US20070045844A1 - Alpha particle shields in chip packaging - Google Patents
Alpha particle shields in chip packaging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070045844A1 US20070045844A1 US11/211,116 US21111605A US2007045844A1 US 20070045844 A1 US20070045844 A1 US 20070045844A1 US 21111605 A US21111605 A US 21111605A US 2007045844 A1 US2007045844 A1 US 2007045844A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor
- interposing shield
- pads
- shield
- interposing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004166 TaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/20—Parameters
- H01L2924/206—Length ranges
- H01L2924/2064—Length ranges larger or equal to 1 micron less than 100 microns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
- H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
- H01L2924/3025—Electromagnetic shielding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to integrated circuit packaging, and more specifically, to using alpha particle shields in integrated circuit packaging.
- solder bumps are typically formed on top of a semiconductor chip (i.e., integrated circuit IC). Each solder bump is formed directly on a bond pad of the chip. Then the chip is flipped face down and then aligned to a package/substrate so that the solder bumps are bonded directly, simultaneously, and one-to-one to the pads of the package/substrate (called package/substrate pads).
- package/substrate pads the pads of the package/substrate pads.
- alpha particles large subatomic fragments consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
- Alpha particles are also generated from 210 Pb contained in the solder bumps.
- the present invention provides a structure, comprising (a) an integrated circuit including N chip electric pads, wherein N is a positive integer, and wherein the N chip electric pads are electrically connected to a plurality of devices on the integrated circuit; (b) N solder bumps corresponding to the N chip electric pads; (c) a semiconductor interposing shield sandwiched between the integrated circuit and the N solder bumps; and (d) N electric conductors (i) passing through the semiconductor interposing shield and (ii) electrically connecting the N solder bumps to the N chip electric pads.
- the present invention also provides a structure, comprising (a) an integrated circuit including N chip electric pads, wherein N is a positive integer, and wherein the N chip electric pads are electrically connected to a plurality of devices on the integrated circuit; (b) N solder bumps corresponding to the N chip electric pads; (c) a semiconductor interposing shield sandwiched between the integrated circuit and the N solder bumps, wherein the semiconductor interposing shield has a thickness of at least 50 ⁇ m; (d) N electric conductors (i) passing through the semiconductor interposing shield and (ii) electrically connecting the N solder bumps to the N chip electric pads; and (e) a ceramic substrate including N substrate pads, wherein the N solder bumps are bonded to the N substrate pads.
- the present invention also provides a structure fabrication method, comprising providing an integrated circuit including N chip electric pads, wherein N is a positive integer, and wherein the N chip electric pads are electrically connected to a plurality of devices on the integrated circuit; providing an interposing shield having a top side and a bottom side and having N electric conductors in the interposing shield, wherein the N electric conductors are exposed to a surrounding ambient at the top side but not being exposed to the surrounding ambient at the bottom side; bonding the integrated circuit to the top side of the interposing shield such that the N chip electric pads are in electrical contact with the N electric conductors; polishing the bottom side of the interposing shield so as to expose the N electric conductors to the surrounding ambient at the bottom side of the interposing shield after said bonding the integrated circuit to the top side is performed; and forming N solder bumps on the polished bottom side of the interposing shield and in electrical contact with the N electric conductors.
- the present invention also provides a structure fabrication method, comprising providing an integrated circuit including N chip electric pads, wherein N is a positive integer, and wherein the N chip electric pads are electrically connected to a plurality of devices on the integrated circuit; providing a semiconductor interposing shield having a top side and a bottom side and having N electric conductors in the semiconductor shield, wherein the N electric conductors are exposed to a surrounding ambient at the top side but not being exposed to the surrounding ambient at the bottom side; bonding the integrated circuit to the top side of the semiconductor interposing shield such that the N chip electric pads are in electrical contact with the N electric conductors; polishing the bottom side of the semiconductor interposing shield so as to expose the N electric conductors to the surrounding ambient at the bottom side of the semiconductor interposing shield after said bonding the integrated circuit to the top side is performed; forming N solder bumps on the polished bottom side of the semiconductor interposing shield and in electrical contact with the N electric conductors; after said forming the N solder bumps is performed, bonding a ceramic substrate
- the present invention provides a structure (and a method for forming the same) that reduces the number of alpha particles that enter the chip.
