents an aryl group, as defined above, bound to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein said alkyl group is bound to the rest of the molecule;
  • cycloalkyl—represents saturated carbocyclic rings of from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms;
  • halo (halogen)—represents fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo;
  • heteroaryl—represents cyclic groups, having at least one heteroatom selected from O, S or N, said heteroatom interrupting a carbocyclic ring structure and having a sufficient number of delocalized pi electrons to provide aromatic character, with the aromatic heterocyclic groups preferably containing from 2 to 14 carbon atoms; examples include but are not limited to isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, furanyl (furyl), pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyranyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl (e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl), pyridyl N-oxide (e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl N-oxide), triaziny, pteridinyl, indolyl (benzopyrrolyl), pyridopyrazinyl, isoqinolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxotinyl, naphthyridinyl, wherein said pyridyl N-oxide can be represented as:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00006
  • heterocycloalkyl—represents a saturated, carbocylic ring containing from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, which carbocyclic ring is interrupted by 1 to 3 hetero groups selected from —O—, —S— or —NR40— wherein R40 represents C1 to C6 alkyl, arylalkyl, —C(O)R4, —C(O)OR4, or —C(O)N(R45)2 (wherein R45 is as defined above, and each R45 is independently selected); examples include but are not limited to 2- or 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2- or 3-tetrahydrothienyl, 2-, 3- or 4-piperidinyl, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2- or 3-piperizinyl, 2- or 4-dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, pentamethylene sulfide, perhydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, trimethylene oxide, azetidinyl, 1-azacycloheptanyl, 1,3-dithianyl, 1,3,5-trioxanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,4-thioxanyl, and 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl;
  • lower alkyl—represents an alkyl group, as defined above, that comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1-4 carbon atoms;
  • lower alkoxy—represents an alkoxy group whose alkyl moiety comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1-4 carbon atoms;
  • ═C(O)—represents
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00007
  • ═C(NOR3)—represents
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00008
  • wherein (1) represents a mixture of oxime isomers; (2) represents one geometric isomer of the oxime wherein the —OR3 group is on the same side of the double bond as the group to the left of the carbon atom; (3) represents one geometric isomer of the oxime wherein the —OR3 group is on the same side of the double bond as the group to the right of the carbon atom; and (1) can also be represented as:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00009
  • ═C(NNR4R5) represents
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00010
  • and represents a mixture of the isomers
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00011
  • —(N)C(NR4R5)2 represents
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00012
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00013
  • in the structure
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00014
  • represents a nitrogen atom that is located at one of the 4 non-fused positions of the ring, i.e. positions 1, 2, 3 or 4 indicated below.
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00015
      • AcOH—represents acetic acid;
      • t-BOC—represents t-butyloxycarbonyl;
      • Ci/mmol—represents curie/mmol (a measure of specific activity);
      • m-CPBA—represents m-chloroperbenzoic acid;
      • CSA—represents camphorsulfonic acid;
      • CBZ—represents carbonylbenzyloxy (—C(O)OCH2C6H5);
      • DBU—represents 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene;
      • DBN—represents 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene;
      • DCC—represents dicyclohexylcarbodiimide;
      • Dibal-H—represents diisobutylaluminum hydride;
      • DIPEA—represents N,N-diisopropylethylamine;
      • DMAP—represents 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine;
      • DEC—represents 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride;
      • DMF—represents dimethylformamide;
      • EDCl—represents 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide;
      • EtOAc—represents ethyl acetate;
      • EtOH—represents ethanol;
      • FMOC—represents 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl;
      • HOBT—represents 1-hydroxybenzotriazole;
      • HPLC—represents high performance liquid chromatography;
      • HRMS—represents high resolution mass spectrometry;
      • Ki—represents inhibition constant for substrate/receptor complex;
      • LAH—lithium aluminum hydride;
      • LDA—represents lithium diisopropylamide;
      • LRMS—represents low resolution mass spectrometry;
      • MeOH—represents methanol;
      • NaBH(OAc)3—represents sodium triacetoxyborohydride;
      • NaBH4—represents sodium borohydride;
      • NaBH3CN—represents sodium cyanoborohydride;
      • NaHMDS—represents sodium hexamethyl disilylazide;
      • nM—represents nanomolar;
      • pA2—represents —logEC50, as defined by J. Hey, Eur. J. Pharmacol., (1995), Vol. 294, 329-335;
      • PCC—represents pyridinium chlorochromate;
      • PyBOP—represents benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-trispyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate;
      • TEMPO—represents 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy, free radical;
      • TFA—represents trifluoroacetic acid;
      • TMAD—represents N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylazodicarboxamide;
      • TMEDA—represents tetramethylethylenediamine;
      • Tr—represents triphenylmethyl,
      • Tris—represents tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethanetane; and
      • p-TsOH—represents p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • Also, as used herein, “upper airway” usually means the upper respiratory system—i.e., the nose, throat, and associated structures.
  • Also, as used herein, “effective amount” generally means a therapeutically effective amount.
  • Lines drawn into the rings indicate that the indicated bond may be attached to any of the substitutable ring carbon atoms.
  • Certain compounds of the invention may exist in different isomeric (e.g., enantiomers, diastereoisomers and geometric) forms. The invention contemplates all such isomers both in pure form and in admixture, including racemic mixtures. Enol forms are also included.
  • The compounds of this invention are ligands for the histamine H3 receptor. The compounds of this invention can also be described as antagonists of the H3 receptor, or as H3 antagonists.
  • The compounds of the invention are basic and form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with organic and inorganic acids. Examples of suitable acids for such salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic, maleic, methanesulfonic and other mineral and carboxylic acids well known to those skilled in the art. The salts are prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt in the conventional manner. The free base forms may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, ammonia and sodium bicarbonate. The free base forms differ from their corresponding salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but the salts are otherwise equivalent to their corresponding free base forms for purposes of this invention.
  • The compounds of Formula I can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms, e.g., hemi-hydrate. In general, the solvated forms, with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like are equivalent to the unsolvated forms for purposes of the invention.
  • The compounds of this invention can be combined with an H1 receptor antagonist (i.e., the compounds of this invention can be combined with an H1 receptor antagonist in a pharmaceutical composition, or the compounds of this invention can be administered with H1 receptor antagonist).
  • Numerous chemical substances are known to have histamine H1 receptor antagonist activity. Many useful compounds can be classified as ethanotamines, ethylenedia mines, alkylamines, phenothiazines or piperidines. Representative H1 receptor antagonists include, without limitation: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine (also known as SCH-34117), diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine and triprolidine. Other compounds can readily be evaluated to determine activity at H1 receptors by known methods, including specific blockade of the contractile response to histamine of isolated guinea pig ileum. See for example, WO98/06394 published Feb. 19, 1998.
  • Thus, in the methods of this invention wherein a compound of Formula I is combined with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist, said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
  • Also, in the methods of this invention wherein a compound of Formula I is combined with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist, said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, carebastine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, ebastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, levocabastine, mizolastine, norastemizole, or terfenadine.
  • Also, in the methods of this invention wherein a compound of Formula I is combined with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist, said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: azatadine, brompheniramine, cetirizne, chlorpheniramine, carebastine, descarboethoxyloratadine (also known as SCH-34117), diphenhydramine, ebastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, or norastemizole.
  • Also, in the methods of this invention wherein a compound of Formula I is combined with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist, said H1 receptor antagonist is loratadine.
  • Also, in the methods of this invention wherein a compound of Formula I is combined with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist, said H1 receptor antagonist is descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Also, in the methods of this invention wherein a compound of Formula I is combined with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist, said H1 receptor antagonist is fexofenadine.
  • Also, in the methods of this invention wherein a compound of Formula I is combined with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist, said H1 receptor antagonist is cetirizine.
  • Preferably, in the above methods, allergy-induced airway responses are treated.
  • Also, preferably, in the above methods, allergy is treated.
  • Also, preferably, in the above methods, nasal congestion is treated.
  • Preferably, in the above methods using a combination of a compound of Formula I (H3 antagonist) and an H1 antagonist, the H1 antagonist is selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine. Most preferably the H1 antagonist is loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • In the methods of this invention wherein a combination of an H3 antagonist of this invention (compound of Formula I) is administered with a H1 antagonist, the antagonists can be administered simultaneously, consecutively (one after the other within a relatively short period of time), or sequentially (first one and then the other over a period of time). In general, when the antagonists are administered consecutively or sequentially, the H3 antagonist of this invention (compound of Formula I) is administered first.
  • Thus, one embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 32 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 54 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 55 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 253A and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 287 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 320 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastro-intestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastro-intestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, hypotension, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy-induced airway responses comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating allergy or nasal congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 32, and an effective amount of H1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 54, and an effective amount of H1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier. Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 55, and an effective amount of H1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 253A, and an effective amount of H1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 287, and an effective amount of H1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier. Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of Compound 320, and an effective amount of H1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a Compound 55 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrvastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 32 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 54 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 55 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 253A in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 287 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from, loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of Compound 320 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
  • R1 is preferably selected from:
      • (A) aryl (most preferably phenyl);
      • (B) substituted aryl (e.g., substituted phenyl), wherein the substituents on said substituted aryl are most preferably selected from: (1) halo (e.g., monohalo or dihalo), more preferably chloro or fluoro, even more preferably monochloro, dichloro, monofluoro or difluoro; or (2) alkyl, more preferably unbranched (i.e., straight chain, e.g., methyl) alkyl, even more preferably substituted alkyl, still more preferably alkyl substituted with halo (e.g., 1, 2 or 3 halo atoms, such as Cl or F), even still more preferably alkyl substituted with fluoro atoms, yet still more preferably trifluoromethyl;
      • (C) heteroaryl, most preferably a five or six membered heteroaryl ring, more preferably a six membered heteroaryl ring, and still more preferably pyridyl, examples of heteroaryl rings include pyridyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl or pyridyl N-Oxide, most preferred heteroaryl rings are exemplified by
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00016
  • is preferred more;
      • (D) substituted heteroaryl, most preferably halo or alkyl substituted heteroaryl (e.g., halopyridyl (e.g., fluoropyridyl) and alkylthiazolyl), more preferably substituted heteroaryl wherein the substituents are independently selected from the same or different alkyl groups (even more preferably one straight chain alkyl group, e.g., methyl), still more preferably alkyl substituted thiazolyl, and even more preferably
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00017
  • yet even more preferably
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00018
      • (E) when R1 is taken together with X, then the moiety is
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00019
  • wherein c is most preferably 0 or 1, and when c is 1 then R6 is most preferably halo, and when c is 1 then R6 is more preferably fluoro.
  • X is preferably ═C(NOR3) wherein R3 is preferably selected from H, alkyl or halo substituted alkyl (e.g., fluoro substituted alkyl, such as —CH2CF3), most preferably alkyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl, and still more preferably methyl.
  • Preferably M2 is nitrogen.
  • n is preferably 2.
  • a is preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0.
  • b is preferably 0 or 1 and most preferably 0.
  • c is preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0, and when c is 1 then R6 is preferably halo, and when c is 1 R6 is most preferably fluoro.
  • e is preferably 1-5.
  • Y is preferably ═C(O) (i.e., ═C═O).
  • M3 and M4 are preferably selected such that: (1) one is carbon and the other is nitrogen, or (2) both are nitrogen, with M3 most preferably being carbon.
  • p is preferably 2.
  • Z is preferably C1 to C3 alkyl, and most preferably
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00020
  • R2 is preferably a six membered heteroaryl ring, most preferably pyridyl, substituted pyridyl, pyrimidinyl or substituted pyrimidinyl, more preferably pyridyl, pyridyl substituted with —NR4R5, pyrimidinyl or pyrimidinyl substituted with —NR5, still more preferably pyridyl, pyridyl substituted with —NH2 (i.e., R4 and R5 are H), pyrimidinyl or pyrimidinyl substituted with —NH2 (i.e., R4 and R5 are H), and even more preferably
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00021
  • and still even more preferably
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00022
  • R3 is preferably H or alkyl, most preferably H or methyl.
