US20070009536A1

US20070009536A1 - Novel MAdCAM antibodies

Info

Publication number: US20070009536A1
Application number: US11/484,456
Authority: US
Inventors: Nicholas Pullen
Original assignee: Pfizer Inc
Current assignee: Pfizer Inc
Priority date: 2005-07-08
Filing date: 2006-07-10
Publication date: 2007-01-11
Also published as: US20110165167A1; TW200740844A; WO2007007173A2; JP2009500390A; NL1032132C2; AR054539A1; WO2007007173A3; PE20070374A1; US20090214558A1; EP1904531B1; US7935794B2; ES2351057T3; DOP2006000162A; CA2614314A1; EP1904531A2; DE602006017373D1; GT200600297A; UY29653A1; ATE483732T1; NL1032132A1

Abstract

The invention provides new, improved anti-MAdCAM antibodies. Uses of these antibodies in medicine are also included, in particular for the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Description

This application claims priority, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/697,453, filed Jul. 8, 2005.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an improved human antibody specific for Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors. It is one of the adhesion molecules involved in the recruitment of lymphocytes to tissues when required, by means of interacting with an integrin molecule on the surface of the lymphocytes.
It has been shown that antibodies that inhibit binding of MAdCAM to its integrin binding partner, α₄β₇, for example anti-MAdCAM antibodies (e.g. MECA-367; U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,919, U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,724) or anti-α₄β₇antibodies (e.g. Act-1; U.S. Pat. No. 6,551,593 or humanised Act-1, also called MLN02, described in WO 01/78779), can inhibit leukocyte extravasation into inflamed intestine, and can therefore be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Anti-MAdCAM antibodies such as MECA-367, however, are not therapeutically useful in human patients; MECA-367 binds mouse MAdCAM, and does not show much affinity for the human MAdCAM molecule. In addition, being a rat antibody, it will lead to an immune response in human patients and therefore not be suitable for therapeutic use. Mouse monoclonal antibodies, directed against human MAdCAM have been described (WO 96/24673), but these are also likely to be immunogenic in humans. Recently, therapeutically useful, fully human anti-human MAdCAM antibodies with exquisite specificity and affinity to human and primate MAdCAM have been developed and disclosed in WO2005/067620.
It is known that even fully human antibodies can still lead to an immune response in some patients, which is likely to be due to sequences in the variable region of the antibody. The antibodies of the present invention are modifications of the human anti-MAdCAM antibodies disclosed in WO2005/067620, which are likely to be even less prone to any immunogenicity problems in human patients.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 6.22.2-mod_V (SEQ ID NO: 2).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the light chain of 6.34.2-mod_SSQ, 6.34.2-mod_QT, or 6.34.2-mod_SSQ,QT (SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the light chain of 6.67.1-mod_Y, 6.67.1-mod_TΔP, or 6.67.1-mod_Y,TΔP (SEQ ID NOs: 16, 18, 20).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 6.77.1-mod_ΔS (SEQ ID NO: 22).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the light chain of 7.16.6_V, 7.16.6_S, or 7.16.6_VS (SEQ ID NOs: 30, 32, 34).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 7.16.6_L (SEQ ID NO: 28).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the light chain of 7.16.6_V, 7.16.6_S, or 7.16.6_VS (SEQ ID NOs: 30, 32, 34) and the variable region of the heavy chain of 7.16.6_L (SEQ ID NO: 28).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 9.8.2_ΔRGAYH,D (SEQ ID NO: 36).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, comprising the variable region of the light chain of 9.8.2-mod (SEQ ID NO: 38).
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, wherein the antibody is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3;
(b) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NOs: 7, 9 or 11;
(c) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NOs: 15, 17, or 19;
(d) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 23;
(e) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 25 or 27 and SEQ ID NOs: 29, 31, or 33; or
(f) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35 and SEQ ID NO: 37.
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, wherein the antibody is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4, without the signal sequences;
(b) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, or 12, without the signal sequences;
(c) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 18, or 20, without the signal sequences;
(d) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 and SEQ ID NO: 24, without the signal sequences;
(e) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 26 or 28 and SEQ ID NOs: 30, 32 or 34, without the signal sequences; or
(f) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36 and SEQ ID NO: 38, without the signal sequences.
Another aspect of the invention is a monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, wherein said antibody comprises:
(a) a heavy chain of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, without the signal sequences.
(b) a heavy chain of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 and the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 8,10, or 12, without the signal sequences.
(c) a heavy chain of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 and the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 16, 18, or 20, without the signal sequences.
(d) a heavy chain of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24, without the signal sequences.
(e) a heavy chain of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 26 or 28 and the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 30, 32 or 34, without the signal sequences.
(f) a heavy chain of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 and the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, without the signal sequences.
Another aspect of the invention is a human monoclonal antibody of the invention, wherein the heavy chain C-terminal lysine is cleaved.
Another aspect of the invention is a human monoclonal antibody of the invention, which is an IgG₂isotype. A further aspect of the invention is a human monoclonal antibody of the invention, which is an IgG₄isotype. A further aspect of the invention is a human monoclonal antibody of the invention which comprises a κ light chain. A further aspect of the invention is a human monoclonal antibody of the invention which comprises a λ light chain. A preferred aspect of the invention is a human monoclonal antibody of the invention which is an IgG₂isotype with a κ light chain.
Another aspect of the invention is a vector comprising any of the sequences of the variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, or 37 or any of the sequences encoding the variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 or 38. A further aspect of the invention is a host cell comprising any of the sequences of the variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 or 37, or any of the sequences encoding the variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 or 38. The host cell can be a bacterium such as E. coli, a yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Pichia pistoris, a plant cell, an insect cell, or a mammalian cell. More preferably, the host cell is a mammalian cell. Most preferably, the host cell is a CHO cell or NS0 cell.
Another aspect of the invention is a method of producing the antibody of the invention, comprising culturing a host cell comprising any of the sequences of the variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 or 37, or any of the sequences encoding the variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 or 38, under conditions in which the antibody is expressed, and recovering the antibody from the host cell or its culture supernatant.
Another aspect of the invention is a transgenic animal or a transgenic plant, comprising any of the sequences of the variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 or 37, or any of the sequences encoding the variable regions of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 or 38.
One aspect of the invention is the use of the antibodies of the invention or an antigen-binding portion thereof for use as a medicament. Another aspect of the invention is the use of the antibodies of the invention or an antigen-binding portion thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of conditions involving MAdCAM-mediated adhesion of leukocytes. Another aspect of the invention is the use of the antibodies of the invention or an antigen-binding portion thereof for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, such as but not limited to inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract including inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis; diverticula disease, gastritis, liver disease, primary sclerosis, sclerosing cholangitis. Inflammatory diseases also include but are not limited to abdominal disease (including peritonitis, appendicitis, biliary tract disease), acute transverse myelitis, allergic dermatitis (including allergic skin, allergic eczema, skin atopy, atopic eczema, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous inflammation, inflammatory eczema, inflammatory dermatitis, flea skin, miliary dermatitis, miliary eczema, house dust mite skin), ankylosing spondylitis (Reiters syndrome), asthma, airway inflammation, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, biliary atresia, bladder inflammation, breast cancer, cardiovascular inflammation (including vasculitis, rheumatoid nail-fold infarcts, leg ulcers, polymyositis, chronic vascular inflammation, pericarditis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), pancreatitis, including chronic pancreatitis, perineural inflammation, coeliac disease, colitis (including amoebic colitis, infective colitis, bacterial colitis, Crohn's colitis, ischemic colitis, ulcerative colitis, idiopathic proctocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, pseudomembranous colitis), chloroma, collagen vascular disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, progressive systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, diabetes mellitus), Crohn's disease (regional enteritis, granulomatous ileitis, ileocolitis, digestive system inflammation), demyelinating disease (including myelitis, multiple sclerosis, disseminated sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, perivenous demyelination, vitamin B12 deficiency, Guillain-Barre syndrome, MS-associated retrovirus), dermatomyositis, diverticulitis, emphysema, exudative diarrhea, fever in immunocompromised patients, gastritis, granulomatous hepatitis, granulomatous inflammation, cholecystitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, liver inflammatory diseases (liver fibrosis including but not limited to Hepatitis C-induced liver damage, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatitis, sclerosing cholangitis), lung inflammation (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, eosinophilic granuloma of the lung, pulmonary histiocytosis X, peribronchiolar inflammation, acute bronchitis), lymphogranuloma venereum, malignant melanoma, mouth/tooth disease (including gingivitis, periodontal disease), metastatic cancers, mucositis, musculoskeletal system inflammation (myositis), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), ocular & orbital inflammation (including uveitis, optic neuritis, peripheral rheumatoid ulceration, peripheral corneal inflammation,), osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, pharyngeal inflammation, polyarthritis, proctitis, psoriasis, radiation injury, sarcoidosis, sickle cell necropathy, superficial thrombophlebitis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, thyroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, tropical sprue, graft versus host disease, acute burn injury, Behcet's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, uterine disorders such as endometriosis, dysmenorrhea or pelvic inflammatory disease. Preferably, the antibodies of the invention are used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, graft versus host disease, liver fibrosis, uveitis. Even more preferably, the antibodies of the invention are used for the treatment is of inflammatory bowel disease.
Another aspect of the invention is a method of treatment of a condition mentioned above, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody of the invention.
Another aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody of the invention or an antigen-binding portion thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A nucleic acid molecule encoding the entire heavy chain of an anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention may be constructed by fusing a nucleic acid molecule encoding the entire variable domain of a heavy chain or an antigen-binding domain thereof with a constant domain of a heavy chain. Similarly, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the light chain of an anti-MAdCAM antibody may be constructed by fusing a nucleic acid molecule encoding the variable domain of a light chain or an antigen-binding domain thereof with a constant domain of a light chain. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the VH and VL regions may be converted to full-length antibody genes by inserting them into expression vectors already encoding heavy chain constant and light chain constant regions, respectively, such that the VH segment is operatively linked to the heavy chain constant region (CH) segment(s) within the vector and the VL segment is operatively linked to the light chain constant region (CL) segment within the vector. Alternatively, the nucleic acid molecules encoding the VH or VL chains are converted into full-length antibody genes by linking, e.g., ligating, the nucleic acid molecule encoding a VH chain to a nucleic acid molecule encoding a CH chain using standard molecular biological techniques. The same may be achieved using nucleic acid molecules encoding VL and CL chains. The sequences of human heavy and light chain constant region genes are known in the art. See, e.g., Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed., NIH Publ. No. 91-3242 (1991). Nucleic acid molecules encoding the full-length heavy and/or light chains may then be expressed from a cell into which they have been introduced and the anti-MAdCAM antibody isolated.
A nucleic acid molecule encoding either the heavy chain of an anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention or an antigen-binding portion thereof, or the light chain of an anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention or an antigen-binding portion thereof may be prepared, for example, by synthesizing appropriate nucleic acids using the sequence information provided herein, and splicing them together with the desired constant regions of immunoglobulin genes. The skilled person will be well aware of the appropriate methods.
The nucleic acid molecules may be used to recombinantly express large quantities of anti-MAdCAM antibodies, as described below. The nucleic acid molecules may also be used to produce chimeric antibodies, single chain antibodies, immunoadhesins, diabodies, mutated antibodies and antibody derivatives, as described further below. If the nucleic acid molecules are derived from a non-human, non-transgenic animal, the nucleic acid molecules may be used for antibody humanization, also as described below.
The invention provides vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules of the invention that encode the heavy chain or the antigen-binding portion thereof. The invention also provides vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules of the invention that encode the light chain or antigen-binding portion thereof. The invention also provides vectors comprising nucleic acid molecules encoding fusion proteins, modified antibodies, antibody fragments, and probes thereof.
To express the antibodies, or antibody portions used in the invention, DNAs encoding partial or full-length light and heavy chains, obtained as described above, are inserted into expression vectors such that the genes are operatively linked to transcriptional and translational control sequences. Expression vectors include plasmids, retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses (AAV), plant viruses such as cauliflower mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, cosmids, YACs, EBV derived episomes, and the like. The antibody gene is ligated into a vector such that transcriptional and translational control sequences within the vector serve their intended function of regulating the transcription and translation of the antibody gene. The expression vector and expression control sequences are chosen to be compatible with the expression host cell used. The antibody light chain gene and the antibody heavy chain gene can be inserted into separate vector. In a preferred embodiment, both genes are inserted into the same expression vector. The antibody genes are inserted into the expression vector by standard methods (e.g., ligation of complementary restriction sites on the antibody gene fragment and vector, or blunt end ligation if no restriction sites are present).
A convenient vector is one that encodes a functionally complete human CH or CL immunoglobulin sequence, with appropriate restriction sites engineered so that any VH or VL sequence can be easily inserted and expressed, as described above. In such vectors, splicing usually occurs between the splice donor site in the inserted J region and the splice acceptor site preceding the human C region, and also at the splice regions that occur within the human CH exons. Polyadenylation and transcription termination occur at native chromosomal sites downstream of the coding regions. The recombinant expression vector can also encode a signal peptide that facilitates secretion of the antibody chain from a host cell. The antibody chain gene may be cloned into the vector such that the signal peptide is linked in-frame to the amino terminus of the antibody chain gene. The signal peptide can be an immunoglobulin signal peptide or a heterologous signal peptide (i.e., a signal peptide from a non-immunoglobulin protein).
In addition to the antibody chain genes, the recombinant expression vectors of the invention carry regulatory sequences that control the expression of the antibody chain genes in a host cell. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the design of the expression vector, including the selection of regulatory sequences may depend on such factors as the choice of the host cell to be transformed, the level of expression of protein desired, etc. Preferred regulatory sequences for mammalian host cell expression include viral elements that direct high levels of protein expression in mammalian cells, such as promoters and/or enhancers derived from retroviral LTRs, cytomegalovirus (CMV) (such as the CMV promoter/enhancer), Simian Virus 40 (SV40) (such as the SV40 promoter/enhancer), adenovirus, (e.g., the adenovirus major late promoter (AdMLP)), polyoma and strong mammalian promoters such as native immunoglobulin and actin promoters. For further description of viral regulatory elements, and sequences thereof, see e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,168,062, 4,510,245, and 4,968,615, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Methods for expressing antibodies in plants, including a description of promoters and vectors, as well as transformation of plants are known in the art. See, e.g, U.S. Pat. No. 6,517,529. Methods of expressing polypeptides in bacterial cells or fungal cells, e.g., yeast cells, are also well known in the art.
In addition to the antibody chain genes and regulatory sequences, the recombinant expression vectors used in the invention may carry additional sequences, such as sequences that regulate replication of the vector in host cells (e.g., origins of replication) and selectable marker genes. The selectable marker gene facilitates selection of host cells into which the vector has been introduced (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,216, 4,634,665 and 5,179,017). For example, typically the selectable marker gene confers resistance to drugs, such as G418, hygromycin or methotrexate, on a host cell into which the vector has been introduced. Preferred selectable marker genes include the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene (for use in dhfr⁻ host cells with methotrexate selection/amplification) and the neo gene (for G418 selection), and the glutamate synthetase gene.
Nucleic acid molecules encoding the heavy chain or an antigen-binding portion thereof and/or the light chain or an antigen-binding portion thereof of an anti-MAdCAM antibody, and vectors comprising these nucleic acid molecules, can be used for transformation of a suitable mammalian plant, bacterial or yeast host cell. Transformation can be by any known method for introducing polynucleotides into a host cell. Methods for introduction of heterologous polynucleotides into mammalian cells are well known in the art and include dextran-mediated transfection, calcium phosphate precipitation, polybrene-mediated transfection, protoplast fusion, electroporation, encapsulation of the polynucleotide(s) in liposomes, biolistic injection and direct microinjection of the DNA into nuclei. In addition, nucleic acid molecules may be introduced into mammalian cells by viral vectors. Methods of transforming cells are well known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,216, 4,912,040, 4,740,461, and 4,959,455 (which patents are hereby incorporated herein by reference). Methods of transforming plant cells are well known in the art, including, e.g., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistic transformation, direct injection, electroporation and viral transformation. Methods of transforming bacterial and yeast cells are also well known in the art.
Mammalian cell lines available as hosts for expression are well known in the art and include many immortalized cell lines available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). These include, inter alia, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NSO, SP2 cells, HEK-293T cells, NIH-3T3 cells, HeLa cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, monkey kidney cells (COS), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (e.g., Hep G2), A549 cells, 3T3 cells, and a number of other cell lines. Mammalian host cells include human, mouse, rat, dog, monkey, pig, goat, bovine, horse and hamster cells. Cell lines of particular preference are selected through determining which cell lines have high expression levels. Other cell lines that may be used are insect cell lines, such as Sf9 cells, amphibian cells, bacterial cells, plant cells and fungal cells. When recombinant expression vectors encoding the heavy chain or antigen-binding portion thereof, the light chain and/or antigen-binding portion thereof are introduced into mammalian host cells, the antibodies are produced by culturing the host cells for a period of time sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody in the host cells or, more preferably, secretion of the antibody into the culture medium in which the host cells are grown. Antibodies can be recovered from the culture medium using standard protein purification methods. Plant host cells include, e.g., Nicotiana, Arabidopsis, duckweed, corn, wheat, potato, etc. Bacterial host cells include E. coli and Streptomyces species. Yeast host cells include Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris.
Further, expression of antibodies used in the invention (or other moieties therefrom) from production cell lines can be enhanced using a number of known techniques. For example, the glutamine synthetase gene expression system (the GS system) is a common approach for enhancing expression under certain conditions. The GS system is discussed in whole or part in connection with European Patent Nos. 0 216 846, 0 256 055, 0 338 841 and 0 323 997.
It is likely that antibodies expressed by different cell lines or in transgenic animals will have different glycosylation from each other. However, all antibodies encoded by the nucleic acid molecules provided herein, or comprising the amino acid sequences provided herein are part of the instant invention, regardless of the glycosylation of the antibodies.
Transgenic non-human animals and transgenic plants comprising one or more nucleic acid molecules described above may be used to produce antibodies used in the invention. Antibodies can be produced in and recovered from tissue or bodily fluids, such as milk, blood or urine, of goats, cows, horses, pigs, rats, mice, rabbits, hamsters or other mammals. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,827,690, 5,756,687, 5,750,172, and 5,741,957. As described above, non-human transgenic animals that comprise human immunoglobulin loci can be immunized with MAdCAM or a portion thereof. Methods for making antibodies in plants are described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,046,037 and 5,959,177, incorporated herein by reference.
Non-human transgenic animals and transgenic plants are produced by introducing one or more nucleic acid molecules used in the invention into the animal or plant by standard transgenic techniques. See Hogan, supra. The transgenic cells used for making the transgenic animal can be embryonic stem cells, somatic cells or fertilized egg cells. The transgenic non-human organisms can be chimeric, nonchimeric heterozygotes, and nonchimeric homozygotes. See, e.g., Hogan et al.,, Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual 2ed., Cold Spring Harbor Press (1999); Jackson et al., Mouse Genetics and Transgenics: A Practical Approach, Oxford University Press (2000); and Pinkert, Transgenic Animal Technology: A Laboratory Handbook, Academic Press (1999). The transgenic non-human organisms may have a targeted disruption and replacement that encodes a heavy chain and/or a light chain of interest. The transgenic animals or plants may comprise and express nucleic acid molecules encoding heavy and light chains that combine to bind specifically to MAdCAM, preferably human MAdCAM. The transgenic animals or plants may comprise nucleic acid molecules encoding a modified antibody such as a single-chain antibody, a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody. The anti-MAdCAM antibodies may be made in any transgenic animal. The non-human animals include mice, rats, sheep, pigs, goats, cattle or horses. The non-human transgenic animal expresses said encoded polypeptides in blood, milk, urine, saliva, tears, mucus and other bodily fluids.
Treatment may involve administration of one or more inhibitory anti-MAdCAM monoclonal antibodies of the invention, or antigen-binding fragments thereof, alone or with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Inhibitory anti-MAdCAM antibodies and compositions comprising them, can be administered in combination with one or more other therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic agents. Such additional agents may be included in the same composition or administered separately. Additional therapeutic agents include anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory agents. These agents include, but are not limited to, the topical and oral corticosteroids such as prednisolone, methylprednisolone, NCX-1015 or budesonide; the aminosalicylates such as mesalazine, olsalazine, balsalazide or NCX-456; the class of immunomodulators such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, cyclosporin, FK506, IL-10 (llodecakin), IL-11 (Oprelevkin), IL-12, MIF/CD74 antagonists, CD40 antagonists, such as TNX-100/5-D12, OX40L antagonists, GM-CSF, pimecrolimus or rapamycin; the class of anti-TNFa agents such as infliximab, adalimumab, CDP-870, onercept, etanercept; the class of anti-inflammatory agents, such as PDE-4 inhibitors (roflumilast, etc), TACE inhibitors (DPC-333, RDP-58, etc) and ICE inhibitors (VX-740, etc) as well as IL-2 receptor antagonists, such as daclizumab, the class of selective adhesion molecule antagonists, such as natalizumab, MLN-02, or alicaforsen, classes of analgesic agents such as, but not limited to, COX-2 inhibitors, such as rofecoxib, valdecoxib, celecoxib, P/Q-type voltage sensitive channel (α2δ) modulators, such as gabapentin and pregabalin, NK-1 receptor antagonists, cannabinoid receptor modulators, and delta opioid receptor agonists, as well as anti-neoplastic, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic chemotherapeutic agents, or anti-fibrotic agent including but not limited to protease inhibitors, preferably caspase inhibitors, more preferably the caspase inhibitor is a compound of formula I.
The compound of formula I
wherein A, B, R1 and R2 are as defined below.
wherein
A is a natural or unnatural amino acid of Formula IIa-i:
B is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, substituted 2-oxazolyl, (CH₂)_n-cycloalkyl, (CH₂)_n-phenyl, (CH₂)_n-(substituted phenyl), (CH₂)_n-(1 or 2-naphthyl), (CH₂)_n-(substituted 1 or 2-naphthyl), (CH₂)_n-(heteroaryl), (CH₂)_n-(substituted heteroaryl), halomethyl, CO₂R¹², CONR¹³R¹⁴, CH₂ZR¹⁵, CH₂OCO(aryl), CH₂OCO(heteroaryl), or CH₂OPO(R¹⁶)R¹⁷, where Z is an oxygen or a sulfur atom, or B is a group of the Formula IIIa-c:
R¹is alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, substituted phenylalkyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, (1 or 2 naphthyl)alkyl, substituted (1 or 2 naphthyl)alkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, substituted (heteroaryl)alkyl, R^1a(R^1b)N, or R^1cO; and
R²is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, substituted phenylalkyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, (1 or 2 naphthyl)alkyl, or substituted (1 or 2 naphthyl)alkyl;
And wherein:
R^1aand R^1bare independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, substituted phenylalkyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, (1 or 2 naphthyl)alkyl, substituted (1 or 2 naphthyl)alkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, or substituted (heteroaryl)alkyl, with the proviso that R^1aand R^1bcannot both be hydrogen;
R^1cis alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, substituted phenylalkyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, (1 or 2 naphthyl)alkyl, substituted (1 or 2 naphthyl)alkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, or substituted (heteroaryl)alkyl;
R³is C_1-6alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, (CH₂)_nNH₂, (CH₂)NHCOR⁹, (CH₂)_nN(C═NH)NH₂, (CH₂)_mCO₂R², (CH₂)_mOR¹⁰, (CH₂)_mSR¹¹, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl,(CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl) or (CH₂)_n(heteroaryl), wherein heteroaryl includes pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, tetrazolyl, and indolyl;
R^3ais hydrogen or methyl, or R³and R^3ataken together are —(CH₂)_d— where d is an integer from 2 to 6;
R⁴is phenyl, substituted phenyl, (CH₂)_mphenyl, (CH₂)_m(substituted phenyl), cycloalkyl, or benzofused cycloalkyl;
R⁵is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), or (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl);
R⁶is hydrogen, fluorine, oxo, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl), OR¹⁰, SR¹¹, or NHCOR⁹;
R⁷is hydrogen, oxo (i.e. ═O), lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), or (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl);
R⁸is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), (CH₂)₁(1 or 2-naphthyl), or COR⁹;
R⁹is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl), OR¹², or NR¹³R¹⁴;
R¹⁰is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), or (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl);
R¹¹is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), or (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl);
R¹²is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), or (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl);
R¹³is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, (CH₂)_ncycloalkyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), or (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl);
R¹⁴is hydrogen or lower alkyl; or
R¹³and R¹⁴taken together form a five to seven membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, such as morpholine, or N-substituted piperazine;
R¹⁵is phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, heteroaryl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), (CH₂)_n(1 or 2-naphthyl), or (CH₂)_n(heteroaryl);
R¹⁶or R¹⁷are independently lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, phenylalkyl, substituted phenylalkyl, or (cycloalkyl)alkyl;
R¹⁸and R¹⁹are independently hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl), or R¹⁸and R¹⁹taken together are —(CH═CH)₂—;
R²⁰is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, (CH₂)_nphenyl, (CH₂)_n(substituted phenyl);
R²¹, R²²and R²³are independently hydrogen, or alkyl;
X is CH₂, (CH₂)₂, (CH₂)₃, or S;
Y¹is O or NR²³;
Y²is CH₂, O, or NR²³;
a is 0 or 1 and b is 1 or 2, provided that when a is 1 then b is 1;
c is 1 or 2, provided that when c is 1 then a is 0 and b is 1;
m is 1 or 2; and
n is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
As used herein, the term “alkyl” means a straight or branched C₁to C₁₀carbon chain, such as methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl, iso-propyl, n-octyl, and the like. The term “lower alkyl” means a straight chain or branched C₁to C₆carbon chain, such as methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, and the like.
Depending on the choice of solvent and other conditions known to the skilled person, these compounds may also take the ketal or acetal form, and the use of these forms in the combination of the invention is included in the invention.
These compounds can be prepared as described in WO 00/01666 or in U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,951, hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Preferred subgroups are those listed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,951.
Preferred are compounds selected from:

(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Fluoro-4-Iodophenyl)Oxamy])Valinyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Chlorophenyl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanioc acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Bromophenyl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Fluorophenyl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(1-Anthryl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Tert-Butylphenyl)Oxamyl)Alaninyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)Oxamyl)Alaninyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)Oxamyl)Alaninyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(1-Naphthyl)Oxamyl)Alaninyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(4-Methoxyphenyl)Oxamyl)Alaninyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-4-Oxobutanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-tert-Butylmethylphenyl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-4-Oxobutanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Benzylphenyl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-4-Oxobutanoic acid;
(3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Phenylphenyl)Oxamyl)Valinyl]Amino-4-Oxobutanoic acid.

Most preferably, the compound is (3S)-3-[N—(N′-(2-Tert-Butylphenyl)Oxamyl)Alaninyl]Amino-5-(2′,3′,5′,6′-Tetrafluorophenoxy)-4-Oxopentanoic acid.
As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption enhancing or delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible. Some examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, acetate buffer with sodium chloride, dextrose, glycerol, Polyethylene glycol, ethanol and the like, as well as combinations thereof. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the composition. Additional examples of pharmaceutically acceptable substances are surfactants, wetting agents or minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives or buffers, which enhance the shelf life or effectiveness of the antibody.
The compositions used in this invention may be in a variety of forms, for example, liquid, semi-solid and solid dosage forms, such as liquid solutions (e.g., injectable and infusible solutions), dispersions or suspensions, tablets, pills, lyophilized cake, dry powders, liposomes and suppositories. The preferred form depends on the intended mode of administration and therapeutic application. Typical preferred compositions are in the form of injectable or infusible solutions, such as compositions similar to those used for passive immunization of humans. The preferred mode of administration is parenteral (e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intradermal). In a preferred embodiment, the antibody is administered by intravenous infusion or injection. In another preferred embodiment, the antibody is administered by intramuscular, intradermal or subcutaneous injection. If desired, the antibody may be administered by using a pump, enema, suppository, or indwelling reservoir or such like.
Therapeutic compositions typically must be sterile and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage. The composition can be formulated as a solution, lyophilized cake, dry powder, microemulsion, dispersion, liposome, or other ordered structure suitable to high drug concentration. Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the anti-MAdCAM antibody in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by sterilization. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-drying that yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile solution thereof. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. The desired characteristics of a solution can be maintained, for example, by the use of surfactants and the required particle size in the case of dispersion by the use of surfactants, phospholipids and polymers. Prolonged absorption of injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent that delays absorption, for example, monostearate salts, polymeric materials, oils and gelatin.
The antibodies of the present invention can be administered by a variety of methods known in the art, although for many therapeutic applications, the preferred route/mode of administration is subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal or intravenous infusion. As will be appreciated by the skilled artisan, the route and/or mode of administration will vary depending upon the desired results.
In certain embodiments, the antibody compositions may be prepared with a carrier that will protect the antibody against rapid release, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Many methods for the preparation of such formulations are patented or generally known to those skilled in the art. See, e.g., Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (J. R. Robinson, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1978)).
In certain embodiments, an anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention can be orally administered, for example, with an inert diluent or an assimilable edible carrier. The compound (and other ingredients, if desired) can also be enclosed in a hard or soft shell gelatin capsule, compressed into tablets, or incorporated directly into the subject's diet. For oral therapeutic administration, the anti-MAdCAM antibodies can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like. To administer a compound of the invention by other than parenteral administration, it may be necessary to coat the compound with, or co-administer the compound with, a material to prevent its inactivation.
The compositions of the invention may include a “therapeutically effective amount” or a “prophylactically effective amount” of an antibody or antigen-binding portion of the invention. A “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic result. A therapeutically effective amount of the antibody or antibody portion may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the antibody or antibody portion to elicit a desired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the antibody or antibody portion are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects. A “prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired prophylactic result. Typically, since a prophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of disease, the prophylactically effective amount may be less than the therapeutically effective amount.
Dosage regimens can be adjusted to provide the optimum desired response (e.g., a therapeutic or prophylactic response). For example, a single bolus can be administered, several divided doses can be administered over time or the dose can be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the mammalian subjects to be treated; each unit containing a pre-determined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specification for the dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the anti-MAdCAM antibody or portion thereof and the particular therapeutic or prophylactic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such an antibody for the treatment of sensitivity in individuals.
An exemplary, non-limiting range for a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an antibody or antibody portion of the invention is 0.025 to 50 mg/kg, more preferably 0.1 to 50 mg/kg, more preferably 0.1-25, 0.1 to 10 or 0.1 to 3 mg/kg. In some embodiments, a formulation contains 5 mg/mL of antibody in a buffer of 20 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5, 140 mM NaCl, and 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80. In other embodiments, a formulation contains 10 mg/ml of antibody in 2.73 mg/ml of sodium acetate trihydrate, 45 mg/ml of mannitol, 0.02 mg/ml of disodium EDTA dihydrate, 0.2 mg/ml of polysorbate 80, adjusted to pH 5.5 with glacial acetic acid, e.g. for intravenous use. In other embodiments, a formulation contains 50 mg/ml of antibody, 2.73 mg/ml of sodium acetate trihydrate, 45 mg/ml of mannitol, 0.02 mg/ml of disodium EDTA dihydrate, 0.4 mg/ml of polysorbate 80, adjusted to pH 5.5 with glacial acetic acid, e.g. for subcutaneous or intradermal use. It is to be noted that dosage values may vary with the type and severity of the condition to be alleviated. It is to be further understood that for any particular subject, specific dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions, and that dosage ranges set forth herein are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope or practice of the claimed composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the antibody is administered in a formulation as a sterile aqueous solution having a pH that ranges from about 5.0 to about 6.5 and comprising from about 1 mg/ml to about 200 mg/ml of antibody, from about 1 millimolar to about 100 millimolar of histidine buffer, from about 0.01 mg/ml to about 10 mg/ml of polysorbate 80, from about 100 millimolar to about 400 millimolar of trehalose, and from about 0.01 millimolar to about 1.0 millimolar of disodium EDTA dihydrate.
Another aspect of the present invention provides kits comprising an anti-MAdCAM antibody or antibody portion of the invention or a composition comprising such an antibody. A kit may include, in addition to the antibody or composition, diagnostic or therapeutic agents. A kit can also include instructions for use in a diagnostic or therapeutic method. In a preferred embodiment, the kit includes the antibody or a composition comprising it and a diagnostic agent that can be used in a method described below. In another preferred embodiment, the kit includes the antibody or a composition comprising it and one or more therapeutic agents that can be used in a method described below.
The nucleic acid molecules of the instant invention can be administered to a patient in need thereof via gene therapy. The therapy may be either in vivo or ex vivo. In a preferred embodiment, nucleic acid molecules encoding both a heavy chain and a light chain are administered to a patient. In a more preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecules are administered such that they are stably integrated into chromosomes of B cells because these cells are specialized for producing antibodies. In a preferred embodiment, precursor B cells are transfected or infected ex vivo and re-transplanted into a patient in need thereof. In another embodiment, precursor B cells or other cells are infected in vivo using a recombinant virus known to infect the cell type of interest. Typical vectors used for gene therapy include liposomes, plasmids and viral vectors. Exemplary viral vectors are retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses. After infection either in vivo or ex vivo, levels of antibody expression can be monitored by taking a sample from the treated patient and using any immunoassay known in the art or discussed herein.
In a preferred embodiment, the gene therapy method comprises the steps of administering an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the heavy chain or an antigen-binding portion thereof of an anti-MAdCAM antibody and expressing the nucleic acid molecule. In another embodiment, the gene therapy method comprises the steps of administering an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the light chain or an antigen-binding portion thereof of an anti-MAdCAM antibody and expressing the nucleic acid molecule. In a more preferred method, the gene therapy method comprises the steps of administering of an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the heavy chain or an antigen-binding portion thereof and an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the light chain or the antigen-binding portion thereof of an anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention and expressing the nucleic acid molecules. The gene therapy method may also comprise the step of administering another anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory agent.
Another aspect of the invention is a method of diagnosis of a condition where the antibody of the invention will be useful as a medicament, by testing whether abnormal binding of an antibody of the invention occurs in the patient. This can be done using various imaging techniques well known to the skilled person, such as x-ray analysis, gamma scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography or computed tomography (CT) and others.
One or more inhibitory anti-MAdCAM antibodies of the invention can be used as a vaccine or as adjuvants to a vaccine, and this is another aspect of the invention. In particular, because MAdCAM is expressed in lymphoid tissue, vaccine antigens can be advantageously targeted to lymphoid tissue by conjugating the antigen to an anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention.
Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present invention shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. Generally, nomenclatures used in connection with, and techniques of, cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics, protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well known and commonly used in the art. The methods and techniques of the present invention are generally performed according to conventional methods well known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references that are cited and discussed throughout the present specification unless otherwise indicated. See, e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989) and Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Associates (1992), and Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1990), which are incorporated herein by reference. Enzymatic reactions and purification techniques are performed according to manufacturer's specifications, as commonly accomplished in the art or as described herein. Standard techniques are used for chemical syntheses, chemical analyses, pharmaceutical preparation, formulation, and delivery, and treatment of patients.
The term “polypeptide” encompasses native or artificial proteins, protein fragments and polypeptide analogs of a protein sequence. A polypeptide may be monomeric or polymeric.
The term “isolated protein” or “isolated polypeptide” is a protein or polypeptide that by virtue of its origin or source of derivation (1) is not associated with naturally associated components that accompany it in its native state, (2) is free of other proteins from the same species (3) is expressed by a cell from a different species, or (4) does not occur in nature. Thus, a polypeptide that is chemically synthesized or synthesized in a cellular system different from the cell from which it naturally originates will be “isolated” from its naturally associated components. A protein may also be rendered substantially free of naturally associated components by isolation, using protein purification techniques well known in the art.
A protein or polypeptide is “substantially pure,” “substantially homogeneous” or “substantially purified” when at least about 60 to 75% of a sample exhibits a single species of polypeptide. The polypeptide or protein may be monomeric or multimeric. A substantially pure polypeptide or protein will typically comprise about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% WAN of a protein sample, more usually about 95%, and preferably will be over 99% pure. Protein purity or homogeneity may be indicated by a number of means well known in the art, such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a protein sample, followed by visualizing a single polypeptide band upon staining the gel with a stain well known in the art. For certain purposes, higher resolution may be provided by using HPLC or other means well known in the art for purification.
The term “polypeptide fragment” as used herein refers to a polypeptide that has an amino-terminal and/or carboxy-terminal deletion, but where the remaining amino acid sequence is identical to the corresponding positions in the naturally-occurring sequence. In some embodiments, fragments are at least 5, 6, 8 or 10 amino acids long. In other embodiments, the fragments are at least 14 amino acids long, more preferably at least 20 amino acids long, usually at least 50 amino acids long, even more preferably at least 70, 80, 90, 100, 150 or 200 amino acids long.
The term “polypeptide analog” as used herein refers to a polypeptide that comprises a segment of at least 25 amino acids that has substantial identity to a portion of an amino acid sequence and that has at least one of the following properties: (1) specific binding to MAdCAM under suitable binding conditions, (2) ability to inhibit a4P7 integrin and/or L-selectin binding to MAdCAM, or (3) ability to reduce MAdCAM cell surface expression in vitro or in vivo. Typically, polypeptide analogs comprise a conservative amino acid substitution (or insertion or deletion) with respect to the naturally-occurring sequence. Analogs typically are at least 20 amino acids long, preferably at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150 or 200 amino acids long or longer, and can often be as long as a full-length naturally-occurring polypeptide.
An “immunoglobulin” is a tetrameric molecule. In a naturally-occurring immunoglobulin, each tetramer is composed of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one “light” (about 25 kDa) and one “heavy” chain (about 50-70 kDa). The amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition. The carboxy-terminal portion of each chain defines a constant region primarily responsible for effector function. Human light chains are classified as κ and λ light chains. Heavy chains are classified as μ, δ, γ, α, or ε, and define the antibody's isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively. Within light and heavy chains, the variable and constant regions are joined by a “J” region of about 12 or more amino acids, with the heavy chain also including a “D” region of about 10 or more amino acids. See generally, Fundamental Immunology, Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989)) (incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes). The variable regions of each light/heavy chain pair form the antibody binding site such that an intact immunoglobulin has two binding sites.
Immunoglobulin chains exhibit the same general structure of relatively conserved framework regions (FR) joined by three hypervariable regions, also called complementarity determining regions or CDRs. The CDRs from the two chains of each pair are aligned by the framework regions to form an epitope-specific binding site. From N-terminus to C-terminus, both light and heavy chains comprise the domains FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3 and FR4. The assignment of amino acids to each domain is in accordance with the definitions of Kabat, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1987 and 1991)), or Chothia & Lesk, J. Mol. Biol., 196:901-917(1987); Chothia et al., Nature, 342:878-883(1989), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The term “antibody” refers to an intact immunoglobulin or to an antigen-binding portion thereof that competes with the intact antibody for specific binding. In some embodiments, an antibody is an antigen-binding portion thereof. Antigen-binding portions may be produced by recombinant DNA techniques or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of intact antibodies. Antigen-binding portions include, inter alia, Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)₂, Fv, dAb, and complementarity determining region (CDR) fragments, single-chain antibodies (scFv), chimeric antibodies, diabodies and polypeptides that contain at least a portion of an immunoglobulin that is sufficient to confer specific antigen binding to the polypeptide. A Fab fragment is a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains; a F(ab)₂fragment is a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; a Fd fragment consists of the VH and CH1 domains; an Fv fragment consists of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody; and a dAb fragment (Ward et al., Nature, 341:544-546(1989)) consists of a VH domain. The term is also intended to include modified versions of the antibody such as pegylated antibodies or antibodies conjugated to detectable moieties such as enzymes (e.g. horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase), radioisotopes, biotin, fluorescent labels, and others.
As used herein, an antibody that is referred to as, e.g., 1.7.2, 1.8.2, 6.14.2, 6.34.2, 6.67.1, 6.77.2, 7.16.6, 7.20.5, 7.26.4 or 9.8.2, is a monoclonal antibody that is produced by the hybridoma of the same name. For example, antibody 1.7.2 is produced by hybridoma 1.7.2. An antibody that is referred to as 6.22.2-mod, 6.34.2-mod, 6.67.1-mod, 6.77.1-mod or 7.26.4-mod is a monoclonal antibody whose sequence has been modified from its corresponding parent by site-directed mutagenesis.
A single-chain antibody (scFv) is an antibody in which VL and VH regions are paired to form a monovalent molecule via a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain (Bird et al., Science, 242:423-426 (1988) and Huston et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:5879-5883 (1988)). Diabodies are bivalent, bispecific antibodies in which VH and VL domains are expressed on a single polypeptide chain, but using a linker that is too short to allow for pairing between the two domains on the same chain, thereby forcing the domains to pair with complementary domains of another chain and creating two antigen binding sites (see, e.g., Holliger, P., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 6444-6448 (1993) and Poljak, R. J., et al., Structure, 2:1121-1123 (1994)). One or more CDRs from an antibody of the invention may be incorporated into a molecule either covalently or noncovalently to make it an immunoadhesin that specifically binds to MAdCAM. An immunoadhesin may incorporate the CDR(s) as part of a larger polypeptide chain, may covalently link the CDR(s) to another polypeptide chain, or may incorporate the CDR(s) noncovalently. The CDRs permit the immunoadhesin to specifically bind to a particular antigen of interest.
An antibody may have one or more binding sites. If there is more than one binding site, the binding sites may be identical to one another or may be different. For instance, a naturally-occurring immunoglobulin has two identical binding sites, a single-chain antibody or Fab fragment has one binding site, while a “bispecific” or “bifunctional” antibody (diabody) has two different binding sites.
