US20050173317A1

US20050173317A1 - One-piece manifold for a reverse osmosis system

Info

Publication number: US20050173317A1
Application number: US11/104,748
Authority: US
Inventors: Craig Schmitt
Original assignee: Watts Regulator Co
Current assignee: Watts Regulator Co
Priority date: 2003-02-04
Filing date: 2005-04-13
Publication date: 2005-08-11
Also published as: US7017611B2; US20040238423A1

Abstract

A one-piece manifold for a reverse osmosis system includes a filter configured to receive water from a water port and a membrane configured to receive filtered water via a first conduit. The membrane is also configured to send permeate water to a reverse osmosis tank. The manifold also includes a flow restrictor configured to receive concentrate water from the membrane via a second conduit and to pass concentrate water to a drain port.

Description

This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/771,621, filed Feb. 4, 2004, now pending, which claims benefit from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/444,864, filed Feb. 4, 2003, now expired, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/456,153, filed Mar. 20, 2003, now expired, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/519,364, filed Nov. 12, 2003, now expired, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/537,363, filed Jan. 20, 2004, now expired. This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/692,398, filed Oct. 23, 2003, now pending. The entire disclosures of all of these applications are incorporated herein by reference. This disclosure relates to reverse osmosis systems.

TECHNICAL FIELD

BACKGROUND

A typical reverse osmosis water filtering system used in purifying water includes a semi-permeable membrane. Typically, pressure is applied to incoming water that forces the incoming water through the membrane. The membrane filters impurities from the incoming water leaving purified water on the other side of the membrane called “permeate” water. The impurities left on the membrane are washed away by a portion of the incoming water that does not pass through the membrane. The impurities and the water used to wash them away from the membrane are called “concentrate” water.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a one-piece manifold for a reverse osmosis system includes a filter configured to receive water from a water port and a membrane configured to receive filtered water via a first conduit. The membrane is also configured to send permeate water to a reverse osmosis tank. The manifold also includes a flow restrictor configured to receive concentrate water from the membrane via a second conduit and to pass the concentrate water to a drain port.
In another aspect, the one piece manifold is adapted for use in a zero waste reverse osmosis system by passing the concentrate water to a water source port. This aspect may include a feature of having a shut-off valve modified for zero-waste.
In still another aspect, a flow restrictor defines a restricted flow path for liquid. The flow restrictor includes a housing defining an elongated conduit having a tapering conical wall defining a first screw thread and a water-channel thread extending along the tapering conical wall. The housing includes a first opening into a distal region of the conduit for receiving a flow of liquid and a second opening into a proximal region of the conduit. The flow restrictor also includes an axially elongated plug received into the conduit. A surface of the plug is opposed to the tapering conical wall defining a second screw thread and a tapering surface. The second screw thread is disposed in threaded engagement with the first screw thread defined by the conical wall of the housing. The opposed surface of the water-channel thread and the tapering surface of the plug are disposed in sealing engagement within the conduit and opposite to define a region for liquid flow. The housing with the water-channel thread and the tapering surface of the plug thereby cooperatively define a generally spiral liquid flow path along the water-channel screw thread and the tapering surface, for flow of liquid generally between the first opening and the second port for delivery of liquid from the conduit.
In still another aspect, the flow restrictor is modified for flow of liquid generally between the first opening and a port defined by the flow restrictor for delivery of liquid from the conduit.
The aspects above may have one or more of the following advantages. A one-piece manifold combines many components of a standard reverse osmosis system into a single unit. Thus, tubular connections between these components are eliminated, thereby providing a system that reduces the number leaks caused by these tubular connections. In addition, a one-piece manifold can be installed relatively faster than the standard reverse osmosis system because there are less overall components.
A tapered plug within the flow restrictor can be manufactured using injection molding techniques compared to standard tubular flow restrictor designs. In addition, modifications can further be made in flow restrictor flow rate at little cost. For example, the flow rate of the restrictor can be controlled by maintaining the same insert length while adjusting the length of the plug.
The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a is a diagrammatic plan view of a reverse osmosis water filtering system (prior art).
FIGS. 2-5 are views of a one-piece manifold.
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the one-piece manifold.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the one-piece manifold.
FIG. 8A is a view of one end cap.
FIG. 8B is a view of another end cap.
FIG. 9 is a view of a filter bowl.
FIG. 10 is a view of a membrane housing.
FIG. 11 is a top view of the housing of the one-piece manifold.
FIG. 12 is a side view of a flow restrictor plug.
FIG. 13 is an end view of the flow restrictor plug of FIG. 12 looking from the tip end, with a section taken along the line A-A.
FIG. 14 is a view of a restrictor housing.
FIG. 15 is a side view, partially in section, of a flow restrictor housing with a cross-sectional view of threads within the housing.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an interface between the housing and the plug.
FIG. 17A is a side view of the flow restrictor housing with a view of the threads within the housing.
FIG. 17B is an enlarged view of threads taken along line B in FIG. 17A.
FIG. 17C is an enlarged view of threads taken along line C in FIG. 17A.
FIG. 17D is an enlarged view of threads taken along line D in FIG. 17C.
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional exploded view of a shut-off valve in FIG. 11 taken along the line E-E.
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of an implementation of the shut-off valve for use in a zero-waste reverse osmosis system.