- FIGS. 1-10 show the fabrication process for forming a structure, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1-10 show the fabrication process for forming a structure 700 ( FIG. 10 ), in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, with reference to FIG. 1A , in one embodiment, the fabrication process starts out with an interposing shield 100 that comprises a semiconductor (e.g., silicon, germanium) layer 110 . Next, in one embodiment, annular trenches 112 a and 112 b are formed in the semiconductor layer 110 . Illustratively, the annular trenches 112 a and 112 b are formed using a photolithographic process. In one embodiment, the annular trenches 112 a and 112 b have a depth 113 of around 50-70 ⁇ m. FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of the interposing shield 100 of FIG. 1A .
- a semiconductor e.g., silicon, germanium
- annular trenches 112 a and 112 b are formed in the semiconductor layer 110 .
- the annular trenches 112 a and 112 b
- a dielectric film 210 is formed on exposed-to-ambient silicon surfaces of the interposing shield 100 of FIG. 1A .
- the dielectric film 210 forms on, among other places, bottom walls and side walls of the annular trenches 112 a and 112 b .
- exposed-to-ambient silicon surfaces of the interposing shield 100 of FIG. 1 can be thermally oxidized so as to form silicon dioxide resulting in the dielectric film 210 .
- an electrically conducting layer 310 is formed on top of the interposing shield 100 of FIG. 2 so as to completely fill the annular trenches 112 a and 112 b .
- the electrically conducting layer 310 comprises a metal (such as copper Cu) and is formed by CVD (chemical vapor deposition), ALD (atomic layer deposition), or electrochemical plating of the metal (i.e., Cu). It should be noted that if the metal used for the electrically conducting layer 310 is tungsten (W), a seed layer (not shown) of Ti or TiN needs to be formed first on top of the interposing shield 100 of FIG.
- the metal used for the electrically conducting layer 310 is copper (Cu)
- a seed layer (not shown) of TaN, Ta and Cu needs to be formed first on top of the interposing shield 100 of FIG. 2 by PVD, CVD or ALD to serve as nuclei for the ensuing growth of copper to form the Cu electrically conducting layer 310 .
- a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) step is performed on top surfaces 320 of the interposing shield 100 of FIG. 3 until the dielectric film 210 is exposed to the surrounding ambient.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the resulting interposing shield 100 is shown in FIG. 4 (without the top layer 420 ).
- What remains of the electrically conducting layer 310 after the CMP step resides in the annular trenches 112 a and 112 b and can be referred to as the annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b ( FIG. 4 ).
- a dielectric layer 420 is formed on top of the dielectric film 210 and in contact with the annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b .
- the dielectric layer 420 comprises silicon dioxide and is formed by CVD of silicon dioxide.
- electric pads 510 a and 510 b are formed in the oxide layer 420 and in direct physical contact with the annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b , respectively.
- the electric pads 510 a and 510 b comprise copper and can be formed using a conventional damascene process. More specifically, the damascene process starts with etching trenches (which the electric pads 510 a and 510 b later occupy) in the oxide layer 420 using a conventional lithographic process. Next, copper is deposited (e.g., by electroplating) to fill the trenches. Finally, excess copper outside the trenches is removed by a CMP step resulting in the electric pads 510 a and 510 b as shown in FIG. 5 .
- the oxide layer 420 is recessed so that its top surface 422 is lower than the top surfaces 512 of the electric pads 510 a and 510 b as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the oxide layer 420 is recessed by several thousand A to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the oxide layer 420 is recessed by a wet etch using a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution (HF).