An “isolated antibody” is an antibody that (1) is not associated with naturally-associated components, including other naturally-associated antibodies, that accompany it in its native state, (2) is free of other proteins from the same species, (3) is expressed by a cell from a different species, or (4) does not occur in nature. Examples of isolated antibodies include an anti-MAdCAM antibody that has been affinity purified using MAdCAM, an anti-MAdCAM antibody that has been produced by a hybridoma or other cell line in vitro, and a human anti-MAdCAM antibody derived from a transgenic mammal or plant.
As used herein, the term “human antibody” means an antibody in which the variable and constant region sequences are human sequences. The term encompasses antibodies with sequences derived from human genes, but which have been changed, e.g., to decrease possible immunogenicity, increase affinity, eliminate cysteines or glycosylation sites that might cause undesirable folding, etc. The term encompasses such antibodies produced recombinantly in non-human cells which might impart glycosylation not typical of human cells. The term also emcompasses antibodies which have been raised in a transgenic mouse which comprises some or all of the human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain loci.
In one aspect, the invention provides a humanized antibody. In some embodiments, the humanized antibody is an antibody that is derived from a non-human species, in which certain amino acids in the framework and constant domains of the heavy and light chains have been mutated so as to avoid or abrogate an immune response in humans. In some embodiments, a humanized antibody may be produced by fusing the constant domains from a human antibody to the variable domains of a non-human species. Examples of how to make humanized antibodies may be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,054,297, 5,886,152 and 5,877,293. In some embodiments, a humanized anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention comprises the amino acid sequence of one or more framework regions of one or more human anti-MAdCAM antibodies of the invention.
In another aspect, the invention includes the use of a “chimeric antibody”. In some embodiments the chimeric antibody refers to an antibody that contains one or more regions from one antibody and one or more regions from one or more other antibodies. In a preferred embodiment, one or more of the CDRs are derived from a human anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention. In a more preferred embodiment, all of the CDRs are derived from a human anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention. In another preferred embodiment, the CDRs from more than one human anti-MAdCAM antibody of the invention are mixed and matched in a chimeric antibody. For instance, a chimeric antibody may comprise a CDR1 from the light chain of a first human anti-MAdCAM antibody may be combined with CDR2 and CDR3 from the light chain of a second human anti-MAdCAM antibody, and the CDRs from the heavy chain may be derived from a third anti-MAdCAM antibody. Further, the framework regions may be derived from one of the same anti-MAdCAM antibodies, from one or more different antibodies, such as a human antibody, or from a humanized antibody.
A “neutralizing antibody,” “an inhibitory antibody” or antagonist antibody is an antibody that inhibits the binding of α₄β₇or α₄β₇-expressing cells, or any other cognate ligand or cognate ligand-expressing cells, to MAdCAM by at least about 20%. In a preferred embodiment, the antibody reduces inhibits the binding of α₄β₇integrin or α₄β₇-expressing cells to MAdCAM by at least 40%, more preferably by 60%, even more preferably by 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%. The binding reduction may be measured by any means known to one of ordinary skill in the art, for example, as measured in an in vitro competitive binding assay. An example of measuring the reduction in binding of α₄β₇-expressing cells to MAdCAM is presented in Example I.
Fragments or analogs of antibodies can be readily prepared by those of ordinary skill in the art following the teachings of this specification. Preferred amino- and carboxy-termini of fragments or analogs occur near boundaries of functional domains. Structural and functional domains can be identified by comparison of the nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence data to public or proprietary sequence databases. Preferably, computerized comparison methods are used to identify sequence motifs or predicted protein conformation domains that occur in other proteins of known structure and/or function. Methods to identify protein sequences that fold into a known three-dimensional structure are known (Bowie et al., Science, 253:164 (1991)).
The term “k_off” refers to the off rate constant for dissociation of an antibody from the antibody/antigen complex.
The term “K_d” refers to the dissociation constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction. An antibody is said to bind an antigen when the dissociation constant is ≦1 μM, preferably ≦100 nM and most preferably ≦10 nM.
The term “epitope” includes any protein determinant capable of specific binding to an immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor or otherwise interacting with a molecule. Epitopic determinants usually consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or carbohydrate side chains and usually have specific three dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics. An epitope may be “linear” or “conformational.” In a linear epitope, all of the points of interaction between the protein and the interacting molecule (such as an antibody) occur linearally along the primary amino acid sequence of the protein. In a conformational epitope, the points of interaction occur across amino acid residues on the protein that are separated from one another.
As used herein, the twenty conventional amino acids and their abbreviations follow conventional usage. See Immunology—A Synthesis (2nd Edition, E. S. Golub and D. R. Gren, Eds., Sinauer Associates, Sundertand, Mass. (1991)), which is incorporated herein by reference. Stereoisomers (e.g., D-amino acids) of the twenty conventional amino acids, unnatural amino acids such as α-, α-disubstituted amino acids, N-alkyl amino acids, lactic acid, and other unconventional amino acids may also be suitable components for polypeptides of the present invention. Examples of unconventional amino acids include: 4-hydroxyproline, γ-carboxyglutamate, ε-N,N,N-trimethyllysine, ε-N-acetyllysine, O-phosphoserine, N-acetylserine, N-formylmethionine, 3-methylhistidine, 5-hydroxylysine, s-N-methylarginine, and other similar amino acids and imino acids (e.g., 4-hydroxyproline). In the polypeptide notation used herein, the lefthand direction is the amino terminal direction and the righthand direction is the carboxy-terminal direction, in accordance with standard usage and convention.
The term “polynucleotide” as referred to herein means a polymeric form of nucleotides of at least 10 bases in length, either ribonucleotides or deoxynucleotides or a modified form of either type of nucleotide. The term includes single and double stranded forms of DNA.
The term “isolated polynucleotide” as used herein shall mean a polynucleotide of genomic, cDNA, or synthetic origin or some combination thereof, which by virtue of its origin the “isolated polynucleotide” (1) is not associated with all or a portion of a polynucleotide in which the “isolated polynucleotide” is found in nature, (2) is operably linked to a polynucleotide which it is not linked to in nature, or (3) does not occur in nature as part of a larger sequence.
The term “oligonucleotide” referred to herein includes naturally occurring, and modified nucleotides linked together by naturally occurring, and non-naturally occurring oligonucleotide linkages. Oligonucleotides are a polynucleotide subset generally comprising a length of 200 bases or fewer. Preferably oligonucleotides are 10 to 60 bases in length and most preferably 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 to 40 bases in length. Oligonucleotides are usually single stranded, e.g., for probes; although oligonucleotides may be double stranded, e.g., for use in the construction of a gene mutant. Oligonucleotides of the invention can be either sense or antisense oligonucleotides.
The term “naturally occurring nucleotides” referred to herein includes deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides. The term “modified nucleotides” referred to herein includes nucleotides with modified or substituted sugar groups and the like. The term “oligonucleotide linkages” referred to herein includes oligonucleotides linkages such as phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphoroselenoate, phosphorodiselenoate, phosphoroanilothioate, phoshoraniladate, phosphoroamidate, and the like. See, e.g., LaPlanche et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 14:9081 (1986); Stec et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106:6077(1984); Stein et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 16:3209(1988); Zon et al., Anti-Cancer Drug Design 6:539(1991); Zon et al., Oligonucleotides and Analogues: A Practical Approach, pp. 87-108 (F. Eckstein, Ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford England(1991)); Stec et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,510; Uhlmann and Peyman, Chemical Reviews, 90:543(1990), the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. An oligonucleotide can include a label for detection, if desired.
“Operably linked” sequences include both expression control sequences that are contiguous with the gene of interest and expression control sequences that act in trans or at a distance to control the gene of interest. The term “expression control sequence” as used herein refers to polynucleotide sequences which are necessary to effect the expression and processing of coding sequences to which they are ligated. Expression control sequences include appropriate transcription initiation, termination, promoter and enhancer sequences; efficient RNA processing signals such as splicing and polyadenylation signals; sequences that stabilize cytoplasmic mRNA; sequences that enhance translation efficiency (i.e., Kozak consensus sequence); sequences that enhance protein stability; and when desired, sequences that enhance protein secretion. The nature of such control sequences differs depending upon the host organism; in prokaryotes, such control sequences generally include promoter, ribosomal binding site, and transcription termination sequence; in eukaryotes, generally, such control sequences include promoters and transcription termination sequence. The term “control sequences” is intended to include, at a minimum, all components whose presence is essential for expression and processing, and can also include additional components whose presence is advantageous, for example, leader sequences and fusion partner sequences.
The term “vector”, as used herein, is intended to refer to a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid to which it has been linked. One type of vector is a “plasmid”, which refers to a circular double stranded DNA loop into which additional DNA segments may be ligated. Another type of vector is a viral vector, wherein additional DNA segments may be ligated into the viral genome. Certain vectors are capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into which they are introduced (e.g., bacterial vectors having a bacterial origin of replication and episomal mammalian vectors). Other vectors (e.g., non-episomal mammalian vectors) can be integrated into the genome of a host cell upon introduction into the host cell, and thereby are replicated along with the host genome. Moreover, certain vectors are capable of directing the expression of genes to which they are operatively linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as “recombinant expression vectors” (or simply, “expression vectors”). In general, expression vectors of utility in recombinant DNA techniques are often in the form of plasmids. In the present specification, “plasmid” and “vector” may be used interchangeably as the plasmid is the most commonly used form of vector. However, the invention is intended to include such other forms of expression vectors, such as viral vectors (e.g., replication defective retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses), which serve equivalent functions.
The term “recombinant host cell” (or simply “host cell”), as used herein, is intended to refer to a cell into which a recombinant expression vector has been introduced. It should be understood that such terms are intended to refer not only to the particular subject cell but to the progeny of such a cell. Because certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to either mutation or environmental influences, such progeny may not, in fact, be identical to the parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term “host cell” as used herein.
The term “selectively hybridize” referred to herein means to detectably and specifically bind. Polynucleotides, oligonucleotides and fragments thereof in accordance with the invention selectively hybridize to nucleic acid strands under hybridization and wash conditions that minimize appreciable amounts of detectable binding to nonspecific nucleic acids. “High stringency” or “highly stringent” conditions can be used to achieve selective hybridization conditions as known in the art and discussed herein. An example of “high stringency” or “highly stringent” conditions is a method of incubating a polynucleotide with another polynucleotide, wherein one polynucleotide may be affixed to a solid surface such as a membrane, in a hybridization buffer of 6×SSPE or SSC, 50% formamide, 5× Denhardt's reagent, 0.5% SDS, 100 μg/ml denatured, fragmented salmon sperm DNA at a hybridization temperature of 42° C. for 12-16 hours, followed by twice washing at 55° C using a wash buffer of 1×SSC, 0.5% SDS. See also Sambrook et al., supra, pp. 9.50-9.55.
The term “percent sequence identity” in the context of nucleotide sequences refers to the residues in two sequences which are the same when aligned for maximum correspondence. The length of sequence identity comparison may be over a stretch of at least about nine nucleotides, usually at least about 18 nucleotides, more usually at least about 24 nucleotides, typically at least about 28 nucleotides, more typically at least about 32 nucleotides, and preferably at least about 36, 48 or more nucleotides. There are a number of different algorithms known in the art which can be used to measure nucleotide sequence identity. For instance, polynucleotide sequences can be compared using FASTA, Gap or Besffit, which are programs in Wisconsin Package Version 10.3, Accelrys, San Diego, Calif. FASTA, which includes, e.g., the programs FASTA2 and FASTA3, provides alignments and percent sequence identity of the regions of the best overlap between the query and search sequences (Pearson, Methods Enzymol., 183: 63-98 (1990); Pearson, Methods Mol. Biol., 132: 185-219 (2000); Pearson, Methods Enzymol., 266: 227-258 (1996); Pearson, J. Mol. Biol., 276: 71-84 (1998); herein incorporated by reference). Unless otherwise specified, default parameters for a particular program or algorithm are used. For instance, percent sequence identity between nucleotide sequences can be determined using FASTA with its default parameters (a word size of 6 and the NOPAM factor for the scoring matrix) or using Gap with its default parameters as provided in Wisconsin Package Version 10.3, herein incorporated by reference.
A reference to a nucleotide sequence encompasses its complement unless otherwise specified. Thus, a reference to a nucleic acid molecule having a particular sequence should be understood to encompass its complementary strand, with its complementary sequence.
In the molecular biology art, researchers use the terms “percent sequence identity”, “percent sequence similarity” and “percent sequence homology” interchangeably. In this application, these terms shall have the same meaning with respect to nucleotide sequences only.
The term “substantial similarity” or “substantial sequence similarity,” when referring to a nucleic acid or fragment thereof, indicates that, when optimally aligned with appropriate nucleotide insertions or deletions with another nucleic acid (or its complementary strand), there is nucleotide sequence identity in at least about 85%, preferably at least about 90%, and more preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% of the nucleotide bases, as measured by any well-known algorithm of sequence identity, such as FASTA, BLAST or Gap, as discussed above.
As applied to polypeptides, the term “substantial identity” means that two peptide sequences, when optimally aligned, such as by the programs GAP or BESTFIT using default gap weights, share at least 75% or 80% sequence identity, preferably at least 90% or 95% sequence identity, even more preferably at least 98% or 99% sequence identity. Preferably, residue positions that are not identical differ by conservative amino acid substitutions. A “conservative amino acid substitution” is one in which an amino acid residue is substituted by another amino acid residue having a side chain (R group) with similar chemical properties (e.g., charge or hydrophobicity). In general, a conservative amino acid substitution will not substantially change the functional properties of a protein. In cases where two or more amino acid sequences differ from each other by conservative substitutions, the percent sequence identity or degree of similarity may be adjusted upwards to correct for the conservative nature of the substitution. Means for making this adjustment are well-known to those of skill in the art. See, e.g., Pearson, Methods Mol. Biol., 24: 307-31 (1994), herein incorporated by reference. Examples of groups of amino acids that have side chains with similar chemical properties include 1) aliphatic side chains: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine; 2) aliphatic-hydroxyl side chains: serine and threonine; 3) amide-containing side chains: asparagine and glutamine; 4) aromatic side chains: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; 5) basic side chains: lysine, arginine, and histidine; and 6) sulfur-containing side chains are cysteine and methionine. Preferred conservative amino acids substitution groups are: valine-leucine-isoleucine, phenylalanine-tyrosine, lysine-arginine, alanine-valine, glutamate-aspartate, and asparagine-glutamine.
Alternatively, a conservative replacement is any change having a positive value in the PAM250 log-likelihood matrix disclosed in Gonnet et al., Science, 256: 1443-45 (1992), herein incorporated by reference. A “moderately conservative” replacement is any change having a nonnegative value in the PAM250 log-likelihood matrix.
Sequence similarity for polypeptides is typically measured using sequence analysis software. Protein analysis software matches similar sequences using measures of similarity assigned to various substitutions, deletions and other modifications, including conservative amino acid substitutions. For instance, GCG contains programs such as “Gap” and “Besffit” which can be used with default parameters to determine sequence homology or sequence identity between closely related polypeptides, such as homologous polypeptides from different species of organisms or between a wild type protein and a mutein thereof. See, e.g., Wisconsin package Version 10.3. Polypeptide sequences also can be compared using FASTA using default or recommended parameters, a program in Wisconsin package Version 10.3. FASTA (e.g., FASTA2 and FASTA3) provides alignments and percent sequence identity of the regions of the best overlap between the query and search sequences (Pearson (1990); Pearson (2000)). Another preferred algorithm when comparing a sequence of the invention to a database containing a large number of sequences from different organisms is the computer program BLAST, especially blastp or tblastn, using default parameters. See, e.g., Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410 (1990); Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-402 (1997); herein incorporated by reference. The length of polypeptide sequences compared for homology will generally be at least about 16 amino acid residues, usually at least about 20 residues, more usually at least about 24 residues, typically at least about 28 residues, and preferably more than about 35 residues. When searching a database containing sequences from a large number of different organisms, it is preferable to compare amino acid sequences.
As used herein, the terms “label” or “labeled” refers to incorporation of another molecule in the antibody. In one embodiment, the label is a detectable marker, e.g., incorporation of a radiolabeled amino acid or attachment to a polypeptide of biotinyl moieties that can be detected by marked avidin (e.g., streptavidin containing a fluorescent marker or enzymatic activity that can be detected by optical or colorimetric methods). In another embodiment, the label or marker can be therapeutic, e.g., a drug conjugate or toxin. Various methods of labeling polypeptides and glycoproteins are known in the art and may be used. Examples of labels for polypeptides include, but are not limited to, the following: radioisotopes or radionuclides (e.g., ³H, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ³⁵S, ⁹⁰Y, ⁹⁹Tc, ¹¹¹In, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I), fluorescent labels (e.g., FITC, rhodamine, lanthanide phosphors), enzymatic labels (e.g., horseradish peroxidase, β-galactosidase, luciferase, alkaline phosphatase), chemiluminescent markers, biotinyl groups, predetermined polypeptide epitopes recognized by a secondary reporter (e.g., leucine zipper pair sequences, binding sites for secondary antibodies, metal binding domains, epitope tags), magnetic agents, such as gadolinium chelates, toxins such as pertussis toxin, taxol, cytochalasin B, gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide, tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dihydroxy anthracin dione, mitoxantrone, mithramycin, actinomycin D, 1-dehydrotestosterone, glucocorticoids, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, and puromycin and analogs or homologs thereof. In some embodiments, labels are attached by spacer arms of various lengths to reduce potential steric hindrance.
The following examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Identification of Potential Immunogenic Epitopes