  • R4 is preferably H or lower alkyl, most preferably H or methyl, and more preferably H.
  • R5 is preferably H, C1 to C6alkyl or —C(O)R4, most preferably H or methyl, and more preferably H.
  • R12 is preferably alkyl, hydroxyl or fluoro, and most preferably H.
  • R13 is preferably alkyl, hydroxyl or fluoro, and most preferably H.
  • Representative compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to: Compounds 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 41, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 59, 65, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 88, 92, 99, 104, 105, 110, 111, 117, 121, 123, 127, 128, 200-241, 244-273, 275, and 278-282, 287, 296, 301-439 and 446.
  • Thus, representative compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to: Compounds 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 59, 75, 76, 83, 88, 92, 99, 104, 110, 117, 128, 200, 201, 203-215, 217-241, 244-246, 246A, 247-253, 253A, 254-273, 275, 278, and 280-282, 317, 334 and 403.
  • Preferred compounds of this invention are selected from: Compound 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 59, 92, 212, 215, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 233, 235, 237, 238, 246, 246A, 247, 248, 251, 253, 253A, 268-273, 275, 278-281, 287, 296, 301, 304-307, 309, 312, 314-318, 320-356, or 358-376.
  • Most preferred compounds of this invention are selected from: Compound 30, 31, 32, 33, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 225, 237, 246A, 253A, 273, 280, 287, 296, 301, 304-307, 309, 312, 314-318, 320-348, 350-356, 359-372, and 374-376.
  • Thus, one embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 32.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 54.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 55.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 253A.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 287.
  • Another embodiment of this invention is directed to Compound 320.
  • Structures for the above compounds are found in the Examples below, and in Tables 1 to 3 below.
  • The more preferred compound of this invention is the compound of the formula:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00023
  • This invention also provides a compound of the formula:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00024
  • This invention also provides a compound of the formula,
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00025
  • Compounds 32A and 32B can also be used in the pharmaceutical compositions, and the methods of this invention.
  • The following processes may be employed to produce compounds of the invention.
  • One synthetic route involves a linear sequence of reactions to obtain the desired compounds, i.e.,

  • A+B→AB+C→ABC+D→ABCD
  • This linear sequence of reactions to synthesize compounds of this invention is illustrated below. In the illustrated procedure R1 is aryl, heteroaryl, or alkyl; X=a ketone, oxime or substituted oxime; M1=M3=carbon; M2=M4=nitrogen; Y is C═O; Z═CHR; R2 is heteroaryl; and n and m=2 (n and m being 1 can also be prepared by this procedure).
    • Step: 1 Synthesis of Ketone 8
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00026
  • In the above equations PG represents a protecting group, and M represents Li or MgX1 (wherein X1 represents Cl, Br or I).
  • In equation 1 and 2, a Grignard reagent 2 is reacted with an electrophile such as the aldehyde 1 or the nitrile 4 in a suitable aprotic solvent such as THF or ether. PG represents a protecting group. Suitable protecting groups include, for example, methyl and benzyl. In the case of nitrite 4, acidic workup yields the ketone 8 directly. Alcohol 3 can be oxidized by a number of different reagents to give 8. Alternatively, the amide 7 can be reacted with an organometallic reagent to directly give the ketone 8. Suitable protecting groups for this step include carbamates or amides or the like. Thus, examples of protecting groups in equation 3 include t-BOC, CBZ and FMOC.
    • Step 2: Deprotection of 8
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00027
  • When the protecting group, PG, is a methyl group, said methyl group can be removed using a reagent such as a chloroformate; when PG is a carbamate, such as, a t-Boc group, it can be removed by dilute acid, such as, for example HCl.
    • Step 3: Synthesis of 11
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00028
  • Amine 9 can be coupled to acid 10 using a number of methods well known in the art such as DCC or PyBOP. Alternatively, the acid 10 can be activated by conversion to the acid chloride or mixed anhydride and then reacted with the amine 9 to give 11. Suitable protecting groups for 10 include, for example, t-Boc.
    • Step 4: Synthesis of Amine 12
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00029
  • Compound 11 in which the protecting group is a t-Boc can be deprotected under acidic conditions such as HCl in dioxane or TFA in CH2Cl2 to give the amine 12.
    • Step 5: Synthesis of Compound 14
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00030
  • R30 in 13 represents an alkyl group. E is a leaving group, halogen, or E is a carbonyl group.
  • Compound 14 can be prepared by reacting amine 12 with 13. When E represents a carbonyl group (C═O), 12 and 13 are combined in a solvent such as CH2Cl2 in the presence of molecular sieves. After the reaction is complete (e.g., 1 to 10 h), a reducing agent such as NaBH(OAc)3 is added. Alternatively, when E is a halogen atom such as Cl or Br, 12 and 13 are combined in a solvent, such as OMF, in the presence of a tertiary amine base to give the product 14. Suitable protecting groups include, for example t-Boc, phthaloyl.
    • Step 6: Synthesis of Compound 16
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00031
  • Compound 14 can be converted to the oxime 15 by combining 14 with H2NOR3.HCl in pyridine at a temperature of 40-60° C. Alternatively, 14 can be combined with H2NOR3. HCl in an alcoholic solvent in the presence of a base, such as, NaOAc, to give 15.
  • An alternate approach to the synthesis of compounds of Formula I involves the synthesis of the two halves of the molecule followed by coupling of the two pieces, i.e.,

  • A+B→AB

  • C+D→CD

  • AB+CD→ABCD
  • In this case, the synthesis of the AB fragment is the same as that described above. The synthesis of the CD fragment is given below.
    • Step 1: Synthesis of Compound 17
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00032
  • R30 is as defined above (i.e., alkyl). R35 is methyl or ethyl.
  • Compound 17 is synthesized in the same manner as that described for the synthesis of compound 14.
    • Step 2: Synthesis of Compound 18
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00033
  • M represents Li, Na, or K.
  • Compound 17 is saponified in a mixed solvent, such as, for example: (1) EtOH or MeOH and water, or (2) THF, water, and MeOH, using an alkali metal base such as LiOH or NaOH at a temperature of from 50 to 100° C. to give the salt 18.
  • Compound 18 can be combined with compound 9, as described above, to give 14. The remaining steps are the same.
  • Compounds useful in this invention are exemplified by the following examples which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Alternative mechanistic pathways and analogous structures within the scope of the invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art.
    • EXAMPLE 1 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00034
  • To a solution of 10.81 g (100 mmol) of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine in 250 ml of tert-butanol was added 26.19 g (120 mmol) of BOC anhydride. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated, loaded on silica gel and flash chromatographed (from 30% hexanes/CH2Cl2 to 0-2% acetone/CH2Cl2) to produce 15.25 g (73.32 mmol; 73%) of 1A as a white solid.
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00035
  • To a −78° C. solution of 1A (35.96 g, 173 mmol) in THF (1.4 L) was added 1.4 M BuLi solution (272 ml, 381 mmol) in hexanes in portions over 30 min. Reaction mixture was then allowed to warm up and was stirred for 2 h at room temperature, which resulted in the formation of an orange precipiate. The mixture was cooled back to −78° C., and predried oxygen (passed through a Drierite column) was bubbled through the suspension for 6 h while the temperature was maintained at −78° C. Reaction mixture color changed to yellow during this time. It was then quenched at −78° C. with 51.4 ml (700 mmol) of Me2S followed by 22 ml (384 mmol) of AcOH. Reaction mixture was allowed to warm up and was stirred for 48 h at room temperature. Dilution with water and extraction with EtOAc were followed by concentration and flash chromatography (0-15% acetone/CH2Cl2) to provide 20.15 g (90 mmol; 52%) of alcohol 2A as a pale yellow solid.
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00036
  • To a solution of 19.15 g (85.5 mmol) of alcohol 2A in 640 ml of CH2Cl2 was added saturated aqueous solution of 8.62 g (103 mmol) of NaHCO3 and 444 mg (4.3 mmol) of NaBr. Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., and 140 mg (0.90 mmol) of TEMPO was introduced. Upon vigorous stirring 122 ml of 0.7 M (85.4 mmol) commercial bleach solution (5.25% in NaOCl) was added in portions over 40 min. After additional 20 min at 0° C. reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous Na2S2O and allowed to warm to room temperature. Dilution with water and extraction with CH2Cl2 were followed by concentration and flash chromatography (from 30% hexanes/CH2Cl2 to 0-2% acetone/CH2Cl2) to afford 15.97 g (71.9 mmol; 84%) of aldehyde 3A as an off-white solid.
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00037
  • To a solution of 11.87 g (53.5 mmol) of aldehyde 3A in 370 ml of CH2Cl2 was added 9.07 ml (58.8 mmol) of ethyl isonipecotate followed by four drops of AcOH. Reaction mixture was then stirred for 40 min at room temperature after which 22.68 g (107 mmol) of NaBH(OAc)3 was introduced. Reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, neutralized with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2. Concentration and flash chromatography (0-4% sat. NH3 in MeOH/CH2Cl2) provided 19.09 mg (52.6 mmol; 98%) of 4A as an off-white solid.
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00038
  • To a solution of 1.57 g (4.33 mmol) of ester 4A in 10 ml of a 3:1:1 mixture of THF-water-methanol was added 0.125 g (5.21 mmol) of LiOH. Reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, concentrated and exposed to high vacuum to obtain 1.59 g of crude acid 5A as a yellowish solid which was used without purification.
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00039
  • A solution of compound 6A (42 mmol), NBS (126 mmol) and Bz2O2 (4.2 mmol) in CCl4 (400 ml) was refluxed at 80° C. for 5 h, cooled and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was filtered and concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash column (30% EtOAc/Hexane) to obtain the desired compound 7A (3.1 g, 23%).
    • EXAMPLE 3 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00040
  • To a solution of 8A (10 g, 79.4 mmol) and DMAP (0.029 g, 0.24 mmol) in methylene chloride (150 mL) at 0° C. was added phthaloyl dichloride (16.1 g, 79.4 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After stirring overnight, the reaction was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, water, dried and concentrated to give compound 9A as a yellow solid (20 g, 99.8%) which was used without further purification.
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00041
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 27 compound 9A (20 g, 79.3 mmol) was convened to compound 10A.
  • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00042
  • Compound 10A (0.5 g, 1.5 mmol) and hydrazine (0.5 M in ethanol, 5 mL, 2.5 mmol) were combined and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was dried, concentrated and the residue purified on a flash column (3% methanol in ethyl acetate) to give compound 11A (0.2 g, 66%).
    • EXAMPLE 4 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00043
  • Compounds 12A (2 g, 18.3 mmol) and 13A (3.5 g, 22 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. NaB(OAc)3H (5.4 g, 25.6 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 5 h. The reaction was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, dried and concentrated, and the residue purified by flash column (2% methanol in ethyl acetate). Compound 14A was obtained (4.5 g, 99%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00044
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, Step 5, compound 14A (0.35 g, 1.4 mmol) was converted to compound 15A (0.31 g, 100%).
    • EXAMPLE 5 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00045
  • To the solution of 2,4-diflorobenzylaldehyde (16A, 28.1 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added the Grignard reagent 17A (1.33M in THF, 30 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (150 ml), extracted three times with EtOAc (100 ml), dried, filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (20% MeOH/EtOAc) yielded the desired compound 18A (1.8 g, 27%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00046
  • Compound 18A (1.6 g, 6.7 mmol), H2NHOH.HCl (0.95 g, 6.7 mmol) and pyridine (10 mL) were combined and heated to 60° C. overnight. The pyridine was removed under vacuum and the residue treated with methylene chloride and saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, dried, and concentrated, and the residue purified by flash chromatography to give compound 19A (1.4 g, 82%).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00047
  • To the suspension of NaH (0.41 g, 10.2 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was slowly added a solution of 19A (1.3 g, 5.11 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) dropwise and the reaction stirred at 70˜75° C. overnight. The mixture was extracted twice with EtOAc and three times with H2O (30 mL), dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to give crude 20A which was used without further purification (1.04 g, 87%).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00048
  • To the solution of compound 20A (4.3 mmol) in dichloroethane (20 ml) at 0° C. was added 2-chloroethyl chloroformate (6.2 mmol) and triethylamine (7.2 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated, Et2O was added to the residue, and the unreacted starting material was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue redissolved in MeOH and refluxed for 30 min. Removal of the methanol gave the product 21 (0.3 g) which was used without further purification.
