US20040248168A1

US20040248168A1 - Novel brain-localized protein kinases homologous to homeodomain-interacting protein kinases

Info

Publication number: US20040248168A1
Application number: US10/808,522
Authority: US
Inventors: Wei Liu; Bradley Ozenberger; Leeying Wu; Ching-Hsiung Lo; Steven Haney; Hemchand Sookdeo; Jee Lee
Original assignee: Wyeth LLC
Current assignee: Wyeth LLC
Priority date: 2003-03-25
Filing date: 2004-03-25
Publication date: 2004-12-09
Also published as: US7745164B2; US20070113296A1; WO2004087901A2; WO2004087901A3

Abstract

The invention provides isolated protein kinase polypeptides related to novel brain-localized protein kinases homologous to known homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and the isolated nucleic acid molecules that encode these polypeptides. The novel polypeptides and nucleic acid molecules of the invention are termed HIPK4. The invention also provides genetically engineered expression vectors, host cells, and transgenic animals comprising the novel nucleic acid molecules of the invention. The invention additionally provides antisense and RNAi molecules to the nucleic acid molecules of the invention. The invention further provides inhibitors, activators, and antibodies capable of binding to the protein kinase polypeptides of the invention, and their use in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.

Description

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/456,958, filed Mar. 25, 2003, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/491,251, filed Jul. 31, 2003, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to novel proteins homologous to homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), as well as nucleic acid molecules encoding such novel proteins.

Kinases are signal transmission proteins that regulate many different cell processes (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, and signaling) by adding phosphate groups to proteins. Uncontrolled signaling has been implicated in a variety of disease conditions including inflammation, cancer, arteriosclerosis, and psoriasis. Reversible protein phosphorylation is one of the main strategies for controlling activities of eukaryotic cells. It is estimated that more than 1000 of the 10,000 proteins active in a typical mammalian cell are phosphorylated. The high-energy phosphate, which drives activation, is generally transferred from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules to a particular protein by protein kinases and removed from that protein by protein phosphatases. Phosphorylation occurs in response to extracellular signals (e.g., hormones, neurotransmitters, growth and differentiation factors), cell cycle checkpoints, and environmental or nutritional stresses, and is roughly analogous to turning on a molecular switch. When the switch goes on, the appropriate protein kinase activates, e.g., a metabolic enzyme, regulatory protein, receptor, cytoskeletal protein, ion channel or pump, or transcription factor.

Malfunctions of cellular signaling have been associated with many diseases. Regulation of signal transduction by cytokines and association of signal molecules with protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been the subjects of intense research. Many therapeutic strategies can now be developed through the synthesis of compounds that activate or inactivate protein kinases (Sridhar et al. (2000) Pharm. Res. 17:1345-53).

The importance of kinases in the etiology of diseases has been well established. Kinase proteins are a major target for drug action and development. In January 2002 there were more than 100 clinical trials involving the modulation of kinases ongoing in the USA (Dumas (2001) Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. 4:1378-89; Levitzki and Gazit (1995) Science 267:1782-88). Trials are ongoing in a wide variety of therapeutic indications including asthma, Parkinson's disease, inflammation, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal cord injuries, muscle conditions, osteoporosis, graft-versus-host disease, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune disorders, retinal detachment, stroke, epilepsy, ischemia/reperfusion, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, brain cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, various solid tumors, liver cancer, and other tumors. Numerous kinds of modulators of kinase activity are currently in clinical trials, including antisense molecules, antibodies, small molecules, and gene therapy.

Accordingly, it is valuable to the field of pharmaceutical development to identify and characterize previously unknown members of the kinase family. The present invention advances the state of the art by providing previously unidentified human kinase proteins which are structurally related to homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs). HIPKs (HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3) were originally identified via a yeast two-hybrid screen and shown to be nuclear serine/threonine kinases that function as transcriptional corepressors for homeodomain transcription factors (Kim et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:25875-79). Although HIPK1 was originally identified as a homeodomain-interacting protein, the primary activities of HIPK2 and HIPK3 appear to be in pathways of cell death or proliferation. For example, HIPK2 was recently shown to regulate the proapoptotic function of p53 (Hofmann et al. (2002) Nature Cell Biol. 4:1-10; D'Orazi et al. (2002) Nature Cell Biol. 4:11-19), while HIPK3 was shown to bind Fas and induce FADD phosphorylation, thereby promoting formation of a HIPK3/ FADD/Fas complex (Rochat-Steiner et al. (2000) J. Exp. Med. 192:1165-74).

Many therapeutic strategies are aimed at critical components in signal transduction pathways. Approaches for regulating kinase gene expression include specific antisense oligonucleotides for inhibiting posttranscriptional processing of messenger RNA, naturally occurring products and their chemical derivatives to inhibit kinase activity, and monoclonal antibodies to inhibit receptor-linked kinases. In some cases, kinase inhibitors also allow other therapeutic agents additional time to become effective and act synergistically with current treatments (Sridhar et al., supra).

Among the areas of pharmaceutical research that are currently receiving a great deal of attention are the role of phosphorylation in transcriptional control, apoptosis, protein degradation, nuclear import and export, cytoskeletal regulation, and checkpoint signaling (Hunter (1998-99) Harvey Lect. 94:81-119). The accumulating knowledge about signaling networks and the proteins involved will be put to practical use in the development of potent and specific pharmacological modulators of phosphorylation-dependent signaling that can be used for therapeutic purposes. The rational structure-based design and development of highly specific kinase modulators is becoming routine, and drugs that intercede in signaling pathways are becoming a major class of drugs.

The kinases comprise one of the largest known protein groups, a superfamily of enzymes with widely varied functions and specificities. They are usually named after their substrate, their regulatory molecules, or some aspect of a mutant phenotype. With regard to substrates, the protein kinases may be roughly divided into two groups: those that phosphorylate serine or threonine residues (serine/threonine kinases; STKs), and those that phosphorylate tyrosine residues (protein tyrosine kinases; PTKs). A few protein kinases have dual specificity and phosphorylate threonine and tyrosine residues. Almost all kinases contain a similar 250-300 amino acid catalytic domain. The N-terminal domain, which contains subdomains I-IV, generally folds into a two-lobed structure, which binds and orients the ATP (or GTP) donor molecule. The larger C-terminal lobe, which contains subdomains VI A -XI, binds the protein substrate and carries out the transfer of the gamma phosphate from ATP to the hydroxyl group of a serine, threonine, or tyrosine residue. Subdomain V spans the two lobes.

The two groups of kinases may be further categorized into families by the different amino acid sequences (generally between 5 and 100 residues) located on either side of, or inserted into loops of, the kinase domain. These added amino acid sequences allow for the regulation of each kinase as it recognizes and interacts with its target protein. The primary structure of the kinase domains is conserved and can be further subdivided into eleven (I-XI) subdomains. Each of these eleven subdomains contains specific residues and motifs or patterns of amino acids that are characteristic of that subdomain and are highly conserved (Hardie and Hanks (1995) The Protein Kinase Facts Book, Vol. 1, pp. 7-20, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.).

Serine/Threonine Kinases

The second messenger-dependent protein kinases primarily mediate the effects of second messengers such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP, inositol triphosphate, phosphatidylinositol, 3,4,5-triphosphate, cyclic-ADP ribose, arachidonic acid, diacylglycerol and calcium-calmodulin. The cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA) are important members of the STK family. Cyclic AMP is an intracellular mediator of hormone action in all prokaryotic and animal cells that have been studied. Such hormone-induced cellular responses include thyroid hormone secretion, cortisol secretion, progesterone secretion, glycogen breakdown, bone resorption, and regulation of heart rate and force of heart muscle contraction. PKA is found in all animal cells and is thought to account for the effects of cAMP in most of these cells. Altered PKA expression is implicated in a variety of disorders and diseases including cancer, thyroid disorders, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (Isselbacher, K. J. et al. (1994) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, e.g., pp. 416-31, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.).

Calcium-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) are also members of the STK family. Calmodulin is a calcium receptor that mediates many calcium-regulated processes by binding to target proteins in response to the binding of calcium. The principle target protein in these processes is CaM kinase. CaM kinases are involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction (MLC kinase), glycogen breakdown (phosphorylase kinase), and neurotransmission (CaM kinase I and CaM kinase II). CaM kinase I phosphorylates a variety of substrates including the neurotransmitter-related proteins synapsin I and II, the gene transcription regulator, CREB, and the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator protein, CFTR (Haribabu et al. (1995) EMBO J. 14:3679-86). CaM kinase II also phosphorylates synapsin at different sites, and controls the synthesis of catecholamines in the brain through phosphorylation and activation of tyrosine hydroxylase. Many of the CaM kinases are activated by phosphorylation in addition to binding to CaM. The kinase may autophosphorylate itself, or may be phosphorylated by another kinase as part of a kinase cascade.

Another ligand-activated protein kinase is 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (Gao et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:8675-81). Mammalian AMPK is a regulator of fatty acid and sterol synthesis through phosphorylation of the enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase and hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, and mediates responses of these pathways to cellular stresses such as heat shock and depletion of glucose and ATP. AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprised of a catalytic alpha subunit and two noncatalytic beta and gamma subunits that are believed to regulate the activity of the alpha subunit. Subunits of AMPK have a much wider distribution in nonlipogenic tissues (such as brain, heart, spleen, and lung) than expected. This distribution suggests that its role may extend beyond regulation of lipid metabolism alone.

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) are also members of the STK family. MAP kinases also regulate intracellular signaling pathways. They mediate signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus via phosphorylation cascades. Several subgroups have been identified, and each manifests different substrate specificities and responds to distinct extracellular stimuli (Egan and Weinberg (1993) Nature 365:781-83). MAP kinase signaling pathways are present in mammalian cells as well as in yeast. The extracellular stimuli that activate mammalian pathways regulated by MAP kinases include epidermal growth factor (EGF), ultraviolet light, hyperosmolar medium, heat shock, endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1).

EGF receptor (EGFR) is found in over half of breast tumors unresponsive to hormone therapy. EGF is found in many tumors, and EGF may be required for tumor cell growth. Antibody to EGF was shown to block the growth of tumor xenografts in mice, while an antisense oligonucleotide for amphiregulin inhibited growth of a pancreatic cancer cell line.

Tamoxifen, a protein kinase C inhibitor with antiestrogen activity, is currently a standard treatment for hormone-dependent breast cancer. The use of this compound may increase the risk of developing cancer in other tissues such as the endometrium. Raloxifene, a related compound, has been shown to protect against osteoporosis. The tissue specificity of inhibitors must be considered when identifying therapeutic targets.

