US20060117497A1

US20060117497A1 - Composition for dyeing keratin fibres with a cationic direct dye and a thickening polymer

Info

Publication number: US20060117497A1
Application number: US11/339,466
Authority: US
Inventors: Gerard Lang; Jean Cotteret
Original assignee: LOreal SA
Current assignee: LOreal SA
Priority date: 1998-07-09
Filing date: 2006-01-26
Publication date: 2006-06-08
Also published as: RU2180833C2; DE69925674T2; HU221345B1; US20050144741A1; PT970684E; HU9902330D0; ES2244157T3; BR9903212B1; BR9903212A; AU3796699A; ZA994102B; US7300473B2; CN1248434A; JP2000086472A; DE69925674D1; JP2004339236A; KR100355642B1; EP0970684A1; HUP9902330A3; FR2780883A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a composition for dyeing fibers such as the hair, comprising at least one cationic direct dye of given formula, and which also contains at least one thickening polymer chosen from the group comprising:—nonionic amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit containing a fatty chain,—anionic amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit containing a fatty chain,—cationic amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit containing a fatty chain. The invention also relates to the dyeing processes and dyeing kits therefor.

Description

The invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one cationic direct dye of given formula and at least one specific thickening polymer.
The invention also relates to the dyeing processes and dyeing devices using the said composition.
Two types of dyeing may be distinguished in the haircare sector.
The first is semi-permanent or temporary dyeing, or direct dyeing, which uses dyes capable of giving the hair a natural coloration, a more or less pronounced colour change which may withstand shampooing several times. These dyes are also known as direct dyes; they can be used with or without an oxidizing agent. In the presence of an oxidizing agent, the aim is to obtain lightening dyeing. Lightening dyeing is carried out by applying a mixture, prepared at the time of use, of a direct dye and an oxidizing agent to the hair, and makes it possible in particular to obtain, by lightening the melanin in the hair, an advantageous effect such as a unified colour in the case of grey hair, or to bring out the colour in the case of naturally pigmented hair.
The second is permanent dyeing or oxidation dyeing. This is carried out with so-called “oxidation” dyes comprising oxidation dye precursors and couplers. Oxidation dye precursors, commonly known as “oxidation bases”, are compounds which are initially colourless or weakly coloured which develop their dyeing power on the hair in the presence of oxidizing agents added at the time of use, leading to the formation of coloured compounds and dyes. The formation of these coloured compounds and dyes results either from an oxidative condensation of the “oxidation bases” with themselves or from an oxidative condensation of the oxidation bases with coloration-modifying compounds commonly known as “couplers”, which are generally present in the dye compositions used in oxidation dyeing.
It is known practice to add direct dyes to oxidation dyes in order to vary the shades obtained with the said oxidation dyes or to enrich the shades with glints.
Among the cationic direct dyes available in the sector of dyeing keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres, the compounds whose structure is developed in the text hereinbelow are already known; nevertheless, these dyes lead to colorations which have characteristics that are still unsatisfactory as regards the intensity, the homogeneity of the colour distributed along the fibre, in which case the coloration is said to be too selective, and as regards the staying power, in terms of the resistance to the various attacking factors to which the hair may be subjected (light, bad weather, shampooing).
After considerable research conducted in this matter, the Applicant has now discovered that it is possible to obtain novel compositions for dyeing keratin fibres which are capable of giving more intense and yet unselective colorations which show good resistance to the various attacking factors to which the hair may be subjected, by combining at least one specific thickening polymer with at least one known cationic direct dye of the prior art, which have the respective formulae defined below.
This discovery forms the basis of the present invention.
A first subject of the present invention is thus a composition for dyeing keratin fibres, and in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, containing, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, (i) at least one cationic direct dye whose structure corresponds to formulae (I) to (IV) defined below, characterized in that it also contains (ii) at least one specific thickening polymer.
(i) The cationic direct dye which can be used according to the present invention is a compound chosen from those of formulae (I), (II), (III), (III′) and (IV) below:
a) the compounds of formula (I) below:

in which:
D represents a nitrogen atom or a —CH group,
R₁and R₂, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom; a C₁-C₄alkyl radical which can be substituted with a —CN, —OH or —NH₂radical or form, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, a heterocycle optionally containing oxygen or nitrogen, which can be substituted with one or more C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; a 4′-aminophenyl radical,
R₃and R′₃, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, a cyano radical, or a C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or acetyloxy radical,
X⁻ represents an anion preferably chosen from chloride, methyl sulphate and acetate,
A represents a group chosen from the structures A1 to A19 below:

in which R₄represents a C₁-C₄alkyl radical which can be substituted with a hydroxyl radical and R₅represents a C₁-C₄alkoxy radical, with the proviso that when D represents —CH, when A represents A₄or A₁₃and when R₃is other than an alkoxy radical, then R₁and R₂do not simultaneously denote a hydrogen atom;
b) the compounds of formula (II) below:

in which:
R₆represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄alkyl radical,
R₇represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical which can be substituted with a —CN radical or with an amino group, a 4′-aminophenyl radical or forms with R₆a heterocycle optionally containing oxygen and/or nitrogen, which can be substituted with a C₁-C₄alkyl radical,
R₆and R₉, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such as bromine, chlorine, iodine or fluorine, a C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄alkoxy radical or a —CN radical,
X⁻ represents an anion preferably chosen from chloride, methyl sulphate and acetate,
B represents a group chosen from the structures B1 to B6 below:

in which R₁₀represents a C₁-C₄alkyl radical, R₁₁and R₁₂, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄alkyl radical;
c) the compounds of formulae (III) and (III′) below:

in which:
R₁₃represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄alkoxy radical, a halogen atom such as bromine, chlorine, iodine or fluorine, or an amino radical,
R₁₄represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄alkyl radical or forms, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, a heterocycle optionally containing oxygen and/or substituted with one or more C₁-C₄alkyl groups,
R₁₅represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom such as bromine, chlorine, iodine or fluorine,
R₁₆and R₁₇, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄alkyl radical,
D₁and D₂, which may be identical or different, represent a nitrogen atom or a —CH group,
m=0 or 1,
it being understood that when R₁₃represents an unsubstituted amino group, then D₁and D₂simultaneously represent a —CH group and m=0,
X⁻ represents an anion preferably chosen from chloride, methyl sulphate and acetate,
E represents a group chosen from the structures E1 to E8 below:

in which R′ represents a C₁-C₄alkyl radical;
when m=0 and when D₁represents a nitrogen atom, then E can also denote a group of structure E9 below:

in which R′ represents a C₁-C₄alkyl radical;
d) the compounds of formula (IV) below:
G-N═N-J (IV)
in which:
the symbol G represents a group chosen from the structures G₁to G₃below:

in which structures G₁to G₃,
R₁₈denotes a C₁-C₄alkyl radical, a phenyl radical which can be substituted with a C₁-C₄alkyl radical or a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine;
R₁₉denotes a C₁-C₄alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;
R₂₀and R₂₁, which may be identical or different, represent a C₁-C₄alkyl radical, a phenyl radical or together form, in G₁, a benzene ring substituted with one or more C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or NO₂radicals or together form, in G₂, a benzene ring optionally substituted with one or more C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or NO₂radicals;
R₂₀can also denote a hydrogen atom;
Z denotes an oxygen or sulphur atom or a group —NR₁₉;
M represents a —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁-C₄alkyl) or —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_rgroup;
K represents a —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁-C₄alkyl) or —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_rgroup;
P represents a —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁-C₄alkyl) or —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_rgroup; r denotes zero or 1;
R₂₂represents an O⁻ anion, a C₁-C₄alkoxy radical or a C₁-C₄alkyl radical;
R₂₃and R₂₄, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, a C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄alkoxy radical or an —NO₂radical;
X⁻ represents an anion preferably chosen from chloride, iodide, methyl sulphate, ethyl sulphate, acetate and perchlorate;
with the proviso that,
if R₂₂denotes O⁻, then r denotes zero;
if K or P or M denote C₁-C₄—N⁺-alkyl X⁻, then R₂₃or R₂₄is other than a hydrogen atom;
if K denotes —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_r, then M=P═—CH, —CR;
if M denotes —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_r, then K═P═—CH, —CR;
if P denotes —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_r, then K=M and denote —CH or —CR;
if Z denotes a sulphur atom with R₂₁denoting C₁-C₄alkyl, then R₂₀is other than a hydrogen atom;
if Z denotes —NR₂₂with R₁₉denoting C₁-C₄alkyl, then at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂₀or R₂₁of the group of structure G₂is other than a C₁-C₄alkyl radical;
the symbol J represents:
(a) a group of
structure J₁below:

in which structure J₁,
R₂₅represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, a C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄alkoxy radical, a radical —OH, —NO₂, —NHR₂₈, —NR₂₉R₃₀, —NHCO(C₁-C₄) alkyl, or forms with R₂₆a 5- or 6-membered ring which may or may not contain one or more hetero atoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
R₂₆represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, a C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄alkoxy radical or forms, with R₂₇or R₂₈, a 5- or 6-membered ring which may or may not contain one or more hetero atoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;
R₂₇represents a hydrogen atom, an —OH radical, a radical —NHR₂₈or a radical —NR₂₉R₃₀;
R₂₈represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄alkyl radical, a C₁-C₄monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂-C₄polyhydroxyalkyl radical or a phenyl radical;
R₂₉and R₃₀, which may be identical or different, represent a C₁-C₄alkyl radical, a C₁-C₄monohydroxyalkyl radical or a C₂-C₄polyhydroxyalkyl radical;
(b) a 5- or 6-membered nitrogenous heterocyclic group which can contain other hetero atoms and/or carbonyl groups and which can be substituted with one or more C₁-C₄alkyl, amino or phenyl radicals,
and in particular a group of structure J₂below:

in which structure J₂,
R₃₁and R₃₂, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;
Y denotes the —CO— radical or the radical

n 0 or 1, with, when n denotes 1, U denoting a —CO— radical.
In the structures (I) to (IV) defined above, the C₁-C₄alkyl or alkoxy group preferably denotes methyl, ethyl, butyl, methoxy or ethoxy.
The cationic direct dyes of formulae (I), (II), (III) and (III′) which can be used in the dye compositions in accordance with the invention are known compounds and are described, for example, in patent applications WO 95/01772, WO 95/15144 and EP-A-0,714,954. Those of formula (IV) which can be used in the dye compositions in accordance with the invention are known compounds and are described, for example, in patent applications FR-2,189,006, FR-2,285,851 and FR-2,140,205 and its Certificates of Addition.
Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (I) which can be used in the dye compositions in accordance with the invention, mention may be made more particularly of the compounds corresponding to the structures (I1) to (I54) below:
Among the compounds of structures (I1) to (I54) described above, the ones most particularly preferred are the compounds corresponding to the structures (I1), (I2), (I14) and (I31).
Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (II) which can be used in the dye compositions in accordance with the invention, mention may be made more particularly of the compounds corresponding to the structures (II1) to (II9) below:
Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (III) which can be used in the dye compositions in accordance with the invention, mention may be made more particularly of the compounds corresponding to the structures (III1) to (III18) below:
Among the specific compounds of structures (III1) to (III18) described above, the ones most particularly preferred are the compounds corresponding to the structures (III4), (III5) and (III13).
Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (III′) which can be used in the dye compositions in accordance with the invention, mention may be made more particularly of the compounds corresponding to the structures (III′1) to (III′3) below:
Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (IV) which can be used in the dye compositions in accordance with the invention, mention may be made more particularly of the compounds of structures (IV)₁to (IV)₇₇below:
The cationic direct dye(s) used according to the invention preferably represent(s) from 0.001 to 10% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dye composition and even more preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weight approximately relative to this weight.
(ii) The thickening polymer which can be used according to the present invention is chosen from the group consisting of:

- (ii)₁—nonionic amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit containing a fatty chain;
- (ii)₂—anionic amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit containing a fatty chain;
- (ii)₃—cationic amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit containing a fatty chain.