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00049
  • To a mixture of compound 21 (1.64 mmol), compound 5A (1.64 mmol) and PyBOP (1.64 mmol) was added DIPEA (4.92 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (10 ml), and the reaction was stirred over the weekend at room temperature. Saturated NaHCO3 (100 ml) was added and the reaction was extracted and twice with CH2Cl2 (100 mL), dried over solid MgSO4, concentrated and flash chromatographed (70% EtOAc/Hexane) to give compound 22 (1.04 mmol, 64%).
    • Step 6
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00050
  • Compound 22 (0.2 g, 0.37 mmol) was dissolved in CF3CO2H (3 mL) and methylene chloride (3 mL) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation, saturated aqueous NaHCO3 was added and mixture extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated, and the residue purified by flash chromatography to give compound 23 (0.11 g 68%).
    • EXAMPLE 6 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00051
  • A solution of 24 (50 g, 387 mmol) and triethylamine (110 mL) in dioxane (400 mL) and water (400 mL) at 4° C. was treated with Boc2O (93 g, 426 mmol). The cooling bath was removed and the solution allowed to warm to room temperature, After 21 h, the volume was reduced by two-thirds under vacuum. The residue was poured into ethyl acetate (250 mL) and water (250 mL). Saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (250 mL) was added and the organic phase was separated and discarded. The aqueous phase was acidified with 10% HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with water, brine, and dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated to give 25 as a white powder (82 g, 94%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00052
  • To a solution of compound 25 (40 g, 175 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) at 4° C. was added N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine, hydrochloride (34 g), EDCl (44 g, 0.228 mol), HOBT (2.4 g), and DIPEA (120 mL). The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was then concentrated to half volume in vacuo and poured onto 1:1 ethyl acetate:water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with additional ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl, saturated aqueous NaHCO3, water, and brine, and dried. Concentration gave 26 as a light yellow oil (46.7 g, 99%)
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00053
  • To a solution of 2-bromopyridine (17.6 mL, 0.184 mol) in THF (600 mL) at −78° C. was added n-BuLi (115 mL of a 1.6M solution in hexanes, 0.184 mol) dropwise over 15 min. After stirring for an additional 30 min at this temperature, a solution of 26 (25 g, 91.9 mmol) in THF (500 mL) was added dropwise over 15 min. The reaction was removed from the cold bath and placed in an oil bath and heated to 60° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction was then cooled to 4° C., diluted with ether (500 mL), and treated with saturated aqueous Na2SO4 (≈5 mL). The mixture was transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask and diluted with additional ether (700 mL). Additional saturated aqueous Na2SO4 was added followed by solid Na2SO4. The mixture was filtered through a plug of solid Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Flash column chromatography (0-20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) yielded compound 27 as a yellow oil (16.85 g, 63%).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00054
  • A solution of 27 (3.3 g, 11.4 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was treated with 4M HCl in dioxane (50 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. Removal of the solvent in vacuo gave 28 as a tan powder (3 g, 100%).
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00055
  • To a suspension of compound 5A (17.4 g, 50 mmol), compound 28 (11 g, 42 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (34.6 mL, 199 mmol) in DMF (125 mL) was added HOBT (7.83 g, 58 mmol), EDC (18.54 g, 96.7 mmol), and 4 Å molecular sieves. The mixture was stirred for 40 h at room temperature, diluted with methylene chloride (600 mL) and 0.5 N NaOH (400 mL) and filtered. The precipitate was washed thoroughly with additional 0.5N NaOH and methylene chloride. The combined organic phases were concentrated and chromatographed twice on silica gel (1:1 hexane:methylene to chloride to 6% saturated NH3 in methanol in methylene chloride) to produce 29 as a tan solid (22.3 g) which was used as is in the next step.
    • Step 6
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00056
  • A solution of 29 (22.3 g, 44 mmol) in methylene chloride (120 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (60 mL) was stirred for 7 h at room temperature. The reaction was concentrated, exposed to high vacuum for 3 h, dissolved in toluene and concentrated and then exposed again to high vacuum. The so-obtained crude brown oil was used in the next step without further purification.
    • Step 7
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00057
  • Compound 30 (˜17.9 g, 44 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (420 mL), treated with H2NOCH3.HCl (21.78 g, 264 mmol) and heated to 90° C. for 14 h. The reaction was then concentrated and the residue taken up in a mixture of methylene chloride (500 mL) and 2N NaOH (500 mL). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase extracted with additional methylene chloride (300 mL). The organic phases were dried and concentrated, and the residue chromatographed on SiO2 (0-13% NH3/MeOH in CH2Cl2) to produce a yellow solid (9.26 g). The mixed fractions from the column were rechromatographed to give an additional 3.23 g of the desired material. Total yield 12.49 g (65% yield over the last two steps).
    • Step 8
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00058
  • Compound 31 (1 g) in ethanol (15 mL) was separated into the pure isomers using a Chiralcel AD column (20 mm×500 mm) (eluent: 75:25 hexane:isopropanol plus 0.5% N,N-diethylamine; flow rate: 50 mL/min; UV detection at 254 nM) to give compound 32 (0.6 g) and compound 33 (0.4 g). [M+H]+ 437 for 32 and 33.
  • Alternatively, compound 32 can preferably be prepared from compound 5A in a manner similar to that described for compound 287 in Step 3 of Example 28.
    • EXAMPLE 7 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00059
  • To a solution of 34 (2.4 g, 13.5 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added compound 35 (26 mL of a 1.3M solution) and the reaction stirred overnight at room temperature. 2N HCl was then added till the pH<2 and the THF was removed under reduced pressure. The pH was neutralized by the addition of 1N NaOH and the aqueous phase extracted with 5% MeOH in EtOAc. The organic phase was dried, concentrated, and the residue chromatographed (20% MeOH in EtOAc) to give 36 (1.03 g, 28%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00060
  • To a solution of 36 (1.03 g, 3.78 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (30 mL) was added 1-chloroethylchloro formate (0.76 mL, 7.6 mmol) and the reaction stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue washed with ether. Solid residue was removed by filtration and the ether removed by evaporation to give an oil which was dissolved in MeOH (15 mL) and heated to reflux for 2 h. Removal of the solvent gave 37 which was used in the next step without further purification (1.4 g).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00061
  • Compound 37 (0.98 g, 3.78 mmol), N-Boc isonipocotic acid (0.87 g, 3.78 mmol), DEC (1.11 g, 5.7 mmol), (0.68 g, 4.91 mmol) and DIPEA (3 mL) were combined in CH2Cl2 (40 mL) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was then diluted with CH2Cl2 and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The organic layer was dried, concentrated and the residue chromatographed (10% hexane in EtOAc) to give 38 (1.61 g 7.91%).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00062
  • Compound 38 (1.61 g, 3.43 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (15 mL) was treated with 1N HCl in dioxane (5.2 mL) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 39 (1.65 g) which was used without further purification.
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00063
  • Compound 39 (1.65 g, 4.01 mmol), 7 (1.29 g, 4.07 mmol) and Et3N (1.7 mL) were combined in DMF (40 mL) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was dissolved in EtOAc and washed 4 times with water. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the residue purified by chromatography (5% MeOH in EtOAc) to give 40 (0.6 g, 47%).
    • Step 6
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00064
  • A solution of 40 (0.31 g, 0.51 mmol) in pyridine (5 mL) was treated with H2NOMe.HCl (0.092 g, 1.08 mmol) and heated to 60° C. overnight. The reaction was diluted with 10% MeOH in CH2Cl2, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 dried, and concentrated, and the residue purified by chromatography (10-15% MeOH in EtOAc) to give 41 (0.09 g).
    • EXAMPLE 8 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00065
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, Steps 3-4, compound 42 was converted to compound 43.
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00066
  • To a solution of 43 (2.3 g, 6.3 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (60 mL) was added 4 Å molecular sieves and 4-formylpyridine (0.68 mL, 6.9 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 3 h at room temperature, Na(OAc)3BH (2.7 g, 12.7 mmol) was then added and the reaction stirred for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of NH4Cl followed by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The reaction mixture was then extracted with EtOAc, and the combined organic layers were dried and concentrated to give a residue which was chromatographed (20% MeOH in EtOAc). Compound 44 was obtained (2.3 g 87%).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00067
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, Step 6, compound 44 was converted to compound 45.
    • EXAMPLE 9 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00068
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 8, Step 2, compound 46 (1.13 g, 6 mmol) was converted to compound 47 (1.7 g, 100%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00069
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, Step 4, compound 47 (1.7 g, 6.13 mmol) was converted to compound 48 (1.9 g, 100%).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00070
  • A mixture of compound 48 (0.57 g, 2 mmol) and compound 42 (0.52 g, 2 mmol) in CH2Cl (20 mL) was added Et3N (1.95 mL) and the reaction cooled to −40° C. Triphosgene (0.2 g) was added and the reaction stirred at −40° C. for 2 h and room temperature for 48 h. The reaction was then washed with 1N NaOH, brine, and the organic layer dried. Concentration gave a residue that was purified by column chromatography (10% MeOH in EtOAc) to give 49 (0.14 g, 55%).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00071
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, Step 6, compound 49 (0.09 g, 0.21 mmol) was converted to compound 50.
    • EXAMPLE 10
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00072
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, Steps 3-4, compound 28 (2.6 g, 9.9 mmol) was converted to compound 51 (1.1 g).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00073
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, Step 5, compound 51 (1.1 g, 2.94 mmol) was reacted with compound 11 (0.59 g, 2.94 mmol) to give compound 52 (0.53 g).
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00074
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, Step 7, compound 52 (0.53 g, 1.26 mmol) was converted to compound 53 (0.48 g).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00075
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, Step 8, the 4 diastereomers of compound 53 could be obtained using a Chiralcel AD column (75:25 hexane:EtOAc plus 0.5% Et2NH). The two faster eluting compounds (54 and 55) were the E-oxime isomers and the slower eluting compounds (56 and 57A) were the Z-oxime isomers.
  •
    Isomer A 54 0.12 g
    Isomer B 55 0.11 g
    Isomer C 56 0.08 g
    Isomer D 57A 0.06 g
    • EXAMPLE 11 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00076
  • A solution of n-BuLi (4.2 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexane) in THF (25 mL) was treated at −25° C. with (i-Pr)2NH (0.69 g, 6.8 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 1 h at 0° C. and then cooled to −70° C. Compound 4A (0.82 g, 2.26 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise and the reaction stirred at −70° C. for 2 h and −50° C. for 2 h. The to reaction was recooled to −70° C. and (1S)-(+)-(10-camphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine (1.04 g, 4.52 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at −70° C. for 2 h and slowly warmed to room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the residue purified by column chromatography (1:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give 57 (0.44 g, 51%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00077
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, Step 5, compound 57 (0.42 g, 1.1 mmol) was converted to compound 58 (0.4 g).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00078
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, Steps 5-8, compound 58 (0.25 g, 0.7 mmol) was converted to compound 59 (0.1 g).