- the interposing shield 100 is aligned with a semiconductor chip (integrated circuit IC) 600 such that the electric pads 622 a and 622 b of the semiconductor chip 600 are aligned with the electric pads 510 a and 510 b of the interposing shield 100 , respectively.
- the semiconductor chip 600 is fabricated separately from the fabrication of the interposing shield 100 .
- the semiconductor chip 600 comprises a device region 610 and a back-end-of-line (BEOL) region 620 .
- the device region 610 can comprise devices such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors (not shown).
- the (BEOL) region 620 can comprise electrically conducting lines (not shown) running in a dielectric material so as to (i) electrically connect the devices of the device region 610 together and (ii) electrically connect the devices of the device region 610 to the electric pads 622 a and 622 b.
- the interposing shield 100 and the chip 600 are bonded together to form a structure 700 such that the electric pads 510 a and 622 a ( FIG. 6 ) merge together to form an electric pad 510 a , 622 a and such that the electric pads 510 b and 622 b ( FIG. 6 ) merge together to form an electric pad 510 b , 622 b .
- the bonding process is performed at 350-400° C.
- the bottom side of the structure 700 is polished until the annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b are exposed to the surrounding ambient.
- the bottom side of the structure 700 is mechanically ground by a mechanical grinding process only.
- the bottom side of the structure 700 is ground down by a mechanical grinding process until the annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b are about to be exposed to the surrounding ambient.
- a wet etch is performed on the bottom side of the structure 700 so as to expose the annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b to the surrounding ambient.
- solder bumps 910 a and 910 b are formed on bottom side of the structure 700 and in electrical contact with the annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b , respectively, using a conventional solder bump formation process (also known as the flip chip technologies).
- the resulting structure 700 is shown in FIG. 9 .
- the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b are electrically connected to the annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b via electric chip pads 920 a and 920 b , respectively.
- the electric chip pads 920 a and 920 b comprises aluminum.
- solder bumps 910 a and 910 b and the aluminum chip pads 920 a and 920 b is a ball limiting metallurgy (BLM) (illustratively comprising TiW/CuCr/Cu).
- BBM ball limiting metallurgy
- the rest of the bottom side of the structure 700 is covered by a polyimide layer 930 which is a dielectric material.
- a ceramic substrate 1010 is bonded with the structure 700 such that substrate pads 1010 a and 1010 b of the ceramic substrate 1010 are bonded with the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b , respectively.
- the substrate pads 1010 a and 1010 b comprises aluminum.
- the structure 700 is placed in a package (not shown) having package pins (not shown) that are electrically connected to the substrate pads 1010 a and 1010 b via metal lines (not shown).
- the interposing shield 100 is sandwiched between the ceramic substrate 1010 and the semiconductor chip 600 .
- the interposing shield 100 helps reduce the alpha particles that are generated by the ceramic substrate 1010 and enter the semiconductor chip 600 .
- the interposing shield 100 also helps reduce the alpha particles that are generated by the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b (i.e. Pb).
- the thickness 114 of the interposing shield 100 is sufficiently large such that at least a pre-specified percentage of alpha particles entering the interposing shield 100 from the ceramic substrate 1010 do not pass through the interposing shield 100 so as to reach the semiconductor chip 600 .
- the thickness 114 of the interposing shield 100 is essentially the depth 113 ( FIG. 1A ) of the annular trenches 112 a and 112 b of FIG. 1A .
- the thickness 114 of the silicon interposing shield 100 is also around 50-70 ⁇ m and therefore is sufficiently thick to prevent most of the alpha particles generated by the ceramic substrate 1010 from entering the semiconductor chip 600 .
- annular electric conductors 410 a and 410 b provide electric paths from the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b to the devices (not shown) of the semiconductor chip 600 (via the electric pads 510 a , 622 a and electric pad 510 b , 622 b , respectively).
- the annular shape is chosen for the electric conductors 410 a and 410 b so as to save metal material during the step of filling the trenches 112 a and 112 b ( FIG. 3 ) to form the electric conductors 410 a and 410 b .