CD4⁺ T (helper) cell epitopes are critical in driving T cell dependent immune responses to protein antigens. During the initiation of a T-cell dependent immune response dendritic cells capture, process and present protein antigen in the form of linear peptides bound in the groove of MHC class II. Binding of the T-cell receptor to the peptide/MHC-II complex by naive CD4⁺ T cells can trigger a cascade in which T cells proliferate, differentiate and provide help by producing co-stimulatory cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-6) and by direct cell-cell contact (e.g. CD40) to B cells. The continued help from T cells is required during secondary B cell lymphopoiesis in which B cells rearrange their immunoglobulin chains to produce high affinity isotype switched immunoglobulin against the same antigen recognised by the T cells. It is the binding of the B cell produced immunoglobulins that can neutralise the effects of protein-based therapies. The identification of T cell epitopes contained within therapeutic antibodies is important in predicting immunogenicity in man. With their identification it may be desirable to engineer the MHC-II anchors out by site directed mutagenesis, generating non-immunogenic adducts that retain the therapeutic activity of the parent.
Six fully human anti-MAdCAM mAbs, 6.22.2-mod, 6.34.2-mod, 6.67.1-mod, 6.77.1-mod, 7.16.6 and 9.8.2 (previously described in WO2005/067620; hybridomas secreting 7.16.6 and 9.8.2 were deposited in the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC), H.P.A at CAMR, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG on 9^thSep. 2003 with the following deposit numbers: 7.16.6: Deposit No: 03090909; 9.8.2: Deposit No: 03090912), were subjected to an ex vivo assessment to identify potential T cell epitopes and determine their immunogenicity. Sequence overlapping peptides (15 mers of purity >90%) covering the framework (FR) and complementary determining regions (CDRs) of the heavy and kappa light chain counterparts of 6.22.2, 6.34.2, 6.67.1, 6.77.1, 7.16.6 and 9.8.2 were synthesised using standard methods. The peptides were screened against a panel of 40 human donors in multiple cultures of CD8⁺ T-cell depleted PMSC, providing a source of CD4⁺ cells and antigen presenting cells at physiological ratios. The 40 healthy donors were selected for screening on the basis of HLA-DR typing and represented >80% of the DR alleles expressed in the world's population. Individual peptides (1 and 5 μM) were screened in sextuplicate, in conjunction with two positive control peptides. Cells were treated with peptides for 7 days, then proliferation was measured by incorporation of ³H-thymidine (0.5 μCi/well; 18 hrs). The incorporation of radiolabel was determined by scintillation counting and expressed as a stimulation index (SI) as follows: $SI = \frac{cpm of test peptide}{Cpm of untreated control}$
A T-cell epitope is defined as a peptide giving a SI>2 in two or more independent donors.
In addition to the peptide-induced proliferation response, peptides were tested on PBMC donors in an ELISPOT assay. This method captures released cytokines and enables quantification of activated cells within the whole population. The release of IL-2, the principle cytokine secreted by activated CD4⁺ T cells, was selected to identify T-cell stimulated by the peptide epitope. As with the proliferation assay, donor samples were incubated with peptide for 7 days prior to assessment. On analysis each stimulated T cell was represented as a spot of IL-2 release. For each donor and peptide (1 and 5 μM) combination the number of spots/well were determined and a stimulation index calculated as a ratio: $SI = \frac{spots / well of test peptide}{spots / well of untreated control}$
In general there should be good overlap in the responses observed between the proliferation and ELISPOT assays, though differences in the kinetics and magnitude of responses between the two assays can lead to some lack of correlation.
Table 1 describes the data from the T-cell proliferation and ELISPOT assays. Based on these analyses, T cell epitopes were identified in FR2/CDR2 region of the 6.22.2-mod heavy chain; CDR2, FR3/CDR3 and CDR3 of the kappa light chain of 6.34.2-mod light chain; FR3/CDR3 of the 6.67.1-mod kappa light chain; CDR3 of the 6.77.1-mod heavy chain; CDR2 of the 7.16.6 heavy chain and FR3/CDR3 of the 7.16.6 kappa light chain; and FR3/CDR3 of the 9.8.2 heavy chain.

Table 1. The induction of T cell proliferation and IL-2 production in PBMCs from 40 healthy volunteers incubated with different peptides derived from the anti-MAdCAM mAbs 6.22.2-mod, 6.34.2-mod, 6.67.1-mod, 6.77.1-mod, 7.16.6 and 9.8.2. The sequences of each peptide are indicated, residues which differ from the germline sequence are in bold.

TABLE 1


			Proliferation	ELIISPOT
Antibody	Chain	Sequence	(SI > 2)	(SI > 2)

6.22.2	Heavy	SGFTFSSDGMHWVRQ	(SEQ ID NO:39)		1
		EWVAIIWYDGSNKYY	(SEQ ID NO:40)	2
	Light	RASQRIGSSLHWYQQ	(SEQ ID NO:41)		1

6.34.2	Heavy	AVISNDGNNKYYADS	(SEQ ID NO:42)	1
	Light	ISSYLNWFQQKPGKA	(SEQ ID NO:43)	1
		YLNWFQQKPGKAPKL	(SEQ ID NO:44)	1	1
		APKLLIYAASGLKRG	(SEQ ID NO:45)	3	1
		LLIYAASGLKRGVPS	(SEQ ID NO:46)		1
		SGLKRGVPSRFSGSG	(SEQ ID NO:47)	1
		QPEDFATYYCHQSYS	(SEQ ID NO:48)	1
		DFATYYCHQSYSLPF	(SEQ ID NO:49)	2
		CHQSYSLPFTFGPGT	(SEQ ID NO:50)	1	3
		SYSLPFTFGPGTKVD	(SEQ ID NO:51)		1

6.67.1	Heavy	GRIYTSGGTNSNPSL	(SEQ ID NO:52)	1
		RDRITIIRGLIPSFF	(SEQ ID NO:53)	1
		ITIIRGLIPSFFDYW	(SEQ ID NO:54)	1
		LIPSFFDYWGQGTLV	(SEQ ID NO:55)	1
	Light	PPKLLIYWASIREYG	(SEQ ID NO:56)	1
		AEDVAVYFCQQYYSI	(SEQ ID NO:57)		1
		VAVYFCQQYYSIPPL	(SEQ ID NO:58)		3
		YFCQQYYSIPPLTFG	(SEQ ID NO:59)		1
		YSIPPLTFGGGTKVE	(SEQ ID NO:60)	1

6.77.1	Heavy	AVYYCARDGYSSQWS	(SEQ ID NO:61)	1
		RDGYSSGWSYYYYYG	(SEQ ID NO:62)	1
		YSSGWSYYYYYGMDV	(SEQ ID NO:63)	3
		GWSYYYYYGMDVWGQ	(SEQ ID NO:64)	4
	Light	ISCKSSQSLLLSDGK	(SEQ ID NO:65)	1
		EAEDVGVYSCMQSIQ	(SEQ ID NO:66)	1
		VYSCMQSIQLMSSFG	(SEQ ID NO:67)	1
		SIQLMSSFGQGTKLE	(SEQ ID NO:68)	1	1

7.16.6	Heavy	SVYSGNTNYAQKVQG	(SEQ ID NO:69)	2
		AVYYCAREGSSSSGD	(SEQ ID NO:70)	1
		SGDYYYGMDVWGQGT	(SEQ ID NO:71)	1
	Light	VEAEDVGIYYCMQNI	(SEQ ID NO:72)	1
		EDVGIYYCMQNIQLP	(SEQ ID NO:73)	4	4
		GIYYCMQNIQLPWTF	(SEQ ID NO:74)	1	1

9.8.2	heavy	VAVIWYDGSNEYYAD	(SEQ ID NO:75)		1
		IWYDGSNEYYADSVK	(SEQ ID NO:76)	1	1
		AEDTAVYYCARGAYH	(SEQ ID NO:77)	1	1
		TAVYYCARGAYHFAY	(SEQ ID NO:78)	3
		ARGAYHFAYWGQGTL	(SEQ ID NO:79)	1
	Light	SLQPEDIATYSCQHS	(SEQ ID NO:80)	1
		PEDIATYSCQHSDNL	(SEQ ID NO:81)	1
		IATYSCQHSDNLTFG	(SEQ ID NO:82)	1
		YSCQHSDNLTFGQGT	(SEQ ID NO:83)	1

Example 2

Characterisation of Modified Variants of 7.16.6

The T-cell proliferation and ELISPOT analysis identified a number of potential T-cell epitopes in the MAdCAM mAbs 6.22.2-mod, 6.34.2-mod, 6.67.1-mod, 6.77.1-mod, 7.16.6 and 9.8.2. The major T-cell epitope in the kappa light chain of 7.16.6 was reverted to germline by site directed mutagenesis (QuikChange, Stratagene) according to manufacturer's instructions. The sequences of the oligonucleotides used to generate the modified forms are indicated below: primer pairs 7.16.6_V5 and 7.16.6_V3 were used to generate the 7.16.6_V adduct (VH=wild type; VL=190V); 7.16.6_S5 and 7.16.6_S3 were used to generate the 7.16.6_S adduct (VH=wild type; VL=N96S); 7.16.6_VS5 and 7.16.6_VS3 were used to generate the 7.16.6_VS adduct (VH=wild type; VL=190V, N96S). The pEE12.1 vector containing the 7.16.6 heavy chain cDNA (described in WO2005/067620). Briefly, a functional eukaryotic expression vector containing the respective heavy and light chain sequences were assembled as follows: The heavy chain cDNA inserts were excised from the required pEE6.1 with NotI/SalI, and the purified fragments were cloned into identical sites into the corresponding pEE12.1 vector containing the required versions of the kappa light chain sequences.) was used as a template for the QuikChange PCR.

7.16.6_V5

(SEQ ID NO:84)

GGCTGAGGATGTTGGGGTTTATTACTGCATGC

7.16.6_V3

(SEQ ID NO:85)

GCATGCAGTAATAAACCCCAACATCCTCAGCC

7.16.6_S5

(SEQ ID NO:86)

CTGCATGCAAAGTATACAGCTTCCGTGGAC

7.16.6_S3

(SEQ ID NO:87)

GTCCACGGAAGCTGTATACTTTGCATGCAG

7.16.6_VS5

(SEQ ID NO:88)

GGATGTTGGGGTTTATTACTGCATGCAAAGTATACAGCTTCCG

7.16.6_V53

(SEQ ID NO:89)

CGGAAGCTGTATACTTTGCATGCAGTAATAAACCCCAACATCC
pEE12.1 constructs containing the modified kappa light chains of 7.16.6_V, 7.16.6_S and 7.16.6_VS along with the parent 7.16.6 heavy chain were generated from the QuikChange PCR products and fully sequence verified. A similar PCR approach was used to generate the 7.16.6_L variant (VH=V64L, VL=wild type), using the following oligonucleotides and QuikChange PCR:

7.16.6_L5

(SEQ ID NO:90)

CTATGCACAGAAGCTTCAGGGCAGAGTCAC

7.16.6_L3

(SEQ ID NO:91)

GTGACTCTGCCCTGAAGCTTCTGTGCATAG
Parent kappa light chain and 7.16.6_VS variant were used to generate the 7.16.6_L and 7.16.6_LVS (VH=V64L; VL=190V, N96S) variant as described in WO2005/067620. Recombinant material was purified by affinity chromatography from FreeStyle HEK293 cells (Invitrogen) transiently transfected with the appropriate construct.
The purified antibodies were assessed for activity in an adhesion assay using MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein:

An EcoRI/BglII cDNA fragment encoding the mature extracellular, immunoglobulin-like domain of MAdCAM was excised from a PINCY Incyte clone (3279276) and cloned into EcoRI/BamHI sites of the pIG1 vector (Simmons, D. L. (1993) in Cellular Interactions in Development A Practical Approach, ed. Hartley, D. A. (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford), pp. 93-127.)) to generate an in frame IgG₁Fc fusion. The resulting insert was excised with EcoRI/NotI and cloned into pCDNA3.1+ (Invitrogen). The MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc cDNA in the vector was sequence confirmed. The amino acid sequence of the MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein is shown below:


(SEQ ID NO:92)

MDFGLALLLAGLLGLLLG QSLQVKPLQVEPPEPVVAVALGASRQLTCRLA

CADRGASVQWRGLDTSLGAVQSDTGRSVLTVRNASLSAAGTRVCVGSCGG

RTFQHTVQLLVYAFPDQLTVSPAALVPGDPEVACTAHKVTPVDPNALSFS

LLVGGQELEGAQALGPEVQEEEEEPQGDEDVLFRVTERWRLPPLGTPVPP

ALYCQATMRLPGLELSHRQAIPVLHSPTSPEPPDTTSPESPDTTSPESPD

TTSQEPPDTTSQEPPDTTSQEPPDTTSPEPPDKTSPEPAPQQGSTHTPRS

PGSTRTRRPEIQPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMIS

RTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVS

VLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPS

RDELTKNTQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKATPPVLDSDGS

FFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
Underlined: signal peptide
Bold: MAdCAM extracellular domain

CHO-DHFR cells were transfected with pCDNA3.1+ vector containing MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein cDNA and stable clones expressing MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein selected in Iscove's media containing 600 μg/mL G418 and 100 ng/mL methotrexate. For protein expression, a hollow fibre bioreactor was seeded with stably expressing MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc CHO cells in Iscove's media containing 10% low IgG fetal bovine serum (Gibco), non essential amino acids (Gibco), 2 mM glutamine (Gibco), sodium pyruvate (Gibco), 100 μg/mL G418 and 100 ng/mL methotrexate, and used to generate concentrated media supernatant. The MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein was purified from the harvested supernatant by affinity chromatography. Briefly, supernatant was applied to a HiTrap Protein G Sepharose (5 mL, Pharmacia) column (2 mL/min), washed with 25 mM Tris pH 8, 150 mM NaCl (5 column volumes) and eluted with 100 mM glycine pH 2.5 (1 mL/min), immediately neutralising fractions to pH 7.5 with 1 M Tris pH 8. Fractions containing MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein were identified by SDS-PAGE, pooled together and applied to a Sephacryl S100 column (Pharmacia), pre-equilibrated with 35 mM BisTris pH 6.5, 150 mM NaCl. The gel filtration was performed at 0.35 mL/min, collecting a peak of MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein in ca. 3×5 mL fractions. These samples were pooled and applied to a Resource Q (6 mL, Pharmacia) column, pre-equilibrated in 35 mM BisTris pH6.5. The column was washed with 5 column volumes of 35 mM Bis Tris pH 6.5, 150 mM NaCl (6 mL/min) and MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein eluted into a 4-6 mL fraction with 35 mM Bis Tris pH 6.5, 400 mM NaCl. At this stage the protein was 90% pure and migrating as a single band at approximately 68 kD by SDS-PAGE. For use as an immunogen and all subsequent assays, the material was buffer exchanged into 25 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 100 mM NaCl, 50% glycerol and stored as aliquots at −80° C.
100 μL of a 4.5 μg/mL solution of purified MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion protein in Dulbecco's PBS was adsorbed to 96 well Black Microfluor “B” u-bottom (Dynex #7805) plates overnight at 4° C. The MAdCAM coated plates were then inverted and excess liquid blotted off, prior to blocking at 37° C. for at least 1 hour in 10% BSA/PBS. During this time cultured JY cells were counted using tryptan blue exclusion (should be approximately 8×10⁵cells/mL) and 20×10⁶cells/assay plate pipetted into a 50 mL centrifuge tube. JY cells were cultured in RPMI1640 media (Gibco), containing 2 mM L-glutamine and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Life Technologies #10108-165) and seeded at 1-2×10⁵/mL every 2-3 days to prevent the culture from differentiating. The cells were washed twice with RPMI 1640 media (Gibco) containing 2 mM L-glutamine (Gibco) by centrifugation (240 g), resuspending the final cell pellet at 2×10⁶cells/mL in RPMI 1640 for Calcein AM loading. Calcein AM (Molecular Probes #C-3099) was added to the cells as a 1:200 dilution in DMSO (ca. final concentration 5 μM) and the cells protected from light during the course of the incubation (37° C. for 30 min). During this cell incubation step the antibodies to be tested, were diluted as follows: for single dose testing, the antibodies were made up to 3 μg/mL (1 μg/mL final) in 0.1 mg/mL BSA (Sigma#A3059) in PBS; for full IC₅₀curves, the antibodies were diluted in 0.1 mg/mL BSA/PBS, with 3 μg/mL (1 μg/mL final) being the top concentration, then doubling dilutions (1:2 ratio) across the plate. The final well of the row was used for determining total binding, so 0.1 mg/ml BSA in PBS was used.
After blocking, the plate contents were flicked out and 50 μL of antibodies/controls were added to each well and the plate incubated at 37° C. for 20 min. During this time, Calcein-loaded JY cells were washed once with RPMI 1640 media containing 10% fetal bovine serum and once with 1 mg/mL BSA/PBS by centrifugation, resuspending the final cell pellet to 1×10⁶/mL in 1 mg/mL BSA/PBS. 100 μL of cells were added to each well of the U bottomed plate, the plate sealed, briefly centrifuged (1000 rpm for 2 min) and the plate then incubated at 37° C. for 45 min. At the end of this time, the plates were washed with a Skatron plate washer and fluorescence measured using a Wallac Victor²1420 Multilabel Reader (excitation λ485 nm, emission λ535 nm count from top, 8 mm from bottom of plate, for 0.1 sec with normal emission aperture). For each antibody concentration, percent adhesion was expressed as a percentage of maximal fluorescence response in the absence of any antibody minus fluorescence associated with non-specific binding. The IC₅₀value is defined as the anti-MAdCAM antibody concentration at which the adhesion response is decreased to 50% of the response in the absence of anti-MAdCAM antibody. Antibodies that were able to inhibit the binding of JY cells to MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion with an IC₅₀value <0.1 μg/mL, were considered to have potent antagonist activity and were progressed to the MAdCAM-CHO adhesion assay.