    • EXAMPLE 12 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00079
  • A solution of compound 60 (10 g, 50.7 mmol) in ether (150 mL) at −78° C. was treated sequentially with TMEDA (11.8 g, 101.4 mmol) and s-BuLi (58.5 mL of a 1.3M solution in hexanes, 76 mmol) and the reaction stirred at this temperature for 6 h. Neat CH3SO4CH3 (12.8 g, 101.4 mmol) was then added and the reaction allowed to slowly warm to room temperature overnight. Saturated aqueous NaCl was added and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with ether and the combined organic layers were dried, concentrated, and the residue chromatographed (5% EtOAc in hexane) to give 61 (8.0 g, 75%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00080
  • A solution of 61 (8 g, 37.9 mmol) in THF (40 mL) at 0° C. was treated dropwise with a solution of BH3. THF (45.4 mL of a 1.0M solution in THF, 45.4 mmol) and the reaction allowed to slowly warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction was recooled to 0° C., EtOH (13 mL), pH=7 buffer (25 mL) and H2O2 (25 mL) was added, and the reaction allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The solvent was then removed in vacuo and the residue poured into water and CH2Cl2. 10% aqueous NaOH (10 mL) was added and the organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional CH2Cl2 and the combined organic layers were dried and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed (40% EtOAc in hexane) to give 62 (3 g).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00081
  • A solution of 62 (2.8 g, 12.2 mmol) in EtOAc (30 mL) and NaBr (1.26 g, 0.12 mmol) in saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (30 mL) was cooled to 0° C. and treated with TEMPO (0.02 g, 0.12 mmol). After 15 min., NaOCl (17.44 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 3 h. Saturated aqueous Na2S2O3 was added and the pH adjusted to 5-6 by the addition of 1N HCl. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc and the organic layers were dried and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed (10-20% EtOAc in hexane) to give compound 63 (2.1 g, 76%).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00082
  • To a cooled (0° C.) suspension of PCC (0.95 g, 44 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 63 (0.5 g, 2.2 mmol). And the mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. Additional PCC (1 eq.) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The reaction was cooled, filtered through celite, and concentrated to give crude 64 (1.5 g) which was used without further purification.
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00083
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 5, Step 5, Example 7, Step 4, Example 1, Step 4, and Example 6, Steps 6 and 7, 64 (0.73 g, 3 mmol) was converted to 65 (0.1 g).
    • EXAMPLE 13 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00084
  • To a 0° C. solution of Vilsmeier salt, prepared by the dropwise addition of phosphorus oxychloride (1500 mL; 1.61 mol) to DMF (310.4 mL; 4.01 mol) over 15 min. and subsequent cooling in an ice bath, was added malonic acid (40.1 g; 0.39 mol) in portions over 45 min. The reaction mixture was then heated to 100° C., and the stirring was continued for 48 h. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to room temperature and was quenched by slowly pouring it into a suspension of NaHCO3 (808 g; 9.62 mol) in water. The solution was decanted off the excess of NaHCO3 and concentrated to dryness under vacuum. After exposure to high vacuum for 2 days, the solid residue was washed repeatedly with CH2Cl2 until TLC indicated complete removal of product. Combined organic extracts were concentrated under vacuum to produce 41.0 g of dark brown oil, which was used directly in the next step.
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00085
  • To a solution of 32.5 g (256 mmol) of crude malondialdehyde 66 in 650 ml of absolute ethanol was added 24.5 g (256 mmol) of guanidine hydrochloride and 17.4 g (256 mmol) of sodium ethoxide. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 4 h, cooled down to room temperature, concentrated and dry loaded on silica gel under vacuum. Flash chromatography (0-10% MeOH/20% acetone/CH2Cl2) afforded 11.0 g (89.4 mmol; 23% from malonic acid (2 steps)) of pyrimidine 67 as a light yellow solid.
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00086
  • To a mixture of 166 mg (1.35 mmol) of aminopyrimidine 67, 17 mg (0.14 mmol) of DMAP and 418 μL (3.00 mmol) of Et3N in 10 mL of THF was added 589 mg (2.7 mmol) of (BOC)2O. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h, concentrated-dry loaded on silica gel and flash chromatographed (1-3% acetone/CH2Cl2) to produce 117 mg (0.36 mmol; 27%) of 68 as a clear oil.
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00087
  • To a solution of 117 mg (0.36 mmol) of aldehyde 68 in 7 mL of CH2Cl2 was added 67 μL (0-43 mmol) of ethyl isonipecotate and 5 μL of acetic acid. 30 min. later 153 mg (0.72 mmol) of NaBH(OAc)3 was introduced. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with aqueous NaHCO3, dried and concentrated, and crude residue was flash chromatographed (0-4% sat. NH3 in MeOH/CH2Cl2) to produce 133 mg (0.29 mmol; 81%) of 69 as a white film.
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00088
  • To a solution of ester 69 in 5 mL of a 3:1:1 mixture of THF-water-methanol was added 11 mg (0.44 mmol) of LiOH. Reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, concentrated to dryness and exposed to high vacuum to obtain 134 mg of crude acid 70 as a yellowish solid which was used without purification.
    • EXAMPLE 14 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00089
  • To a −78° C. solution of 2.36 g (11.4 mmol) of picoline 1A in 70 mL of THF was added 16.3 mL of 1.4 M BuLi solution (22.8 mmol) in hexanes in portions over 10 min. Reaction mixture was then allowed to warm up and was then stirred for 2 h at room temperature, which resulted in the formation of an orange precipiate. The mixture was cooled back to −78° C., and ethylene oxide was bubbled through the solution for 1 min. followed by stirring for 5 min. This two-step sequence was repeated eight times. The mixture was then allowed to warm to −50° C., stirred at that temperature for 40 min., quenched with 1.34 mL (23 mmol) of AcOH and allowed to warm to room temperature. Dilution with water was followed by extraction with EtOAc, concentration of the organic phase, and flash chromatography of the crude residue (10-15% acetone/CH2Cl2) to produce 1.50 g (5.95 mmol; 53%) of 71 as a white solid.
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00090
  • To a −60° C. solution of 628 μL (7.2 mmol) of oxalyl chloride in 20 mL of CH2Cl2 was added dropwise 1.03 mL (14.5 mmol) of DMSO. After stirring the mixture for 15 min. at −55° C., a solution of 1.50 g (5.95 mmol) of alcohol 71 in 20 mL of CH2Cl2 was introduced over the period of 15 min. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred for 30 min. at −55° C., followed by the addition of 4.18 mL (30.0 mmol) of Et3N and stirring for another 15 min. The reaction mixture was then warmed to room temperature and diluted with water. Extraction with CH2Cl2 was followed by concentration of the organic phase and flash chromatography (1-15% acetone/CH2Cl2) to produce 1.00 g (4.00 mmol; 67%) of 72 as an off-white solid.
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00091
  • To a solution of 1.00 g (4.0 mmol) of aldehyde 72 in 25 mL of CH2Cl2 was added 617 μL (4.8 mmol) of ethyl isonipecotate followed by one drop of AcOH. Reaction mixture was then stirred for 40 min at room temperature after which 1.70 g (8.0 mmol) of NaBH(OAc)3 was introduced. Reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, neutralized with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2. Concentration and flash chromatography (0-4% saturated NH3 in MeOH/CH2Cl2) provided 1.41 g (3.6 mmol; 90%) of 73 as a white solid.
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00092
  • To a solution of 534 mg (1.47 mmol) of ester 73 in 4 mL of a 3:1:1 mixture of THF-water-methanol was added 60 mg (2.50 mmol) of LiOH. Reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, concentrated to dryness and exposed to high vacuum to obtain 540 mg of crude acid 74 as a white solid which was used without purification.
    • EXAMPLE 15
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00093
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, steps 5, 6, and 7, 70 was converted to 75.
    • EXAMPLE 16
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00094
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, steps 5, 6, and 7, 74 was converted to 76.
    • EXAMPLE 17 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00095
  • To a solution of 77 (0.73 g, 3.82 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added (COCl)2 (0.41 mL, 4.58 mmol) followed by DMF (0.1 mL) and the reaction was maintained at 40° C. for 3 h. The reaction was then concentrated to give a brown solid which was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (10 mL). N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.56 g, 5.73 mmol) and DIPEA (1.33 mL) were added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried and concentrated, and the residue purified by chromatography to give 78 (3.2 g, 84%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00096
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 5, steps 1 and 4, 78 (0.57 g, 2.41 mmol) was converted to 79 (0.59 g).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00097
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, steps 5, 6 and 7, 79 (0.38 g, 1.49 mmol) was converted to 80 (0.24 g).
    • EXAMPLE 18 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00098
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, step 7, 81 (0.36 g, 0.53 mmol; synthesized in the same manner as compound 30) was converted to 82 (0.34 g, 63%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00099
  • To a solution of 82 (0.115 g, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.03 g, 0.76 mmol). After 5 h at room temperature, CF3CH2OSO2CF3 (0.069 g, 0.3 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and extracted 3 times with water to remove the DMF. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give a residue which was purified by chromatography (10% MeOH/NH3 in EtOAc) to give 83 (0.08 g, 30%).
    • EXAMPLE 19 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00100
  • To a solution of 17 (0.21 mole, 100 ml THF, −10° C.) was added 84 (0.14 mole) over 5 min and the reaction mixture became very viscous. Additional THF (100 ml) was added and the yellow suspension was warmed from −10° C. to 10° C. over about 2.5 hr. The reaction was quenched by the addition of 100 ml saturated NH4Cl and 100 ml H2O. Extracted once with EtOAc (300 ml) and eight times with CH2Cl2 (150 ml). Dried over solid MgSO4 and filtered. Concentrated and flashed over silica gel chromatography (3 to 10% MeOH (NH3)/CH2Cl2) to obtain 85 (11 g, yield: 38%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00101
  • To the mixture of 85 (9.2 g) and MnO2 (42 g) was added 200 ml CH2Cl2, and is the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Additional MnO2 (20 g) was added and the reaction was stirred another 24 hrs. The MnO2 was filtered off and the reaction was concentrated and flashed over silica gel (5% and 10% MeOH (NH3)/CH2Cl2) to give 86 (3.1 g, yield: 33%).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00102
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7 , step 2, 86 (3.1 g) was converted to 87 (2.0 g, yield: 68%).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00103
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, step 3, 4, 5, and 6, 87 was converted to 88.
    • EXAMPLE 20 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00104
  • To the solution of compound 89 in CH2Cl2 (20 ml) at 0° C. was added m-CPBA (0.54 g) and the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 25 min. and then at room temperature stirred for 2 hrs. 40% NH4OH (12 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Separated and extracted the aqueous layer with CH2Cl2 (10 ml). Dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (5% MeOH(NH3)/CH2Cl2) gave 90 (0.67 g, 80%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00105
  • To the solution of 90 (0.65 g) in CH2Cl2 (6 ml) at −10° C. was added TFA (6 ml) and the reaction was stirred for 1 hr from −10° C. to 0° C. Concentrated down and azeotroped twice with toluene (20 ml), and concentrated to dryness to obtain 91 as a gummy oil which was used as is.
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00106
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 7, steps 5 and 6, 91 was converted to 92.
    • EXAMPLE 21 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00107
  • To a solution of 93 (5.17 g, 22.7 mmol) in THF (100 mL) at −50° C. was added s-BuLi (38.4 mL of a 1.3M solution in hexane, 49.9 mmol) dropwise. After 1.5 h at −40° C., the reaction was recooled to −50° C. and 95 (4.84 g, 22.7 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added. After 2.75 h at −50° C., glacial acetic acid was added followed by saturated aqueous NH4Cl. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4) filtered and concentrated to give a residue that was purified by flash column chromatography (1% to 3% MeOH/NH3 in CH2Cl2) to give 95 (6.35 g, 63%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00108
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 12, step 3, 95 (5.34 g, 12.11 mmol) was converted to 96 (4.71 g, 75%).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00109
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, step 4, 96 (3.7 g, 8.43 mmol) was converted to 97 (3.08 g, >100%) which was used as is in the next step.
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00110
  • Compound 97 (0.7 g, 2.25 mmol), H2NOCH3.HCl (0.94 g, 11.23 mmol) and NaOAc (1.47 g, 17.97 mmol) were combined in 1-pentanol (20 mL) and water (2 mL) is and heated to reflux for 2 days. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and 0.5 N NaOH was added. The EtOH was removed in vacuo, additional water (15 mL) was added, and the reaction extracted with 10% EtOH in CH2Cl2 (180 mL total volume). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated to give 98 (0.55 g, 92%).