- the trenches 112 a and 112 b FIG.
- the trenches 112 a and 112 b ( FIG. 3 ) are filled fast, the excess metal outside the trenches 112 a and 112 b ( FIG. 3 ) are less, and therefore, the ensuing removal of the excess metal becomes easier.
- the trenches 112 a and 112 b ( FIG. 3 ) can have any shape and size.
- solder bumps 910 a and 910 b may comprise a tin-lead alloy which itself generates alpha particles. Because the interposing shield 100 is sandwiched between the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b and the semiconductor chip 600 , the interposing shield 100 also helps reduce the alpha particles that enter the semiconductor chip 600 from the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b.
- the structure 700 comprises a dielectric layer (not shown) that electrically insulates the electric chip pads 920 a and 920 b from the silicon region of the silicon layer 110 such that there is no electrically conducting path between the electric chip pads 920 a and 920 b through the silicon region of the silicon layer 110 .
- N there are two trenches 112 a and 112 b ( FIG. 1A ) formed.
- N there can be N trenches formed, wherein N is a positive integer.
- N solder bumps (like the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b ) electrically connected one-to-one to N electric pads (like the electric pad 510 a , 622 a and 510 b , 622 b ) through N electric conductors (like the electric conductors 410 a and 410 b ).
- metal regions 1110 a , 1110 b , and 1110 c are formed in the semiconductor regions of the interposing shield 100 such that the metal regions are electrically insulated from the electric conductors 410 a and 410 b .
- the interposing shield 100 with such embedded copper regions performs better in preventing alpha particles from reaching the semiconductor chip 600 .
- the copper regions can be formed by creating trenches (not shown) similar to the trenches 112 a and 112 b ( FIG. 1A ) and filling these trenches with copper.
- a metal (e.g., copper) layer 1210 may be formed on the bottom side of the structure 700 of FIG. 8 . Then, the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b are formed as described above. Additional conventional fabrication steps are needed after the copper layer is formed and before the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b are formed so that the copper layer is sandwiched between, and electrically insulated from, the electric conductors 410 a and 410 b and the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b . The resulting structure 700 is shown in FIG. 12 .
- the interposing shield 100 with the copper layer performs better in preventing alpha particles from reaching the semiconductor chip 600 .
- a dielectric layer (not shown) electrically insulates the copper layer 1210 from the silicon regions of the silicon interposing shield 100 .
- the thickness of the copper layer 1210 is about one third of the thickness of the silicon interposing shield 100 .
- the thickness of the copper layer 1210 is less than 15 ⁇ m and the silicon interposing shield 100 has a thickness in a range of 30 ⁇ m-70 cm. If the thickness of the copper layer 1210 is increased, the thickness of the silicon interposing shield 100 can be reduced. This means that the depth 113 ( FIG.
- the copper layer has a thickness in a range of 10 ⁇ m-15 ⁇ m, which is sufficient by itself in blocking alpha particles, and therefore, the thickness of the silicon interposing shield 100 can be less than 1 ⁇ m or even zero (i.e., silicon interposing shield 100 can be omitted).
- the silicon regions of the semiconductor interposing shield 100 are doped with boron atoms (using, illustratively, ion implantation). This enhances the capability of the semiconductor interposing shield 100 in preventing cosmic thermal neutrons from passing through the semiconductor interposing shield 100 and reach the semiconductor chip 600 .
- the cosmic thermal neutrons undergo reactions with the B that emit ⁇ 2 MeV alpha particles. Therefore it is advantageous to have this B doped region on the top of the Si interposer layer (on the opposite side from the semiconductor device).
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Abstract
Description
- 1. Technical Field
- The present invention relates to integrated circuit packaging, and more specifically, to using alpha particle shields in integrated circuit packaging.