The IC₅₀values are summarised in Table 2 (all datapoints given in μg/mL):

TABLE 2


Kd, k_a,and k_dvalues for the interaction of MAdCAM
with the anti-MAdCAM antibody 7.16.6 and 5 clones derived from it.

	k_a		IC₅₀
Kd (pM)	(M⁻¹s⁻¹)	k_d(s⁻¹)	(ng/mL)	s.d	n

7.16.6	7.3	3.3 × 10⁵	2.42 × 10^−6*	24.7	7.6	6
7.16.6_S	23.2	1.83 × 10⁵	4.27 × 10^−6*	34.2	7.4	5
7.16.6_V	162	1.53 × 10⁵	2.49 × 10⁻⁵	41.2	20.9	5
7.16.6_VS	90.8	2.40 × 10⁵	2.18 × 10⁻⁵	58.2	51.2	5
7.16.6_L	79.5	1.52 × 10⁵	1.21 × 10⁻⁵	35.6	10	5
7.16.6_LVS	119	1.94 × 10⁵	2.31 × 10⁻⁵	45.8	16.4	5

*Indicates that these off rate values are just below the lower limit (5 × 10⁻⁶s⁻¹) for BIAcore. The affinity (KD) values should therefore more accurately be quoted as: <15 pM ( = 5 × 10⁻⁶/3.3 × 10⁵) for 7.16.6 and <27.3 pM ( = 5 × 10⁻⁶/1.83 × 10⁵) for 7.16.6_V
The off rates for the other four antibodies are within the limits of the instrument.

The results show that the variants still bind MAdCAM with high affinity, sufficiently high for therapeutic use.
7.16.6, 7.16.6_V, 7.16.6_S, 7.16.6_VS, 7.16.6_L and 7.16.6_LVS also bound to CHO cells expressing MAdCAM, as detected by flow cytometry.
The Kd values shown in Table 2 were determined by BIAcore, essentially as described in Example II in WO 2005/067620, with the following modifications:
Sample Injections
Flow cells used: Either 2 with 1 as a reference, or 4 with 3 as a reference
Flow rate: 100 μL/min
Injection time: 2 minutes
Wait after injection: 60 minutes (=dissociation time)
Injection cycles: Triplicate of all concentrations, plus six injections of buffer blank
Regeneration Method

Solution/flow rate/injection time:



		Regeneration
		flow rate,	Injection time
Immobilised antibody	Regeneration solution	μL/min	(vol)

7.16.6	50 mM Phosphoric Acid	50	12 seconds (10 μL)
7.16.6_V	60 mM Phosphoric Acid	50	54 seconds (45 μL)
7.16.6_S	4M Magnesium Chloride	100	15 seconds (25 μL)
7.16.6_VS	50 mM Phosphoric Acid	50	12 seconds (10 μL)
7.16.6_L	7.5 mM Sodium Hydroxide	50	6 seconds (5 μL)
7.16.6_LVS	5 mM Sodium Hydroxide	50	6 seconds (5 μL)

Stabilisation time after regeneration: 5 minutes

Example 3

Immunohistochemistry Staining of Cynomolqus Tissues with Variants of 7.16.6

Immunohistochemistry was essentially performed as described in Example III in WO 2005/067620. The results are summarized in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3


Summary of staining of normal cynomolgus tissues with anti-hMAdCAM 1/500 dilution
(ca. 0.3 μg/mL), 1 hour incubation at room temperature).

			7.16.6_LVS	7.16.6_L	7.16.6_—	7.16.6_S	7.16.6_VS	Neg. Control	Tissue

Positive staining

Ileum/Peyer's	2-3+	HEV (PP), Vasc.	=	>	=	=	=	<<<
Patch (PP)		endothelium
		(lamina propria-
		LP)
Cecum	3+	vasc. endothelium	=	=	=	=	=	<<<
		(LP)
Spleen	2-4+	Sinus-lining cells	<	=	=	<	<	<<<
		(marginal zone of
		white pulp)
Mesenteric LN	4+	HEV	=	=	=	=	=	<<<
Axillary LN	trace	Dendritic-like	=	=	=	=	=	<<<
		cells around
		lymphoid follicles
Pancreas	1+	Vas endothelium	=	=	<	=	=	<<<
		(venules of
		exocrine lobules)

Negative Staining

Kidney*	0	—	=	=	=	=	=	=
Heart (ventricle)	0	—	=	=	=	=	=	=
Thyroid	0	—	=	=	=	=	=	=

*Strong staining in tubules attributable to non-specific binding of the secondary antibody and interpreted as background noise.

Example 4

Characterisation of Modified Variants of 6.22.2. 6.34.2. 6.67.1. 6.77.1 and 9.8.2

Using similar methods as described here in Example 2 and referred to in WO2005/067620, some of the significant potential T cell epitopes in 6.22.2, 6.34.2, 6.67.1, 6.77.1 and 9.8.2 described in Table 1 were modified to germline by substitution or deletion to generate purified recombinant 6.22.2-mod_V (SEQ ID No. 2), 6.34.2_mod_SSQ (SEQ ID No. 8), 6.67.1-mod_Y (SEQ ID No. 14), 6.77.1-mod_ΔAS (SEQ ID No. 22) and 9.8.2-mod_ΔRGAYH,D (SEQ ID No. 36) chain variants. The IC₅₀potencies of the following mAbs referred to as 6.22.2-mod_V (SEQ ID Nos. 2 and 4), 6.34.2_mod_SSQ (SEQ ID Nos. 6 and 8), 6.67.1-mod_Y (SEQ ID Nos. 14 and 20), 6.77.1-mod_ΔAS (SEQ ID Nos. 22 and 24) and 9.8.2-mod_ΔRGAYH,D (SEQ ID Nos. 36 and 38) in the MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion: JY cell binding assay are represented in Table 4 compared with their parental counterpart 6.22.2, 6.34.2, 6.67.1, 6.77.1 and 9.8.2 mAbs. All modified variants maintained similar antagonist potency to their parental mAbs.

TABLE 4


Comparison of IC₅₀potencies of the 6.22.2, 6.34.2, 6.67.1, 6.77.1 and
9.8.2 modified mAbs, 6.22.2-mod_V, 6.34.2_mod_SSQ,
6.67.1-mod_Y, 6.77.1-mod_ΔAS and
9.8.2-mod_ΔRGAYH,D respectively in the MAdCAM-IgG₁Fc fusion:
JY cell binding assay

	IC₅₀(μg/mL)	S.D	n		IC₅₀(μg/mL)	S.D	n

6.22.2	0.018	0.0109	4	6.22.2-mod_V	0.076	0.033	7
6.34.2	0.013	0.0079	4	6.34.2-mod_SSQ	0.086	0.04	11
6.67.1	0.013	0.0071	4	6.67.1-mod_Y	0.063	0.025	6
6.77.1	0.022	0.0045	4	6.77.1-mod_ΔAS	0.0485	0.0135	7
9.8.2	0.02	0.0047	4	9.8.2_ΔRGAYH,D	0.072	0.03	6

Sequences:

The sequences of the signal peptide sequence (or the bases encoding the same) are indicated in lower case and underlined. The variable regions are in upper case. The constant regions are in upper case and underlined in the protein sequences. Bold are residues modified from the originally disclosed sequences (WO2005/067620).


SEQ ID NO:1
6.22.2-mod_V Heavy Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggagtttg ggctgagctg ggttttcctc gttgctcttt taagaggtgt

51 ccagtgtCAG GTGCAGCTGG TGGAGTCTGG GGGAGGCGTG GTCCAGCCTG

101 GGAGGTCCCT GAGACTCTCC TGTGCAGCGT CTGGATTCAC CTTCAGTAGC

151 GATGGCATGC ACTGGGTCCG CCAGGCTCCA GGCAAGGGGC TGGAGTGGGT

201 GGCAGTGATA TGGTATGATG GAAGTAATAA ATATTATGCA GACTCCGTGA

251 AGGGCCGATT CACCATCTCC AGAGACAATT CCAAGAACAC GCTGTATCTG

301 CAAATGAACA GCCTGAGAGC CGAGGACACG GCTGTATATT ACTGTGCGAG

351 AGATCCCGGC TACTATTACG GTATGGACGT CTGGGGCCAA GGGACCACGG

401 TCACCGTCTC CTCAGCTTCC ACCAAGGGCC CATCCGTCTT CCCCCTGGCG

451 CCCTGCTCTA GAAGCACCTC CGAGAGCACA GCGGCCCTGG GCTGCCTGGT

501 CAAGGACTAC TTCCCCGAAC CGGTGACGGT GTCGTGGAAC TCAGGCGCTC

551 TGACCAGCGG CGTGCACACC TTCCCAGCTG TCCTACAGTC CTCAGGACTC

601 TACTCCCTCA GCAGCGTGGT GACCGTGCCC TCCAGCAACT TCGGCACCCA

651 GACCTACACC TGCAACGTAG ATCACAAGCC CAGCAACACC AAGGTGGACA

701 AGACAGTTGA GCGCAAATGT TGTGTCGAGT GCCCACCGTG CCCAGCACCA

751 CCTGTGGCAG GACCGTCAGT CTTCCTCTTC CCCCCAAAAC CCAAGGACAC

801 CCTCATGATC TCCCGGACCC CTGAGGTCAC GTGCGTGGTG GTGGACGTGA

851 GCCACGAAGA CCCCGAGGTC CAGTTCAACT GGTACGTGGA CGGCGTGGAG

901 GTGCATAATG CCAAGACAAA GCCACGGGAG GAGCAGTTCA ACAGCACGTT

951 CCGTGTGGTC AGCGTCCTCA CCGTTGTGCA CCAGGACTGG CTGAACGGCA

1001 AGGAGTACAA GTGCAAGGTC TCCAACAAAG GCCTCCCAGC CCCCATCGAG

1051 AAAACCATCT CCAAAACCAA AGGGCAGCCC CGAGAACCAC AGGTGTACAC

1101 CCTGCCCCCA TCCCGGGAGG AGATGACCAA GAACCAGGTC AGCCTGACCT

1151 GCCTGGTCAA AGGCTTCTAC CCCAGCGACA TCGCCGTGGA GTGGGAGAGC

1201 AATGGGCAGC CGGAGAACAA CTACAAGACC ACACCTCCCA TGCTGGACTC

1251 CGACGGCTCC TTCTTCCTCT ACAGCAAGCT CACCGTGGAC AAGAGCAGGT

1301 GGCAGCAGGG GAACGTCTTC TCATGCTCCG TGATGCATGA GGCTCTGCAC

1351 AACCACTACA CGCAGAAGAG CCTCTCCCTG TCTCCGGGTA AATGATAG

SEQ ID NO:2
6.22.2-mod_V Predicted Heavy Chain Protein Sequence
1 mefglswvfl vallrgvgcQ VQLVESGGGV VQPGRSLRLS CAASGFTFSS

51 DGMHWVRQAP GKGLEWVAVI WYDGSNKYYA DSVKGRFTIS RDNSKNTLYL

101 QMNSLRAEDT AVYYCARDPG YYYGMDVWGQ GTTVTVSSAS TKGPSVFPLA

151 PCSRSTSEST AALGCLVKDY FPEPVTVSWN SGALTSGVHT FPAVLQSSGL

201 YSLSSVVTVP SSNFGTQTYT CNVDHKPSNT KVDKTVERKC CVECPPCPAP

251 PVAGPSVFLF PPKPKDTLMI SRTPEVTCVV VDVSHEDPEV QFNWYVDGVE

301 VHNAKTKPRE EQFNSTFRVV SVLTVVHQDW LNGKEYKCKV SNKGLPAPIE

351 KTISKTKGQP REPQVYTLPP SREEMTKNQV SLTCLVKGFY PSDIAVEWES

401 NGQPENNYKT TPPMLDSDGS FFLYSKLTVD KSRWQQGNVF SCSVMHEALH

451 NHYTQKSLSL SPGK

SEQ ID NO:3
6.22.2-mod Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atgttgccat cacaactcat tgggtttctg ctgctctggg ttccagcttc

51 caggggtGAA ATTGTGCTGA CTCAGTCTCC AGACTTTCAG TCTGTGACTC

101 CAAAAGAGAA AGTCACCATC ACCTGCCGGG CCAGTCAGAG AATTGGTAGT

151 AGCTTACACT GGTACCAGCA GAAACCAGAT CAGTCTCCAA AACTCCTCAT

201 CAAGTATGCT TCCCAGTCCT TCTCAGGGGT CCCCTCGAGG TTCAGTGGCA

251 GTGGATCTGG GACAGATTTC ACCCTCACCA TCAATAGCCT GGAAGCTGAA

301 GATGCTGCAA CTTATTACTG TCATCAGAGT GGTCGTTTAC CGCTCACTTT

351 CGGCGGAGGG ACCAAGGTGG AGATCAAACG AACTGTGGCT GCACCATCTG

401 TCTTCATCTT CCCGCCATCT GATGAGCAGT TGAAATCTGG AACTGCCTCT

451 GTTGTGTGCC TGCTGAATAA CTTCTATCCC AGAGAGGCCA AAGTACAGTG

501 GAAGGTGGAT AACGCCCTCC AATCGGGTAA CTCCCAGGAG AGTGTCACAG

551 AGCAGGACAG CAAGGACAGC ACCTACAGCC TCAGCAGCAC CCTGACGCTG

601 AGCAAAGCAG ACTACGAGAA ACACAAAGTC TACGCCTGCG AAGTCACCCA

651 TCAGGGCCTG AGCTCGCCCG TCACAAAGAG CTTCAACAGG GGAGAGTGTT

701 AGTGA

SEQ ID NO:4
6.22.2-mod Predicted Kappa Light Chain Amino Acid Sequence
1 mlpsgligfl llwvpasrgE IVLTQSPDFQ SVTPKEKVTI TCPASQRIGS

51 SLHWYQQKPD QSPKLLIKYA SQSFSGVPSR FSGSGSGTDF TLTINSLEAE

101 DAATYYCHQS GRLPLTFGGG TKVEIKRTVA APSVFIFPPS DEQLKSGTAS

151 VVCLLNNFYP REAKVQWKVD NALQSGNSQE SVTEQDSKDS TYSLSSTLTL

201 SKADYEKHKV YACEVTHQGL SSPVTKSFNR GEC

SEQ ID NO.5
6.34.2-mod Heavy Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggagtttg ggctgagctg ggttttcctc gttgctcttt taagaggtgt

51 ccagtgtCAG GTGCAGCTGG TGGAGTCTGG GGGAGGCGTG GTCCAGCCTG

101 GGAGGTCCCT GAGACTCTCC TGTGCAGCCT CTGGATTCAC CTTCAGTAGC

151 TATGGCATGC ACTGGGTCCG CCAGGCTCCA GGCAAGGGGC TGGAGTGGGT

201 GGCAGTTATA TCAAATGATG GAAATAATAA ATACTATGCA GACTCCGTGA

251 AGGGCCGATT CACCATCTCC AGAGACAATT CCAAAAACAC GCTGTATCTG

301 CAAATGAACA GCCTGCGCGC TGAGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG

351 AGATAGTACG GCGATAACCT ACTACTACTA CGGAATGGAC GTCTGGGGCC

401 AAGGGACCAC GGTCACCGTC TCCTCAGCTT CCACCAAGGG CCCATCCGTC

451 TTCCCCCTGG CGCCCTGCTC TAGAAGCACC TCCGAGAGCA CAGCGGCCCT

501 GGGCTGCCTG GTCAAGGACT ACTTCCCCGA ACCGGTGACG GTGTCGTGGA

551 ACTCAGGCGC TCTGACCAGC GGCGTGCACA CCTTCCCAGC TGTCCTACAG

601 TCCTCAGGAC TCTACTCCCT CAGCAGCGTG GTGACCGTGC CCTCCAGCAA

651 CTTCGGCACC CAGACCTACA CCTGCAACGT AGATCACAAG CCCAGCAACA

701 CCAAGGTGGA CAAGACAGTT GAGCGCAAAT GTTGTGTCGA GTGCCCACCG

751 TGCCCAGCAC CACCTGTGGC AGGACCGTCA GTCTTCCTCT TCCCCCCAAA

801 ACCCAAGGAC ACCCTCATGA TCTCCCGGAC CCCTGAGGTC ACGTGCGTGG

851 TGGTGGACGT GAGCCACGAA GACCCCGAGG TCCAGTTCAA CTGGTACGTG

901 GACGGCGTGG AGGTGCATAA TGCCAAGACA AAGCCACGGG AGGAGCAGTT

951 CAACAGCACG TTCCGTGTGG TCAGCGTCCT CACCGTTGTG CACCAGGACT

1001 GGCTGAACGG CAAGGAGTAC AAGTGCAAGG TCTCCAACAA AGGCCTCCCA

1051 GCCCCCATCG AGAAAACCAT CTCCAAAACC AAAGGGCAGC CCCGAGAACC

1101 ACAGGTGTAC ACCCTGCCCC CATCCCGGGA GGAGATGACC AAGAACCAGG

1151 TCAGCCTGAC CTGCCTGGTC AAAGGCTTCT ACCCCAGCGA CATCGCCGTG

1201 GAGTGGGAGA GCAATGGGCA GCCGGAGAAC AACTACAAGA CCACACCTCC

1251 CATGCTGGAC TCCGACGGCT CCTTCTTCCT CTACAGCAAG CTCACCGTGG

1301 ACAAGAGCAG GTGGCAGCAG GGGAACGTCT TCTCATGCTC CGTGATGCAT

1351 GAGGCTCTGC ACAACCACTA CACGCAGAAG AGCCTCTCCC TGTCTCCGGG

1401 TAAATGATAG

SEQ ID NO.6
6.34.2-mod Predicted Heavy Chain Amino Acid Sequence
1 mefglswvfl vallrgvgcQ VQLVESGGGV VQPGRSLRLS CAASGFTFSS