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00111
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, steps 5, 6, and 7, 98 was converted to 99.
    • EXAMPLE 22 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00112
  • A solution of 2.2 g (9.5 mmol) of 100 in 75 mL of glacial acetic acid was hydrogenated in the presence of 0.5 g of 10% w/w platinum-on-charcoal for 5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered to remove the catalyst and the filtrate was concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure to produce a solid residue which was basified with 0.5N NaOH and extracted with methylene chloride (CH2Cl2). Methylene chloride extracts were dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography eluted with 10-30% of 7N NH3-MeOH in CH2Cl2 to give 0.82 g of 101 (mp 158-163 0 C). LCMS m/z 240 (MH+).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00113
  • A mixture of 0.12 g (0.52 mmol) of 101, 0.2 g (0.52 mmol) of 5A, 0.67 g (0.5 mmol) of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), and 0.11 g (0.57 mmol) of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (DEC) in 7 mL of anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with water and the resulting precipitate was filtered to produce 0.26 g of 102 as a white solid (mp 110-115° C.). LCMS m/z 557 (MH+).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00114
  • To a stirred solution of 0.34 g (2.7 mmol) of oxalyl chloride in 3 mL of anhyrous CH2Cl2 at −70° C. was added 0.44 g (5.7 mmol) of anhyrous methylsulfoxide in 2 mL of CH2Cl2. After being stirred at −70° C. for 10 minutes, the reaction mixture was added 1.2 g (2.15 mmol) of 102 in 10 mL of CH2Cl2. The stirred mixture was kept at −70° C. for 0.5 h, mixed with 1.8 mL (13 mmol) of triethylamine, and then allowed to warm up to ambient temperature by itself. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2. Organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to produce 1.18 g of 103 as a glass. LCMS m/z 555 (MH+).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00115
  • A solution of 0.8 g (1.44 mmol) of 103 and 0.6 g (7.2 mmol) of methoxylamine hydrochloride in 40 mL of ethanol and 40 mL of pyridine was heated under reflux for 18 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate/ether and washed with water. The organic solution was dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to 0.65 g of viscous residue which was dissolved in 8 mL of trifluoroacetic acid and 8 mL of CH2Cl2 and stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The solution was concentrated and the residue was basified with 1N NaHCO3 and extracted with ethyl acetate. Organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to a gummy residue. Purification of this residue by flash chromatography with 5-8% of 7N NH3-MeOH in CH2Cl2 produced 0.151 g of 104 as a gum, LCMS m/z 484 (MH+) and 0.146 g of 105 as a glass, LCMS m/z 556 (mH+).
  • Mixing a solution of 0.056 g of the free base of 104 in ethyl acetate with a solution of 0.04 g of maleic acid in ethyl acetate produced a precipitate which was isolated by filtration to give 0.06 g of a dimaleate salt of 104 (mp 155-160 0C).
    • EXAMPLE 23 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00116
  • 2.4 g (10. mmol) of 106 were reduced in the similar manner as that described in Example 22, step 1 to give 1.5 g of 107 as a semi-solid. LCMS m/z 240 (MH+).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00117
  • 1.5 g (6.31 mmol) of 107 were coupled with 3 in the similar manner as that described in Example 22, step 2 to give 3 g of 108 as a solid (mp 104-106° C.). LCMS m/z 557 (MH+).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00118
  • 1.17 g (2.1 mmol) of 108 were oxidized in the similar manner as that described in Example 22, step 3 to give 0.7 g of 109 as a glass. LCMS m/z 557 (MH+).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00119
  • 0.32 g (0.58 mmol) of 109 were reacted with 0.6 g (7.2 mmol) of methoxylamine hydrochloride in the same manner as that described in Example 22, step 4 to provide 0.065 g of 110 as a gum, LCMS m/z 484 (MH+) and 0.12 g of 111 as a glass, LCMS m/z 556 (MH+).
    • EXAMPLE 24 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00120
  • A mixture of 18 g (74 mmol) of 112, 7.2 g (74 mmol) of N,O-dimethylhyroxylamine hydrochloride, 19.4 g (15 mmol) of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 1.1 g (8 mmol) of HOBt and 14.2 g (74 mmol) of DEC in 80 mL of anhydrous DMF was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. Organic extracts were washed with 1% NaHCO3 and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to give 15.5 g of 113 as an oil. LCMS m/z 287 (MH+).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00121
  • To a stirred solution of 2.9 g (18 mmol) of 2-bromopyridine in 30 mL of anhydrous THF at −78° C. was added 7.5 mL of 2.5M solution of n-BuLi in hexane dropwise for 0.5 h. After being stirred at −78° C. for 1 h, the reaction mixture was added a solution of 5.1 g (17.8 mmol) of 113 in 15 mL of THF. The mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 48 h, mixed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with ether. Organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to produce 5.7 g of 114 as an oil. LCMS m/z 305 (MH+).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00122
  • A solution of 3.15 g (10.4 mmol) of 114 and 3.47 g (41.6 mmol) of methoxylamine hydrochloride in 30 mL of ethanol and 30 mL of pyridine was heated under reflux for 18 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in ether and washed with water. The organic solution was dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to give 2.5 g of 115 as an oil. LCMS m/z 334 (MH+).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00123
  • A solution of 2.4 g (7.2 mmol) of 22 in 20 mL of CH2Cl2 and 20 mL of trifluoroacetic acid was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. The solution was concentrated. The residue was basified with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2. Organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to give 1.41 g of 23 as a glass. LCMS m/z 234 (MH+).
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00124
  • A mixture of 0.466 g (2 mmol) of 116, 0.517 g (2.2 mmol) of 5A, 0.276 g (2 mmol) of HOBt and 0.46 g (2.4 mmol) of DEC in 20 mL of anhydrous DMF was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The mixture was concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure at bath temperature of 25-45° C. and the residue was chromatographed with 4% (7N NH3/CH3OH) in CH2Cl2 to produce 0.48 g of syrup which was dissolved in 15 mL of EtAc-EtOH (3:1 v) and mixed with a solution of 0.26 g of maleic acid in 10 mL of EtAc-EtOH (1:1). The resuting precipitate was filtered to produce 0.35 g of the maleate salt of 117 (mp 160-163 0 C). LCMS m/z 451 (MH+).
    • EXAMPLE 25 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00125
  • To a stirred solution of 4.16 g (20 mmol) of 1A in 80 mL of anhydrous THF at −78° C. was added dropwise 17 mL of 2.5M solution of n-BuLi in hexane for 25 minutes. After being stirred from −78° C. to room temperature for 1 h, the reaction mixture was added a solution of 6 g (22 mmol) of 26 in 100 mL of anhydrous THF and kept at room temperature for 18 h. The mixture was mixed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with EtAc. Organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to produce 6.1 g of 118 (mp 146-149° C.). LCMS m/z 420 (MH+).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00126
  • A solution of 3.71 g (8.8 mmol) of 118 and 3.7 g (44 mmol) of methoxylamine hydrochloride in 40 mL of pyridine and 40 mL of ethanol was heated under reflux for 2 days. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in CH2Cl2 and washed with saturated aqueous NaCl. Organic solution was dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated to give 2.6 g of 119 as a glass. LCMS m/z 421 (MH+).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00127
  • A solution of 0.9 g (2.14 mmol) of 119 in 10 mL of CH2Cl2 and 10 mL of trifluoroacetic acid was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h. The solution was concentrated. The residue was taken up in CH2Cl2, washed with saturated NaHCO3 and brine, dried over anhdrous MgSO4 and concentrated to a solid residue which was triturated with CH3CN and filtered to produce 0.29 g of 120 (mp 200-205° C.). LCMS m/z 321 (MH+).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00128
  • 0.1 g (0.31 mmol) of 120 and 0.83 g (0.35) of 5A were coupled in the same manner as that described in Example 24, step 5 to produce 0.12 g of the maleate salt of 121 (mp 170-173° C.). LCMS m/z 538 (MH+).
    • EXAMPLE 26 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00129
  • In a similar manner to that described in Example 6, step 7, 122 (0.26 g, 0.41 mmol) was converted to 123 (0.08 g, 40%).
    • EXAMPLE 27 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00130
  • To a suspension of LAH (0.83 g, 22 mmol) in ether (20 mL) at 0° C. was added 124 (3.2 g, 17.5 mmol) in THF (15 mL) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1.5 h, and quenched by the addition of water (0.8 mL), 20% aqueous NaOH (0.8 mL), and water (2.4 mL). The mixture was stirred for 15 min and filtered and the filter cake washed with CH2CL2. The filtrate was concentrated to give an oil which was dissolved in ether (30 mL) and washed with brine and dried (MgSO4). Filtration and concentration in vacuo gave 125 (2.5 g) which was used without further purification.
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00131
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00132
  • In a similar manner to that described in Example 22, step 3 and Example 1, steps 4, 5, and 6, 125 was converted to 126.
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00133
  • In a similar manner to that described in Example 6, step 5, 126 was converted to 127.
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00134
  • In a similar manner to that described in Example 6, step 7, 127 was converted to 128.
  • The compounds in Table 1 (first column) are prepared from the compounds in the last column of Table 1 by following essentially the same procedures as in the examples described above. In Table 1 “Cmpd. No.” stands for “Compound Number”.
  • TABLE 1
    Mass
    Spec.
    Cmpd No.1 STRUCTURE [M+H]+ Starting Material
    200
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00135
         		470.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00136
    201
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00137
         		456.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00138
    202
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00139
         		456.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00140
    203
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00141
         		531.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00142
    204
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00143
         		499.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00144
    205
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00145
         		497.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00146
    206
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00147
         		517.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00148
    207
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00149
         		549.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00150
    208
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00151
         		599.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00152
    209
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00153
         		568.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00154
    210
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00155
         		565.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00156
    211
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00157
         		483
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00158
    212
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00159
         		484.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00160
    213
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00161
         		583.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00162
    214
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00163
         		552.1
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00164
    215
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00165
         		471
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00166
    216
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00167
         		512
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00168
    217
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00169
         		512
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00170
    218
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00171
         		504
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00172
    219
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00173
         		454
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00174
    220
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00175
         		470
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00176
    221
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00177
         		456
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00178
    222
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00179
         		456
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00180
    223
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00181
         		495
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00182
    224
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00183
         		470
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00184
    225
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00185
         		470
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00186
    226
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00187
         		504
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00188
    227
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00189
         		484
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00190
    228
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00191
         		472
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00192
    229
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00193
         		486
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00194
    230
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00195
         		572
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00196
    231
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00197
         		505
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00198
    232
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00199
         		452
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00200
    233
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00201
         		518
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00202
    234
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00203
         		450
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00204
    235
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00205
         		442
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00206
    236
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00207
         		423
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00208
    237
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00209
         		423
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00210
    238
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00211
         		436
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00212
    239
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00213
         		451
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00214
    240
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00215
         		423
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00216
    241
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00217
         		423
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00218
    244
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00219
         		435
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00220
    245
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00221
         		519
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00222
    246
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00223
         		451
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00224
    247
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00225
         		421
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00226
    248
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00227
         		438
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00228
    249
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00229
         		452
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00230
    250
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00231
         		487
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00232
    251
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00233
         		543
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00234
    252
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00235
         		501
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00236
    253
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00237
         		457
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00238
    254
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00239
         		471
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00240
    255
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00241
         		465
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00242
    256
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00243
         		465
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00244
    257
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00245
         		422
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00246
    258
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00247
         		406
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00248
    259
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00249
         		455
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00250
    260
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00251
         		484
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00252
    261
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00253
         		443
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00254
    262
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00255
         		440
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00256
    263
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00257
         		441
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00258
    264
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00259
         		427
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00260
    265
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00261
         		427
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00262
    266
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00263
         		518
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00264
    267
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00265
         		490
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00266
    268
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00267
         		455
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00268
    269
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00269
         		439
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00270
    270
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00271
         		407
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00272
    271
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00273
         		421
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00274
    272
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00275
         		407
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00276
    273
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00277
         		455
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00278
    275
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00279
         		425
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00280
    278
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00281
         		425
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00282
    279
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00283
         		439
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00284
    280
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00285
         		470
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00286
    281
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00287
         		469
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00288
    282
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00289
         		504
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00290
  • The isomers 246A and 253A, below, can be separated from 246 and 253, respectively, above, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00291
    • EXAMPLE 28 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00292
  • To a solution of 1.00 g (8.13 mmol) of pyrimidine aldehyde 67 (Step 2 of Example 13) in 40 ml of CH2Cl2 was added 1.36 mL (10.58 mmol) of ethyl isonipecotate and 2 drops of acetic acid. The mixture was stirred for 40 min. at room temperature, after which 2.58 g (12.17 mmol) of NaBH(OAc)3 was added. The reaction mixture was then stirred for 20 h at room temperature, diluted with aqueous NaOH (pH adjusted to 11) and extracted with CH2Cl2. Organic phase was dried and concentrated, and the residue was flash chromatographed (4-8% ca. 3 N NH3 in MeOH/CH2Cl2) to produce 1.55 g (5.87 mmol; 72%) of amine 285 as a yellowish solid.