The nonionic amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit containing a fatty chain (ii)₁, used according to the invention, are preferably chosen from:
(ii)₁(a) celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain; mention may be made, by way of example, of:

- - hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups or mixtures thereof, and in which the alkyl groups are preferably C₈-C₂₂, such as the product Natrosol Plus Grade 330 CS(C₁₆alkyls) sold by the company Aqualon, or the product Bermocoll EHM 100 sold by the company Berol Nobel,
  - hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one polyalkylene glycol alkylphenyl ether group, such as the product Amercell Polymer HM-1500 (polyethylene glycol (15) nonylphenyl ether) sold by the company Amerchol.
- (ii)₁(b) hydroxypropylguars modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as the product Esaflor HM 22 (C₂₂alkyl chain) sold by the company Lamberti, and the products Miracare XC95-3 (C₁₄alkyl chain) and RE205-1 (C₂₀alkyl chain) sold by the company Rhone-Poulenc.
- (ii)₁(c) polyurethane ethers comprising at least one fatty chain such as C₈-C₃₀alkyl or alkenyl groups, for instance the products Dapral T 210 and Dapral T 212 sold by the company Akzo.
- (ii)₁(d) copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of hydrophobic monomers containing a fatty chain;
  mention may be made, by way of example, of:
  - the products Antaron V216 or Ganex V216 (vinylpyrrolidone/hexadecene copolymer) sold by the company I.S.P.
  - the products Antaron V220 or Ganex V220 (vinylpyrrolidone/eicosene copolymer) sold by the company I.S.P.
- (ii)₁(e) copolymers of C₁-C₆alkyl methacrylates or acrylates and of amphiphilic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain, such as, for example, the oxyethylenated methyl methacrylate/stearyl acrylate copolymer sold by the company Goldschmidt under the name Antil 208.
- (ii)₁(f) copolymers of hydrophilic methacrylates or acrylates and of hydrophobic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain, such as, for example, the polyethylene glycol methacrylate/lauryl methacrylate copolymer.

The anionic amphiphilic polymers (ii)₂, can be chosen from those:

- (ii)₂(a) comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one allyl ether unit containing a fatty chain, and preferably from those in which the hydrophilic unit comprising an unsaturated ethylenic anionic monomer, more particularly of a vinylcarboxylic acid and most particularly of an acrylic acid, a methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof, and in which the allyl ether unit containing a fatty chain corresponds to the monomer of formula (V) below:
  CH₂═CR′CH₂OB_nR (V)
  in which R′ denotes H or CH₃, B denotes an ethylenoxy radical, n is zero or denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 100, R denotes a hydrocarbon-based radical chosen from alkyl and cycloalkyl radicals comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 24 and even more particularly from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and most particularly a C₁₀-C₂₄alkyl radical.

One unit of formula (V) which is more particularly preferred according to the present invention is a unit in which R′ denotes H, n is equal to 10 and R denotes a stearyl (C₁₈) radical.
Anionic amphiphilic polymers of this type are described and prepared according to an emulsion polymerization process in patent EP-0,216,479 B2.
Among the said anionic amphiphilic polymers cited (ii)₂(a) it is particularly preferred according to the invention to use the polymers formed from 20 to 60% by weight of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, from 5 to 60% by weight of lower alkyl (meth)acrylates, from 2 to 50% by weight of allyl ether containing a fatty chain of formula (I), and from 0 to 1% by weight of a crosslinking agent which is a well known copolymerizable polyethylenic unsaturated monomer, such as diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth)acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly)ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and methylenebisacrylamide.
Among the latter polymers, the ones most particularly preferred are the crosslinked terpolymers of methacrylic acid, of ethyl acrylate, of polyethylene glycol (10 EO) stearyl ether (Steareth-10), in particular those sold by the company Allied Colloids under the names Salcare SC 80 and Salcare SC 90 which are aqueous 30% emulsions of a crosslinked terpolymer of methacrylic acid, of ethyl acrylate and of Steareth-10 allyl ether (40/50/10).
The anionic amphiphilic polymers (ii)₂can also be chosen from those:

- (ii)₂(b) comprising at least one hydrophilic unit of unsaturated olefinic carboxylic acid type, and at least one unit containing a fatty chain exclusively of (C₁₀-C₃₀)alkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid type, and preferably from those in which the hydrophilic unit of unsaturated olefinic carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer of formula (VI) below:
  
  in which formula R¹denotes H or CH₃or C₂H₅, i.e. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or ethacrylic acid units, and in which the unit containing a fatty chain of (C₁₀-C₃₀)alkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer of formula (VII) below:
  
  in which formula R¹denotes H or CH₃or C₂H₅(i.e. acrylate, methacrylate or ethacrylate units) and preferably H (acrylate units) or CH₃(methacrylate units), R²denoting a C₁₀-C₃₀alkyl and preferably C₁₂-C₂₂alkyl radical.