51 YGMHWVRQAP GKGLEWVAVI SNDGNNKYYA DSVKGRFTIS RDNSKNTLYL

101 QMNSLPAEDT AVYYCARDST AITYYYYGMD VWGQGTTVTV SSASTKGPSV

151 FPLAPCSRST SESTAALGCL VKDYFPEPVT VSWNSGALTS GVHTFPAVLQ

201 SSGLYSLSSV VTVPSSNFGT QTYTCNVDHK PSNTKVDKTV ERKCCVECPP

251 CPAPPVAGPS VFLFPPKPKD TLMISRTPEV TCVVVDVSHE DPEVQFNWYV

301 DGVEVHNAKT KPREEQFMST FRVVSVLTVV HQDWLNGKEY KCKVSNKGLP

351 APIEKTISKT KGQPREPQVY TLPPSREEMT KNQVSLTCLV KGFYPSDIAV

401 EWESNGQPEN NYKTTPPMLD SDGSFFLYSK LTVDKSRWQQ GNVFSCSVMH

451 EALHNHYTQK SLSLSPGK

SEQ ID NO:7
6.34.2-mod_SSQ Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggacatga gggtccccgc tcagctcctg gggctcctgc tactctggct

51 ccgaggtgcc agatgtGACA TCCAGATGAC CCAGTCTCCA TCCTCCCTGT

101 CTGCATCTGT CGGAGACAGA GTCACCATCA CTTGCCGGGC AAGTCAGAGT

151 ATTAGTAGCT ATTTAAATTG GTATCAGCAG AAACCAGGGA AAGCCCCTAA

201 GCTCCTGATC TATGCTGCAT CCAGTTTGAG TCAGGGGGTC CCATCACGGT

251 TCAGTGGTAG TGGATCTGGG ACAGATTTCA CTCTCACCAT CAGTTCTCTG

301 CAACCTGAGG ATTTTGCAAC TTACTACTGT CACCAGAGTT ACAGTCTCCC

351 ATTCACTTTC GGCCCTGGGA CCAAAGTGGA TATCAAACGA ACTGTGGCTG

401 CACCATCTGT CTTCATCTTC CCGCCATCTG ATGAGCAGTT GAAATCTGGA

451 ACTGCCTCTG TTGTGTGCCT GCTGAATAAC TTCTATCCCA GAGAGGCCAA

501 AGTACAGTGG AAGGTGGATA ACGCCCTCCA ATCGGGTAAC TCCCAGGAGA

551 GTGTCACAGA GCAGGACAGC AAGGACAGCA CCTACAGCCT CAGCAGCACC

601 CTGACGCTGA GCAAAGCAGA CTACGAGAAA CACAAAGTCT ACGCCTGCGA

651 AGTCACCCAT CAGGGCCTGA GCTCGCCCGT CACAAAGAGC TTCAACAGGG

701 GAGAGTGTTA GTGA

SEQ ID NO:8
6.34.2-mod_SSQ Predicted Kappa Light Chain Protein Sequence
1 mdmrvpagll gllllwlrga rcDIQMTQSP SSLSASVGDR VTITCRASQS

51 ESSYLNWYQQ KPGKAPKLLI YAASSLSQGV PSRFSGSGSG TDFTLTISSL

101 QPEDFATYYC HQSYSLPFTF GPGTKVDIKR TVAAPSVFIF PPSDEQLKSG

151 TASVVCLLNN FYPREAKVQW KVDNALQSGN SQESVTEQDS KDSTYSLSST

201 LTLSKADYEK HKVYACEVTH QGLSSPVTKS FNRGEC

SEQ ID NO:9
6.34.2-mod_QT Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggacatga gggtccccgc tcagctcctg gggctcctgc tactctggct

51 ccgaggtgcc agatgtGACA TCCAGATGAC CCAGTCTCCA TCCTCCCTGT

101 CTGCATCTGT CGGAGACAGA GTCACCATCA CTTGCCGGGC AAGTCAGAGT

151 ATTAGTAGCT ATTTAAATTG GTATCAGCAG AAACCAGGGA AAGCCCCTAA

201 GCTCCTGATC TATGCTGCAT CCGGTTTGAA GCGTGGGGTC CCATCACGGT

251 TCAGTGGTAG TGGATCTGGG ACAGATTTCA CTCTCACCAT CAGTTCTCTG

301 CAACCTGAGG ATTTTGCAAC TTACTACTGT CAGCAGAGTT ACAGTACTCC

351 ATTCACTTTC GGCCCTGGGA CCAAAGTGGA TATCAAACGA ACTGTGGCTG

401 CACCATCTGT CTTCATCTTC CCGCCATCTG ATGAGCAGTT GAAATCTGGA

451 ACTGCCTCTG TTGTGTGCCT GCTGAATAAC TTCTATCCCA GAGAGGCCAA

501 AGTACAGTGG AAGGTGGATA ACGCCCTCCA ATCGGGTAAC TCCCAGGAGA

551 GTGTCACAGA GCAGGACAGC AAGGACAGCA CCTACAGCCT CAGCAGCACC

601 CTGACGCTGA GCAAAGCAGA CTACGAGAAA CACAAAGTCT ACGCCTGCGA

651 AGTCACCCAT CAGGGCCTGA GCTCGCCCG~ CACAAAGAGC TTCAACAGGG

701 GAGAGTGTTA GTGA

SEQ ID NO:10
6.34.2-mod_QT Predicted Kappa Light Chain Protein Sequence
1 mdmrvpagll gilliwirga rcDIQMTQSP SSLSASVGDR VTITCRASQS

51 ISSYLNWYQQ KPGKAPKLLI YAASGLKRGV PSRFSGSGSG TDFTLTISSL

101 QPEDFATYYC QQSYSTPFTF GPGTKVDIKR TVAAPSVFIF PPSDEQLKSG

151 TASVVCLLNN FYPREAKVQW KVDNALQSGN SQESVTEQDS KDSTYSLSST

201 LTLSKADYEK HKVYACEVTH QGLSSPVTKS FNRGEC

SEQ ID NO:11
6.34.2-mod_SSQ,QT Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggacatga gggtccccgc tcagctcctg gggctcctgc tactctggct

51 ccgaggtgcc agatgtGACA TCCAGATGAC CCAGTCTCCA TCCTCCCTGT

101 CTGCATCTGT CGGAGACAGA GTCACCATCA CTTGCCGGGC AAGTCAGAGT

151 ATTAGTAGCT ATTTAAATTG GTATCAGCAG AAACCAGGGA AAGCCCCTAA

201 GCTCCTGATC TATGCTGCAT CCAGTTTGAG TCAGGGGGTC CCATCACGGT

251 TCAGTGGTAG TGGATCTGGG ACAGATTTCA CTCTCACCAT CAGTTCTCTG

301 CAACCTGAGG ATTTTGCAAC TTACTACTGT CAGCAGAGTT ACAGTACTCC

351 ATTCACTTTC GGCCCTGGGA CCAAAGTGGA TATCAAACGA ACTGTGGCTG

401 CACCATCTGT CTTCATCTTC CCGCCATCTG ATGAGCAGTT GAAATCTGGA

451 ACTGCCTCTG TTGTGTGCCT GCTGAATAAC TTCTATCCCA GAGAGGCCAA

501 AGTACAGTGG AAGGTGGATA ACGCCCTCCA ATCGGGTAAC TCCCAGGAGA

551 GTGTCACAGA GCAGGACAGC AAGGACAGCA CCTACAGCCT CAGCAGCACC

601 CTGACGCTGA GCAAAGCAGA CTACGAGAAA CACAAAGTCT ACGCCTGCGA

651 AGTCACCCAT CAGGGCCTGA GCTCGCCCGT CACAAAGAGC TTCAACAGGG

701 GAGAGTGTTA GTGA

SEQ ID NO:12
6.34.2-mod_SSQ,QT Predicted Kappa Light Chain Protein Sequence
1 mdmrvpagll gliliwirga rcDIQMTQSP SSLSASVGDR VTITCRASQS

51 ISSYLNWYQQ KPGKAPKLLI YAASSLSQGV PSRFSGSGSG TDFTLTISSL

101 QPEDFATYYC QQSYSTPFTF GPGTKVDIKR TVAAPSVFIF PPSDEQLKSG

151 TASVVCLLNN FYPREAKVQW KVDNALQSGN SQESVTEQDS KDSTYSLSST

201 LTLSKADYEK HKVYACEVTH QGLSSPVTKS FNRGEC

SEQ ID NO:13
6.67.1-mod Heavy Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atgaaacacc tgtggttctt cctcctgctg gtggcagctc ccagatgggt

51 cctgtccCAG GTGCAGCTGC AGGAGTCGGG CCCAGGACTG GTGAAGCCTT

101 CGGAGACCCT GTCCCTCACC TGCACTGTCT CTGGTGACTC CATCAGTAGT

151 AACTATTGGA GCTGGATCCG GCAGCCCGCC GGGAAGGGAC TGGAGTGGAT

201 TGGGCGTATC TATACCAGTG GGGGCACCAA CTCCAACCCC TCCCTCAGGG

251 GTCGAGTCAC CATGTCAGTA GACACGTCCA AGAACCAGTT CTCTCTGAAA

301 CTGAGTTCTG TGACCGCCGC GGACACGGCC GTGTATTACT GTGCGAGAGA

351 TCGTATTACT ATAATTCGGG GACTTATTCC ATCCTTCTTT GACTACTGGG

401 GCCAGGGAAC CCTGGTCACC GTCTCCTCAG CTTCCACCAA GGGCCCATCC

451 GTCTTCCCCC TGGCGCCCTG CTCTAGAAGC ACCTCCGAGA GCACAGCGGC

501 CCTGGGCTGC CTGGTCAAGG ACTACTTCCC CGAACCGGTG ACGGTGTCGT

551 GGAACTCAGG CGCTCTGACC AGCGGCGTGC ACACCTTCCC AGCTGTCCTA

601 CAGTCCTCAG GACTCTACTC CCTCAGCAGC GTGGTGACCG TGCCCTCCAG

651 CAACTTCGGC ACCCAGACCT ACACCTGCAA CGTAGATCAC AAGCCCAGCA

701 ACACCAAGGT GGACAAGACA GTTGAGCGCA AATGTTGTGT CGAGTGCCCA

751 CCGTGCCCAG CACCACCTGT GGCAGGACCG TCAGTCTTCC TCTTCCCCCC

801 AAAACCCAAG GACACCCTCA TGATCTCCCG GACCCCTGAG GTCACGTGCG

851 TGGTGGTGGA CGTGAGCCAC GAAGACCCCG AGGTCCAGTT CAACTGGTAC

901 GTGGACGGCG TGGAGGTGCA TAATGCCAAG ACAAAGCCAC GGGAGGAGCA

951 GTTCAACAGC ACGTTCCGTG TGGTCAGCGT CCTCACCGTT GTGCACCAGG

1001 ACTGGCTGAA CGGCAAGGAG TACAAGTGCA AGGTCTCCAA CAAAGGCCTC

1051 CCAGCCCCCA TCGAGAAAAC CATCTCCAAA ACCAAAGGGC AGCCCCGAGA

1101 ACCACAGGTG TACACCCTGC CCCCATCCCG GGAGGAGATG ACCAAGAACC

1151 AGGTCAGCCT GACCTGCCTG GTCAAAGGCT TCTACCCCAG CGACATCGCC

1201 GTGGAGTGGG AGAGCAATGG GCAGCCGGAG AACAACTACA AGACCACACC

1251 TCCCATGCTG GACTCCGACG GCTCCTTCTT CCTCTACAGC AAGCTCACCG

1301 TGGACAAGAG CAGGTGGCAG CAGGGGAACG TCTTCTCATG CTCCGTGATG

1351 CATGAGGCTC TGCACAACCA CTACACGCAG AAGAGCCTCT CCCTGTCTCC

1401 GGGTAAATGA TAG

SEQ ID NO.14
6.67.1-mod Predicted Heavy Chain Amino Acid Sequence
1 mkhlwffill vaaprwvlsQ VQLQESGPGL VKPSETLSLT CTVSGDSISS

51 NYWSWIRQPA GKGLEWIGRI YTSGGTNSNP SLRGRVTMSV DTSKNQFSLK

101 LSSVTAADTA VYYCARDRIT IIRGLIPSFF DYWGQGTLVT VSSASTKGPS

151 VFPLAPCSRS TSESTAALGC LVKDYFPEPV TVSWNSGALT SGVHTFPAVL

201 QSSGLYSLSS VVTVPSSNFG TQTYTCNVDH KPSNTKVDKT VERKCCVECP

251 PCPAPPVAGP SVFLFPPKPK DTLMISRTPE VTCVVVDVSH EDPEVQFNWY

301 VDGVEVHNAK TKPREEQFNS TFRVVSVLTV VHQDWLNGKE YKCKVSNKGL

351 PAPIEKTISK TKGQPREPQV YTLPPSREEM TKNQVSLTCL VKGFYPSDIA

401 VEWESNGQPE NNYKTTPPML DSDGSFFLYS KLTVDKSRWQ QGNVFSCSVM

451 HEALHNHYTQ KSLSLSPGK

SEQ ID NO.15
6.67.1-mod_Y Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggtgttgc agacccaggt cttcatttct ctgttgctct ggatctctgg

51 tgcctacggg GACATCGTGA TGACCCAGTC TCCAGACTCC CTGGCTGTGT

101 CTCTGGGCGA GAGGGCCACC ATCAACTGCA AGTCCAGCCA GAGTGTTTTA

151 TACAGCTCCA ACAATAAGAA CTACTTAGCT TGGTACCAAC AGAAACCAGG

201 ACAGCCTCCT AAATTGCTCA TTTACTGGGC ATCTATACGG GAATATGGGG

251 TCCCTGACCG ATTCAGTGGC AGCGGGTCTG GGACAGATTT CACTCTCACC

301 ATCAGCAGCC TGCAGGCTGA AGATGTGGCA GTTTATTATT GTCAACAATA

351 TTATAGTATT CCTCCCCTCA CTTTCGGCGG AGGGACCAAG GTGGAGATCA

401 AACGAACTGT GGCTGCACCA TCTGTCTTCA TCTTCCCGCC ATCTGATGAG

451 CAGTTGAAAT CTGGAACTGC CTCTGTTGTG TGCCTGCTGA ATAACTTCTA

501 TCCCAGAGAG GCCAAAGTAC AGTGGAAGGT GGATAACGCC CTCCAATCGG

551 GTAACTCCCA GGAGAGTGTC ACAGAGCAGG ACAGCAAGGA CAGCACCTAC

601 AGCCTCAGCA GCACCCTGAC GCTGAGCAAA GCAGACTACG AGAAACACAA

651 AGTCTACGCC TGCGAAGTCA CCCATCAGGG CCTGAGCTCG CCCGTCACAA

701 AGAGCTTCAA CAGGGGAGAG TGTTAGTGA

SEQ ID NO:16
6.67.1-mod_Y Predicted Kappa Light Chain Amino Acid Sequence
1 mvlqtqvfis iliwisgayg DIVMTQSPDS LAVSLGERAT ThCKSSQSVL

51 YSSNNKNYLA WYQQKPGQPP KLLIYWASIR EYGVPDRFSG SGSGTDFTLT

101 ISSLQAEDVA VYYCQQYYSI PPLTFGGGTK VEIKRTVAAP SVFIFPPSDE

151 QLKSGTASVV CLLNNFYPRE AKVQWKVDNA LQSGNSQESV TEQDSKDSTY

201 SLSSTLTLSK ADYEKHKVYA CEVTHQGLSS PVTKSFNRGE C

SEQ ID NO:17
6.67.1-mod_TΔP Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggtgttgc agacccaggt cttcatttct ctgttgctct ggatctctgg

51 tgcctacggg GACATCGTGA TGACCCAGTC TCCAGACTCC CTGGCTGTGT

101 CTCTGGGCGA GAGGGCCACC ATCAACTGCA AGTCCAGCCA GAGTGTTTTA

151 TACAGCTCCA ACAATAAGAA CTACTTAGCT TGGTACCAAC AGAAACCAGG

201 ACAGCCTCCT AAATTGCTCA TTTACTGGGC ATCTATACGG GAATATGGGG

251 TCCCTGACCG ATTCAGTGGC AGCGGGTCTG GGACAGATTT CACTCTCACC

301 ATCAGCAGCC TGCAGGCTGA AGATGTGGCA GTTTATTTCT GTCAACAATA

351 TTATAGTACC CCT---CTCA CTTTCGGCGG AGGGACCAAG GTGGAGATCA

401 AACGAACTGT GGCTGCACCA TCTGTCTTCA TCTTCCCGCC ATCTGATGAG

451 CAGTTGAAAT CTGGAACTGC CTCTGTTGTG TGCCTGCTGA ATAACTTCTA

501 TCCCAGAGAG GCCAAAGTAC AGTGGAAGGT GGATAACGCC CTCCAATCGG

551 GTAACTCCCA GGAGAGTGTC ACAGAGCAGG ACAGCAAGGA CAGCACCTAC

601 AGCCTCAGCA GCACCCTGAC GCTGAGCAAA GCAGACTACG AGAAACACAA

651 AGTCTACGCC TGCGAAGTCA CCCATCAGGG CCTGAGCTCG CCCGTCACAA

701 AGAGCTTCAA CAGGGGAGAG TGTTAGTGA

SEQ ID NO:18
6.67.1-mod_TΔP Predicted Kappa Light Chain Amino Acid Sequence
1 mvlgtqvfis iliwisgayg DIVMTQSPDS LAVSLGERAT INCKSSQSVL

51 YSSNNKNYLA WYQQKPGQPP KLLIYWASIR EYGVPDRFSG SGSGTDFTLT

101 ISSLQAEDVA VYFCQQYYST P-LTFGGGTK VEIKRTVAAP SVFIFPPSDE

151 QLKSGTASVV CLLNNFYPRE AKVQWKVDNA LQSGNSQESV TEQDSKDSTY

201 SLSSTLTLSK ADYEKHKVYA CEVTHQGLSS PVTKSFNRGE C

SEQ ID NO:19
6.67.1-mod_Y, TΔP Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggtgttgc agacccaggt cttcatttct ctgttgctct ggatctctgg