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00293
  • To a solution of 3.83 g (14.51 mmol) of ester 285 in 60 ml of 3:1:1 mixture of THF-MeOH—H2O was added 1.22 g (29.02 mmol) of LiOH monohydrate. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated, and the residue was dried under high vacuum to produce 3.84 g of crude acid 286 lithium salt as a yellow solid. Material could be used directly or could be purified by passing through a silica gel plug eluting with ca. 3 N NH3 in MeOH.
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00294
  • To a mixture of 3.32 g (14.05 mmol) of acid 286 and 4.07 g (14.05 mmol) of 4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)-2-pyridinylmethyl]piperidine dihydrochloride (see Compound 447 below) in 40 mL of DMF was added 8.94 mL (70.25 mmol) of 4-ethylmorpholine and 14.0 mL (23.52 mmol) of 50 wt. % solution of 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride in ethyl acetate. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4.5 h at 50° C. followed by 14 h at room temperature. Concentration of the mixture was followed by exposure to high vacuum for 24 h to remove remaining DMF. The residue was partitioned between aqueous NaOH and CH2Cl2, organic phase was separated, dried and concentrated, and the residue was flash chromatographed (5-15% ca. 3 N NH3 in MeOH/CH2Cl2) to produce 4.60 g (10.51 mmol; 75%) of amide 287 as a light tan foam. MS 438 (M+1).
    • EXAMPLE 29 Step 1
    • Reference: J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1966, 3, 252.
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00295
  • 3,4 Pyridine-dicarboximide 288 (10.0 g; 67.5 mmoles) was dissolved in 162 g. of 10% aqueous NaOH and the solution was cooled to an internal temperature of 7° C. in an ice-salt bath. Bromine (3.6 ml; 70 mmoles) was added dropwise. After the addition, the solution was heated for 45 minutes at a bath temperature of 80-85° C. The yellow solution was then cooled to an internal temperature of 37° C., then 17 ml of glacial acetic acid were added dropwise to a pH of 5.5. The resulting mixture was saved overnight in a refrigerator. The solid formed was filtered and washed with 5 ml of water and 5 ml of methanol. The reaction yielded 6.35 g. of product 289 melting at 280-285° C. (decomp.).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00296
  • Solid Compound 289 (9.5 gr.; 69 mmoles) was carefully added in three aliquots to a slurry of lithium aluminum hydride (9.5 gr.; 250 mmoles) in 200 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran. The resulting hot mixture was stirred at room temperature for two days. After cooling in an ice bath, the reaction was quenched with very careful sequential dropwise addition of 10 ml of water, followed by 10 ml of 15% aqueous NaOH, then by 30 ml of water. The resulting solid was filtered through a pad of Celite and washed several times with THF. The oil obtained after evaporation of the solvent, solidified on standing. The reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using 5% MeOH(NH3)/EtOAc as eluent yielding 6.21 (72%) of Compound 290. LC-MS: m/z=125 (M+1).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00297
  • Manganese dioxide (29 gr.; 334 mmoles) was added, in one portion, at room temperature, to a suspension of 3-amino-4-hydroxymethylpyridine 290 (5.0 gr.; 40.3 mmoles) in 500 ml of chloroform with good stirring. After two days, the solid is filtered through a pad of Celite and washed with chloroform. Removal of the solvent using reduced pressure yielded 4.2 grams (85%) of Compound 291 as a yellow solid.
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00298
  • A dry dichloromethane (400 ml) solution of ethyl isonipecotate (12.5 gr.; 79.5 mmoles) and 3-amino pyridine 4-carboxyaldehyde 291 (3.33 gr.; 27.3 mmoles) was stirred at room temperature for one hour, then 60 grams of activated 3 Å molecular sieves were added. The mixture was stirred for an additional 90 minutes, then 20 grams (96.4 mmoles) of sodium triacetoxy borohydride was added at room temperature in one portion. After stirring for three days, the solid was filtered through a pad of Celite and washed with dichloromethane. The solution was stirred for 15 minutes with 100 ml of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate then separated from the aqueous layer. The organic layer was washed two more times with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, then with brine and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent, the resulting oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using EtOAc:Hexanes:MeOH(NH3) as eluent. The procedure yielded 6.8 gr.(94%) of Compound 292. FAB-MS: m/z=264 (M+1).
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00299
  • Ethyl 1-[(3-amino-4-pyridinyl)methyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylate 292 (4.75 gr.; 18.04 mmoles) was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature with 1.51 gr. (36 mmoles) of lithium hydroxide monohydrate in 75 ml of methanol. Removal of the solvent using reduced pressure yielded Compound 293 as a white solid.
    • Step 6
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00300
  • 4-(2-pyridinylcarbonyl)piperidine 28 (Step 4 in Example 6) (0.3 gr.; 1.58 mmoles), lithium 1-[(3-amino-4-pyridinyl)methyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylate 293 (0.34 gr.; 1.4 mmoles), DEC (0.38 gr.; 2.0 mmoles), and HOBT (0.27 gr.; 2.0 mmoles) were stirred at room temperature in 10 ml of dry DMF for two days. The reaction was quenched with 50 ml. of 0.5 N aqueous NaOH, then the solution was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The product 295 was isolated by flash chromatography on silica gel using EtOAc:Hexanes:MeOH(NH3) (50:45:5) as eluent. Yields: 0.27 gr. (47%). FAB-MS: m/z=408 (M+1).
    • Step 7
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00301
  • 1-[[[1-[(3-amino-4-pyridinyl)methyl]-4-piperidinyl]carbonyl]-4-(2-pyridinylcarbonyl)piperidine 295 (0.196 gr.; 0.48) and methoxyamine hydrochloride (0.401 gr. 4.8; mmoles) were heated, under N2 ,at a bath temperature of 70° C. for 24 hours in 6.0 ml of dry pyridine. After removing the pyridine using reduced pressure, the residue was treated with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The resulting mixture was extracted several times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The reaction mixture was purified by silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography. The plates were eluted with EtOAc:Hexanes:MeOH(NH3) (60:35:5) and the product 296 was extracted with 10% MeOH(NH3)/EtOAc. Yields: 0.15 gr. (71%). FAB-MS: m/z 437 (M+1).
    • EXAMPLE 30 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00302
  • A mixture of 297 (1 g, 10 mmol) in 1:1 water-dioxane (50 mL) was treated with Et3N (4 mL, 13 mmol) and BOC2O (2.8 g, 13 mmol) at 4° C. and allowed to warm to 20° C. for one day. The solvent was then removed in vacuo. The residue was taken up in 1:1 water-ethyl acetate and the organic layer was discarded. The aqueous layer was acidified with 1 N aqueous HCl and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with water and brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated to give 298 as a white solid (1.8 g, 90%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00303
  • A mixture of 298 (1.8 g, 9 mmol), N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.6 g, 27 mmol), EDCl (5 g, 27 mmol), HOBt (0.1 g, 1 mmol), and DIPEA (12.5 mL, 72 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was stirred at 20° C. overnight. The reaction was then concentrated to half volume in vacuo, poured onto water, and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl, saturated aqueous NaHCO3, water and brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated to give 299 as a clear oil (2.1 g, 98%).
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00304
  • To a solution of 2-bromopyridine (1.2 mL, 12 mmol) in THF (60 mL) at −78° C. was added n-BuLi (8 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexanes, 12 mmol) dropwise over 15 min. After stirring for an additional 30 min at −78° C., a solution of 299 (1 g, 4 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was slowly added. The reaction was then heated to 60° C. for 1 h. After cooling to 20° C., the reaction was diluted with ether, quenched with saturated aqueous Na2SO4, and dried with solid Na2SO4. The mixture was filtered through a plug of solid Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Flash column chromatography (0-20% ethyl acetate-hexanes) yielded 300 as a yellow oil (0.12 g, 11%).
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00305
  • Following procedures similar to those of Steps 4 to 7 of Example 6, compound 301 was obtained. MS 409 (M+1).
  • Following procedures similar to those described in the examples above, the compounds in Table 2 were prepared.
  • TABLE 2
    Compound STRUCTURE MS (M + 1)
    302
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00306
         		430
    303
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00307
         		421
    304
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00308
         		505
    305
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00309
         		505
    306
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00310
         		471
    307
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00311
         		426
    308
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00312
         		408
    309
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00313
         		442
    310
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00314
         		437
    311
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00315
         		437
    312
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00316
         		458
    313
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00317
         		402
    314
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00318
         		487
    315
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00319
         		438
    316
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00320
         		467
    317
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00321
         		424
    318
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00322
         		451
    319
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00323
         		430
    320
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00324
         		523
    321
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00325
         		453
    322
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00326
         		453
    323
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00327
         		410
    324
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00328
         		413
    325
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00329
         		439
    326
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00330
         		466
    327
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00331
         		453
    328
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00332
         		453
    329
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00333
         		424
    330
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00334
         		453
    331
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00335
         		438
    332
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00336
         		488
    333
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00337
         		437
    334
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00338
         		437
    335
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00339
         		479
    336
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00340
         		452
    337
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00341
         		466
    338
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00342
         		438
    339
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00343
         		465
    340
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00344
         		465
    341
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00345
         		513
    342
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00346
         		452
    343
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00347
         		550
    344
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00348
         		499
    345
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00349
         		451
    346
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00350
         		451
    347
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00351
         		451
    348
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00352
         		451
    349
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00353
         		452
    350
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00354
         		455
    351
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00355
         		455
    352
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00356
         		422
    353
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00357
         		422
    354
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00358
         		492
    355
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00359
         		438
    356
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00360
         		437
    357
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00361
         		424
    358
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00362
         		510
    359
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00363
         		539
    360
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00364
         		453
    361
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00365
         		409
    362
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00366
         		438
    363
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00367
         		426
    364
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00368
         		422
    365
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00369
         		483
    366
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00370
         		483
    367
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00371
         		497
    368
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00372
         		465
    369
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00373
         		479
    370
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00374
         		479
    371
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00375
         		493
    372
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00376
         		564
    373
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00377
         		517
    374
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00378
         		568
    375
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00379
         		426
    376
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00380
         		455
    377
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00381
         		456
    378
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00382
         		452
    379
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00383
         		427
  • If one were to follow procedures similar to those described in the examples above, the compounds in the “Structure” column of Table 3 would be obtained using the starting material listed in Table 3. Each compound in Table 3 is a mixture of oxime isomers, as represented by the
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-P00001
    bond between the oxime nitrogen and the OH or OCH3 moiety. In Table 3 “CMPD” stands for “Compound”.