- 2. Related Art
- In flip-chip technologies, solder bumps are typically formed on top of a semiconductor chip (i.e., integrated circuit IC). Each solder bump is formed directly on a bond pad of the chip. Then the chip is flipped face down and then aligned to a package/substrate so that the solder bumps are bonded directly, simultaneously, and one-to-one to the pads of the package/substrate (called package/substrate pads). However, for ceramic substrates, alpha particles (large subatomic fragments consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons) continuously emit from the substrate and enter the chip resulting in a large number of soft errors in the chip during the normal operation of the chip. Alpha particles are also generated from 210Pb contained in the solder bumps.
- Therefore, there is a need for a structure (and a method for forming the same) that reduces the number of alpha particles that enter the chip.
- The present invention provides a structure, comprising (a) an integrated circuit including N chip electric pads, wherein N is a positive integer, and wherein the N chip electric pads are electrically connected to a plurality of devices on the integrated circuit; (b) N solder bumps corresponding to the N chip electric pads; (c) a semiconductor interposing shield sandwiched between the integrated circuit and the N solder bumps; and (d) N electric conductors (i) passing through the semiconductor interposing shield and (ii) electrically connecting the N solder bumps to the N chip electric pads.
- The present invention also provides a structure, comprising (a) an integrated circuit including N chip electric pads, wherein N is a positive integer, and wherein the N chip electric pads are electrically connected to a plurality of devices on the integrated circuit; (b) N solder bumps corresponding to the N chip electric pads; (c) a semiconductor interposing shield sandwiched between the integrated circuit and the N solder bumps, wherein the semiconductor interposing shield has a thickness of at least 50 μm; (d) N electric conductors (i) passing through the semiconductor interposing shield and (ii) electrically connecting the N solder bumps to the N chip electric pads; and (e) a ceramic substrate including N substrate pads, wherein the N solder bumps are bonded to the N substrate pads.
- The present invention also provides a structure fabrication method, comprising providing an integrated circuit including N chip electric pads, wherein N is a positive integer, and wherein the N chip electric pads are electrically connected to a plurality of devices on the integrated circuit; providing an interposing shield having a top side and a bottom side and having N electric conductors in the interposing shield, wherein the N electric conductors are exposed to a surrounding ambient at the top side but not being exposed to the surrounding ambient at the bottom side; bonding the integrated circuit to the top side of the interposing shield such that the N chip electric pads are in electrical contact with the N electric conductors; polishing the bottom side of the interposing shield so as to expose the N electric conductors to the surrounding ambient at the bottom side of the interposing shield after said bonding the integrated circuit to the top side is performed; and forming N solder bumps on the polished bottom side of the interposing shield and in electrical contact with the N electric conductors.
- The present invention also provides a structure fabrication method, comprising providing an integrated circuit including N chip electric pads, wherein N is a positive integer, and wherein the N chip electric pads are electrically connected to a plurality of devices on the integrated circuit; providing a semiconductor interposing shield having a top side and a bottom side and having N electric conductors in the semiconductor shield, wherein the N electric conductors are exposed to a surrounding ambient at the top side but not being exposed to the surrounding ambient at the bottom side; bonding the integrated circuit to the top side of the semiconductor interposing shield such that the N chip electric pads are in electrical contact with the N electric conductors; polishing the bottom side of the semiconductor interposing shield so as to expose the N electric conductors to the surrounding ambient at the bottom side of the semiconductor interposing shield after said bonding the integrated circuit to the top side is performed; forming N solder bumps on the polished bottom side of the semiconductor interposing shield and in electrical contact with the N electric conductors; after said forming the N solder bumps is performed, bonding a ceramic substrate that includes N substrate pads such that the N substrate pads are bonded to the N solder bumps, wherein the semiconductor interposing shield comprises essentially only silicon, and wherein the semiconductor interposing shield has a thickness of at least 50 μm after said polishing the bottom side is performed.
- The present invention provides a structure (and a method for forming the same) that reduces the number of alpha particles that enter the chip.