Cell proliferation and differentiation in normal cells are under the regulation and control of multiple MAP kinase cascades. Aberrant and deregulated functioning of MAP kinases can initiate and support carcinogenesis. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) also activate a mitogenic MAP kinase pathway that may be important in acquired insulin resistance occurring in type 2 diabetes.

Many cancers become refractory to chemotherapy by developing a survival strategy involving the constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase-protein kinase B/Akt signaling cascade. This survival-signaling pathway thus becomes an important target for the development of specific inhibitors that would block its function. PI-3 kinase/Akt signaling is equally important in diabetes. The pathway activated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) subsequently regulates glycogen synthase 3, producing alterations in glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake. Since Akt has decreased activity in type 2 diabetes, it provides a therapeutic target.

Protein kinase inhibitors provide much of our knowledge about regulation and coordination of physiological functions. Endogenous peptide inhibitors occur in vivo. A pseudosubstrate sequence within PKC acts to inhibit the kinase in the absence of its lipid activator. A PKC inhibitor such as chelerythrine acts on the catalytic domain to block substrate interaction, while calphostin acts on the regulatory domain to mimic the pseudosubstrate sequence and block ATPase activity, or by inhibiting cofactor binding. The ability to inhibit specific PKC isozymes is limited.

Although some protein kinases have, to date, no known system of physiological regulation, many are activated or inactivated by autophosphorylation or phosphorylation by upstream protein kinases. The regulation of protein kinases also occurs transcriptionally, posttranscriptionally, and posttranslationally. The mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation is alternative splicing of precursor mRNA. Protein kinase C-βI and βII are two isoforms of a single PKC-β gene derived from differences in the splicing of the exon encoding the C-terminal 50-52 amino acids. Splicing can be regulated by a kinase cascade in response to peptide hormones such as insulin and IGF-I. PKC-βI and -βII have different specificities for phosphorylating members of the MAP kinase family, for glycogen synthase 3b, for nuclear transcription factors such as TLS/Fus, and for other nuclear kinases. By inhibiting the posttranscriptional alternative splicing of PKC-βII mRNA, PKC-β11-dependent processes are inhibited.

The development of antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit the expression of various protein kinases has been successful. Antisense oligonucleotides are short lengths of synthetically manufactured, chemically modified DNA or RNA designed to specifically interact with mRNA transcripts encoding target proteins. The interaction of the antisense moiety with mRNA inhibits protein translation and, in some cases, posttranscriptional processing (e.g., alternative splicing and stability) of mRNA. Antisense oligonucleotides have been developed to alter alternative splicing of bcl-xlong to short mRNA forms and for inhibiting the translation of PKC-α and PKC-ζ.

Protein kinase C isoforms have been implicated in cellular changes observed in the vascular complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemia is associated with increased levels of PKC-α and -β isoforms in renal glomeruli of diabetic rats. Oral administration of a PKC-β inhibitor prevented the increased mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and extracellular matrix component genes. Administration of the specific PKC-β inhibitor (LY333531) also normalized levels of cytokines, caldesmon and hemodynamics of retinal and renal blood flow. Overexpression of the PKC-β isoform in the myocardium resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. The use of LY333531 to prevent adverse effects of cardiac PKC-β overexpression in diabetic subjects is under investigation. The compound is also in Phase II/III clinical trials for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema indicating that it may be pharmacodynamically active.

PRK (proliferation-related kinase) is a serum/cytokine inducible STK that is involved in regulation of the cell cycle and cell proliferation in human megakaryocytic cells (Li et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:19402-08). PRK is related to the polo family of STKs implicated in cell division. PRK is downregulated in lung tumor tissue and may be a protooncogene whose deregulated expression in normal tissue leads to oncogenic transformation. Altered PRK expression is implicated in a variety of disease conditions including cancer, inflammation, immune disorders, and disorders affecting growth and development.

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in mammalian cells. This enzyme requires ends of double-stranded DNA or transitions from single-stranded to double-stranded DNA in order to act as a serine/threonine kinase. Cells with defective or deficient DNA-PK activity are unable to repair radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks and consequently are very sensitive to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation. Inhibition of DNA-PK has the potential to increase the efficacy of antitumor treatment with radiation or chemotherapeutic agents.

The cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are another group of STKs that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle. Cyclins are small regulatory proteins that act by binding to and activating CDKs that then trigger various phases of the cell cycle by phosphorylating and activating selected proteins involved in the mitotic process. CDKs are unique in that they require multiple inputs to become activated. In addition to the binding of cyclin, CDK activation requires the phosphorylation of a specific threonine residue and the dephosphorylation of a specific tyrosine residue.

Cellular inhibitors of CDKs play a major role in cell-cycle progression. Alterations in the expression, function, and structure of cyclin and CDK are encountered in the cancer phenotype. Therefore CDKs may be important targets for new cancer therapeutic agents.

Often chemotherapy resistant cells tend to escape apoptosis. Under certain circumstances, inappropriate CDK activation may even promote apoptosis by encouraging the progression of the cell cycle under unfavorable conditions, e.g., attempting mitosis while DNA damage is largely unrepaired.

Purines and purine analogs act as CDK inhibitors. Flavopiridol (L86-8275) is a flavonoid that causes 50% growth inhibition of tumor cells at 25-160 nM (Kaur et al. (1992) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 84:1736-40). It also inhibits EGFR and PKA (IC₅₀: approximately 100 μM). Flavopiridol induces apoptosis and inhibits lymphoid, myeloid, colon, and prostate cancer cells grown in vivo as tumor xenografts in nude mice.

Staurosporine and its derivative, UCN-01, in addition to inhibiting protein kinase C, inhibit cyclin B/CDK (IC ₅₀:3-6 nM). Staurosporine is toxic, but its derivative 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) has antitumor properties and is in clinical trials. UCN-01 affects the phosphorylation of CDKs and alters the cell-cycle checkpoint functioning. These compounds illustrate that multiple intracellular targets may be affected as the concentration of an inhibitor is increased within cells.

Protein Tyrosine Kinases

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) specifically phosphorylate tyrosine residues on their target proteins and may be divided into transmembrane, receptor PTKs (RTKs) and nontransmembrane, nonreceptor PTKs. Transmembrane protein tyrosine kinases are receptors for most growth factors. Binding of growth factor to the receptor activates the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to selected tyrosine side chains of the receptor and other specific proteins. Growth factors (GFs) associated with receptor PTKs include epidermal GF (EGF), platelet-derived GF (PDGF), fibroblast GF (FGF), hepatocyte GF (HGF), insulin and insulin-like GFs (IGFs), nerve GF (NGF), vascular endothelial GF (VEGF), and macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF).

Because RTKs stimulate tumor cell proliferation, inhibitors of RTKs may inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancers by preventing tumor angiogenesis and can eliminate support from the host tissue by targeting RTKs located on vascular cells (e.g., blood vessel endothelial cells (VEGF receptor, or VEGFR) and stromal fibroblasts (FGF receptor)).

VEGF stimulates endothelial cell growth during angiogenesis, and increases the permeability of tumor vasculature so that proteins and other growth factors become accessible to the tumor. Broad-spectrum antitumor efficacy of an oral dosage form of an inhibitor of VEGF signaling has been reported. Thus, inhibition of VEGF receptor signaling presents an important therapeutic target. An extracellular receptor can also be a target for inhibition. For example, the EGF receptor family and its ligands are overexpressed and exist as an autocrine loop in many tumor types.

Increasing knowledge of the structure and activation mechanism of RTKs and the signaling pathways controlled by tyrosine kinases provided the possibility for the development of target-specific drugs and new anticancer therapies. Approaches towards the prevention or interception of deregulated RTK signaling include the development of selective components that target either the extracellular ligand-binding domain or the intracellular tyrosine kinase or substrate-binding region.

One of the most successful strategies for selectively killing tumor cells is the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are directed against the extracellular domain of RTKs that are critically involved in cancer and are expressed at the surface of tumor cells. In recent years, recombinant antibody technology has made enormous progress in the design, selection and production of newly engineered antibodies, and it is possible to generate humanized antibodies, human-mouse chimeric or bispecific antibodies for targeted cancer therapy. Mechanistically, anti-RTK mAbs might work by blocking the ligand-receptor interaction and therefore inhibiting ligand-induced RTK signaling and increasing RTK downregulation and internalization. In addition, the binding of mAbs to certain epitopes on the cancer cells induces immune-mediated responses, such as opsonization and complement-mediated lysis, and triggers antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by macrophages or natural killer cells. In recent years, it has become evident that mAbs control tumor growth by altering the intracellular signaling pattern inside the targeted tumor cell, leading to growth inhibition and/or apoptosis. In contrast, bispecific antibodies can bridge selected surface molecules on a target cell with receptors on an effector cell triggering cytotoxic responses against the target cell. Despite the toxicity that has been seen in clinical trials of bispecific antibodies, advances in antibody engineering, characterization of tumor antigens, and immunology might help to predict rationally designed bispecific antibodies for anticancer therapy.

Another promising approach to inhibit aberrant RTK signaling are small molecule drugs that selectively interfere with the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and thereby block receptor autophosphorylation and activation of downstream signal transducers. The tyrphostins, which belong to the quinazolines, are one important group of such inhibitors that compete with ATP for the ATP binding site at the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor; some members of the tyrphostins have been shown to specifically inhibit the EGFR. Potent and selective inhibitors of receptors involved in neovascularization have also been developed and are now undergoing clinical evaluation. Using the advantages of structure-based drug design, crystallographic structure information, combinatorial chemistry, and high-throughput screening, new structural classes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with increased potency and selectivity, higher in vitro and in vivo efficacy, and decreased toxicity have emerged.

Recombinant immunotoxins provide another possibility of target-selective drug design. They are composed of a bacterial or plant toxin either fused or chemically conjugated to a specific ligand, such as the variable domains of the heavy and light chains of mAbs, or to a growth factor. For example, immunotoxins may contain the bacterial toxins Pseudomonas exotoxin A or diphtheria toxin, or the plant toxins ricin A or clavin. These recombinant molecules can selectively kill their target cells when internalized after binding to specific cell-surface receptors.

The use of antisense oligonucleotides represents another strategy to inhibit the activation of RTKs. Antisense oligonucleotides are short pieces of synthetic DNA or RNA that are designed to interact with the mRNA to block the transcription and thus the expression of specific proteins. These compounds interact with the mRNA by Watson-Crick base pairing and are therefore highly specific for the target protein. On the other hand, bioavailability may be poor since oligonucleotides can be degraded upon internalization by cellular endonucleases and exonucleases. Nevertheless, several preclinical and clinical studies suggest that antisense therapy might be therapeutically useful for the treatment of solid tumors.