  • TABLE 3
    CMPD Structure Starting Material
    380
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00384
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00385
    381
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00386
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00387
    382
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00388
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00389
    383
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00390
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00391
    384
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00392
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00393
    385
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00394
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00395
    386
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00396
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00397
    387
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00398
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00399
    388
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00400
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00401
    389
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00402
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00403
    390
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00404
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00405
    391
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00406
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00407
    392
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00408
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00409
    393
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00410
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00411
    394
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00412
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00413
    395
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00414
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00415
    396
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00416
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00417
    397
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00418
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00419
    398
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00420
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00421
    399
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00422
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00423
    400
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00424
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00425
    401
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00426
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00427
    402
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00428
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00429
    403
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00430
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00431
    404
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00432
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00433
    405
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00434
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00435
    406
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00436
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00437
    407
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00438
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00439
    408
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00440
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00441
    409
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00442
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00443
    410
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00444
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00445
    411
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00446
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00447
    412
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00448
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00449
    413
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00450
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00451
    414
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00452
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00453
    415
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00454
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00455
    416
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00456
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00457
    417
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00458
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00459
    418
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00460
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00461
    419
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00462
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00463
    420
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00464
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00465
    421
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00466
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00467
    422
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00468
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00469
    423
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00470
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00471
    424
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00472
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00473
    425
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00474
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00475
    426
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00476
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00477
    427
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00478
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00479
    428
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00480
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00481
    429
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00482
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00483
    430
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00484
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00485
    431
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00486
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00487
    432
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00488
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00489
    433
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00490
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00491
    434
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00492
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00493
    435
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00494
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00495
    436
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00496
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00497
    437
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00498
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00499
    438
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00500
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00501
    439
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00502
    Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00503
    • EXAMPLE 31 Step 1
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00504
  • To a solution of LDA (233 mL, 2.0 M in THF/heptane/ethylbenzene, 0.466 mol) in THF (300 mL) at 0° C. was added, dropwise over 1.0 h, a solution of compound 440 (100 g, 0.389 mol) in THF (˜400 mL). The red-orange solution was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, and then transferred by cannula to a pre-cooled (0° C.) solution of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (153 g, 0.485 mol) in dry THF (˜600 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, and then at rt for 18 h. The total solvent volume was reduced to approximately one third, and EtOAc (˜1 L) was added. The solution was washed successively with water, 0.1 N aq. HCl, saturated aq. NaHCO3, and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a crude liquid. Separation by flash chromatography (6:1 hexanes-EtOAc) gave compound 441 (93.5 g, 87%).
    • Step 2
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00505
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, Step 4, compound 441 was converted to compound 442.
    • Step 3
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00506
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, Step 4, compound 442 was converted to compound 443.
    • Step 4
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00507
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, Step 5, compound 443 was converted to compound 444.
    • Step 5
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00508
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, Step 5, compound 5 was converted to compound 445.
  • Step 6
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00509
  • In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, Step 6, compound 445 was converted to compound 446.
  • In the above examples, the compound 4-[(E)-(methoxyimino)-2-pyridinylmethyl]piperidine dihydrochloride:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00510
  • can be used to prepare the compounds of this invention, for example, see Examples 6 and 28. Preferably, Compound 447 is prepared from a compound of formula:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00511
  • and from a compound of Formula 449:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00512
  • R50 is an alkyl or aryl group, f is 0 to 4, R51 is an alkyl group, and Q is a halo group, wherein said alkyl, aryl, and halo groups are as defined above.
  • Compound 447 can be prepared from 448 and 449 by:
      • (a) converting the compound of formula 449 into its Grignard form (449A):
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00513
      • (b) reacting the compound of formula 448 with the compound of formula 449A to obtain a compound of formula 450:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00514
      • (c) reacting the compound of formula 450 with a suitable alkyl chloroformate of formula 451

  • R51—OCOCl  451
  • to yield a compound of formula 452:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00515
      • (d) forming the salt (formula 453):
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00516
      • (e) reacting the compound of formula 453 with an alkoxyamine (NH2OR51) or its hydrochloride to form an oxime of formula 454:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00517
      • (f) isomerizing the compound of formula 454 by treatment with a strong acid and simultaneously converting to the desired acid salt of Formula 454 with an enriched E isomer, wherein the E isomer predominates over the Z-isomer by at least a 90:10 ratio. When f=0, R51 is methyl, and the acid used for isomerization is HCl in the compound of formula 454, the final product is the compound of formula 447.
  • This preparation can be represented as follows:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00518
  • Following the above process the Compound 447 can be prepared as follows:
  • Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00519
  • The conversion of compound 461 to 447 predominantly yields the E-isomer of compound 447 in high stereochemical purity and high yields. Isomerization of a mixture of phenyl compounds by acid catalysis is discussed by T. Zsuzsanna et al, Hung.Magy.Km.Foly., 74(3) (1968), 116-119.
  • The above process starts with Compound 449. In step 1, a 4-halo-1-alkylpiperidine (or a 4-halo-1-arylpiperidine) is converted to its Grignard analog (449A) by reacting with magnesium. The reaction is performed generally at temperatures of about −10° C. to reflux. Generally a hydrocarbon solvent such as, for example, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and the like, or mixture of hydrocarbons listed above with an ether, such as, for example, a C5-C12 alkyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane 1.2-diethoxyethane, diglyme, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like are suitable for this reaction. The solution is cooled to around −10° C. to about 10° C. and then reacted with a suitable 2-cyanopyridine (448), for about 10-120 minutes. Examples of suitable 2-cyanopyridines are 2-cyanopyridine, 4-methyl-2-cyanopyridine, 4-ethyl-2-cyanopyridine, 4-phenyl-2-cyanopyridine, and the like. Preferred are 2-cyanopyridine and 4-methyl-2-cyanopyridine. The Grignard compound is used generally in about 1-4 molar equivalents with respect to the compound of formula 448, preferably in about 1-3 molar equivalents and typically in about 1.5-2.5 molar equivalents. The product of formula 450 may be isolated by procedures well known in the art, such as, for example, treatment with an acid (e.g. HCl), preferably in a suitable solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate).
  • The product of Formula 450 may then be reacted with an alkyl chloroformate in the next step. Suitable alkyl chloroformates are, for example, methyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, propyl chloroformate, and the like, with the preferred being methyl chloroformate or ethyl chloroformate. Generally a hydrocarbon solvent such as, for example, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and the like, or mixture of a hydrocarbons listed above with an ether such as, for example, a C5-C12 alkyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1.2-diethoxyethane, diglyme, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like is suitable for this reaction. The reaction is generally performed at about 25-100° C., preferably about 40-90° C. and typically about 50-80° C., for about 1-5 hours. After the reaction, generally the generated acid is washed off and the product of formula 452 may be isolated by organic solvent extraction.
  • The compound of Formula 452 may then be converted into its acid salt by treatment with an acid such as, for example, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like, generally in a solvent at temperatures between ambient and reflux of the solvent. Suitable solvents include hydrocarbons such as, for example, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and the like. There being two nitrogen atoms in the compound of Formula 452, the salt generally has 2 moles of acid to a mole of compound 452.
  • The compound of formula 453 may then be converted to an alkyloxime of formula 454 by reacting it with an alkoxyamine (or its hydrochloride), usually in aqueous solution form. Suitable alkoxyamines are, for example, methoxyamine, ethoxyamine and the like. Methoxyamine is preferred. The alkoxyamine (or its hydrochloride) is employed generally in about 1 to about 4 molar equivalents, preferably in about 1 to about 3 molar equivalents, and typically in about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents. Generally, the reaction is catalyzed by a weak acid such as) for example, acetic acid, formic acid and the like, or mixtures thereof. A cosolvent such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and the like, or mixtures thereof may be added. The product of formula 454, after work-up, is a mixture of the Z- and the E-isomers, whose ratio may be analyzed for its stereochemical make-up, using techniques well known in the art such as, for example, HPLC.
  • Treating the compound of formula 454 with a strong acid under the reaction conditions described below isomerizes the mixture of the Z and the E-isomers into predominantly the E-isomer. Generally, the compound of formula 454 may be dissolved in a solvent such as, for example, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and the like, ether such as methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and the like, hydrocarbon such as, for example, heptane, hexane, toluene and the like, nitrile such as, for example, acetonitrile, benzonitrile and the like, or mixtures of such solvents. The dissolved compound is then treated with a strong acid such as, for example, HCl, HBr, H2SO4 and the like, at temperatures in the range of 20 to 100° C. for about 1-20 hours. The acid is employed generally in about 1 to about 8 molar equivalents, preferably in about 1 to about 6 molar equivalents, and typically in about 2 to about 4 molar equivalents. Work-up typically forms predominantly the acid salt of the E-isomer of the compound of formula 454, which is in fact the compound of formula 447 when R51=methyl, n=0 and the acid salt is HCl in 454.
  • The products of the various steps in the process described above may be isolated and purified by conventional techniques such as, for example, filtration, recrystallization, solvent extraction, distillation, precipitation, sublimation and the like, as is well known to those skilled in the art. The products may be analyzed and/or checked for purity by conventional methods such as, for example, thin layer chromatography, NMR, HPLC, melting point, mass spectral analysis, elemental analysis and the like, well known to those skilled in the art.
    • H3-Receptor Binding Assay
  • The source of the H3 receptors in this experiment was guinea pig brain. The animals weighed 400-600 g. The brain tissue was homogenized with a solution of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5. The final concentration of tissue in the homogenization buffer was 10% w/v. The homogenates were centrifuged at 1,000×g for 10 min. in order to remove clumps of tissue and debris. The resulting supernatants were then centrifuged at 50,000×g for 20 min. in order to sediment the membranes, which were next washed three times in homogenization buffer (50,000×g for 20 min. each). The membranes were frozen and stored at −70° C. until needed.
  • All compounds to be tested were dissolved in DMSO and then diluted into the binding buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5) such that the final concentration was 2 μg/ml with 0.1% DMSO. Membranes were then added (400 μg of protein) to the reaction tubes. The reaction was started by the addition of 3 nM [3H]R-α-methyl histamine (8.8 Ci/mmol) or 3 nM [3H]Nα-methyl histamine (80 Ci/mmol) and continued under incubation at 30° C. for 30 min. Bound ligand was separated from unbound ligand by filtration, and the amount of radioactive ligand bound to the membranes was quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. All incubations were performed in duplicate and the standard error was always less than 10%. Compounds that inhibited more than 70% of the specific binding of radioactive ligand to the receptor were serially diluted to determine a Ki (nM).
  • Compounds 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 44, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 59, 75, 76, 83, 88, 92, 99, 104, 110, 117, 128, 200, 201, 203-215, 217-241, 244-246, 246A, 247-253, 253A, 254-273, 275, 278, 280-282, 287, 296, 301-310, and 312-379 had a Ki within the range of about 0.25 to about 370 nM.
  • Preferred Compounds 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 59, 92, 212, 215, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 233, 235, 237, 238, 246, 246A, 247, 248, 251, 253, 253A, 268-273, 275, 278-281, 287, 296, 301, 304-307, 309, 312, 314-318, 320-356, and 358-376 had a Ki within the range of about 0.25 to about 33 nM.
  • Most preferred Compounds 30, 31, 32, 33, 54, 55, 56, 56A, 225, 237, 246A, 253A, 273, 280, 287, 296, 301, 304-307, 309, 312, 314-318, 320-348, 350-356, 359-372, and 374-376 had a Ki within the range of about 0.25 to about 16 nM.
  • More preferred compound 32 had a Ki of 0.83 nM.
  • More preferred compounds 54, 55, 253A, 287, 320 had a KB within the range of about 1.05 to about 9.75 nM.
  • For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds described by this invention, inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories. The powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active ingredient. Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g. magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.
  • Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
  • Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, is shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
  • The compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally. The transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
  • Preferably the compound is administered orally.
  • Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
  • The quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 1 mg to about 150 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to about 75 mg, more preferably from about 1 mg to about 50 mg, according to the particular application.
  • The actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.