51 tgcctacggg GACATCGTGA TGACCCAGTC TCCAGACTCC CTGGCTGTGT

101 CTCTGGGCGA GAGGGCCACC ATCAACTGCA AGTCCAGCCA GAGTGTTTTA

151 TACAGCTCCA ACAATAAGAA CTACTTAGCT TGGTACCAAC AGAAACCAGG

201 ACAGCCTCCT AAATTGCTCA TTTACTGGGC ATCTATACGG GAATATGGGG

251 TCCCTGACCG ATTCAGTGGC AGCGGGTCTG GGACAGATTT CACTCTCACC

301 ATCAGCAGCC TGCAGGCTGA AGATGTGGCA GTTTATTATT GTCAACAATA

351 TTATAGTACC CCT---CTCA CTTTCGGCGG AGGGACCAAG GTGGAGATCA

401 AACGAACTGT GGCTGCACCA TCTGTCTTCA TCTTCCCGCC ATCTGATGAG

451 CAGTTGAAAT CTGGAACTGC CTCTGTTGTG TGCCTGCTGA ATAACTTCTA

501 TCCCAGAGAG GCCAAAGTAC AGTGGAAGGT GGATAACGCC CTCCAATCGG

551 GTAACTCCCA GGAGAGTGTC ACAGAGCAGG ACAGCAAGGA CAGCACCTAC

601 AGCCTCAGCA GCACCCTGAC GCTGAGCAAA GCAGACTACG AGAAACACAA

651 AGTCTACGCC TGCGAAGTCA CCCATCAGGG CCTGAGCTCG CCCGTCACAA

701 AGAGCTTCAA CAGGGGAGAG TGTTAGTGA

SEQ ID NO:20
6.67.1-mod_Y, TΔP Predicted Kappa Light Chain Amino Acid Sequence
1 mvlgtqvfis lllwisgayg DIVMTQSPDS LAVSLGERAT INCKSSQSVL

51 YSSNNKNYLA WYQQKPGQPP KLLIYWASIR EYGVPDRFSG SGSGTDFTLT

101 ISSLQAEDVA VYYCQQYYST P-LTFGGGTK VEIKRTVAAP SVFIFPPSDE

151 QLKSGTASVV CLLNNFYPRE AKVQWKVDNA LQSGNSQESV TEQDSKDSTY

201 SLSSTLTLSK ADYEKHKVYA CEVTHQGLSS PVTKSFNRGE C

SEQ ID NO:21
6.77.1-mod_ΔS Heavy Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggaactgg ggctccgctg ggttttcctt gttgctattt tagaaggtgt

51 ccagtgtGAG GTGCAGCTGG TGGAGTCTGG GGGAGGCCTG GTCAAGCCTG

101 GGGGGTCCCT GAGACTCTCC TGTGCAGCCT CTGGATTCAC CTTCAGTAGC

151 TATAGCATGA ACTGGGTCCG CCAGGCTCCA GGGAAGGGGC TGGAGTGGGT

201 CTCATCCATT AGTAGTAGTA GTAGTTACAT ATACTACGCA GACTCAGTGA

251 AGGGCCGATT CACCATCTCC AGAGACAACG CCAAGAACTC ACTGTATCTG

301 CAAATGAACA GCCTGAGAGC CGAGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG

351 AGATGGGTAT AGCAGTGGCT GG---TACTA CTACTACTAC GGTATGGACG

401 TCTGGGGCCA AGGGACCACG GTCACCGTCT CCTCAGCTTC CACCAAGGGC

451 CCATCCGTCT TCCCCCTGGC GCCCTGCTCT AGAAGCACCT CCGAGAGCAC

501 AGCGGCCCTG GGCTGCCTGG TCAAGGACTA CTTCCCCGAA CCGGTGACGG

551 TGTCGTGGAA CTCAGGCGCT CTGACCAGCG GCGTGCACAC CTTCCCAGCT

601 GTCCTACAGT CCTCAGGACT CTACTCCCTC AGCAGCGTGG TGACCGTGCC

651 CTCCAGCAAC TTCGGCACCC AGACCTACAC CTGCAACGTA GATCACAAGC

701 CCAGCAACAC CAAGGTGGAC AAGACAGTTG AGCGCAAATG TTGTGTCGAG

751 TGCCCACCGT GCCCAGCACC ACCTGTGGCA GGACCGTCAG TCTTCCTCTT

801 CCCCCCAAAA CCCAAGGACA CCCTCATGAT CTCCCGGACC CCTGAGGTCA

851 CGTGCGTGGT GGTGGACGTG AGCCACGAAG ACCCCGAGGT CCAGTTCAAC

901 TGGTACGTGG ACGGCGTGGA GGTGCATAAT GCCAAGACAA AGCCACGGGA

951 GGAGCAGTTC AACAGCACGT TCCGTGTGGT CAGCGTCCTC ACCGTTGTGC

1001 ACCAGGACTG GCTGAACGGC AAGGAGTACA AGTGCAAGGT CTCCAACAAA

1051 GGCCTCCCAG CCCCCATCGA GAAAACCATC TCCAAAACCA AAGGGCAGCC

1101 CCGAGAACCA CAGGTGTACA CCCTGCCCCC ATCCCGGGAG GAGATGACCA

1151 AGAACCAGGT CAGCCTGACC TGCCTGGTCA AAGGCTTCTA CCCCAGCGAC

1201 ATCGCCGTGG AGTGGGAGAG CAATGGGCAG CCGGAGAACA ACTACAAGAC

1251 CACACCTCCC ATGCTGGACT CCGACGGCTC CTTCTTCCTC TACAGCAAGC

1301 TCACCGTGGA CAAGAGCAGG TGGCAGCAGG GGAACGTCTT CTCATGCTCC

1351 GTGATGCATG AGGCTCTGCA CAACCACTAC ACGCAGAAGA GCCTCTCCCT

1401 GTCTCCGGGT AAATGATAG

SEQ ID NO:22
6.77.1-mod_ΔS Predicted Heavy Chain Protein Sequence
1 melglrwvfl vailegvgcE VQLVESGGGL VKPGGSLRLS CAASGFTFSS

51 YSMNWVRQAP GKGLEWVSSI SSSSSYIYYA DSVKGRFTIS RDNAKNSLYL

101 QMNSLRAEDT AVYYCARDGY SSGW-YYYYY GMDVWGQGTT VTVSSASTKG

151 PSVFPLAPCS RSTSESTAAL GCLVKDYFPE PVTVSWNSGA LTSGVHTFPA

201 VLQSSGLYSL SSVVTVPSSN FGTQTYTCNV DHKPSNTKVD KTVERKCCVE

251 CPPCPAPPVA GPSVFLFPPK PKDTLMISRT PEVTCVVVDV SHEDPEVQFN

301 WYVDGVEVHN AKTKPREEQF NSTFRVVSVL TVVHQDWLNG KEYKCKVSNK

351 GLPAPIEKTI SKTKGQPREP QVYTLPPSRE EMTKNQVSLT CLVKGFYPSD

401 IAVEWESNGQ PENNYKTTPP MLDSDGSFFL YSKLTVDKSR WQQGNVFSCS

451 VMHEALHNHY TQKSLSLSPG K

SEQ ID NO:23
6.77.1-mod Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atgaggctcc ctgctcagct cctggggctg ctaatgctct ggatacctgg

51 atccagtgca GATATTGTGA TGACCCAGAC TCCACTCTCT CTGTCCGTCA

101 CTCCTGGACA GCCGGCCTCC ATCTCCTGCA AGTCTAGTCA GAGCCTCCTG

151 CTTAGTGATG GAAAGACCTA TTTGAATTGG TACCTGCAGA AGCCCGGCCA

201 GCCTCCACAG CTCCTGATCT ATGAAGTTTC CAACCGGTTC TCTGGAGTGC

251 CAGACAGGTT CAGTGGCAGC GGGTCAGGGA CAGATTTCAC ACTGAAAATC

301 AGCCGGGTGG AGGCTGAGGA TGTTGGGGTT TATTACTGCA TGCAAAGTAT

351 ACAGCTTATG TGCAGTTTTG GCCAGGGGAC CAAGCTGGAG ATCAAACGAA

401 CTGTGGCTGC ACCATCTGTC TTCATCTTCC CGCCATCTGA TGAGCAGTTG

451 AAATCTGGAA CTGCCTCTGT TGTGTGCCTG CTGAATAACT TCTATCCCAG

501 AGAGGCCAAA GTACAGTGGA AGGTGGATAA CGCCCTCCAA TCGGGTAACT

551 CCCAGGAGAG TGTCACAGAG CAGGACAGCA AGGACAGCAC CTACAGCCTC

601 AGCAGCACCC TGACGCTGAG CAAAGCAGAC TACGAGAAAC ACAAAGTCTA

651 CGCCTGCGAA GTCACCCATC AGGGCCTGAG CTCGCCCGTC ACAAAGAGCT

701 TCAACAGGGG AGAGTGTTAG TGA

SEQ ID NO.24
6.77.1-mod Predicted Kappa Light Chain Amino Acid Sequence
1 mrlpagllgl lmlwipgssa DIVMTQTPLS LSVTPGQPAS ISCKSSQSLL

51 LSDGKTYLNW YLQKPGQPPQ LLIYEVSNPF SGVPDRFSGS GSGTDFTLKI

101 SRVEAEDVGV YSCMQSIQLM SSFGQGTKLE IKRTVAAPSV FIFPPSDEQL

151 KSGTASVVCL LNNFYPREAK VQWKVDNALQ SGNSQESVTE QDSKDSTYSL

201 SSTLTLSKAD YEKHKVYACE VTHQGLSSPV TKSFNRGEC

SEQ ID NO.25
7.16.6 Heavy Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggactgga cctggagcat ccttttcttg gtggcagcag caacaggtgc

51 ccactccCAG GTTCAGCTGG TGCAGTCTGG AGCTGAGGTG AAGAAGCCTG

101 GGGCCTCAGT GAAGGTCTCC TGCAAGGCTT CTGGTTACAC CTTTACCAGC

151 TATGGTATCA ACTGGGTGCG ACAGGCCCCT GGACAAGGGC TTGAGTGGAT

201 GGGATGGATC AGCGTTTACA GTGGTAACAC AAACTATGCA CAGAAGGTCC

251 AGGGCAGAGT CACCATGACC GCAGACACAT CCACGAGCAC AGCCTACATG

301 GACCTGAGGA GCCTGAGATC TGACGACACG GCCGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG

351 AGAGGGTAGC AGCTCGTCCG GAGACTACTA TTACGGTATG GACGTCTGGG

401 GCCAAGGGAC CACGGTCACC GTCTCCTCAG CCTCCACCAA GGGCCCATCG

451 GTCTTCCCCC TGGCGCCCTG CTCCAGGAGC ACCTCCGAGA GCACAGCGGC

501 CCTGGGCTGC CTGGTCAAGG ACTACTTCCC CGAACCGGTG ACGGTGTCGT

551 GGAACTCAGG CGCTCTGACC AGCGGCGTGC ACACCTTCCC AGCTGTCCTA

601 CAGTCCTCAG GACTCTACTC CCTCAGCAGC GTGGTGACCG TGCCCTCCAG

651 CAACTTCGGC ACCCAGACCT ACACCTGCAA CGTAGATCAC AAGCCCAGCA

701 ACACCAAGGT GGACAAGACA GTTGAGCGCA AATGTTGTGT CGAGTGCCCA

751 CCGTGCCCAG CACCACCTGT GGCAGGACCG TCAGTCTTCC TCTTCCCCCC

801 AAAACCCAAG GACACCCTCA TGATCTCCCG GACCCCTGAG GTCACGTGCG

851 TGGTGGTGGA CGTGAGCCAC GAAGACCCCG AGGTCCAGTT CAACTGGTAC

901 GTGGACGGCG TGGAGGTGCA TAATGCCAAG ACAAAGCCAC GGGAGGAGCA

951 GTTCAACAGC ACGTTCCGTG TGGTCAGCGT CCTCACCGTT GTGCACCAGG

1001 ACTGGCTGAA CGGCAAGGAG TACAAGTGCA AGGTCTCCAA CAAAGGCCTC

1051 CCAGCCCCCA TCGAGAAAAC CATCTCCAAA ACCAAAGGGC AGCCCCGAGA

1101 ACCACAGGTG TACACCCTGC CCCCATCCCG GGAGGAGATG ACCAAGAACC

1151 AGGTCAGCCT GACCTGCCTG GTCAAAGGCT TCTACCCCAG CGACATCGCC

1201 GTGGAGTGGG AGAGCAATGG GCAGCCGGAG AACAACTACA AGACCACACC

1251 TCCCATGCTG GACTCCGACG GCTCCTTCTT CCTCTACAGC AAGCTCACCG

1301 TGGACAAGAG CAGGTGGCAG CAGGGGAACG TCTTCTCATG CTCCGTGATG

1351 CATGAGGCTC TGCACAACCA CTACACGCAG AAGAGCCTCT CCCTGTCTCC

1401 GGGTAAATGA

SEQ ID NO.26
7.16.6 Predicted Heavy Chain Protein Sequence
1 mdwtwsilfl vaaatgahsQ VQLVQSGAEV KKPGASVKVS CKASGYTFTS

51 YGINWVRQAP GQGLEWMGWI SVYSGNTNYA QKVQGRVTMT ADTSTSTAYM

101 DLRSLRSDDT AVYYCAREGS SSSGDYYYGM DVWGQGTTVT VSSASTKGPS

151 VFPLAPCSRS TSESTAALGC LVKDYFPEPV TVSWNSGALT SGVHTFPAVL

201 QSSGLYSLSS VVTVPSSNFG TQTYTCNVDH KPSNTKVDKT VERKCCVECP

251 PCPAPPVAGP SVFLFPPKPK DTLMISRTPE VTCVVVDVSH EDPEVQFNWY

301 VDGVEVHNAX TKPREEQFNS TFRVVSVLTV VHQDWLNGKE YKCKVSNKGL

351 PAPIEKTISK TKGQPREPQV YTLPPSREEM TKNQVSLTCL VKGFYPSDIA

401 VEWESNGQPE NNYKTTPPML DSDGSFFLYS KLTVDKSRWQ QGNVFSCSVM

451 HEALHNHYTQ KSLSLSPGK

SEQ ID NO:27
7.16.6_L Heavy Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggactgga cctggagcat ccttttcttg gtggcagcag caacaggtgc

51 ccactccCAG GTTCAGCTGG TGCAGTCTGG AGCTGAGGTG AAGAAGCCTG

101 GGGCCTCAGT GAAGGTCTCC TGCAAGGCTT CTGGTTACAC CTTTACCAGC

151 TATGGTATCA ACTGGGTGCG ACAGGCCCCT GGACAAGGGC TTGAGTGGAT

201 GGGATGGATC AGCGTTTACA GTGGTAACAC AAACTATGCA CAGAAGCTTC

251 AGGGCAGAGT CACCATGACC GCAGACACAT CCACGAGCAC AGCCTACATG

301 GACCTGAGGA GCCTGAGATC TGACGACACG GCCGTGTATT ACTGTGCGAG

351 AGAGGGTAGC AGCTCGTCCG GAGACTACTA TTACGGTATG GACGTCTGGG

401 GCCAAGGGAC CACGGTCACC GTCTCCTCAG CCTCCACCAA GGGCCCATCG

451 GTCTTCCCCC TGGCGCCCTG CTCCAGGAGC ACCTCCGAGA GCACAGCGGC

501 CCTGGGCTGC CTGGTCAAGG ACTACTTCCC CGAACCGGTG ACGGTGTCGT

551 GGAACTCAGG CGCTCTGACC AGCGGCGTGC ACACCTTCCC AGCTGTCCTA

601 CAGTCCTCAG GACTCTACTC CCTCAGCAGC GTGGTGACCG TGCCCTCCAG

651 CAACTTCGGC ACCCAGACCT ACACCTGCAA CGTAGATCAC AAGCCCAGCA

701 ACACCAAGGT GGACAAGACA GTTGAGCGCA AATGTTGTGT CGAGTGCCCA

751 CCGTGCCCAG CACCACCTGT GGCAGGACCG TCAGTCTTCC TCTTCCCCCC

801 AAAACCCAAG GACACCCTCA TGATCTCCCG GACCCCTGAG GTCACGTGCG

851 TGGTGGTGGA CGTGAGCCAC GAAGACCCCG AGGTCCAGTT CAACTGGTAC

901 GTGGACGGCG TGGAGGTGCA TAATGCCAAG ACAAAGCCAC GGGAGGAGCA

951 GTTCAACAGC ACGTTCCGTG TGGTCAGCGT CCTCACCGTT GTGCACCAGG

1001 ACTGGCTGAA CGGCAAGGAG TACAAGTGCA AGGTCTCCAA CAAAGGCCTC

1051 CCAGCCCCCA TCGAGAAAAC CATCTCCAAA ACCAAAGGGC AGCCCCGAGA

1101 ACCACAGGTG TACACCCTGC CCCCATCCCG GGAGGAGATG ACCAAGAACC

1151 AGGTCAGCCT GACCTGCCTG GTCAAAGGCT TCTACCCCAG CGACATCGCC

1201 GTGGAGTGGG AGAGCAATGG GCAGCCGGAG AACAACTACA AGACCACACC

1251 TCCCATGCTG GACTCCGACG GCTCCTTCTT CCTCTACAGC AAGCTCACCG

1301 TGGACAAGAG CAGGTGGCAG CAGGGGAACG TCTTCTCATG CTCCGTGATG

1352 CATGAGGCTC TGCACAACCA CTACACGCAG AAGAGCCTCT CCCTGTCTCC

1401 GGGTAAATGA

SEQ ID NO.28
7.16.6_L Predicted Heavy Chain Protein Sequence
1 mdwtwsilfl vaaatgahsQ VQLVQSGAEV KKPGASVKVS CKASGYTFTS

51 YGThWVRQAP GQGLEWMGWI SVYSGNTNYA QKLQGRVTMT ADTSTSTAYM

101 DLRSLRSDDT AVYYCAREGS SSSGDYYYGM DVWGQGTTVT VSSASTKGPS

151 VFPLAPCSRS TSESTAALGC LVKDYFPEPV TVSWNSGALT SGVHTFPAVL

201 QSSGLYSLSS VVTVPSSNFG TQTYTCNVDH KPSNTKVDKT VERKCCVECP

251 PCPAPPVAGP SVFLFPPKPK DTLMISRTPE VTCVVVDVSH EDPEVQFNWY

301 VDGVEVHNAK TKPREEQFNS TFRVVSVLTV VHQDWLNGKE YKCKVSNKGL

351 PAPIEKTISK TKGQPREPQV YTLPPSREEM TKNQVSLTCL VKGFYPSDIA

401 VEWESNGQPE NNYKTTPPML DSDGSFFLYS KLTVDKSRWQ QGNVFSCSVM

452 HEALHNHYTQ KSLSLSPGK

SEQ ID NO:29
7.16.6_V Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atgaggctcc ctgctcagct cctggggctg ctaatgctct ggatacctgg

