US20060023386A1

US20060023386A1 - Spark gap device

Info

Publication number: US20060023386A1
Application number: US11/178,885
Authority: US
Inventors: Raymond Palinkas; Ahmet Olcen
Original assignee: PPC Broadband Inc
Current assignee: PPC Broadband Inc
Priority date: 2001-05-16
Filing date: 2005-07-11
Publication date: 2006-02-02

Abstract

The present invention provides an over-voltage surge protection device comprising a printed circuit board having a signal carrying conductive member having a plurality of nodes positioned therealong, and a conductive member running to ground also having a plurality of odes positioned therealong. The nodes on the signal carrying member and ground member extend along a common path with corresponding ones of the signal carrying nodes positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to the ground nodes. The peripheral edges of the nodes accumulate and discharge transient high voltage surges. Preferably the nodes are shaped in the form of triangles due to this particular geometry's favorable ability to accumulate and discharge voltage, but may be formed in a variety of geometries.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/339,730 filed Jan. 9, 2003; now allowed, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/858,739, filed May 16, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,510,035, issued Jan. 21, 2003.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to electrical surge protection devices, and more particularly to spark gaps formed on printed circuit boards.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Broadband coaxial cable communications networks, such as CATV networks, include various types of electronic equipment mounted to outdoor utility poles. This electronic equipment is subjected to all types of weather conditions including, for example, lightning storms. Due to the importance of these communications networks to society, it is important that they be able to withstand the harsh conditions under which they operate.
On occasion, a high voltage surge may be transmitted through the coaxial cable to which the electronic components are interconnected, for instance, due to a lightning strike. If this high voltage surge is permitted to be picked up by the input or output pins of the interconnect device and transmitted to the electrical devices housed therein, the device would become inoperable due to the electrical components essentially melting or otherwise deteriorating as a consequence of the surge. A new connector would then need to be installed at the site of the surge.
In order to improve the reliability of the electronic components in a communications network, the interconnect units are generally equipped with some type of over-voltage surge protection device. IEEE Standard C62.41-1991 sets forth a recommended practice on surge voltages in low voltage power circuits. The surge protectors incorporated into the interconnect units may include, for instance, a single, conductive element positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to the incoming signal. In the event of a transient, high voltage surge, the element will accumulate and discharge the over-voltage surge to ground prior to it passing through the electrical components. Incorporation of such surge protectors, however, add significantly to the complexity in manufacturing, and hence, the cost of an interconnect unit. In addition, if a voltage surge above what the protector is designed to handle is experienced by the connector unit, it will need to be replaced in any event.
It is therefore a principal object and advantage of the present invention to provide an over-voltage surge protection device that is inexpensive to manufacture relative to the state of the art.
It is a further object and advantage of the present invention to provide over-voltage surge protection device that can withstand multiple surges, hence increasing the life of the coaxial cable interconnect device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the foregoing objects and advantages, the present invention provides an over-voltage surge protection device comprising a printed circuit board having a signal carrying conductive member having a plurality of nodes positioned therealong, and a conductive member running to ground also having a plurality of nodes positioned therealong. The nodes on the signal carrying member and ground member extend along a common path with corresponding ones of the signal carrying nodes positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to the ground nodes. Preferably, the nodes are shaped in the form of triangles due to this particular geometry's favorable ability to accumulate and discharge voltage.
The over-voltage surge protection device may be fabricated directly into the board without mounting any additional structure thereto. A circuit board substrate that contains a layer of conductive material coated thereon may be fabricated by removing conductive material (e.g., by laser ablation, chemical or photolithographic etching, or other conventional fabrication process) in all areas on the board other than the signal carrying members and the conductive member leading to ground. The area of non-conductive material, i.e., air, separating the signal carrying members from the ground member, become the spark gaps.
The spacing between the nodes (and their shape) determine the voltage level at which a spark will generate and shunt the circuit. The number of nodes present in the device will determine how many over-voltage surges it will be able to withstand.
In operation, as the relative voltage potential between two corresponding nodes approaches a predetermined value, a spark will generate across the gap that separates them. This spark discharges the voltage from the signal carrying member to the grounded member, thereby shunting the circuit. Any particular spark may cause a deterioration of the particular node which discharges the surge. However, due to the circuit board having a plurality of corresponding sets of nodes, it will be able to withstand at least an equal number of over-voltage surges.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a further understanding of these and objects of the invention, reference will be made to the following detailed description of the invention which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawing, where:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is plan view of the present invention after it has been exposed to over-voltage surge;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective of an interconnect device in which the present invention is used;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the interconnect device illustrated in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a second alternate embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a third alternate embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a fourth alternate embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a fifth alternate embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a sixth alternate embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 10 is a plan view of a seventh alternate embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout, there is seen in FIG. 1 a printed circuit board, designated generally by reference numeral 10, for use in a coaxial cable interconnect device, shown generally by reference numeral 12. Circuit board 10 is composed of a non- conductive substrate (e.g., a ceramic substrate of fiberglass) having a layer of conductive material, such as copper, coated on one planar surface 14 thereof. A series of electrical components, shown generally be reference numeral 16, are mounted in a conventional manner to either planar surface of board 10.