-
FIGS. 1-10 show the fabrication process for forming a structure, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. -
FIGS. 1-10 show the fabrication process for forming a structure 700 (FIG. 10 ), in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, with reference toFIG. 1A , in one embodiment, the fabrication process starts out with aninterposing shield 100 that comprises a semiconductor (e.g., silicon, germanium)layer 110. Next, in one embodiment,annular trenches semiconductor layer 110. Illustratively, theannular trenches annular trenches depth 113 of around 50-70 μm.FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of theinterposing shield 100 ofFIG. 1A . - Next, with reference to
FIG. 2 , in one embodiment, adielectric film 210 is formed on exposed-to-ambient silicon surfaces of theinterposing shield 100 ofFIG. 1A . As a result, thedielectric film 210 forms on, among other places, bottom walls and side walls of theannular trenches interposing shield 100 ofFIG. 1 can be thermally oxidized so as to form silicon dioxide resulting in thedielectric film 210. - Next, with reference to
FIG. 3 , in one embodiment, an electrically conductinglayer 310 is formed on top of the interposingshield 100 ofFIG. 2 so as to completely fill theannular trenches layer 310 comprises a metal (such as copper Cu) and is formed by CVD (chemical vapor deposition), ALD (atomic layer deposition), or electrochemical plating of the metal (i.e., Cu). It should be noted that if the metal used for the electrically conductinglayer 310 is tungsten (W), a seed layer (not shown) of Ti or TiN needs to be formed first on top of the interposingshield 100 ofFIG. 2 by PVD, CVD or ALD to serve as nuclei for the ensuing growth of tungsten to form the W electrically conductinglayer 310. Likewise, it should be noted that if the metal used for the electrically conductinglayer 310 is copper (Cu), a seed layer (not shown) of TaN, Ta and Cu needs to be formed first on top of theinterposing shield 100 ofFIG. 2 by PVD, CVD or ALD to serve as nuclei for the ensuing growth of copper to form the Cu electrically conductinglayer 310. - Next, in one embodiment, a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) step is performed on
top surfaces 320 of theinterposing shield 100 ofFIG. 3 until thedielectric film 210 is exposed to the surrounding ambient. The resultinginterposing shield 100 is shown inFIG. 4 (without the top layer 420). What remains of the electrically conductinglayer 310 after the CMP step resides in theannular trenches electric conductors FIG. 4 ). - Next, with reference to
FIG. 4 , in one embodiment, adielectric layer 420 is formed on top of thedielectric film 210 and in contact with the annularelectric conductors dielectric layer 420 comprises silicon dioxide and is formed by CVD of silicon dioxide. - Next, with reference to
FIG. 5 , in one embodiment,electric pads oxide layer 420 and in direct physical contact with the annularelectric conductors electric pads electric pads oxide layer 420 using a conventional lithographic process. Next, copper is deposited (e.g., by electroplating) to fill the trenches. Finally, excess copper outside the trenches is removed by a CMP step resulting in theelectric pads FIG. 5 . - Next, in one embodiment, the
oxide layer 420 is recessed so that itstop surface 422 is lower than thetop surfaces 512 of theelectric pads FIG. 6 . In one embodiment, theoxide layer 420 is recessed by several thousand A to 0.5 μm. Illustratively, theoxide layer 420 is recessed by a wet etch using a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution (HF). - Next, with reference to
FIG. 6 , in one embodiment, theinterposing shield 100 is aligned with a semiconductor chip (integrated circuit IC) 600 such that theelectric pads semiconductor chip 600 are aligned with theelectric pads interposing shield 100, respectively. In one embodiment, thesemiconductor chip 600 is fabricated separately from the fabrication of theinterposing shield 100. Illustratively, thesemiconductor chip 600 comprises adevice region 610 and a back-end-of-line (BEOL)region 620. Thedevice region 610 can comprise devices such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors (not shown). The (BEOL)region 620 can comprise electrically conducting lines (not shown) running in a dielectric material so as to (i) electrically connect the devices of thedevice region 610 together and (ii) electrically connect the devices of thedevice region 610 to theelectric pads - Next, with reference to
FIG. 7 , in one embodiment, theinterposing shield 100 and thechip 600 are bonded together to form astructure 700 such that theelectric pads FIG. 6 ) merge together to form anelectric pad electric pads FIG. 6 ) merge together to form anelectric pad - Next, with reference to
FIG. 8 , in one embodiment, the bottom side of thestructure 700 is polished until the annularelectric conductors structure 700 is mechanically ground by a mechanical grinding process only. Alternatively, the bottom side of thestructure 700 is ground down by a mechanical grinding process until the annularelectric conductors structure 700 so as to expose the annularelectric conductors - Next, with reference to