51 atccagtgca GATATTGTGA TGACCCAGAC TCCACTCTCT CTGTCCGTCA

101 CCCCTGGACA GCCGGCCTCC ATCTCCTGCA AGTCTAGTCA GAGCCTCCTG

151 CATACTGATG GAACGACCTA TTTGTATTGG TACCTGCAGA AGCCAGGCCA

201 GCCTCCACAG CTCCTGATCT ATGAAGTTTC CAACCGGTTC TCTGGAGTGC

251 CAGATAGGTT CAGTGGCAGC GGGTCAGGGA CAGATTTCAC ACTGAAAATC

301 AGCCGGGTGG AGGCTGAGGA TGTTGGGGTT TATTACTGCA TGCAAAATAT

351 ACAGCTTCCG TGGACGTTCG GCCAAGGGAC CAAGGTGGAA ATCAAACGAA

401 CTGTGGCTGC ACCATCTGTC TTCATCTTCC CGCCATCTGA TGAGCAGTTG

451 AAATCTGGAA CTGCCTCTGT TGTGTGCCTG CTGAATAACT TCTATCCCAG

501 AGAGGCCAAA GTACAGTGGA AGGTGGATAA CGCCCTCCAA TCGGGTAACT

551 CCCAGGAGAG TGTCACAGAG CAGGACAGCA AGGACAGCAC CTACAGCCTC

601 AGCAGCACCC TGACGCTGAG CAAAGCAGAC TACGAGAAAC ACAAAGTCTA

651 CGCCTGCGAA GTCACCCATC AGGGCCTGAG CTCGCCCGTC ACAAAGAGCT

701 TCAACAGGGG AGAGTGTTAG TGA

SEQ ID NO:30
7.16.6_V Predicted Kappa Light Chain Protein Sequence
1 mrlpagllgl lmlwipgssa DTVMTQTPLS LSVTPGQPAS ISCKSSQSLL

51 HTDGTTYLYW YLQKPGQPPQ LLIYEVSNRF SGVPDRFSGS GSGTDFTLKI

101 SRVEAEDVGV YYCMQNIQLP WTFGQGTKVE IKRTVAAPSV FIFPPSDEQL

151 KSGTASVVCL LNNFYPREAK VQWKVDNALQ SGNSQESVTE QDSKDSTYSL

201 SSTLTLSKAD YEKHKVYACE VTHQGLSSPV TKSFNRGEC

SEQ ID NO:31
7.16.6_S Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atgaggctcc ctgctcagct cctggggctg ctaatgctct ggatacctgg

51 atccagtgca GATATTGTGA TGACCCAGAC TCCACTCTCT CTGTCCGTCA

101 CCCCTGGACA GCCGGCCTCC ATCTCCTGCA AGTCTAGTCA GAGCCTCCTG

151 CATACTGATG GAACGACCTA TTTGTATTGG TACCTGCAGA AGCCAGGCCA

201 GCCTCCACAG CTCCTGATCT ATGAAGTTTC CAACCGGTTC TCTGGAGTGC

251 CAGATAGGTT CAGTGGCAGC GGGTCAGGGA CAGATTTCAC ACTGAAAATC

301 AGCCGGGTGG AGGCTGAGGA TGTTGGGATT TATTACTGCA TGCAAAGTAT

351 ACAGCTTCCG TGGACGTTCG GCCAAGGGAC CAAGGTGGAA ATCAAACGAA

401 CTGTGGCTGC ACCATCTGTC TTCATCTTCC CGCCATCTGA TGAGCAGTTG

451 AAATCTGGAA CTGCCTCTGT TGTGTGCCTG CTGAATAACT TCTATCCCAG

501 AGAGGCCAAA GTACAGTGGA AGGTGGATAA CGCCCTCCAA TCGGGTAACT

551 CCCAGGAGAG TGTCACAGAG CAGGACAGCA AGGACAGCAC CTACAGCCTC

601 AGCAGCACCC TGACGCTGAG CAAAGCAGAC TACGAGAAAC ACAAAGTCTA

651 CGCCTGCGAA GTCACCCATC AGGGCCTGAG CTCGCCCGTC ACAAAGAGCT

701 TCAACAGGGG AGAGTGTTAG TGA

SEQ ID NO:32
7.16.6_S Predicted Kappa Light Chain Protein Sequence
1 mrlpagllgl lmlwipgssa DTVMTQTPLS LSVTPGQPAS ISCKSSQSLL

51 HTDGTTYLYW YLQKPGQPPQ LLIYEVSNRF SGVPDRFSGS GSGTDFTLKI

101 SRVEAEDVGI YYCMQSIQLP WTFGQGTKVE IKRTVAAPSV FIFPPSDEQL

151 KSGTASVVCL LNNFYPREAK VQWKVDNALQ SGNSQESVTE QDSKDSTYSL

201 SSTLTLSKAD YEKHKVYACE VTHQGLSSPV TKSFNRGEC

SEQ ID NO:33
7.16.6_VS Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atgaggctcc ctgctcagct cctggggctg ctaatgctct ggatacctgg

51 atccagtgca GATATTGTGA TGACCCAGAC TCCACTCTCT CTGTCCGTCA

101 CCCCTGGACA GCCGGCCTCC ATCTCCTGCA AGTCTAGTCA GAGCCTCCTG

151 CATACTGATG GAACGACCTA TTTGTATTGG TACCTGCAGA AGCCAGGCCA

201 GCCTCCACAG CTCCTGATCT ATGAAGTTTC CAACCGGTTC TCTGGAGTGC

251 CAGATAGGTT CAGTGGCAGC GGGTCAGGGA CAGATTTCAC ACTGAAAATC

301 AGCCGGGTGG AGGCTGAGGA TGTTGGGGTT TATTACTGCA TGCAAAGTAT

351 ACAGCTTCCG TGGACGTTCG GCCAAGGGAC CAAGGTGGAA ATCAAACGAA

401 CTGTGGCTGC ACCATCTGTC TTCATCTTCC CGCCATCTGA TGAGCAGTTG

451 AAATCTGGAA CTGCCTCTGT TGTGTGCCTG CTGAATAACT TCTATCCCAG

501 AGAGGCCAAA GTACAGTGGA AGGTGGATAA CGCCCTCCAA TCGGGTAACT

551 CCCAGGAGAG TGTCACAGAG CAGGACAGCA AGGACAGGAC CTACAGCCTC

601 AGCAGCACCC TGACGCTGAG CAAAGCAGAC TACGAGAAAC ACAAAGTCTA

651 CGCCTGCGAA GTCACCCATC AGGGCCTGAG CTCGCCCGTC ACAAAGAGCT

701 TCAACAGGGG AGAGTGTTAG TGA

SEQ ID NO:34
7.16.6_VS Predicted Kappa Light Chain Protein Sequence
1 mrlpagllgl lmlwipgssa DIVMTQTPLS LSVTPGQPAS ISCKSSQSLL

51 HTDGTTYLYW YLQKPGQPPQ LLIYEVSNRF SGVPDRFSGS GSGTDFTLKI

101 SRVEAEDVGV YYCMQSIQLP WTFGQGTKVE IKRTVAAPSV FIFPPSDEQL

151 KSGTASVVCL LNNFYPREAK VQWKVDNALQ SGNSQESVTE QDSKDSTYSL

201 SSTLTLSKAD YEKHKVYACE VTHQGLSSPV TKSFNRGEC

SEQ ID NO:35
9.8.2_ΔRGAYH, D Heavy Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggagtttg ggctgagctg ggttttcctc gttgctcttt taagaggtgt

51 ccagtgtCAG GTGCAGCTGG TGGAGTCTGG GGGAGGCGTG GTCCAGCCTG

101 GGAGGTCCCT GAGACTCTCC TGTGCAGCGT CTGGATTCAC CTTCAGTAGC

151 TATGGCATGC ACTGGGTCCG CCAGGCTCCA GGCAAGGGGC TGGAGTGGGT

201 GGCAGTTATA TGGTATGATG GAAGTAATGA ATACTATGCA GACTCCGTGA

251 AGGGCCGATT CACCATCTCC AGAGACAATT CCAAGAACAC GCTGTATCTG

301 CAAATGAACA GCCTGAGAGC CGAGGACACG GCTGTGTATT ACTGTGCG--

351 ---------- ---TTTGACT ACTGGGGCCA GGGAACCCTG GTCACCGTCT

401 CCTCAGCTTC CACCAAGGGC CCATCCGTCT TCCCCCTGGC GCCCTGCTCC

451 AGGAGCACCT CCGAGAGCAC AGCCGCCCTG GGCTGCCTGG TCAAGGACTA

501 CTTCCCCGAA CCGGTGACGG TGTCGTGGAA CTCAGGCGCC CTGACCAGCG

551 GCGTGCACAC CTTCCCGGCT GTCCTACAGT CCTCAGGACT CTACTCCCTC

601 AGCAGCGTGG TGACCGTGCC CTCCAGCAGC TTGGGCACGA AGACCTACAC

651 CTGCAACGTA GATCACAAGC CCAGCAACAC CAAGGTGGAC AAGAGAGTTG

701 AGTCCAAATA TGGTCCCCCA TGCCCATCAT GCCCAGCACC TGAGTTCCTG

751 GGGGGACCAT CAGTCTTCCT GTTCCCCCCA AAACCCAAGG ACACTCTCAT

801 GATCTCCCGG ACCCCTGAGG TCACGTGCGT GGTGGTGGAC GTGAGCCAGG

851 AAGACCCCGA GGTCCAGTTC AACTGGTACG TGGATGGCGT GGAGGTGCAT

901 AATGCCAAGA CAAAGCCGCG GGAGGAGCAG TTCAACAGCA CGTACCGTGT

951 GGTCAGCGTC CTCACCGTCC TGCACCAGGA CTGGCTGAAC GGCAAGGAGT

1001 ACAAGTGCAA GGTCTCCAAC AAAGGCCTCC CGTCCTCCAT CGAGAAAACC

1051 ATCTCCAAAG CCAAAGGGCA GCCCCGAGAG CCACAGGTGT ACACCCTGCC

1101 CCCATCCCAG GAGGAGATGA CCAAGAACCA GGTCAGCCTG ACCTGCCTGG

1151 TCAAAGGCTT CTACCCCAGC GACATCGCCG TGGAGTGGGA GAGCAATGGG

1201 CAGCCGGAGA ACAACTACAA GACCACGCCT CCCGTGCTGG ACTCCGACGG

1251 CTCCTTCTTC CTCTACAGCA GGCTAACCGT GGACAAGAGC AGGTGGCAGG

1301 AGGGGAATGT CTTCTCATGC TCCGTGATGC ATGAGGCTCT GCACAACCAC

1351 TACACACAGA AGAGCCTCTC CCTGTCTCTG GGTAAATGA

SEQ ID NO:36
9.8.2_ΔRGAYH D Predicted Heavy Chain Protein Sequence
1 mefglswvfl vallrgvgcQ VQLVESGGGV VQPGRSLRLS CAASGFTFSS

51 YGMHWVRQAP GKGLEWVAVI WYDGSNEYYA DSVKGRFTIS RDNSKNTLYL

101 QMNSLRAEDT AVYYCA---- -FDYWGQGTL VTVSSASTKG PSVFPLAPCS

151 RSTSESTAAL GCLVKDYFPE PVTVSWNSGA LTSGVHTFPA VLQSSGLYSL

201 SSVVTVPSSS LGTKTYTCNV DHKPSNTKVD KRVESKYGPP CPSCPAPEFL

251 GGPSVFLFPP KPKDTLMISR TPEVTCVVVD VSQEDPEVQF NWYVDGVEVH

301 NAKTKPREEQ FNSTYRVVSV LTVLHQDWLN GKEYKCKVSN KGLPSSIEKT

351 ISKAKGQPRE PQVYTLPPSQ EEMTKNQVSL TCLVKGFYPS DIAVEWESNG

401 QPENNYKTTP PVLDSDGSFF LYSRLTVDKS RWQEGNVFSC SVMHEALHNH

451 YTQKSLSLSL GK

SEQ ID NO:37
9.8.2-mod Kappa Light Chain Nucleotide Sequence
1 atggacatga gggtccctgc tcagctcctg gggctcctgc tgctctggct

51 ctcagtcgca ggtgccagat gtGACATCCA GATGACCCAG TCTCCATCCT

101 CCCTGTCTGC ATCTGTAGGA GACAGAGTCA CCATCACTTG CCAGGCGAGT

151 CAGGACATTA GCAACTATTT AAATTGGTAT CAGCAGAAAC CAGGGAAAGC

201 CCCTAAGCTC CTGATCTACG ATGCATCCAA TTTGGAAACA GGGGTCCCAT

251 CAAGGTTCAG TGGAAGTGGA TCTGGGACAG ATTTTACTTT CACCATCAGC

301 AGCCTGCAGC CTGAAGATAT TGCAACATAT TCCTGTCAAC ACTCTGATAA

351 TCTCATCACC TTCGGCCAGG GGACACGACT GGAGATTAAA CGAACTGTGG

401 CTGCACCATC TGTCTTCATC TTCCCGCCAT CTGATGAGCA GTTGAAATCT

451 GGAACTGCCT CTGTTGTGTG CCTGCTGAAT AACTTCTATC CCAGAGAGGC

501 CAAAGTACAG TGGAAGGTGG ATAACGCCCT CCAATCGGGT AACTCCCAGG

551 AGAGTGTCAC AGAGCAGGAC AGCAAGGACA GCACCTACAG CCTCAGCAGC

601 ACCCTGACGC TGAGCAAGGC AGACTACGAG AAACACAAAG TCTACGCCTG

651 CGAAGTCACC CATCAGGGCC TGAGCTCGCC CGTCACAAAG AGCTTCAACA

701 GGGGAGAGTG TTAGTGA

SEQ ID NO:38
9.8.2-mod Predicted Kappa Light Chain Protein Sequence
1 mdmrvpagll gllllwlsva garcDIQMTQ SPSSLSASVG DRVTITCQAS

51 QDISNYLNWY QQKPGKAPKL LIYDASNLET GVPSRFSGSG SGTDFTFTIS

101 SLQPEDIATY SCQHSDNLIT FGQGTRLEIK RTVAAPSVFI FPPSDEQLKS

151 GTASVVCLLN NFYPREAKVQ WKVDNALQSG NSQESVTEQD SKDSTYSLSS

201 TLTLSKADYE KHKVYACEVT HQGLSSPVTK SFNRGEC

Claims

1. A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds MAdCAM, or antigen-binding portion thereof, selected from the group consisting of:

(a) an antibody comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 6.22.2-mod_V (SEQ ID NO: 2);

(b) an antibody comprising the variable region of the light chain of 6.34.2-mod_SSQ, 6.34.2-mod_QT, or 6.34.2-mod_SSQ,QT (SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12);

(c) an antibody comprising the variable region of the light chain of 6.67.1-mod_Y, 6.67.1-mod_TAP, or 6.67.1-mod_Y,TΔP (SEQ ID NOs: 16, 18, 20);

(d) an antibody comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 6.77.1-mod_AS (SEQ ID NO: 22);

(e) an antibody comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 7.16.6_L (SEQ ID NO: 28); or

(f) an antibody comprising the variable region of the light chain of 7.16.6_V, 7.16.6_S, or 7.16.6_VS (SEQ ID NOs: 30, 32, 34);

(g) an antibody comprising the variable region of the light chain of 7.16.6_V, 7.16.6_S, or 7.16.6_VS (SEQ ID NOs: 30, 32, 34) and the variable region of the heavy chain of 7.16.6_L (SEQ ID NO: 28);

(h) an antibody comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 9.8.2_ΔRGAYH,D (SEQ ID NO: 36); and

(i) an antibody comprising the variable region of the light chain of 9.8.2-mod (SEQ ID NO: 38).

2. The antibody or portion thereof of claim 1, selected from the group consisting of:

(a) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3;

(b) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NOs: 7, 9 or 11;

(c) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NOs: 15, 17, or 19;

(d) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 23;

(e) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 25 or 27 and SEQ ID NOs: 29, 31, or 33; and

(f) an antibody comprising the variable regions encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35 and SEQ ID NO: 37.

3. The antibody or portion thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4, without the signal sequences;

(b) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, or 12, without the signal sequences;

(c) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 18, or 20, without the signal sequences;

(d) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 and SEQ ID NO: 24, without the signal sequences;

(e) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 26 or 28 and SEQ ID NOs: 30, 32 or 34, without the signal sequences; and

(f) an antibody comprising the variable regions of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36 and SEQ ID NO: 38, without the signal sequences.

4. The antibody or portion thereof of claim 1, selected from the group consisting of:

(a) an antibody encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3;

(b) an antibody encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NOs: 7, 9 or 11;

(c) an antibody encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NOs: 15, 17, or 19;

(d) an antibody encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 23;

(e) an antibody encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 25 or 27 and SEQ ID NOs: 29, 31, or 33; and

(f) an antibody encoded by the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35 and SEQ ID NO: 37.

5. The monoclonal antibody or portion thereof of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heavy chain C-terminal lysine is cleaved.

6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient and the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof selected from the group consisting of:

(c) an antibody comprising the variable region of the light chain of 6.67.1-mod_Y, 6.67.1-mod_TΔP, or 6.67.1-mod_Y,TΔP (SEQ ID NOs: 16, 18, 20);

(d) an antibody comprising the variable region of the heavy chain of 6.77.1-mod_ΔS (SEQ ID NO: 22);

(i) an antibody comprising the variable region of the light chain of 9.8.2-mod (SEQ ID NO: 38). of claim 1.

7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6 comprising an antibody or portion thereof selected from the group consisting of:

8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6 comprising an antibody or portion thereof selected from the group consisting of:

9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6 comprising an antibody or portion thereof selected from the group consisting of:

10. The pharmaceutical composition any of claims 6 to 9, wherein the heavy chain C-terminal lysine of the antibody of portion thereof is cleaved.

11. A method of treating inflammatory disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said subject the monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof selected from the group consisting of:

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said inflammatory disease involves MAdCAM-mediated adhesion of leukocytes.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the disease is selected from inflammatory bowel disease, liver fibrosis, graft versus host disease, uveitis, encephalitis, insulin-dependent diabetes,

14. The method of claim 13, wherein inflammatory bowel disease is Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

15. The method of claim 11, comprising administering an antibody or portion thereof selected from the group consisting of:

16. The method of claim 11, comprising administering an antibody or portion thereof selected from the group consisting of:

17. The method of claim 11, comprising administering an antibody or portion thereof of selected from the group consisting of:

18. The method of any of claims 11-17, comprising administering the antibody or portion thereof wherein the heavy chain C-terminal lysine of the antibody of portion thereof is cleaved.