Interconnect device 12 serves, for instance, as a trap with electrical components 16 comprising a filter having a narrow pass band response within a predetermined frequency range (e.g., 5-40 MHz) with a fixed level of attenuation across the return path frequency spectrum. Such devices are commonly used in CATV networks.
Referring specifically to FIGS. 3 and 4, interconnect device 12 includes an elongated main body 18; a rear insulator 20 mounted concentrically within body 18 and positioned adjacent the terminal end thereof; a non-conductive (e.g., rubber) seal 22 positioned adjacent insulator 20; conductive female pin assembly 24 (which receives conductive pin 26 therein) concentrically extending though insulator 20 and seal 22; board 10 being electrically connected a one edge to pin assembly 24; a conductive input pin 28 electrically connected to and extending outwardly from the opposing edge of board 10; a front insulator 30 positioned concentrically around pin 28; and a nut 32 threadingly engaging body 18 and housing insulator 30. Conductive input pin 28 receives a signal being transmitted through a coaxial cable (as part of a communications network), and conductive output pin 26 sends the signal towards its destination after having been conditioned by electrical components 16 mounted on board 10.
Referring specifically to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, board 10 includes electrical components 16 mounted on surface 14, a signal carrying, input member 34 electrically connected to pin 28, and a signal carrying, output member 36 electrically connected to pin assembly 24. Signal carrying members 34 and 36 are preferably mounted on the other side thereof (although these elements could be mounted on the same side as electrical components 16, it is more space efficient to mount them on opposing sides and electrically interconnect there with vias). Signal carrying input member 34 comprises electrically conductive material extending from pin 28 to a terminal node 38, and includes a plurality of nodes 40 positioned between pin 28 and terminal node 38. Output member 36 comprises an electrically conductive material extending from a terminal node 42 to pin assembly 24, and a plurality of nodes 44 positioned between node 42 and pin assembly 24. Nodes 40 and 44 are preferably triangular in shape (FIGS. 1 and 2), but may be shaped in other geometries, as well.
Terminal node 38 is electrically connected to electrical components 16 which are, in turn, electrically connected to the output terminal node 42. Thus, when the low voltage signal (e.g., device 12 generally operates on a circuit that passes 100 volts AC, with an RF level typically between +10 and −10 dBm) is received through pin 28, the signal is transmitted through input member 34 to electrical components 16. Electrical components 16 then appropriately condition (e.g., filter) the signal and sent it through output member 36. The signal is then sent towards its final destination via output pin 26.
An electrically conductive ground member 46 is also mounted on board 10. Member 46 includes a first plurality of nodes 48 which correspond in shape and number to nodes 40, and a second plurality of nodes 50 which correspond in shape and number to nodes 44. Nodes 48 are positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to corresponding ones of nodes 40, thereby forming a first plurality of arc gaps 52 (each arc gap 52 defined by corresponding ones of nodes 40 and 48). Nodes 50 are positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to corresponding ones of nodes 44, thereby forming a second plurality of arc gaps 54 (each arc gap 54 defined by corresponding ones of nodes 44 and 50). Nodes 48, 40, 50, and 44 are defined by (and the sparks accumulate at and are discharged from) the peripheral edges of the respective conductive members of they form a part.
The arc gaps 52 and 54 separating nodes 48 from nodes 40, and nodes 50 from nodes 44, respectively, are composed of non-conductive material (such as a gap of air) and are of generally uniform thickness. If a transient surge of high voltage (e.g., as a consequence of a lightning strike) is received by either pin 28 or pin 26, the voltage will travel to nodes 40 and 44, respectively, at which point a spark will generate and arc across gaps 52 and 54, respectively. The high voltage surge will then be grounded by member 46, thereby shunting the circuit and protecting electrical components 16 therefrom. If the high voltage surge is not shunted, electrical components 16 will be destroyed through the heat generated by the surge. Consequently, it is essential to the long-term reliability of interconnect device 12 that it contain the over-voltage surge protection capabilities embodied by spark gaps 52 and 54.
Spark gaps 52 and 54 are preferably between 1 and 10 mils. thick. Obviously, the smaller the spark gap distance, the lower the voltage level that will generate a spark.
If a transient high voltage surge does come through pins 28 or 26 and a spark does generate across nodes 40 to 48 or 44 to 50, it is possible that a portion of the nodes 48, 50 will deteriorate and vaporize, as illustrated in FIG. 2 by reference letters V. However, even if portions of nodes 48, 50 do deteriorate, the remainder of the plurality of nodes 48, 50 remain intact. Accordingly, spark gaps 52 and 54 provide an over-voltage surge protection device that can withstand numerous over-voltage surges.
Nodes 40, 48, 44 and 50 are preferably triangular (as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2), thereby forming a zigzag arc gap pattern, as this geometry appears to most effectively accumulate and discharge voltages. It should be clear that “nodes” is referring to the peripheral edge geometry of the conductive regions, as it is defined in the drawings and this accompanying specification. It should also be noted that these nodes could be shaped in other patterns so long as the spacing between corresponding nodes is small enough to maintain the efficiency of spark gaps 52, 54 (e.g., the spacing can be variable, but preferably within the range of 1 to 10 Mils.). For instance, corresponding nodes could be shaped sinusoidally (see FIG. 5), rectangularly shaped (see FIG. 6), arbitrarily shaped (see FIG. 7), rectangularly shaped with triangularly shaped corresponding nodes (see FIG. 8), linear and substantially uniformly spaced apart (see FIG. 9), or linear with the spacing being varied along their lengths (see FIG. 10).
In forming spark gaps 52, 54, board 10 is provided with a coating of conductive material on one of its planar surfaces. Conductive material is then removed through any conventional process (e.g., laser ablation, photolithographic or chemical etching, or the like) from the areas of board 10 that are to be non- conductive, i.e., all areas other than input member 34, output member 36, and ground member 46. Forming spark gaps 52, 54 in this manner causes them to be co- planar with board 10, thereby using minimal space and not requiring the mounting of any additional structure to board 10.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred mode as illustrated in the drawing, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that various changes in detail may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A printed circuit board having means for protecting electronic components of a circuit carried upon said board from damage due to high electrical transients, said board comprising:

a) a substrate of dielectrical material having first and second planar surfaces;

b) a first, signal carrying area of conductive material on said first surface bounded by a first peripheral edge having a first edge portion;

c) a printed circuit on at least one of said surfaces for connection of said components, said printed circuit being electrically connected to said first area by a first conductive path;

d) a second, grounded area of conductive material on said first surface bounded by a second peripheral edge having a second edge portion; and

e) said first and second edge portions being physically spaced by a distance forming a second conductive path for conducting electrical surges exceeding a predetermined value from said first to second area of conducting material, whereby said surges are shunted from said first conductive path to ground.

2. The circuit board of claim 1 where said first and second edge portions are substantially uniformly spaced along their full lengths.

3. The circuit board of claim 1 wherein the spacing between said first and second edge portions varies along their lengths.

4. The circuit board of claim 3 where said spacing varies between not less than one and not more than ten mils.

5. The circuit board of claim 1 wherein at least one of said first and second edge portions is substantially linear along its entire length.

6. The circuit board of claim 5 wherein both said first and second edge portions are linear along substantially their entire lengths.

7. The circuit board of claim 1 wherein at least one of said first and second edge portions is zigzag along at least a portion of its length:

8. The circuit board of claim 7 wherein both said first and second edge portions are zigzag along at least a portion of their lengths.

9. The circuit board of claim 8 where both said first and second edge portions are zigzag, and are substantially uniformly spaced, along substantially their entire lengths.