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a second implementation of the shut-off valve for use in a zero-waste reverse osmosis system.
FIG. 21 is a one-piece manifold for zero-waste reverse osmosis having the shut-off valve of FIG. 20.
FIG. 22A is a flow restrictor
FIG. 22B is a plug of the flow restrictor of FIG. 22A.
FIG. 22C is a housing of the flow restrictor of FIG. 22A.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a typical prior art reverse osmosis water filtering system 10 may be modified by combining components of system 10 into a single housing, a one-piece manifold 110 (FIG. 2), to minimize leaks that result from standard tubular connections between the components. System 10 includes a filter system 14, a reverse osmosis membrane 18, a reverse osmosis storage tank 22, a flow restrictor 26, a shut-off valve 28, a carbon filter 70 and an air gap faucet 72. Filter system 14 includes a sediment filter 30 and carbon filters (e.g., carbon filter 34 a and carbon filter 34 b). Intake water enters system 10 from a cold water angle stop valve 36, which is connected to a cold water source 84, and is routed through an intake tube 38 to filter system 14. Cold water angle stop valve 36 is also connected to a standard faucet 62 through a cold water faucet line 64 providing cold water to the standard faucet.
Sediment filter 30 removes sediment such as sand, dirt and the like from the intake water. Carbon filters 34 a and 34 b remove chlorine and other contaminants that cause bad color, odor and taste. The filtered water is routed to membrane 18 through a water tube 40.
Membrane 18 includes three ports: an intake port 42, a permeate outlet port 46 and a concentrate outlet port 50. Intake port 42 receives filtered intake water from filter system 14 through water tube 40. Permeate water is routed from outlet port 46 through permeate tubes 52 a and 52 b and shut-off valve 28 to tank 22 to be stored under pressure. Shut-off valve 28 is automatic and stops the flow of water to membrane 18 and to tank 22. When air gap faucet 72 is opened by a user, permeate water is forced from tank 22 and through a carbon filter 70 though the faucet 72 for use by a user. Concentrate water is routed from outlet port 50 through a waste water tube 78, having a flow restrictor 26, through a drain tube 74 for subsequent disposal down drain 68.
Referring to FIGS. 2-11, a one-piece manifold 110 combines a sediment filter, carbon filters, a membrane, a flow restrictor and a shut-off valve into a single unit within a reverse osmosis water filtering system.
One-piece manifold 110 includes a sediment filter 112, two carbon filters 114 a and 114 b, a membrane 116, a check valve 115, a flow restrictor 117, and a shut-off valve 119, all encased in a housing or manifold 118 made of a light but solid material (e.g., polypropylene, plastic, glass, talc). Each filter 112, 114 a and 114 b is located within its own separate filter bowl 121 a, 121 b and 121 c, respectively. The one-piece manifold 110 is injected molded. Thus, instead of having tubes interconnecting the components of the reverse osmosis system like traditional systems, the one-piece manifold system 110 uses grooves and conduits (e.g., conduit 171 a and conduit 171 b) molded in the housing 118, thereby reducing the potential for leaks to occur, e.g. as compared to standard tubing connections.
Water enters system 110 via an intake port 154 and through shutoff valve 119. The water can pass through sediment filter 112 and/or through each of the carbon filters 114 a and 114 b, depending on the mold configuration. End caps 120 a and 120 b located on each end of the manifold define grooves (not shown) that can be manufactured in different desired configurations to control the flow of the water between membrane 116 and each of the filters 112, 114 a and 114 b. Thus, the reconfigurable end caps alter the order of filtration through the filters 112, 114 a and 114 b and membrane 116. For example, water can flow through sediment filter 112 and one carbon filter and then to membrane 116. Other implementations include routing the water from one of the carbon filters, carbon filter 114 a, for example, to membrane 116 and then to the other carbon filter, carbon filter 114 b. The end cap 120 a and membrane vessel cap 123 are plate welded to housing 118 and an end cap 120 b, respectively.
Membrane 116 is positioned within a membrane housing 126 defining threads that screw onto the membrane vessel cap 123. A clip 153 over the membrane housing supports the membrane housing if the membrane housing 126 is used as a handle e.g., to lift the entire unit when the housing is full of water.
The water exits the membrane via one of three paths. The first path carries the permeate water through the check valve 115 through to a tank port 156. The tank port 156 includes a ⅜-inch fitting for connection to a ¼-inch inside diameter tube that allows the water to flow faster from the tank to the faucet. The second path carries water from the tank to a faucet port 152. Faucet port 152 includes a ⅜-inch fitting. The third path carries the concentrate water to the flow restrictor 117.
Referring next to FIGS. 12-17D, flow restrictor 117 consisting of a plug 124 and a hollow housing or insert 125 constructed to receive plug 124. Plug 124 includes a tapered shaft 226 having a length, L1, e.g. about 1.5 inches, a screw thread section 227, and an O-ring 128 at a proximal end 262. Tapered shaft 226 has a taper angle of approximately 1.5°. Screw thread section 227 includes screw threads 23 la and 23 lb separated from one another by a first gap 232 a and a second gap 232 b. Without gaps 232 a and 232 b, screw threads 231 a and 231 b would form one continuous thread around the circumference of plug 124. Each gap 231 a and 232 b extends 90° about the circumference of plug 124. Plug 124 is made of a suitable material such as polyethylene and the like so it is softer than the housing material.
Housing 125, having a length, L2, e.g., about 3 inches, includes screw thread 241 and water-channel thread 242. Water-channel thread 242 includes a pointed end 244, with a gap 246 between the thread that is a part of a water-flow path. Housing 125 is made of a suitable material such as ABS plastic and the like so it is harder than the plug material.
Plug 124 and housing 125 are interengaged by screw threads 231 a and 231 b with screw thread 241 initially and then interengaged by screw thread 244 with plug material as the plug is screwed in further, which provide a water tight seal. Tapered shaft 226 extends into housing 125 about one-half its length, L2. Flow restrictor 117 is constructed so that the water-channel thread 242 seals around tapered shaft 226 to provide a sealed gap 246 forming a spiral flow path for water along and around the tapered shaft. In particular, point 244 of water-channel thread 242 slightly penetrates into the opposed surface of the tapered shaft 226 to ensure the tight seal.