A recent search of a public website cataloging clinical trials, many of which are actively recruiting patients, provided a list of over 100 clinical trials in response to the search term “kinase.” A summary of some of the most successful drugs against receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling that are currently being evaluated in clinical phases or have already been approved by the FDA is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1


RTK	Drug	Company	Description	Status

human epidermal	trastuzumab	Genentech	mAb directed	Approved
growth factor	(Herceptin ®)		against HER2	in 1998
receptor-2
(HER2)
EGFR	gefitinib	AstraZeneca	TKI that inhibits	Approved
	(Iressa ®;		EGFR signaling	in 2003
	ZD1839)
EGFR	cetuximab	ImClone	mAb directed	Approved
	(Erbitux ®; C225)		against EGFR	in 2004
EGFR	erlotinib	OSI	TKI that inhibits	Phase
	(Tarceva ®;	Pharmaceuticals	EGFR signaling	II/III
	OSI-774)
VEGFR2	investigational	Pfizer	TKI that inhibits	Phase I/II
	oral drug (name		VEGFR2 signaling
	not available)
VEGFR2	ZD6474	AstraZeneca	TKI that inhibits	Phase II
			VEGFR2 signaling
PDGFR	imatinib mesylate	Novartis	TKI that inhibits	Approved
	(Gleevec ®;		PDGFR signaling	in 2001/
	STI571)		(among several other	2002
			actions)

Therefore, the potential of RTKs and their relevant signaling as selective anticancer targets for therapeutic intervention has been recognized. As a consequence, a variety of successful target-specific drugs such as mAbs and RTK inhibitors have been developed and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials.

Nonreceptor PTKs lack transmembrane regions and instead form complexes with the intracellular regions of cell surface receptors. Such receptors that function through nonreceptor PTKs include those for cytokines, hormones (e.g., growth hormone and prolactin) and antigen-specific receptors on T and B lymphocytes.

Many of these PTKs were first identified as the products of mutant oncogenes in cancer cells where their activation was no longer subject to normal cellular controls. About one third of the known oncogenes encode PTKs, and it is well known that cellular transformation (oncogenesis) is often accompanied by increased tyrosine phosphorylation activity (Charbonneau and Tonks (1992) Annu. Rev. Cell. Biol., 8:463-93).

Many tyrosine kinase inhibitors are derived from natural products including flavopiridol, genistein, erbstatin, lavendustin A, staurosporine, and UCN-01. Inhibitors directed at the ATP binding site are also available. Signals from RTKs can also be inhibited at other target sites, such as nuclear tyrosine kinases, membrane anchors (inhibition of farnesylation), and transcription factors.

Targeting the signaling potential of growth-promoting tyrosine kinases such as EGFR, HER2, PDGFR, src, and abl will block tumor growth, whereas blocking IGF-I and TRK will interfere with tumor cell survival. Inhibiting these kinases will lead to tumor shrinkage and apoptosis. Fk1-1/KDR and src are kinases necessary for neovascularization (angiogenesis) of tumors, and inhibition of these kinases will slow tumor growth, thereby decreasing metastases.

Inhibitors of RTKs stabilize the tumor in terms of cell proliferation, allowing normal cell loss via apoptosis, and prevent cell migration, invasion, and metastases. These drugs are likely to increase the time required for tumor progression, and may inhibit or attenuate the aggressiveness of the disease, but may not initially result in measurable tumor regression.

An example of cancer arising from a defective tyrosine kinase is a class of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lymphomas referred to as “ALKomas,” which display inappropriate expression of a neural-specific tyrosine kinase.

Iressa® (gefitinib; ZD1839) is an orally active, selective EGFR inhibitor. This compound disrupts signaling involved in cancer cell proliferation, cell survival and tumor growth support by the host. Clinical trials with this agent demonstrated that it was clinically efficacious and well tolerated by patients. The compound has shown promising cytotoxicity towards several cancer cell lines. It recently has been approved by the FDA for advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

Many growth factors and cytokines regulate cellular functions via the Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat). The JAK inhibitor tyrphostin AG490 prevents Stat3 activation and suppresses the growth of human prostate cancer cells.

Since the majority of protein kinases, both STKs and PTKs, are expressed in the brain, often in neuron-specific fashion, protein phosphorylation must play a key role in the development, maintenance, and function of the vertebrate central nervous system (Hunter (1998-99) Harvey Lect. 94:81-119). There is substantial evidence that many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, age-related neurodegeneration, depression, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, result from deficiencies in neurogenesis itself, or in the balance between neurogenesis and neurodegeneration (Duman et al. (1999) Biol. Psychiatry 46:1181-91; Jacobs et al. (2000) Mol. Psychiatry 5:262-69; Gage (2002) J. Neurosci. 22:612-13). Thus, neuron-specific kinases are well established as targets for the development of pharmacologically active modulators useful in the treatment of neurological diseases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides isolated protein kinase polypeptides and the isolated nucleic acid molecules that encode them. The invention also provides genetically engineered expression vectors, host cells, and transgenic animals comprising the nucleic acid molecules of the invention. The invention additionally provides antisense and RNA interference (RNAi) molecules to the nucleic acid molecules of the invention. The invention further provides inhibitors, activators, and antibodies capable of binding to the protein kinase polypeptides of the invention, and provides uses for these inhibitors, activators, and antibodies in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows preferred siRNA molecules targeted to human HIPK4 mRNA for use in RNAi. Target segments [SEQ ID NOs:18-34; 69-88; 129-143; and 174-179] of the HIPK4 transcripts are grouped according to their first two nucleotides (AA, CA, GA, or TA) and are shown in the 5′→3′ orientation. “GC Ratio” refers to the percentage of total G+C nucleotides in each target segment; “Position” refers to the nucleotide position in the human HIPK4 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:1) immediately preceding the beginning of each target segment. Preferred siRNA molecules (siRNA duplexes) are shown on the right side of the figure. The sense strand for each siRNA duplex [SEQ ID NOs:35-51; 89-108; 144-158; and 180-185] is shown in the 5′→3′ orientation; the corresponding antisense strand [SEQ ID NOs:52-68; 109-128; 159-173; and 186-191] is shown in the 3′→5′ orientation. For example, the siRNA molecule directed to the first target segment presented in the figure (i.e., SEQ ID NO:18) is the siRNA duplex of the sense and antisense strands identified (i.e., SEQ ID NO:35 and SEQ ID NO:52, respectively). [0052]
FIG. 2A, 2B, [0053] 2C, and 2D show the predicted amino acid sequences of human HIPK4 (SEQ ID NO:2), its predicted ATP binding domain, its predicted serine/threonine binding domain, and its predicted protein kinase domain, respectively.
FIG. 3A, 3B, [0054] 3C, and 3D show the predicted amino acid sequences of mouse HIPK4 (SEQ ID NO:5), its predicted ATP binding domain, its predicted serine/threonine binding domain, and its predicted protein kinase domain, respectively.
FIG. 4A, 4B, [0055] 4C, and 4D show the predicted amino acid sequences of monkey HIPK4 (SEQ ID NO:8), its predicted ATP binding domain, its predicted serine/threonine binding domain, and its predicted protein kinase domain, respectively.
FIG. 5A, 5B, [0056] 5C, and 5D show the predicted amino acid sequences of rat HIPK4 (SEQ ID NO:17), its predicted ATP binding domain, its predicted serine/threonine binding domain, and its predicted protein kinase domain, respectively.
FIG. 6 shows a comparison of the amino acid sequences (FIG. 6A) of the conserved kinase catalytic domains of human HIPK4 (humHIPK4; from SEQ ID NO:2), mouse HIPK4 (musHIPK4; from SEQ ID NO:5), monkey HIPK4 (monkeyHIPK4; from SEQ ID NO:8), and rat HIPK4 (ratHIPK4; from SEQ ID NO:17) with the kinase catalytic domains of several known HIPKs (musHIPK3; ratHIPK3; humHIPK3; humHIPK1-like; musHIPK1; humHIPK2; musHIPK2; wormF20B6; yeastYAK1; and dmCG17090). A phylogenetic tree of the aligned sequences, including public accession codes/numbers, is presented in FIG. 6B. [0057]
FIG. 7 shows a comparison of the amino acid sequences (FIG. 7A) of the conserved kinase catalytic domains of human HIPK4 (humHIPK4; from SEQ ID NO:2), mouse HIPK4 (musHIPK4; from SEQ ID NO:5), monkey HIPK4 (monkeyHIPK4; from SEQ ID NO:8), and rat HIPK4 (ratHIPK4; from SEQ ID NO:17) with the kinase catalytic domains of several known DYRKs, or dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylated and regulated kinases (musDYRK1A; ratDYRK1A; humDYRK1A; humDYRK1B; musDYRK1B; dmMNB; wormT04C10; dmSMI35A; humDYRK4; humDYRK2; humDYRK3; wormF49E11; KAB7_SCHPO; and POM1_SCHPO). A phylogenetic tree of the aligned sequences, including public accession codes/numbers, is presented in FIG. 7B. [0058]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel isolated and purified polynucleotides and polypeptides homologous to the kinase catalytic domains of various known HIPKs. [0059]
For example, the invention provides purified and isolated polynucleotides encoding a novel protein kinase, herein designated “HIPK4.” This protein kinase has an approximate molecular weight of 69 kD. Preferred DNA sequences of the invention include genomic and cDNA sequences and chemically synthesized DNA sequences. [0060]
The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding this novel protein kinase, designated human HIPK4 cDNA, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:1. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:1, or its complement, and/or encode polypeptides that retain substantial biological activity of full-length human HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1 comprising at least 21 consecutive nucleotides. [0061]
The deduced amino acid sequence of human HIPK4 is set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. Polypeptides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2 comprising at least seven consecutive amino acids. A preferred polypeptide of the present invention includes any continuous portion of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2 that retains substantial biological activity (i.e., an active fragment) of full-length human HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include, in addition to those polynucleotides of human origin described above, polynucleotides that encode the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2 or a continuous portion thereof, and that differ from the polynucleotides of human origin described above only due to the well-known degeneracy of the genetic code. [0062]
The nucleotide sequence of a genomic DNA encoding this novel protein kinase, designated human HIPK4 genomic DNA, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:3. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:3, or its complement, and/or encode polypeptides that retain substantial biological activity of full-length human HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3 comprising at least 21 consecutive nucleotides. [0063]
The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding this novel protein kinase, designated mouse HIPK4 cDNA, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:4, or its complement, and/or encode polypeptides that retain substantial biological activity of full-length mouse HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4 comprising at least 21 consecutive nucleotides. [0064]
The deduced amino acid sequence of mouse HIPK4 is set forth in SEQ ID NO:5. Polypeptides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5 comprising at least seven consecutive amino acids. A preferred polypeptide of the present invention includes any continuous portion of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5 that retains substantial biological activity (i.e., an active fragment) of full-length mouse HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include, in addition to those polynucleotides of mouse origin described above, polynucleotides that encode the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5 or a continuous portion thereof, and that differ from the polynucleotides of mouse origin described above only due to the well-known degeneracy of the genetic code. [0065]
The nucleotide sequence of a genomic DNA encoding this novel protein kinase, designated mouse HIPK4 genomic DNA, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:6. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:6, or its complement, and/or encode polypeptides that retain substantial biological activity of full-length mouse HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6 comprising at least 21 consecutive nucleotides. [0066]
The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding this novel protein kinase, designated monkey HIPK4 cDNA, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:7. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:7, or its complement, and/or encode polypeptides that retain substantial biological activity of full-length monkey HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7 comprising at least 21 consecutive nucleotides. [0067]
The deduced amino acid sequence of monkey HIPK4 is set forth in SEQ ID NO:8. Polypeptides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8 comprising at least seven consecutive amino acids. A preferred polypeptide of the present invention includes any continuous portion of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8 that retains substantial biological activity (i.e., an active fragment) of full-length monkey HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include, in addition to those polynucleotides of monkey origin described above, polynucleotides that encode the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8 or a continuous portion thereof, and that differ from the polynucleotides of monkey origin described above only due to the well-known degeneracy of the genetic code. [0068]
The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding this novel protein kinase, designated rat HIPK4 cDNA, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:16. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:16, or its complement, and/or encode polypeptides that retain substantial biological activity of full-length rat HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:16 comprising at least 21 consecutive nucleotides. [0069]
The deduced amino acid sequence of rat HIPK4 is set forth in SEQ ID NO:17. Polypeptides of the present invention also include continuous portions of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:17 comprising at least seven consecutive amino acids. A preferred polypeptide of the present invention includes any continuous portion of the sequence set forth in SEQ IID NO:17 that retains substantial biological activity (i.e., an active fragment) of full-length rat HIPK4. Polynucleotides of the present invention also include, in addition to those polynucleotides of rat origin described above, polynucleotides that encode the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:17 or a continuous portion thereof, and that differ from the polynucleotides of rat origin described above only due to the well-known degeneracy of the genetic code. [0070]
The isolated polynucleotides of the present invention may be used as hybridization probes and primers to identify and isolate nucleic acids having sequences identical to, or similar to, those encoding the disclosed polynucleotides. Hybridization methods for identifying and isolated nucleic acids include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern hybridization, and Northern hybridization, and are well known to those skilled in the art. [0071]

Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different stringencies. The stringency of a hybridization reaction includes the difficulty with which any two nucleic acid molecules will hybridize to one another. Preferably, each hybridizing polynucleotide hybridizes to its corresponding polynucleotide under reduced stringency conditions, more preferably stringent conditions, and most preferably highly stringent conditions. Examples of stringency conditions are shown in Table 2 below: highly stringent conditions are those that are at least as stringent as, for example, conditions A-F; stringent conditions are at least as stringent as, for example, conditions G-L; and reduced stringency conditions are at least as stringent as, for example, conditions M-R.

TABLE 2


			Hybridization	Wash
Stringency	Polynucleotide	Hybrid Length	Temperature and	Temperature
Condition	Hybrid	(bp)¹	Buffer²	and Buffer²

A	DNA:DNA	>50	65° C.; 1 × SSC -or-	65° C.; 0.3 × SSC
			42° C.; 1 × SSC,
			50% formamide
B	DNA:DNA	<50	T_B*; 1 × SSC	T_B*; 1 × SSC
C	DNA:RNA	>50	67° C.; 1 × SSC -or-	67° C.; 0.3 × SSC
			45° C.; 1 × SSC,
			50% formamide
D	DNA:RNA	<50	T_D*; 1 × SSC	T_D*; 1 × SSC
E	RNA:RNA	>50	70° C.; 1 × SSC	70° C.; 0.3xSSC
			-or-
			50° C.; 1 × SSC,
			50% formamide
F	RNA:RNA	<50	T_F*; 1 × SSC	T_f*; 1 × SSC
G	DNA:DNA	>50	65° C.; 4 × SSC	65° C.; 1 × SSC
			-or-
			42° C.; 4 × SSC,
			50% formamide
H	DNA:DNA	<50	T_H*; 4 × SSC	T_H*; 4 × SSC
I	DNA:RNA	>50	67° C.; 4 × SSC	67° C.; 1 × SSC
			-or-
			45° C.; 4 × SSC,
			50% formamide
J	DNA:RNA	<50	T_J*; 4 × SSC	T_J*; 4 × SSC
K	RNA:RNA	>50	70° C.; 4 × SSC	67° C.; 1 × SSC
			-or-
			50° C.; 4 × SSC,
			50% formamide
L	RNA:RNA	<50	T_L*; 2 × SSC	T_L*; 2 × SSC
M	DNA:DNA	>50	50° C.; 4 × SSC	50° C.; 2 × SSC
			-or-
			40° C.; 6 × SSC,
			50% formamide
N	DNA:DNA	<50	T_N*; 6 × SSC	T_N*; 6 × SSC
O	DNA:RNA	>50	55° C.; 4 × SSC	55° C.; 2 × SSC
			-or-
			42° C.; 6 × SSC,
			50% formamide
P	DNA:RNA	<50	T_P*; 6 × SSC	T_P*; 6 × SSC
Q	RNA:RNA	>50	60° C.; 4 × SSC -or-	60° C.; 2 × SSC
			45° C.; 6 × SSC,
			50% formamide
R	RNA:RNA	<50	T_R*; 4 × SSC	T_R*; 4 × SSC




# length, T_m(° C.) = 81.5 + 16.6(log₁₀Na⁺) + 0.41(% G + C) − (600/N), where N is the number of bases in the hybrid, and Na⁺is the concentration of sodium ions in the hybridization buffer (Na⁺for 1 × SSC = 0.165M).