FIG. 9 , in one embodiment,solder bumps structure 700 and in electrical contact with the annularelectric conductors structure 700 is shown inFIG. 9 . Thesolder bumps electric conductors electric chip pads electric chip pads aluminum chip pads structure 700 is covered by apolyimide layer 930 which is a dielectric material. - Next, with reference to
FIG. 10 , in one embodiment, aceramic substrate 1010 is bonded with thestructure 700 such thatsubstrate pads ceramic substrate 1010 are bonded with the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b, respectively. Illustratively, thesubstrate pads - Next, in one embodiment, the
structure 700 is placed in a package (not shown) having package pins (not shown) that are electrically connected to thesubstrate pads - In summary, with reference to
FIG. 10 , the interposingshield 100 is sandwiched between theceramic substrate 1010 and thesemiconductor chip 600. As a result, the interposingshield 100 helps reduce the alpha particles that are generated by theceramic substrate 1010 and enter thesemiconductor chip 600. The interposingshield 100 also helps reduce the alpha particles that are generated by the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b (i.e. Pb). - In one embodiment, the
thickness 114 of the interposingshield 100 is sufficiently large such that at least a pre-specified percentage of alpha particles entering the interposingshield 100 from theceramic substrate 1010 do not pass through the interposingshield 100 so as to reach thesemiconductor chip 600. - It should be noted that the
thickness 114 of the interposingshield 100 is essentially the depth 113 (FIG. 1A ) of theannular trenches FIG. 1A . As a result, with the depth 113 (FIG. 1A ) of around 50-70 μm, thethickness 114 of thesilicon interposing shield 100 is also around 50-70 μm and therefore is sufficiently thick to prevent most of the alpha particles generated by theceramic substrate 1010 from entering thesemiconductor chip 600. - It should also be noted that the annular
electric conductors electric pads electric pad electric conductors trenches FIG. 3 ) to form theelectric conductors trenches FIG. 3 ) are filled fast, the excess metal outside thetrenches FIG. 3 ) are less, and therefore, the ensuing removal of the excess metal becomes easier. In general, thetrenches FIG. 3 ) can have any shape and size. - It should be noted that the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b may comprise a tin-lead alloy which itself generates alpha particles. Because the interposing
shield 100 is sandwiched between the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b and thesemiconductor chip 600, the interposingshield 100 also helps reduce the alpha particles that enter thesemiconductor chip 600 from the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b. - In one embodiment, the
structure 700 comprises a dielectric layer (not shown) that electrically insulates theelectric chip pads silicon layer 110 such that there is no electrically conducting path between theelectric chip pads silicon layer 110. - In the embodiments above, there are two
trenches FIG. 1A ) formed. In general, there can be N trenches formed, wherein N is a positive integer. As a result, there are N solder bumps (like the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b) electrically connected one-to-one to N electric pads (like theelectric pad electric conductors - In one embodiment, with reference to
FIG. 11 , metal (e.g., copper)regions shield 100 such that the metal regions are electrically insulated from theelectric conductors shield 100 with such embedded copper regions performs better in preventing alpha particles from reaching thesemiconductor chip 600. Illustratively, the copper regions can be formed by creating trenches (not shown) similar to thetrenches FIG. 1A ) and filling these trenches with copper. - In one embodiment, a metal (e.g., copper) layer 1210 (
FIG. 12 ) may be formed on the bottom side of thestructure 700 ofFIG. 8 . Then, the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b are formed as described above. Additional conventional fabrication steps are needed after the copper layer is formed and before the solder bumps 910 a and 910 b are formed so that the copper layer is sandwiched between, and electrically insulated from, theelectric conductors structure 700 is shown inFIG. 12 . Because copper is better than silicon in absorbing alpha particles, the interposingshield 100 with the copper layer performs better in preventing alpha particles from reaching thesemiconductor chip 600. It should be noted that a dielectric layer (not shown) electrically insulates thecopper layer 1210 from the silicon regions of thesilicon interposing shield 100. In one embodiment, the thickness of thecopper layer 1210 is about one third of the thickness of thesilicon interposing shield 100. In one embodiment, the thickness of thecopper layer 1210 is less than 15 μm and thesilicon interposing shield 100 has a thickness in a range of 30 μm-70 cm. If the thickness of thecopper layer 1210 is increased, the thickness of thesilicon interposing shield 100 can be reduced. This means that the depth 113 (FIG. 1A ) of thetrenches FIG. 1A ) can be reduced. In one embodiment, the copper layer has a thickness in a range of 10 μm-15 μm, which is sufficient by itself in blocking alpha particles, and therefore, the thickness of thesilicon interposing shield 100 can be less than 1 μm or even zero (i.e.,silicon interposing shield 100 can be omitted). - In one embodiment, the silicon regions of the