The flow path of the water through flow restrictor 117 starts by passing through an aperture 258 at distal end 260 of the housing 125 and continues into housing 125 until the water comes in contact with the tip region 229 of the tapered plug 124. The volume occupied by tapered shaft 226 within housing 125 directs the water into sealed gap 246. The water continues to spiral around and along the tapered shaft following the water-channel thread until the water reaches threads 23 la, 232 b and 241. The water is forced through gaps 232 a and 232 b and into the end cap 120 a and through a drain port 158. However, in other implementations, the flow can be restricted in the opposite direction.
The flow path cross section is designed to restrict water flow using capillary characteristics of water, while at the same time providing a large enough flow cross section to prevent small particles from clogging the flow path.
The tapering of plug 125 from the proximal end 262 to the distal end region 229, and the use of water-channel thread 242, allows the flow restrictor to be injected molded very easily and inexpensively. For example, after plug 124 has been injected molded, it can be easily released from a mold by rotating the plug a few turns and then drawing the plug from the mold. The tooling also allows the flow restrictor to be configured for “stand alone” use as a flow restrictor for other common reverse osmosis water filtration systems.
Water-channel thread 242 within flow restrictor 117 controls the flow of the water by generating a capillary action around tapered shaft 226 to restrict the flow of water. Thus, the flow restrictor restricts the water, unlike the traditional winding tube design. The length, i.e., pitch, of the thread can be altered to change the degree of flow restriction.
In other implementations, the length, L1, of tapered shaft 226 can also be modified to control flow rate. For example, housing 125 can have the same dimensions, thus saving on manufacturing costs, and the length of plug 125 can be modified to be shorter, thereby to increase the flow rate through the flow restrictor, or longer, thereby to reduce the flow rate through the flow restrictor.
The one-piece manifold is mountable by screws (not shown) lodged through each of the screw openings 182 a and 182 b.
The advantages of the one-piece manifold are not limited to the following. The one-piece manifold has an easy-to-change membrane accessible by simply unscrewing the membrane housing 126. The one-piece manifold integrates the check valve for permeate water. The one-piece manifold includes high flow water paths from the tank inlet to the faucet outlet. The filter bowls 121 have two “slip” type o-rings 106, each of which the top o-ring will also seal in compression, and an end stop (not shown) for the threads, so that the bowls cannot be over tightened and will maintain a good seal.
Referring to FIGS. 18A, 18B, and 19 to 21, the one-piece manifold 110 is modified from a standard configuration (a reverse osmosis system that empties concentrate water into a drain) to a zero-waste reverse osmosis system that empties concentrate water into a water source by modifying the shut-off valve 119. Details of converting a standard reverse osmosis system to a zero-waste reverse osmosis system are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/692,398, filed Oct. 23, 2003, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Without modification, shut-off valve 119 stops the flow of intake water based on the pressure in the reverse osmosis tank. Shut-off valve 119 is a barrier between an intake water flow path 700 and a permeate water flow path 702. The shut-off valve includes a piston 720 and a spacer 721. Intake water flow path 700 is opened or closed by the piston 720 depending on the water pressure in the tank. When the piston 720 is closed, the flow of intake water from the filter 112 is prevented from flowing to the filter 114 a.
In one implementation of a zero-waste reverse osmosis system, a modified shut-off valve 619 includes a piston 730 having a shorter length than piston 720 and replaces piston 720. The intake water path 700 will continuously flow from filter 112 a to filter 114a independent of the pressure in the reverse osmosis tank due to the piston 730 stopping before it can close the water path 700 to the next filter 114 a. An external pump of a zero-waste reverse osmosis system (not shown) pumps into the normal inlet port 154.
In another implementation, a shut-off valve 719 is modified to include a spacer 740, in place of piston 720 and spacer 721, that is long enough to restrict flow of incoming water from filter 112 from flowing to filter 114 a, regardless of the pressure within the reverse osmosis tank. Instead, the water flows out through a zero-waste port 671 and in through a zero-waste port 672 and continues on to filter 114 a.
Referring to FIGS. 22A to 22C, in other implementations, the flow restrictor may be modified for systems that do not include a one-piece manifold. For example, a flow restrictor 917 may be used in system 10 or in zero-waste reverse osmosis systems such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/692,398, filed Oct. 23, 2003, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The flow restrictor 917 includes a plug 924 and a housing 925.
Plug 924 includes a tapered shaft 226 having a length, L3, e.g., about 1.5 inches, a screw thread section 927, an o-ring 928 and an aperture 930 that leads into a proximal end 962 forming a port 964. Screw thread section 927 includes screw threads 931 a and 931 b separated from one another by a first gap 932 a and a second gap (not shown). Plug 924 and housing 925 are interengaged by screw threads 931 a and 931 b with screw thread 941, which along with o-ring 928 provide a water tight seal. Water flow is similar to flow restrictor 117 except after water passes through the first and second gaps, the water is forced through aperture 930 and out port 964.
There have been described novel apparatus and techniques for reverse osmosis systems. It is evident that those skilled in the art may now make numerous modifications and uses of and departures from specific apparatus and techniques herein disclosed without departing from the inventive concepts. Consequently, this disclosure is to be construed as embracing each and every novel feature and novel combination of features present in or possessed by the apparatus and techniques herein disclosed and limited solely by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. It will thus be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A one-piece manifold for a reverse osmosis system, comprising:

a filter configured to receive water from a water port;

a membrane configured to receive filtered water via a first conduit, the membrane configured to send permeate water to a reverse osmosis tank; and

a flow restrictor configured to receive concentrate water from the membrane via a second conduit and to pass concentrate water to a drain port.

2. The manifold of claim 1, further comprising a shut-off valve.

3. The manifold of claim 1 wherein the manifold comprises polypropylene material.

4. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the filter is a sediment filter.

5. The manifold of claim 4, further comprising a carbon filter

6. The manifold of claim 5, further comprising end caps defining grooves that control the path of water flow to the filters.

7. The manifold of claim 6, wherein the end caps control the path of water flow from each of the filters and the membrane.

8. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the flow restrictor defines threads that restrict flow of water.

9. A one-piece manifold for a zero-waste reverse osmosis system, comprising:

a filter configured to receive water from a water port;

a flow restrictor configured to receive concentrate water from the membrane via a second conduit and to pass concentrate water to a water source port.

10. The manifold of claim 9, further comprising a shut-off valve modified for zero-waste.

11. The manifold of claim 9 wherein the manifold comprises polypropylene material.

12. The manifold of claim 9, wherein the filter is a sediment filter.

13. The manifold of claim 12, further comprising a carbon filter

14. The manifold of claim 13, further comprising end caps defining grooves that control the path of water flow to the filters.

15. The manifold of claim 14, wherein the end caps control the path of water flow from each of the filters and the membrane.

16. The manifold of claim 9, wherein the flow restrictor defines threads that restrict flow of water.