The isolated polynucleotides of the present invention may be used as hybridization probes and primers to identify and isolate DNAs having sequences encoding allelic variants of the disclosed polynucleotides. Allelic variants are naturally occurring alternative forms of the disclosed polynucleotides that encode polypeptides that are identical to or have significant similarity to the polypeptides encoded by the disclosed polynucleotides. Preferably, allelic variants have at least 90% sequence identity (more preferably, at least 95% identity; most preferably, at least 99% identity) with the disclosed polynucleotides. In one embodiment of the invention, an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a sequence at least 96.3% identical to SEQ ID NO:1 is provided. [0073]
The isolated polynucleotides of the present invention may also be used as hybridization probes and primers to identify and isolate DNAs having sequences encoding polypeptides homologous to the disclosed polynucleotides. These homologs are polynucleotides and polypeptides isolated from different species than those of the disclosed polypeptides and polynucleotides, or within the same species, but with significant sequence similarity to the disclosed polynucleotides and polypeptides. Preferably, polynucleotide homologs have at least 60% sequence identity (more preferably, at least 75% identity; most preferably, at least 90% identity) with the disclosed polynucleotides, whereas polypeptide homologs have at least 30% sequence identity (more preferably, at least 45% identity; most preferably, at least 60% identity) with the disclosed polypeptides. Preferably, homologs of the disclosed polynucleotides and polypeptides are those isolated from mammalian species. In one embodiment of the invention, an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a sequence at least 96.3% identical to SEQ ID NO:1 is provided. In another embodiment of the invention, a purified polypeptide, the amino acid sequence of which comprises a sequence at least 97.2% identical to SEQ ID NO:2, is provided. [0074]
The isolated polynucleotides of the present invention may also be used as hybridization probes and primers to identify cells and tissues that express the polypeptides of the present invention and the conditions under which they are expressed. [0075]
Additionally, the isolated polynucleotides of the present invention may be used to alter (i.e., enhance, reduce, or modify) the expression of the genes corresponding to the polynucleotides of the present invention in an organism. These “corresponding genes” are the genomic DNA sequences of the present invention (e.g., SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:6) that are transcribed to produce the mRNAs from which the cDNA polynucleotides of the present invention (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:4) are derived. [0076]
Altered expression of the genes of the present invention in a cell or organism may be achieved through the use of various inhibitory polynucleotides, such as antisense polynucleotides and ribozymes that bind and/or cleave the mRNA transcribed from the genes of the invention (e.g., Galderisi et al. (1999) [0077] J. Cell Physiol. 181:251-57; Sioud (2001) Curr. Mol. Med. 1:575-88).
The antisense polynucleotides or ribozymes of the invention can be complementary to an entire coding strand of a gene of the invention, or to only a portion thereof. Alternatively, antisense polynucleotides or ribozymes can be complementary to a noncoding region of the coding strand of a gene of the invention. The antisense polynucleotides or ribozymes can be constructed using chemical synthesis and enzymatic ligation reactions using procedures well known in the art. The nucleoside linkages of chemically synthesized polynucleotides can be modified to enhance their ability to resist nuclease-mediated degradation, as well as to increase their sequence specificity. Such linkage modifications include, but are not limited to, phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, phosphoroamidate, boranophosphate, morpholino, and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) linkages (Galderisi et al., supra; Heasman (2002) [0078] Dev. Biol. 243:209-14; Micklefield (2001) Curr. Med. Chem. 8:1157-79). Alternatively, these molecules can be produced biologically using an expression vector into which a polynucleotide of the present invention has been subcloned in an antisense (i.e., reverse) orientation.
The inhibitory polynucleotides of the present invention also include triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) which bind in the major groove of duplex DNA with high specificity and affinity (Knauert and Glazer (2001) [0079] Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:2243-51). Expression of the genes of the present invention can be inhibited by targeting TFOs complementary to the regulatory regions of the genes (i.e., the promoter and/or enhancer sequences) to form triple helical structures that prevent transcription of the genes.
In a preferred embodiment, the inhibitory polynucleotide of the present invention is a short interfering RNA (siRNA). siRNAs are short (preferably 19-25 nucleotides; most preferably 19 or 21 nucleotides), double-stranded RNA molecules that cause sequence-specific degradation of target mRNA. This degradation is known as RNA interference (RNAi) (e.g., Bass (2001) [0080] Nature 411:428-29). Originally identified in lower organisms, RNAi has been effectively applied to mammalian cells and has recently been shown to prevent fulminant hepatitis in mice treated with siRNAs targeted to Fas mRNA (Song et al. (2003) Nature Med. 9:347-51).
The siRNA molecules of the present invention can be generated by annealing two complementary single-stranded RNA molecules together (one of which matches a portion of the target mRNA) (Fire et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,559) or through the use of a single hairpin RNA molecule which folds back on itself to produce the requisite double-stranded portion (Yu et al. (2002) [0081] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:6047-52). The siRNA molecules can be chemically synthesized (Elbashir et al. (2001) Nature 411:494-98) or produced by in vitro transcription using single-stranded DNA templates (Yu et al., supra). Alternatively, the siRNA molecules can be produced biologically, either transiently (Yu et al., supra; Sui et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:5515-20) or stably (Paddison et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:1443-48), using an expression vector(s) containing the sense and antisense siRNA sequences. Recently, reduction of levels of target mRNA in primary human cells, in an efficient and sequence-specific manner, was demonstrated using adenoviral vectors that express hairpin RNAs, which are further processed into siRNAs (Arts et al. (2003) Genome Res. 13:2325-32).
The siRNA molecules targeted to the polynucleotides of the present invention can be designed based on criteria well known in the art (e.g., Elbashir et al. (2001) [0082] EMBO J. 20:6877-88). For example, the target segment of the target mRNA preferably should begin with AA (most preferred), TA, GA, or CA; the GC ratio of the siRNA molecule preferably should be 45-55%; the siRNA molecule preferably should not contain three of the same nucleotides in a row; the siRNA molecule preferably should not contain seven mixed G/Cs in a row; and the target segment preferably should be in the ORF region of the target MRNA and preferably should be at least 75 bp after the initiation ATG and at least 75 bp before the stop codon. Based on these criteria, preferred siRNA molecules of the present invention have been designed and are shown in FIG. 1. Other siRNA molecules targeted to the polynucleotides of the present invention can be designed by one of ordinary skill in the art using the aforementioned criteria or other known criteria (e.g., Reynolds et al. (2004) Nature Biotechnol. 22:326-30).
Altered expression of the genes of the present invention in a cell or organism may also be achieved through the creation of nonhuman transgenic animals into whose genomes polynucleotides of the present invention have been introduced. Such transgenic animals include animals that have multiple copies of a gene (i.e., the transgene) of the present invention. A tissue-specific regulatory sequence(s) may be operably linked to the transgene to direct expression of a polypeptide of the present invention to particular cells or a particular developmental stage. Methods for generating transgenic animals via embryo manipulation and microinjection, particularly animals such as mice, have become conventional and are well known in the art (e.g., Bockamp et al. (2002) [0083] Physiol. Genomics 11:115-32).
Altered expression of the genes of the present invention in an organism may also be achieved through the creation of animals whose endogenous genes corresponding to the polynucleotides of the present invention have been disrupted through insertion of extraneous polynucleotide sequences (i.e., a knockout animal). The coding region of the endogenous gene may be disrupted, thereby generating a nonfunctional protein. Alternatively, the upstream regulatory region of the endogenous gene may be disrupted, resulting in the altered expression of the still-functional protein. Methods for generating knockout animals include homologous recombination and are well known in the art (e.g., Wolfer et al. (2002) [0084] Trends Neurosci. 25:336-40).
The isolated polynucleotides of the present invention may be operably linked to an expression control sequence such as the pMT2 and pED expression vectors for recombinant production of the polypeptides of the present invention. General methods of expressing recombinant proteins are well known in the art. [0085]
A number of cell types may act as suitable host cells for recombinant expression of the polypeptides of the present invention. Mammalian host cells include, e.g., COS cells, CHO cells, 293 cells, A431 cells, 3T3 cells, CV-1 cells, HeLa cells, L cells, BHK21 cells, HL-60 cells, U937 cells, HaK cells, Jurkat cells, normal diploid cells, cell strains derived from in vitro culture of primary tissue, and primary explants. [0086]
Alternatively, it may be possible to recombinantly produce the polypeptides of the present invention in lower eukaryotes such as yeast or in prokaryotes. Potentially suitable yeast strains include [0087] Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromycesstrains, and Candida strains. Potentially suitable bacterial strains include Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhimurium. If the polypeptides of the present invention are made in yeast or bacteria, it may be necessary to modify them by, e.g., phosphorylation or glycosylation of appropriate sites, in order to obtain functionality. Such covalent attachments may be accomplished using well-known chemical or enzymatic methods.
The polypeptides of the present invention may also be recombinantly produced by operably linking the isolated polynucleotides of the present invention to suitable control sequences in one or more insect expression vectors, such as baculovirus vectors, and employing an insect cell expression system. Materials and methods for baculovirus/Sf9 expression systems are commercially available in kit form (e.g., the MaxBac® kit, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). [0088]
Following recombinant expression in the appropriate host cells, the polypeptides of the present invention may then be purified from culture medium or cell extracts using known purification processes, such as gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Purification may also include affinity chromatography with agents known to bind the polypeptides of the present invention. These purification processes may also be used to purify the polypeptides of the present invention from natural sources. [0089]
Alternatively, the polypeptides of the present invention may also be recombinantly expressed in a form that facilitates purification. For example, the polypeptides may be expressed as fusions with proteins such as maltose-binding protein (MBP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), or thioredoxin (TRX). Kits for expression and purification of such fusion proteins are commercially available from New England BioLabs (Beverly, Mass.), Pharmacia (Piscataway, N.J.), and Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.), respectively. The polypeptides of the present invention can also be tagged with a small epitope and subsequently identified or purified using a specific antibody to the epitope. A preferred epitope is the FLAG epitope, which is commercially available from Eastman Kodak (New Haven, Conn.). [0090]
The polypeptides of the present invention may also be produced by known conventional chemical synthesis. Methods for chemically synthesizing the polypeptides of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. Such chemically synthetic polypeptides may possess biological properties in common with the natural, purified polypeptides, and thus may be employed as biologically active or immunological substitutes for the natural polypeptides. [0091]
The polypeptides of the present invention also encompass molecules that are structurally different from the disclosed polypeptides (e.g., which have a slightly altered sequence), but which have substantially the same biochemical properties as the disclosed polypeptides (e.g., are changed only in functionally nonessential amino acid residues). Such molecules include naturally occurring allelic variants and deliberately engineered variants containing alterations, substitutions, replacements, insertions, or deletions. Techniques and kits for such alterations, substitutions, replacements, insertions, or deletions are well known to those skilled in the art. [0092]
Antibody molecules to the polypeptides of the present invention may be produced by methods well known to those skilled in the art. For example, monoclonal antibodies can be produced by generation of hybridomas in accordance with known methods. Hybridomas formed in this manner are then screened using standard methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to identify one or more hybridomas that produce an antibody that specifically binds with the polypeptides of the present invention. [0093]
A full-length polypeptide of the present invention may be used as the immunogen, or, alternatively, antigenic peptide fragments of the polypeptides may be used. An antigenic peptide of a polypeptide of the present invention comprises at least seven continuous amino acid residues and encompasses an epitope such that an antibody raised against the peptide forms a specific immune complex with the polypeptide. Preferably, the antigenic peptide comprises at least 10 amino acid residues, more preferably at least 15 amino acid residues, even more preferably at least 20 amino acid residues, and most preferably at least 30 amino acid residues. [0094]
As an alternative to preparing monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas, a monoclonal antibody to a polypeptide of the present invention may be identified and isolated by screening a recombinant combinatorial immunoglobulin library (e.g., an antibody phage display library) with a polypeptide of the present invention to thereby isolate immunoglobulin library members that bind to the polypeptide. Techniques and commercially available kits for generating and screening phage display libraries are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, examples of methods and reagents particularly amenable for use in generating and screening antibody display libraries can be found in the literature. [0095]
Polyclonal sera and antibodies may be produced by immunizing a suitable subject with a polypeptide of the present invention. The antibody titer in the immunized subject may be monitored over time by standard techniques, such as with ELISA using immobilized marker protein. If desired, the antibody molecules directed against a polypeptide of the present invention may be isolated from the subject or culture media and further purified by well known techniques, such as protein A chromatography, to obtain an IgG fraction. [0096]
Fragments of antibodies to the polypeptides of the present invention may be produced by cleavage of the antibodies in accordance with methods well known in the art. For example, immunologically active F(ab′) and F(ab′)[0097] ₂fragments may be generated by treating the antibodies with an enzyme such as pepsin.
Additionally, chimeric, humanized, and single-chain antibodies to the polypeptides of the present invention, comprising both human and nonhuman portions, may be produced using standard recombinant DNA techniques. Humanized antibodies may also be produced using transgenic mice that are incapable of expressing endogenous immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes, but that can express human heavy and light chain genes. [0098]
The polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present invention may also be used in screening assays to identify pharmacological agents or lead compounds for agents capable of modulating HIPK4 activity, either substrate binding and/or kinase activity. Such screening assays are well known in the art (e.g., Turek et al. (2001) [0099] Anal. Biochem. 299:45-53). For example, samples containing HIPK4 (either natural or recombinant) can be contacted with one of a plurality of test compounds (either small organic molecules or biological agents), and the activity of HIPK4 in each of the treated samples can be compared to the activity of HIPK4 in untreated samples or in samples contacted with different test compounds to determine whether any of the test compounds provides: (1) a substantially decreased level of HIPK4 activity, thereby indicating an inhibitor of HIPK4 activity, or (2) a substantially increased level of HIPK4 activity, thereby indicating an activator of HIPK4 activity. In a preferred embodiment, the identification of test compounds capable of modulating HIPK4 activity is performed using high-throughput screening assays, such as provided by BIACORE® (Biacore International AB, Uppsala, Sweden), BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer), and FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) assays, as well as ELISA.
The present invention is illustrated by the following examples related to human, mouse, monkey and rat cDNAs, designated human HIPK4 cDNA, mouse HIPK4 cDNA, monkey HIPK4 cDNA, and rat HIPK4 cDNA, respectively, encoding novel protein kinase polypeptides designated HIPK4. [0100]

EXAMPLES

The Examples which follow are set forth to aid in the understanding of the invention but are not intended to, and should not be construed to, limit its scope in any way. The Examples do not include detailed descriptions of conventional methods, such as those employed in the construction of vectors and plasmids, the insertion of genes encoding polypeptides into such vectors and plasmids, the introduction of such vectors and plasmids into host cells, or the expression of polypeptides from such vectors and plasmids in host cells. Such methods are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and are described in numerous publications. [0101]