(C₁₀-C₃₀)alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids in accordance with the invention comprise, for example, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate and the corresponding methacrylates, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate and dodecyl methacrylate.
Anionic amphiphilic polymers of this type (ii)₂(b) are described and prepared, for example, according to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,915,921 and 4,509,949.
Anionic amphiphilic polymers (ii)₂(b) which can be used in the context of the present invention can more particularly denote polymers formed from a mixture of monomers comprising:

(i) essentially acrylic acid and an ester of formula (VII) described above in which R¹denotes H or CH₃, R²denoting an alkyl radical containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and a crosslinking agent, such as, for example, those comprising 95 to 60% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), 4 to 40% by weight of C₁₀-C₃₀alkyl acrylate (unit containing a fatty chain) and 0 to 6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer, or 98 to 96% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), 1 to 4% by weight of C₁₀-C₃₀alkyl acrylate (unit containing a fatty chain) and 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer,
(ii) essentially acrylic acid and lauryl methacrylate, such as the polymer formed from 66% by weight of acrylic acid and 34% by weight of lauryl methacrylate.

The said crosslinking agent is a monomer containing a group
with at least one other polymerizable group whose unsaturated bonds are not conjugated to each other. Mention may be made in particular of polyallyl ethers such as, in particular, polyallylsucrose and polyallylpentaerythritol.
Among the said polymers cited in class (ii)₂(b), the ones most particularly preferred according to the present invention are the products sold by the company Goodrich under the trade names Pemulen TR1, Pemulen TR2, Carbopol 1382 and even more preferably Pemulen TR1 and the product sold by the company S.E.P.C. under the name Coatex SX.
The cationic amphiphilic polymers (ii)₃used according to the invention are preferably chosen from quaternized cellulose derivatives and polyacrylates containing amino side groups.
The quaternized cellulose derivatives are, in particular,

- (ii)₃(a) quaternized celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups comprising at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof,
- (ii)₃(b) quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups comprising at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof.

The polyacrylates containing amino side groups (ii)₃(c), which may or may not be quaternized, contain, for example, hydrophobic groups such as Steareth-20 [polyoxyethylenated (20) stearyl alcohol].
The alkyl radicals borne by the above quaternized celluloses or hydroxycelluloses preferably comprise from 8 to 30 carbon atoms.
The aryl radicals preferably denote phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl or anthryl groups.
As examples of quaternized alkylhydroxyethyl-celluloses containing C₈-C₃₀fatty chains, mention may be made of the products Quatrisoft LM200, Quatrisoft LM-X529-18-A, Quatrisoft LM-X529-18-B. (C₁₂alkyl) and Quatrisoft LM-X529-8 (C₁₈alkyl) sold by the company Amerchol and the products Crodacel QM, Crodacel QL (C₁₂alkyl) and Crodacel QS (C₁₈alkyl) sold by the company Croda.
As examples of polyacrylates containing amino side chains, mention may be made of the polymers 8781-124B or 9492-103 from the company National Starch.
It is more particularly preferred, according to the present invention, to use the amphiphilic polymers of nonionic type (ii)₁and of anionic type (ii)₂described above and even more particularly the amphiphilic polymers of class (ii)₁(a) and (ii)₂(c) and of class (ii)₂(a) and (ii)₂(b).
The amphiphilic thickening polymers of nonionic, anionic or cationic type used in the compositions of the present invention are preferably present in a proportion of from 0.01 to 10% by weight approximately, in particular in a proportion of from 0.1 to 5% by weight approximately, relative to the total weight of the dye composition applied to the keratin fibres.
The medium which is suitable for dyeing (or support) generally comprising water or of a mixture of water and at least one organic solvent to dissolve the compounds which would not be sufficiently water-soluble. As organic solvents, mention may be made, for example, of C₁-C₄lower alkanols such as ethanol and isopropanol; aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, as well as similar products and mixtures thereof.
The solvents can be present in proportions preferably of between 1 and 40% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dye composition, and even more preferably between 5 and 30% by weight approximately.
The pH of the dye composition in accordance with the invention is generally approximately between 2 and 11 and preferably approximately between 5 and 10. It can be adjusted to the desired value using acidifying or basifying agents usually used for dyeing keratin fibres.
Among the acidifying agents, mention may be made, by way of example, of inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and lactic acid, and sulphonic acids.
Among the basifying agents, mention may be made, by way of example, of aqueous ammonia, alkaline carbonates, alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine and derivatives thereof, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the compounds of formula (VIII) below:

in which W is a propylene residue optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group or a C₁-C₆alkyl radical; R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅and R₃₆, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₆alkyl or C₁-C₆hydroxyalkyl radical.
In addition to the cationic direct dye(s) (i) defined above, the dye composition in accordance with the invention can contain one or more additional direct dyes which can be chosen, for example, from nitrobenzene dyes, anthraquinone dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, triarylmethane dyes, xanthene dyes and azo dyes which are non-cationic.
When it is intended for oxidation dyeing, the dye composition in accordance with the invention contains, in addition to the cationic direct dye(s) (i), one or more oxidation bases chosen from the oxidation bases conventionally used for oxidation dyeing and among which mention may be made in particular of para-phenylenediamines, bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, para-aminophenols, ortho-aminophenots and heterocyclic bases.
When they are used, the oxidation base(s) preferably represent(s) from 0.0005 to 12% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dye composition, and even more preferably from 0.005 to 6% by weight approximately relative to this weight.
When it is intended for oxidation dyeing, the dye composition in accordance with the invention can also contain, in addition to the cationic direct dye (i) and the thickening polymer (ii) as well as the oxidation bases, one or more couplers so as to modify the shades obtained or to enrich them with glints, by using the cationic direct dye(s) (i) and the oxidation base(s).
The couplers which can be used in the dye composition in accordance with the invention can be chosen from the couplers used conventionally in oxidation dyeing and among which mention may be made in particular of meta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols and heterocyclic couplers.
When it is (they are) present, the coupler(s) preferably represent(s) from 0.0001 to 10% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dye composition, and even more preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weight approximately relative to this weight.
The dye composition in accordance with the invention can also contain various adjuvants conventionally used in compositions for dyeing the hair, such as antioxidants, penetrating agents, sequestering agents, fragrances, buffers, dispersing agents, surfactants, film-forming agents, ceramides, preserving agents, screening agents and opacifiers.
Needless to say, a person skilled in the art will take care to select this (these) optional complementary compound(s) such that the advantageous properties intrinsically associated with the dye composition in accordance with the invention are not, or are not substantially, adversely affected by the addition(s) envisaged.
The dye composition according to the invention can be in various forms, such as in the form of liquids, shampoos, creams or gels or any other form which is suitable for dyeing keratin fibres, and in particular human hair. It can be obtained by mixing, at the time of use, a composition, which may be pulverulent, containing the cationic direct dye(s) with a composition containing the specific thickening polymer.
When the combination of the cationic direct dye (i) and the thickening polymer (ii) according to the invention is used in a composition intended for oxidation dyeing (in which case one or more oxidation bases are used, optionally in the presence of one or more couplers) or when it is used in a composition intended for lightening direct dyeing, then the dye composition in accordance with the invention also comprises at least one oxidizing agent chosen, for example, from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, persalts such as perborates and persulphates, and enzymes such as peroxidases, lactases and two-electron oxidoreductases. It is particularly preferred to use hydrogen peroxide or enzymes.
Another subject of the invention is a process for dyeing keratin fibres, and in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, using the dye composition as defined above.
According to a first variant of this dyeing process in accordance with the invention, at least one dye composition as defined above is applied to the fibres, for a period which is sufficient to develop the desired coloration, after which the fibres are rinsed, optionally washed with shampoo, rinsed again and dried.
The time required to develop the coloration on the keratin fibres is generally between 3 and 60 minutes and even more specifically between 5 and 40 minutes.
According to a second variant of this dyeing process in accordance with the invention, at least one dye composition as defined above is applied to the fibres, for a period which is sufficient to develop the desired coloration, without final rinsing.
According to one specific embodiment of this dyeing process, and when the dye composition in accordance with the invention comprises at least one oxidation base and at least one oxidizing agent, the dyeing process comprises a first step which consists in separately storing, on the one hand, a composition (A1) comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one cationic direct dye (i) as defined above and at least one oxidation base, and, on the other hand, a composition (B1) comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent, and then in mixing them together at the time of use, after which this mixture is applied to the keratin fibres, the composition (A1) or the composition (B1) containing the thickening polymer (ii) as defined above.
According to another specific embodiment of this dyeing process, and when the dye composition in accordance with the invention comprises at least one oxidizing agent, the dyeing process comprises a first step which consists in separately storing, on the one hand, a composition (A2) comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one cationic direct dye (i) as defined above, and, on the other hand, a composition (B2) comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent, and then in mixing them together at the time of use, after which this mixture is applied to the keratin fibres, the composition (A2) or the composition (B2) containing the thickening polymer as defined above.
Another subject of the invention is a multi-compartment dyeing device or dyeing “kit” or any other multi-compartment packaging system, a first compartment of which comprises the composition (A1) or (A2) as defined above and a second compartment of which comprises the composition (B1) or (B2) as defined above. These devices can be equipped with means for dispensing the desired mixture onto the hair, such as the devices described in patent FR 2,586,913 in the name of the Applicant.
The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention without, however, limiting its scope.