semiconductor interposing shield 100 are doped with boron atoms (using, illustratively, ion implantation). This enhances the capability of thesemiconductor interposing shield 100 in preventing cosmic thermal neutrons from passing through thesemiconductor interposing shield 100 and reach thesemiconductor chip 600. The cosmic thermal neutrons undergo reactions with the B that emit <2 MeV alpha particles. Therefore it is advantageous to have this B doped region on the top of the Si interposer layer (on the opposite side from the semiconductor device). - While particular embodiments of the present invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, many modifications and changes will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to encompass all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/211,116 US20070045844A1 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2005-08-24 | Alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
US12/200,352 US8247271B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2008-08-28 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
US13/533,182 US8928145B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2012-06-26 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
US14/519,235 US9299665B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2014-10-21 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
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US11/211,116 US20070045844A1 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2005-08-24 | Alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
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US12/200,352 Division US8247271B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2008-08-28 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
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US12/200,352 Active 2028-02-27 US8247271B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2008-08-28 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
US13/533,182 Active US8928145B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2012-06-26 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
US14/519,235 Active US9299665B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2014-10-21 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
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US12/200,352 Active 2028-02-27 US8247271B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2008-08-28 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
US13/533,182 Active US8928145B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2012-06-26 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
US14/519,235 Active US9299665B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2014-10-21 | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
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US20090039515A1 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ionizing radiation blocking in ic chip to reduce soft errors |
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US20090261458A1 (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-10-22 | Han Jun Bae | Through-electrode, circuit board having a through-electrode, semiconductor package having a through-electrode, and stacked semiconductor package having the semiconductor chip or package having a through-electrode |
US20140061907A1 (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-06 | Sk Hynix Inc | Semiconductor device and method for forming the same |
US20140175653A1 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2014-06-26 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Semiconductor devices comprising interconnect structures and methods of fabrication |
US8928145B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2015-01-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Formation of alpha particle shields in chip packaging |
US20160365335A1 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2016-12-15 | Bryan Black | Semiconductor chip with redundant thru-silicon-vias |
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US10784200B2 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2020-09-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ionizing radiation blocking in IC chip to reduce soft errors |
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US20160365335A1 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2016-12-15 | Bryan Black | Semiconductor chip with redundant thru-silicon-vias |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120267768A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
US8247271B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
US20080318365A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
US9299665B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
US20150171023A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
US8928145B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
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