Example 1

Identification of HIPK4 DNA Sequences

Example 1.1 Identification of Human HIPK4 Genomic and cDNA Sequences [0102]
Human HIPK4 was initially predicted by structural-based genome data mining using novel computational techniques based on bioinformatics principles described in Baxevanis and Ouellette, eds., [0103] Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins, Wiley InterScience, New York (2001), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Briefly, X-ray crystal structures of the catalytic domains of known mammalian and yeast serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases were collected from the SCOP database (http://scop.berkeley.edu/) and aligned according to their structural identities/similarities using the ProCeryon package (http://www.proceryon.com/). This alignment was converted into a “scoring matrix” which carries the structural profile of the kinase catalytic domains. DNA sequences encoding the predicted protein sequences aligning to the scoring matrix were extracted from public human genomic sequence databases, such as Celera and GenBank. The extracted nucleic acid sequences were clustered to eliminate repetitive entries. The putative kinase domains were then sequentially run through a series of queries and filters to identify novel protein kinase sequences. Specifically, the identified sequences were used to search a nucleotide and amino acid repository of known human protein kinases using BLASTN and BLASTX. The output was parsed into a spreadsheet to facilitate elimination of known genes by manual inspection. The selected hits were then queried using BLASTN against the NCBI nr and est databases to confirm their novelty and also to select the closest homologs.
Extensions of the partial DNA sequences were performed using the Genewise program to predict potential open reading frames based on homology to the closest homologs. Genewise requires two input sequences: the homologous protein and the genomic DNA containing the gene of interest. The homologs were identified by BLASTP searches of the NCBI nr protein database with the novel kinase hits described above. The genomic DNA was identified by BLASTN searches of the Celera and GenBank databases. The extended “virtual” cDNA sequences were then used to isolate the corresponding physical clones from cDNA libraries. [0104]
One such virtual cDNA sequence identified was homologous to known HIPKs of different species. This virtual cDNA sequence was used to isolate a physical clone with an open reading frame of 1848 bp (coding sequence of 1851 bp) from a human full-length testis library using GeneTrapper technology (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). This novel HIPK-like clone was termed human HIPK4. The human HIPK4 cDNA sequence, and its deduced amino acid sequence, are set forth in SEQ ID NOs:1 and 2, respectively. Based on known kinases, the 616 amino acid human HIPK4 polypeptide (FIG. 2A) is predicted to have an ATP binding domain ranging from amino acids 17-40 (FIG. 2B), a serine/threonine binding domain ranging from amino acids 132-144 (FIG. 2C), and a protein kinase domain ranging from amino acids 11-347 (FIG. 2D). [0105]
In additional experiments, isolation and sequencing of clones from a human fetal brain cDNA library corresponding to this HIPK-like sequence also revealed an open reading frame of 1848 bp (coding sequence of 1851 bp); in some clones, the sequence was identical to that isolated from the testis library, whereas in other clones a polymorphism was identified (G at position 905 changed to A, resulting in arginine at position 302 changed to glutamine). In brief detail, primer oligonucleotides were synthesized (based on virtual cDNA sequence) and used in a PCR with human fetal brain cDNA as template. The human fetal brain cDNA library was utilized per manufacturer's instructions (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.). The sequences of the forward (SEQ ID NO:9) and reverse (SEQ ID NO:10) primers for PCR were: [0106]

5′AACCGCATCATCAAGAACGAG3′ (forward primer)

5′GTCAGGGAAGGTTAGCCGACT3′. (reverse primer)
A product of the expected size was isolated, and the DNA sequence was determined and found to be identical to the predicted sequence for that region. Additional primer oligonucleotides were synthesized and used in RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) reactions in an attempt to identify the remaining portions of the cDNA. The forward (sense) primer was used in RACE reactions to identify the 3′ end of the sequence; the reverse (antisense) primer was used to identify the 5′ end. The sequences of the forward (SEQ ID NO:11) and reverse (SEQ ID NO:12) primers for the RACE reactions were: [0107]

5′AGACGAAGGTGCGCCCATTGGAG3′ (forward primer)

5′CTGGCGGATCCGAAGTCAATCAC3′. (reverse primer)

Comparison of the human HIPK4 cDNA sequences with the genomic DNA used for the GeneWise extension described above revealed that the human HIPK4 locus, which maps to human chromosome 19q13.1 (position numbers 38656144-38668459, according to Celera mapping), contains 4 exons and 3 introns, with 5′ and 3′ regions flanking the start and stop codons, respectively (see Table 3, below). The human HIPK4 genomic DNA sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO:3.

TABLE 3


Region in			Position in
SEQ ID NO: 3	Sequence Attribute	Length (nt)	SEQ ID NO: 1

1-2000	5′-sequence¹	2000	—
2001-2465	Exon 1	465	1-465
2466-7762	Intron 1	5297	—
7763-8119	Exon 2	357	466-822
8120-10734	Intron 2	2615	—
10735-11580	Exon 3	846	823-1668
11581-12133	Intron 3	553	—
12134-12313	Exon 4	180	1669-1848
12314-12316	Stop	3	1849-1851
12317-14316	3′-sequence²	2000	—

The human HIPK4 polymorphism identified in a fetal brain library (see above) was also found in a public database. A search of public single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) databases revealed that human HIPK4 contains 25 SNPs. Only one of the SNPs in the public databases occurs in the coding region of human HIPK4 (G/A at position 10817 in SEQ ID NO:3 (in exon 3), equivalent to position 905 in SEQ ID NO:1). [0109]
CLUSTAL W sequence alignment analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of human HEPK4 shows significant homology to the kinase catalytic domains of known HIPKs (FIG. 6). The predicted kinase catalytic domain of human HIPK4 (FIG. 2D) has the highest homology to the kinase catalytic domains of human HIPK2 and HIPK3 (˜50% identity; ˜66% similarity), but it is also homologous to the kinase catalytic domains of other known HIPKs, including mouse HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3, rat HIPK3[0110] , C. elegans HIPK1, and S. cerevisiae yak1. Interestingly, human HIPK4 lacks the homeodomain-interacting domain of the known HIPKs, which is a family signature of these kinases (e.g., Kim et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:25875-79).
Human HIPK2 has been predicted to be a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylated and regulated kinase (DYRK) family based on conservation of their kinase catalytic domains (Hofmann et al. (2000) [0111] Biochimie 82:1123-27). DYRKs are serine/threonine kinases believed to be involved in the regulation of growth and development, particularly in the brain (Himpel et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:2431-38). Mutations in the Drosophila DYRK homolog, protein kinase MNB, results in specific defects in the development of the central nervous system (Tejedor et al. (1995) Neuron 14:287-301). Likewise, overexpression of the human DYRK homolog, DYRK1A, which maps to the “Down syndrome critical region” of chromosome 21, causes neurodevelopmental delay, motor abnormalities, and cognitive deficits in mice similar to those seen in Down syndrome (Altafaj et al. (2001) Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:1915-23). Based on the strong homology of HIPK4 to known HIPKs at the kinase catalytic domain, HIPK4 is also predicted to be a member of the DYRK kinase family. CLUSTAL W sequence alignment analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of human HIPK4 and known members of the DYRK family revealed significant homology at the kinase catalytic domain (FIG. 7). In particular, human HIPK4 possesses the consensus sequence, Y-hydrophobic aliphatic residue- - -T/S-R-aromatic residue-Y-R-S/A-P-E (see FIG. 7, amino acids 168-178), thought to confer proline specificity at the P+1 site in DYRK substrates (see Himpel et al., supra).
Example 1.2 Identification of Mouse HIPK4 Genomic and cDNA Sequences [0112]
A mouse HIPK4 virtual cDNA was extracted from public murine genomic DNA databases based on the human HIPK4 cDNA sequence. This virtual cDNA sequence was used to isolate a physical clone, with an open reading frame of 1848 bp (coding sequence of 1851 bp), from a mouse full-length testis library using GeneTrapper technology (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). This mouse HIPK4 cDNA sequence, which shares 87% identity with the human HIPK4 cDNA sequence, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:4. The deduced amino acid sequence of mouse HIPK4, which is 87% identical and 89% similar to the deduced amino acid sequence of human HIPK4, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:5. Like human HIPK4, the 616 amino acid mouse HIPK4 polypeptide (FIG. 3A) is predicted to have an ATP binding domain ranging from amino acids 17-40 (FIG. 3B), a serine/threonine binding domain ranging from amino acids 132-144 (FIG. 3C), and a protein kinase domain ranging from amino acids 11-347 (FIG. 3D). [0113]
Similar to human HIPK4, the deduced amino acid sequence of mouse HIPK4 shows significant homology to the kinase catalytic domains of known HIPKs (FIG. 6). The predicted kinase catalytic domain of mouse HIPK4 (FIG. 3D) has the highest homology to the kinase catalytic domains of mouse HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3 (50% identity; 66% similarity), but it is also homologous to the kinase catalytic domains of other know HIPKs, including human HIPK1 and HIPK2, rat HIPK3[0114] , C. elegans HIPK1, and S. cerevisiae yak1. Like human HIPK4, mouse HIPK4 lacks the homeodomain-interacting domain of the known HIPKs (FIG. 6) and contains the proline specificity consensus sequence of known DYRKs (FIG. 7).

Comparison of the mouse HIPK4 cDNA sequence with the genomic DNA used to extract the “virtual” cDNA described above revealed that the mouse HIPK4 locus, which maps to mouse chromosome 7A3 (position numbers 19103968-19115318, according to Celera mapping), contains 4 exons and 3 introns (see Table 4, below). A comparison of Table 3 and Table 4 shows that exonic size and intronic position are well conserved between the human and mouse HIPK4 DNA sequences. The mouse HIPK4 genomic DNA sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO:6.

TABLE 4


Region in	Sequence		Position in
SEQ ID NO: 6	Attribute	Length (nt)	SEQ ID NO: 4

1-2000	5′-sequence¹	2000	—
2001-2465	Exon 1	465	1-465
2466-6779	Intron 1	4314	—
6780-7136	Exon 2	357	466-822
7137-7432	Intron 2	296	—
7433-8281	Exon 3	849	823-1671
8282-9171	Intron 3	890	—
9172-9348	Exon 4	177	1672-1848
9349-9351	Stop	3	1849-1851
9352-11351	3′-sequence²	2000	—