EXAMPLES

Examples 1 to 3

The three direct dyeing compositions given in the table below were prepared: (all contents expressed in grams)



Example	Example	Example
1	2	3

Cationic direct dye of	0.2
formula (I1)
Cationic direct dye of		0.2
formula (I14)
Cationic direct dye of			0.1
formula (IV27)
Diurethane (HMD) of oxy-	1.0 AM*
ethylenated (66 EO) and oxy-
propylenated (14 PO) C₁₆-C₁₈
alcohols, sold under the name
Dapral T212 by the company
Akzo
Methacrylic acid/ethyl		1.0 AM*
acrylate/Steareth 10 allyl
ether crosslinked terpolymer
sold as a 30% by weight
emulsion under the name
Salcare SC90 by the company
Allied Colloid
Acrylic acid/C₁₀-C₃₀alkyl			1.0 AM*
acrylate crosslinked
copolymer sold under the name
Pemulen TR1 by the company
Goodrich
Ethanol	10	10	10
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol	pH 9	pH 9	pH 9
qs
Demineralized water qs	100	100	100

AM* denotes active material

The above compositions were each applied for 30 minutes to locks of natural grey hair containing 90% white hairs. The locks of hair were then rinsed, washed with a standard shampoo and then dried.
were dyed in the following shades:

Examples Shades obtained

1 Bright red

2 Bright orange

3 Bright purple

Claims

1. A ready-to-use composition for dyeing fibers, comprising:

(i) at least one cationic direct dye chosen from compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (III′) and (IV) below, and

(ii) at least one thickening polymer;

(a) wherein said compounds of formula (I) are chosen from compounds of formula:

in which:

D is chosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group,

R₁and R₂, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom; a 4′-aminophenyl radical; and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals which can optionally be substituted with a radical chosen from —CN, —OH and —NH₂radicals or form, with each other or a carbon atom of the benzene ring of formula (I), a heterocycle optionally containing a heteroatom chosen from oxygen and nitrogen, which can be substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals;

R₃and R′₃, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, halogen atoms, a cyano radical, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals and acetyloxy radicals,

X⁻ is chosen from anions,

A is chosen from structures A₁to A₁₉below:

in which:

R₄is chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals which can be substituted with a hydroxyl radical, and

R₅is chosen from C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals, and

wherein when D represents —CH, when A represents A₄or A₁₃and when R₃is not an alkoxy radical, R₁and R₂are not both a hydrogen atom;

(b) wherein said compounds of formula (II) are chosen from compounds of formula:

in which:

R₆is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals,

R₇is chosen from a hydrogen atom, alkyl radicals which can be substituted with a species chosen from a —CN radical and an amino group, and a 4′-aminophenyl radical, or forms, with R₆, a heterocycle optionally comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from oxygen and nitrogen, which can be substituted with C₁-C₄alkyl radicals,

R₈and R₉, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, halogen atoms, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals and a —CN radical,