  • The amount and frequency of administration of the compounds of the invention and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician considering such factors as age, condition and size of the patient as well as severity of the symptoms being treated. A typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 1 mg/day to about 300 mg/day, preferably 1 mg/day to 75 mg/day, in two to four divided doses.
  • The methods of this invention described above using a compound of Formula I also include the use of one or more compounds of Formula I, and the methods of this invention described above using a compound of Formula I in combination with an H1 receptor antagonist also include the use of one or more compounds of Formula I in combination with one or more H1 receptor antagonists.
  • While the present has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments set forth above, many alternatives, modifications and variations thereof will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All such alternatives, modifications and variations are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (55)

1. A compound of the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00520
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein.
(1) R1 is selected from:
(a) aryl;
(b) heteroaryl;
(c) heterocycloalkyl
(d) alkyl;
(e) cycloalkyl; or
(f) alkylaryl;
 wherein said R1 groups are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from:
(1) halogen;
(2) hydroxyl;
(3) lower alkoxy;
(4) —CF3;
(5) CF3O—;
(6) —NR4R5;
(7) phenyl;
(8) —NO2,
(9) —CO2R4;
(10) —CON(R4)2 wherein each R4 is the same or different,
(11) —S(O)mN(R20)2 wherein each R20 is the same or different H or alkyl group, preferably C1 to C4 alkyl, most preferably C1-C2 alkyl, and more preferably methyl;
(12) —CN; or
(13) alkyl; or
(2) R1 and X taken together form a group selected from:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00521
(3) X is selected from: ═C(O), ═C(NOR3), ═C(NNR4R5),
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00522
(4) M1 is carbon;
(5) M2 is selected from C or N;
(6) M3 and M4 are independently selected from C or N;
(7) Y is selected from: is —CH2—, ═C(O), ═C(NOR20) (wherein R20 is as defined above), or ═C(S);
(8) Z is a C1-C6 alkyl group;
(9) R2 is a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring, said six-membered heteroaryl ring comprising 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms with the remaining ring atoms being carbon, and said five-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from: nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur with the remaining ring atoms being carbon, said five or six membered heteroaryl rings being optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from: halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, —CF3, CF3O—, —NR4R5, phenyl, —NO2, —CO2R4, —CON(R4)2 wherein each R4 is the same or different, —CH2NR4R5, —(N)C(NR4R5)2, or —CN;
(10) R3 is selected from:
(a) hydrogen;
(b) C1-C6 alkyl;
(c) aryl;
(d) heteroaryl;
(e) heterocycloalkyl;
(f) arylalkyl;
(g) —(CH2)e—C(O)N(R4)2 wherein each R4 is the same or different,
(h) —(CH2)e—C(O)OR4;
(i) —(CH2)e—C(O)R30 wherein R30 is a heterocycloalkyl group, such as, for example, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or pyrrolidinyl, including
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00523
(j) —CF3; or
(k) —CH2CF3;
wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and the aryl portion of said arylalkyl are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from: halogen, —OH, —OCF3, —CF3, —CN, —N(R45)2, —CO2R45, or —C(O)N(R45)2, wherein each R45 is independently selected from: H, alkyl, alkylaryl, or alkylaryl wherein said aryl moiety is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —CF3,—OH, halogen, alkyl, —NO2, or —CN;
(11) R4 is selected from: hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, said aryl and alkylaryl groups being optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from: halogen, —CF3, —OCF3, —OH, —N(R45)2, —CO2R45, —C(O)N(R45)2, or —CN; wherein R45 is as defined above;
(12) R5 is selected from: hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, —C(O)R4, —C(O)2R4, or —C(O)N(R4)2 wherein each R4 is independently selected, and R4 is as defined above:
(13) or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound forms a five or six membered heterocycloalkyl ring;
(14) R6 is selected from: alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, —CF3, CF3O—, —NR4R5, phenyl, —NO2, —CO2R4, —CON(R4)2 wherein each R4 is the same or different, or —CN;
(15) R12 is selected from: alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, or fluoro;
(16) R13 is selected from: alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, or fluoro;
(17) a is 0 to 2;
(18) b is 0 to 2;
(19) c is 0 to 2;
(20) e is 0 to 5;
(21) m is 1 or 2;
(22) n is 1, 2 or 3; and
(23) p is 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that when M3 and M4 are both nitrogen, then p is 2 or 3.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 is selected from:
(A) aryl;
(B) substituted aryl, wherein the substituents on said substituted aryl are selected from: (1) halo; or (2) alkyl; or (3) substituted alkyl;
(C) heteroaryl;
(D) substituted heteroaryl; or
(E) when R1 is taken together with X, then the moiety is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00524
3. The compound of claim 2 wherein R1 is selected from:
(A) phenyl;
(B) substituted phenyl wherein the substituents on said substituted phenyl are selected from: (1) halo; (2) alkyl; (3) alkyl substituted with halo;
(C) heteroaryl selected from: pyridyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl or pyridyl N-Oxide;
(D) alkyl substituted thiazolyl; or
(E) when R1 is taken together with X, then the moiety is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00525
wherein c is 0 or 1, and when c is 1 then R6 is halo.
4. The compound of claim 3 wherein R1 is selected from;
(A) phenyl;
(B) substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents on said substituted phenyl are independently selected from: chloro, fluoro or trifluoromethyl;
(C) heteroaryl selected from:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00526
(D) substituted hetetoaryl of the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00527
(E) when R is taken together with X, then the moiety is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00528
wherein c is 0 or 1, and when c is 1 then R6 is fluoro.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 is selected from:
(A) phenyl;
(B) substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents on said substituted phenyl are independently selected from: chloro, fluoro or trifluoromethyl;
(C) pyridyl; or
(D) substituted heteroaryl of the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00529
(E) when R1 is taken together with X, then the moiety is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00530
wherein c is 0 or 1, and when c is 1 then R6 is fluoro.
6. The compound of claim 5 wherein R1 is pyridyl.
7. The compound of claim 6 wherein R1 is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00531
8. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is ═C(NOR3), and R3 is selected from H or alkyl.
9. The compound of claim 8 wherein R3 is selected from H, methyl or ethyl.
10. The compound of claim 9 wherein R3 is methyl.
11. The compound of claim 1 wherein: (1) M2 is nitrogen; and (2) M3 and M4 are selected such that: (a) one is carbon and the other is nitrogen, or (b) both are nitrogen.
12. The compound of claim 11 wherein M3 is carbon, and M4 is nitrogen.
13. The compound of claim 1 wherein:
n is 2;
a is 0 or 1;
b is 0 or 1;
c is 0 or 1, and when c is 1 then R6 is halo;
e is 1 to 5; and
p is 2.
14. The compound of claim 1 wherein Y is ═C(O).
15. The compound of claim 1 wherein Z is C1 to C3 alkyl.
16. The compound of claim 1 wherein Z is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00532
17. The compound of claim 1 wherein R2 is a six membered heteroaryl ring.
18. The compound of claim 17 wherein R2 is selected from pyridyl, pyridyl substituted with —NR4R5, pyrimidinyl, or pyrimidinyl substituted with —R4R5.
19. The compound of claim 18 wherein R2 is pyridyl substituted with —NH2, or pyrimidinyl substituted with —NH2.
20. The compound of claim 19 wherein R2 is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00533
21. The compound of claim 1 wherein R4 is H or lower alkyl; R5 is H, C1 to C6alkyl, or —C(O)R4; R12 is alkyl, hydroxy or fluoro; and R13 is alkyl, hydroxy or fluoro.
22. The compound of claim 21 wherein R4 is H or methyl; R5 is H or methyl; R12 is hydroxy or fluoro; and R13 is hydroxy or fluoro.
23. The compound of claim 1 wherein:
(1) R1 is selected from:
(A) aryl;
(B) substituted aryl, wherein the substituents on said substituted aryl are selected from: (1) halo; or (2) alkyl; or (3) substituted alkyl;
(C) heteroaryl; or
(D) substituted heteroaryl; or
(E) when R1 is taken together with X, then the moiety is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00534
(2) X is ═C(NOR3);
(3) R3 is selected from H or alkyl;
(4) M2 is nitrogen;
(5) Y is ═C(O);
(6) M3 and M4 are selected such that: (1) one is carbon and the other is nitrogen, or (2) both are nitrogen;
(7) Z is C1 to C3 alkyl; and
(8) R2 is a six membered heteroaryl ring.
24. The compound of claim 23 wherein:
(1) R1 is selected from:
(A) phenyl;
(B) substituted phenyl wherein the substituents on said substituted phenyl are selected from: (1) halo; (2) alkyl; (3) alkyl substituted with halo;
(C) heteroaryl selected from: pyridyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl or pyridyl N-Oxide; or
(D) alkyl substituted thiazolyl; or
(E) when R1 is taken together with X, then the moiety is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00535
wherein c is 0 or 1, and when c is 1 then R6 is halo;
(2) R3 is selected from H, methyl or ethyl;
(3) n is 2,
(4) a is 0 or 1,
(5) b is 0 or 1,
(6) c is 0 or 1 and when c is 1 then R6 is halo,
(7) e is 1 to 5,
(8) p is 2,
(9) R4 is H or lower alkyl,
(10) R5 is H, C1 to C6alkyl, or —C(O)R4;
(11) R12 is alkyl, hydroxy or fluoro, and
(12) R13 is alkyl, hydroxy or fluoro.
25. The compound of claim 24 wherein R2 is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00536
R1 is
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00537
M2 is nitrogen, M3 is carbon, and M4 is nitrogen.
26. The compound of claim 1 selected from: Compound 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 41, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 59, 65, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 88, 92, 99, 104, 105, 110, 111, 117, 121, 123, 127, 128, 200-241, 244-273, 275, 278-282, 287, 296, 301-439, or 446.
27. The compound of claim 1 selected from: Compound 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 59, 92, 212, 215, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 233, 235, 237, 238, 246, 246A, 247, 248, 251, 253, 253A, 268-273, 275, 278-281, 287, 296, 301, 304-307, 309, 312, 314-318, 320-356, or 358-376.
28. The compound of claim 1 selected from: Compound 30, 31, 32, 33, 54, 55, 56, 57A, 225, 237, 246A, 253A, 273, or 280, 287, 296, 301, 304-307, 309, 312, 314-318, 320-348, 350-356, 359-372, or 374-376.
29. The compound of claim 1 selected from: Compound 32, 54, 55, 253A, 287 or 320.
30. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00538
31. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00539
32. The compound of claim 1 having the formula
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00540
33. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00541
34. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00542
35. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00543
36. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00544
37. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00545
38. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
39. A method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
40. The method of claim 39 wherein allergy-induced airway responses are treated.
41. The method of claim 39 wherein allergy or nasal congestion is treated.
42. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of claim 1, and an effective amount of H1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
43. A method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist.
44. The method of claim 43 wherein said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, bromphentramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
45. The method of claim 44 wherein said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
46. The method of claim 45 wherein said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
47. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically effective carrier, wherein said compound of claim 1 is selected from:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00546
48. A method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, cardiovascular diseases diseases of the GI tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastro-intestinal tract, obesity, sleeping disorders, disturbances of the central nervous system, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and migraine comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of claim 1, wherein said compound of claim 1 is selected from:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00547
49. The method of claim 48 wherein allergy-induced airway responses are treated.
50. The method of claim 48 wherein allergy or nasal congestion is treated.
51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of claim 1, and an effective amount of H1 receptor antagonist, and a pharmaceutically effective carrier, wherein said compound of claim 1 is selected from:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00548
52. A method of treating: allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, and congestion comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 in combination with an effective amount of an H1 receptor antagonist, wherein said compound of claim 1 is selected from:
Figure US20080119487A1-20080522-C00549
53. The method of claim 52 wherein said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acnvastine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, meclizine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine or triprolidine.
54. The method of claim 53 wherein said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, fexofenadine or cetirizine.
55. The method of claim 54 wherein said H1 receptor antagonist is selected from: loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine.
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