A search of public SNP databases revealed that mouse HIPK4 contains 12 SNPs, of which 2 (both silent) occur in the coding region of mouse HIPK4 (A/G at position 2045 in SEQ ID NO:6 (in exon 1), equivalent to [0116] position 45 in SEQ IDf NO:4; and G/C at position 2444 in SEQ ID NO:6 (in exon 1), equivalent to position 444 in SEQ ID NO:4).
Example 1.3 Identification of Monkey HIPK4 cDNA Sequence [0117]
The cDNA sequence of human HIPK4 was used to search against public nucleic acid databases using BLASTN. An open reading frame of 1848 bp (coding sequence of 1851 bp) was identified that corresponded to [0118] Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) testis cDNA clone QtsA-20664 (GenBank AB074449). This monkey HIPK4 ortholog, which shares 96.2% identity with the human HIPK4 cDNA sequence and 86% identity with the mouse HIPK4 cDNA, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:7. The deduced amino acid sequence of monkey HIPK4, which is 97.1% identical and 97.7% similar to the deduced amino acid sequence of human HIPK4, and 87% identical and 90% similar to the deduced amino acid sequence of mouse HIPK4, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:8. Like human and mouse HIPK4, the 616 amino acid monkey HIPK4 polypeptide (FIG. 4A) is predicted to possess an ATP binding domain ranging from amino acids 17-40 (FIG. 4B), a serine/threonine binding domain ranging from amino acids 132-144 (FIG. 4C), and a protein kinase domain ranging from amino acids 11-347 (FIG. 4D).
Similar to human and mouse HIPK4, the deduced amino acid sequence of monkey HIPK4 shows significant homology to the kinase catalytic domains of known HIPKs (FIG. 6). The predicted kinase catalytic domain of monkey HIPK4 (FIG. 4D) has the highest homology to the kinase catalytic domains of human HIPK2 and HIPK3 (˜50% identity, ˜66% similarity), but it is also homologous to the kinase catalytic domains of other known HIPKs, including mouse HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3, rat HIPK3[0119] , C. elegans HIPK1, and S. cerevisiae yak1. Like human and mouse HIPK4, monkey HIPK4 lacks the homeodomain-interacting domain of the known HIPKs (FIG. 6) and contains the proline specificity consensus sequence of known DYRKs (FIG. 7).
Example 1.4 Identification of Rat HIPK4 cDNA Sequence [0120]
A search of public nucleic acid databases using the human HIPK4 cDNA sequence also identified an open reading frame of 1848 bp (coding sequence of 1851 bp) that corresponded to a predicted [0121] Rattus norvegicus sequence (GenBank XM218355) similar to monkey HIPK4 identified in Example 1.3 above. Three ESTs (GenBank BF543284, BF389548, and A1716144) supported regions of the predicted sequence, including the final predicted exon and the 3′ UTR, suggesting that this rat sequence is an actual expressed HIPK4. This rat HIPK4 ortholog, which shares 83% identity with the human HIPK4 cDNA sequence, 95% identity with the mouse HIPK4 cDNA, and 84% identity with the monkey HEPK4 cDNA, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:16. The deduced amino acid sequence of rat HIPK4, which is 87% identical and 88% similar to the deduced amino acid sequence of human HIPK4, 98% identical and 98% similar to the deduced amino acid sequence of mouse HIPK4, and 87% identical and 89% similar to the deduced amino acid sequence of monkey HIPK4, is set forth in SEQ ID NO:17. Like human, mouse, and monkey HIPK4, the 616 amino acid rat HIPK4 polypeptide (FIG. 5A) is predicted to possess an ATP binding domain ranging from amino acids 17-40 (FIG. 5B), a serine/threonine binding domain ranging from amino acids 132-144 (FIG. 5C), and a protein kinase domain ranging from amino acids 11-347 (FIG. 5D).
Similar to human, mouse, and monkey HIPK4, the deduced amino acid sequence of rat HIPK4 shows significant homology to the kinase catalytic domains of known HIPKs (FIG. 6). The predicted kinase catalytic domain of rat HIPK4 (FIG. 5D) has the highest homology to the kinase catalytic domains of human HIPK2 and HIPK3 (˜50% identity, ˜66% similarity), but it is also homologous to the kinase catalytic domains of other known HIPKs, including mouse HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3, rat HIPK3[0122] , C. elegans HIPK1, and S. cerevisiae yak1. Like human, mouse, and monkey HIPK4, rat HIPK4 lacks the homeodomain-interacting domain of the known HIPKs (FIG. 6) and contains the proline specificity consensus sequence of known DYRKs (FIG. 7).

Example 2

Tissue Expression of the Human HIPK4

Example 2.1 Northern Analysis [0123]
Tissue expression of HIPK4 was first assessed by Northern analysis using a Clontech Multiple Tissue Northern (MTN) Blot (Palo Alto, Calif.). MTN blots contain approximately 1 μg of polyA[0124] ⁺ RNA/lane from twelve human tissues. The RNA is run on a denaturing formaldehyde 1.0% agarose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and fixed by UV irradiation.
Based upon the cDNA sequence of human HIPK4 (SEQ ID NO:2), PCR primers were designed to amplify a 521 nt fragment (SEQ ID NO:13) from human genomic DNA. The primers were designed to amplify coding sequence corresponding to [0125] exon 3 of human HIPK4, thereby avoiding the highly conserved kinase domain and reducing the possibility of nonspecific hybridization. The sequences of the forward (SEQ ID NO:14) and reverse (SEQ ID NO:15) primers were:

5′ACGAGACCACCCACTACTAC3′ (forward primer)

5′GAGATGCTCTCCTTCCTCCC3′ (reverse primer)
The amplified fragment was gel purified and sequence confirmed. The fragment was labeled with [α[0126] ³²P]dCTP by random priming to produce the Northern probe.
The MTN blot was hybridized with 1-2×10[0127] ⁶cpm/mL ³²P probe in QuickHyb® buffer (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) along with 150 μg denatured sonicated salmon sperm DNA at 68° C. for 2-4 hours. The blot was washed with 2×SSC/1% SDS and 0.1×SSC/1% SDS multiple times at 65° C. Following the washes, the blot was exposed to film for multiple exposures. A very strong HIPK4 transcript approximately 5 kb in size was detected in brain tissue, while weaker transcripts of approximately 5 kb and 3 kb were detected in skeletal muscle.
Example 2.2 Tissue Array Analysis [0128]
The tissue expression of human HIPK4 was further analyzed using a Clontech Multiple Tissue Expression (MTE) array. MTE arrays are dot blots containing normalized loadings of polyA[0129] ⁺ RNA from 72 different human tissues and eight different control RNAs and DNAs.
The MTE blot was hybridized with 1-2×10[0130] ⁶cpm/mL ³²P probe as produced in Example 2.1 in QuickHyb® buffer along with 150 μg denatured sonicated salmon sperm DNA and 30 μg denatured human Cot-I DNA at 65° C. for approximately 18 hours. The blot was washed with 2×SSC/1% SDS and 0.1×SSC/1% SDS multiple times at 65° C. Following the washes, the blot was exposed to film for multiple exposures. Prominent HIPK4 expression was detected in multiple subcortical, mid-brain regions known to be involved in age-related neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's) and in mood disorders (e.g., depression), including hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate nucleus. Weaker signals above background were also detected in testis, skeletal muscle, and lung.
Example 2.3 Cancer Array Analysis [0131]
The expression of human HIPK4 in various human cancers was assessed using a Clontech Cancer Profiling Array (CPA). CPAs are dot blots of 241 paired cDNA samples from tumor and adjacent normal tissue from individual patients. [0132]
The CPA blot was hybridized with 1-2×10[0133] ⁶cpm/mL 32P probe as produced in Example 2.1 in ExpressHyb® buffer (Clontech) along with 150 μg denatured sonicated salmon sperm DNA and 30 μg denatured human Cot-1 DNA at 65° C. for approximately 18 hours. The blot was washed with 2×SSC/1% SDS and 0.1×SSC/1% SDS multiple times at 65° C. Following the washes, the blot was exposed to film for multiple exposures. Human HIPK4 appeared to be somewhat downregulated in kidney tumors. The results of these tissue expression studies indicate that human HIPK4 is a novel kinase that is strongly expressed in brain and may be improperly expressed in tumors. Thus, human HIPK4 is a potential target for the development of human therapeutic agents, particularly those useful for treating neurological diseases and cancers.

Example 3

Inhibition of HIPK4 Expression Using Antisense Oligonucleotides or RNAi

The ability of antisense oligonucleotides complementary to HIPK4 nucleic acid sequences, or siRNA duplexes (RNAi) matching HIPK4 nucleic acid sequences, to inhibit expression of HIPK4 can be assessed in vitro by treating cells in tissue culture that naturally or recombinantly express HIPK4. Decreases in HIPK4 RNA levels can be detected by Northern analysis or RNA protection assays or other methods known in the art, while decreases in HIPK4 protein levels can be detected by Western analysis (e.g., below) or immunoassay or other methods known in the art. [0134]
For Western analysis, cells are plated at an appropriate concentration in 96-well tissue culture-treated plates. For the SW480 colon carcinoma cell line, 30,000 cells/well is an appropriate cell concentration. The desired antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA duplex is transfected into the cells using an appropriate transfection reagent. Criteria for selecting and designing these oligonucleotides or duplexes are well known in the art (see, e.g., Elbashir et al. (2001) [0135] EMBO J. 20:6877-88). For SW480 cells, Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) is an appropriate transfection reagent. The following two master mixes/well are prepared in quantities sufficient to run samples in triplicate:
Mix 1: 30 μl OptiMEM reduced serum media (Invitrogen)+0.35 μl Lipofectamine [0136]
Mix 2: 30 μl OptiMEM+500 nM antisense oligonucleotide or 200 nM siRNA duplex. [0137]
Mix 2 for control cells lacks antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA duplex. [0138]
[0139] Mix 1 is added to Mix 2 and incubated at room temperature for 20 min. While the incubation is proceeding, cells are washed with 100 μl/well OptiMEM. Cells are refed with 100 μl/well OptiMEM, returned to a humidified environment and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂.
The OptiMEM is removed from the cells and the Lipofectamine mixture containing the antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA duplex is added. The cells are incubated at 37° C., 5% CO[0140] ₂, in a humidified environment for 4 h. The Lipofectamine mixture is removed and the cells refed with antibiotic-free media. The cells are incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂, in a humidified environment for 5 days.
The media is removed, the cells are washed with 1×phosphate-buffered saline, and 120 μl protein sample in Laemmli buffer is added to each well. The cells are scraped from the well, replicates are pooled, and the DNA is sheared by passing the samples through a 20-gauge needle. [0141]
Ten μl of each sample is loaded onto a 4-20% acrylamide Tris/glycine gel (Novex, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). The gel is run for 2 h at a constant 90 V in Tris/glycine/SDS (TGS). The separated proteins are transferred to Hybond ECL nitrocellulose (Amersham Biosciences Corp, Piscataway, N.J.) in 1×TGS, 20% methanol for 2 h at a constant 30 V using a Novex transfer unit. [0142]
The membranes are removed and rinsed in reverse-osmosis deionized water. The membranes are blocked in blocking buffer (1×Tris-buffered saline (TBS), 1% NP40, 5% nonfat dry milk) for 1 h at room temperature with shaking. A primary antibody that recognizes HIPK4 is diluted approximately 1:1000 in blocking buffer and added to the membrane at 4° C. overnight with shaking. [0143]
The membrane is washed three times in wash buffer (1×TBS, 1% NP40) for 15 min at room temperature with shaking. The membrane is then washed once in 1×TBS for 5 min at room temperature with shaking. The horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody appropriate for the primary antibody is diluted approximately 1:5000 in blocking buffer and added to the membrane for 2 h at room temperature with shaking. [0144]
The membrane is washed three times in wash buffer for 15 min at room temperature with shaking. The membrane is then washed once in 1×TBS for 5 min at room temperature with shaking. The blot is then developed using ECL reagents according to manufacturer's recommendations. A decrease in the amount of HIPK4 protein in treated cells compared with control cells would indicate that the antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA duplex was effective in inhibiting expression of HIPK4. [0145]