X⁻ is chosen from anions,

B is chosen from structures B₁to B₆below:

in which:

R₁₀is chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, and

R₁₁and R₁₂, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals;

(c) wherein said compounds of formulae (III) and (III′) are chosen from compounds of formulae:

in which:

R₁₃is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals, halogen atoms and an amino radical, R₁₄is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals or forms, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, a heterocycle optionally containing an oxygen heteroatom and/or substituted with at least one to radical chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals,

R₁₅is chosen from a hydrogen atom and halogen atoms,

R₁₆and R₁₇, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals,

D₁and D₂, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group,

m=0 or 1,

wherein when R₁₃is an unsubstituted amino group, D₁and D₂are both a group and m=0,

X⁻ is chosen from anions,

E is chosen from structures E₁to E₈below:

in which R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals;

wherein when m=0 and when D₁represents a nitrogen atom, E can be further chosen from structure E9 below:

in which R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals;

(d) wherein said compounds of formula (IV) are chosen from compounds of formula:

G-N═N-J (IV)

in which:

G is chosen from structures G₁to G₃below:

in which:

R₁₈is chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical which can optionally be substituted with C₁-C₄alkyl radicals or a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine;

R₁₉is chosen from C₁-C₄radicals and a phenyl radical;

R₂₀and R₂₁, which may be identical or different, are chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical, or

together form, in G₁, a benzene ring substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals and NO₂radicals, or

together form, in G₂, a benzene ring optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals and NO₂radicals;

R₂₀can be further chosen from a hydrogen atom;

Z is chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom and —NR₁₉radicals;

M is chosen from a —CH radical, —C(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals and —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_rradicals;

K is chosen from a —CH radical, —C(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals and —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_rradicals;

P is chosen from a —CH radical, —C(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals and —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_rradicals;

wherein r denotes zero or 1;

wherein R₂₂is chosen from an O⁻ anion, C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals, and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals;

R₂₃and R₂₄, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, halogen atoms chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals and an —NO₂radical;

X⁻ is chosen from anions;

wherein if R₂₂is O⁻, r is zero;

wherein if K or P or M is C₁-C₄—N⁺-alkyl X⁻, either R₂₃or R₂₄is not a hydrogen atom;

wherein if K is —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_r, M and P are the same and are chosen from a —CH radical and —C(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals;

wherein if M denotes —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_r, K and P are the same and are chosen from a —CH radical and —C(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals;

if P is —N⁺R₂₂(X⁻)_r, K and M are the same and are chosen from a —CH radical and —C(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals;

if Z is a sulphur atom with R₂₁being a radical chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, R₂₀is not a hydrogen atom;

if Z is —NR₂₂with R₁₉being a radical chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, at least one of the radicals R₁₈, R₂₀and R₂₁of G₂is not chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals;

J is chosen from:

(1) radicals chosen from structure J₁below:

in which:

R₂₅is chosen from a hydrogen atom, halogen atoms chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals, an —OH radical, an —NO₂radical, —NHR₂₈radicals, —NR₂₉R₃₀radicals, —NHCO(C₁-C₄) alkyl radicals, or forms, with R₂₆, a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;

R₂₆is chosen from a hydrogen atom, halogen atoms chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄alkoxy radicals or forms, with R₂₇or R₂₈, a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;

R₂₇is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an —OH radical, —NHR₂₈radicals and —NR₂₉R₃₀radicals;

R₂₈is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄monohydroxyalkyl radicals, C₂-C₄polyhydroxyalkyl radicals and a phenyl radical;

R₂₉and R₃₀, which may be identical or different, are chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄monohydroxyalkyl radicals and C₂-C₄polyhydroxyalkyl radicals;

(2) 5- and 6-membered nitrogenous heterocyclic groups optionally containing other heteroatoms and/or carbonyl groups and optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, an amino radical, a phenyl radical, and

wherein said at least one thickening polymer is chosen from polymers comprising:

(ii)₁—nonionic amphiphilic polymers, comprising: at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit comprising a fatty chain;

(ii)₂—anionic amphiphilic polymers, comprising: at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit comprising a fatty chain; and

(ii)₃—cationic amphiphilic polymers, comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one unit comprising a fatty chain.