Example 4

Overexpression of Human HIPK4 Suppresses Programmed Cell Death (PCD)

Human HIPK4 cDNA expression plasmids were generated to investigate the effects of overexpression in standard cell death assays. The human HIPK4 coding sequence was amplified by PCR with primers containing appropriate restriction sites from a human fetal brain cDNA library (Clontech) and cloned into a pEGFP-N vector (Clontech) to provide a plasmid expressing the HIPK4 protein fused at its carboxy terminus to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Transfections into HeLa cells and the human neuroblastoma line SH-SY5Y were performed by standard lipid-based protocols. [0146]
Cells expressing EGFP were scored for nuclear morphology at 48 h posttransfection to assess the effects of human HIPK4 on programmed cell death (PCD). The overexpression of human HIPK4 did not induce PCD in either SH-SY5Y cells or HeLa cells as compared to EGFP alone. Cells were also treated 48 h posttransfection with staurosporine (STS), a potent inducer of PCD, for 4 h to evaluate potential protective effects of human HIPK4 expression. Human HIPK4 inhibited the induction of PCD by STS in both SH-SY5Y cells (250 nm STS) and HeLa cells (1 μM STS) by 30-40%. Human HIPK4 expression also reduced PCD in HeLa cells by ˜40% following 24 h treatment with 100 μM etoposide, an agent with a different mechanism of action than STS. These data demonstrate that human HIPK4 has a general protective activity against apoptosis, evident in different cell lines and with different initiating injuries. [0147]
Because it was important to determine whether the protective effect of human HIPK4 was a result of protein kinase activity, amino acids lysine-40 and aspartate-136 of human HIPK4, predicted to be functionally essential for kinase activity based on homology to known kinases (Bairoch and Claverie (1988) [0148] Nature 331:22), were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis (serine for lysine-40, and tryptophan for aspartate-136) using the QuickChange™ System (Stratagene) according to manufacturer's recommendations. Substitution of lysine-40 and aspartate-136, individually or together, almost completely abrogated the protective effect of human HIPK4 in HeLa cells against injury by 1 μM STS, indicating that the anti-PCD activity of human HIPK4 is mediated by its predicted protein kinase function.
The protective effects of human HIPK4 were also examined in a model system of neurodegeneration. Rat cerebral granular neurons (CGNs) grown in culture were transfected with an expression vector for human HIPK4/EGFP fusion protein or EGFP vector alone by a calcium phosphate method (Xia et al. (1996) [0149] J. Neurosci. 16:5425-36). Bcl-x_Lexpressed as an EGFP fusion protein served as a neuroprotective positive control (Boise et al. (1993) Cell 74:597-608). Transfected CGNs were injured 48 h posttransfection by transfer to growth media containing low levels of K⁺ (5 mM) and no serum for 24 h. CGNs expressing EGFP were scored for apoptosis by nuclear morphology. CGNs expressing HIPK4 were substantially protected from apoptotic injury as compared to vector alone (˜60% greater cell survival); in fact, this level of protection was equivalent to that seen in CGNs transfected with the antiapoptotic Bcl-x_Lprotein.
1 191 1 1851 DNA Homo sapiens CDS (1)..(1848) 1 atg tcc acc atc cag tcg gag act gac tgc tac gac atc atc gag gtc 48 Met Ser Thr Ile Gln Ser Glu Thr Asp Cys Tyr Asp Ile Ile Glu Val 1 5 10 15 ttg ggc aag ggg acc ttc ggg gag gta gcc aag ggc tgg cgg cgg agc 96 Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Lys Gly Trp Arg Arg Ser 20 25 30 acg ggc gag atg gtg gcc atc aag atc ctc aag aat gac gcc tac cgc 144 Thr Gly Glu Met Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn Asp Ala Tyr Arg 35 40 45 aac cgc atc atc aag aac gag ctg aag ctg ctg cac tgc atg cga ggc 192 Asn Arg Ile Ile Lys Asn Glu Leu Lys Leu Leu His Cys Met Arg Gly 50 55 60 cta gac cct gaa gag gcc cac gtc atc cgc ttc ctt gag ttc ttc cat 240 Leu Asp Pro Glu Glu Ala His Val Ile Arg Phe Leu Glu Phe Phe His 65 70 75 80 gac gcc ctc aag ttc tac ctg gtc ttt gag ctg ctg gag caa aac ctt 288 Asp Ala Leu Lys Phe Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Leu Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu 85 90 95 ttc gag ttc cag aag gag aac aac ttc gcg ccc ctc ccc gcc cgc cac 336 Phe Glu Phe Gln Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Arg His 100 105 110 atc cgt aca gtc acc ctg cag gtg ctc aca gcc ctg gcc cgg ctc aag 384 Ile Arg Thr Val Thr Leu Gln Val Leu Thr Ala Leu Ala Arg Leu Lys 115 120 125 gag ctg gct atc atc cac gct gat ctc aag cct gag aac atc atg ctg 432 Glu Leu Ala Ile Ile His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu 130 135 140 gtg gac cag acc cgc tgc ccc ttc agg gtc aag gtg att gac ttc gga 480 Val Asp Gln Thr Arg Cys Pro Phe Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly 145 150 155 160 tcc gcc agc att ttc agc gag gtg cgc tac gtg aag gag cca tac atc 528 Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Tyr Val Lys Glu Pro Tyr Ile 165 170 175 cag tcg cgc ttc tac cgg gcc cct gag atc ctg ctg ggg ctg ccc ttc 576 Gln Ser Arg Phe Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 tgc gag aag gtg gac gtg tgg tcc ctg ggc tgc gtc atg gct gag ctg 624 Cys Glu Lys Val Asp Val Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Met Ala Glu Leu 195 200 205 cac ctg ggc tgg cct ctc tac ccc ggc aac aac gag tac gac cag gtg 672 His Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Pro Gly Asn Asn Glu Tyr Asp Gln Val 210 215 220 cgc tac atc tgc gaa acc cag ggc ctg ccc aag cca cac ctg ttg cac 720 Arg Tyr Ile Cys Glu Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Lys Pro His Leu Leu His 225 230 235 240 gcc gcc tgc aag gcc cac cac ttc ttc aag cgc aac ccc cac cct gac 768 Ala Ala Cys Lys Ala His His Phe Phe Lys Arg Asn Pro His Pro Asp 245 250 255 gct gcc aac ccc tgg cag ctc aag tcc tcg gct gac tac ctg gcc gag 816 Ala Ala Asn Pro Trp Gln Leu Lys Ser Ser Ala Asp Tyr Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 acg aag gtg cgc cca ttg gag cgc cgc aag tat atg ctc aag tcg ttg 864 Thr Lys Val Arg Pro Leu Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Met Leu Lys Ser Leu 275 280 285 gac cag att gag aca gtg aat ggt ggc agt gtg gcc agt cgg cta acc 912 Asp Gln Ile Glu Thr Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ala Ser Arg Leu Thr 290 295 300 ttc cct gac cgg gag gcg ctg gcg gag cac gcc gac ctc aag agc atg 960 Phe Pro Asp Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu His Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Met 305 310 315 320 gtg gag ctg atc aag cgc atg ctg acc tgg gag tca cac gaa cgc atc 1008 Val Glu Leu Ile Lys Arg Met Leu Thr Trp Glu Ser His Glu Arg Ile 325 330 335 agc ccc agt gct gcc ctg cgc cac ccc ttc gtg tcc atg cag cag ctg 1056 Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala Leu Arg His Pro Phe Val Ser Met Gln Gln Leu 340 345 350 cgc agt gcc cac gag acc acc cac tac tac cag ctc tcg ctg cgc agc 1104 Arg Ser Ala His Glu Thr Thr His Tyr Tyr Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Ser 355 360 365 tac cgc ctc tcg ctg caa gtg gag ggg aag ccc ccc acg ccc gtc gtg 1152 Tyr Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Val Glu Gly Lys Pro Pro Thr Pro Val Val 370 375 380 gcc gca gaa gat ggg acc ccc tac tac tgt ctg gct gag gag aag gag 1200 Ala Ala Glu Asp Gly Thr Pro Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Ala Glu Glu Lys Glu 385 390 395 400 gct gcg ggt atg ggc agt gtg gcc ggc agc agc ccc ttc ttc cga gag 1248 Ala Ala Gly Met Gly Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Phe Phe Arg Glu 405 410 415 gag aag gca cca ggt atg caa aga gcc atc gac cag ctg gat gac ctg 1296 Glu Lys Ala Pro Gly Met Gln Arg Ala Ile Asp Gln Leu Asp Asp Leu 420 425 430 agt ctg cag gag gct ggg cat ggg ctg tgg ggt gag acc tgc acc aat 1344 Ser Leu Gln Glu Ala Gly His Gly Leu Trp Gly Glu Thr Cys Thr Asn 435 440 445 gcg gtc tcc gac atg atg gtc ccc ctc aag gca gcc atc act ggc cac 1392 Ala Val Ser Asp Met Met Val Pro Leu Lys Ala Ala Ile Thr Gly His 450 455 460 cat gtg ccc gac tcg ggc cct gag ccc atc ctg gcc ttc tac agc agc 1440 His Val Pro Asp Ser Gly Pro Glu Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Tyr Ser Ser 465 470 475 480 cgc ctg gca ggc cgc cac aag gcc cgc aag cca cct gcg ggt tcc aag 1488 Arg Leu Ala Gly Arg His Lys Ala Arg Lys Pro Pro Ala Gly Ser Lys 485 490 495 tcc gac tcc aac ttc agc aac ctc att cgg ctg agc cag gtc tcg cct 1536 Ser Asp Ser Asn Phe Ser Asn Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser Gln Val Ser Pro 500 505 510 gag gat gac agg ccc tgc cgg ggc agc agc tgg gag gaa gga gag cat 1584 Glu Asp Asp Arg Pro Cys Arg Gly Ser Ser Trp Glu Glu Gly Glu His 515 520 525 ctc ggg gcc tct gct gag cca ctg gcc atc ctg cag cga gat gag gat 1632 Leu Gly Ala Ser Ala Glu Pro Leu Ala Ile Leu Gln Arg Asp Glu Asp 530 535 540 ggg ccc aac att gac aac atg acc atg gaa gct gag agg cca gac cct 1680 Gly Pro Asn Ile Asp Asn Met Thr Met Glu Ala Glu Arg Pro Asp Pro 545 550 555 560 gag ctc ttc gac ccc agc agc tgt cct gga gaa tgg ctg agt gag cca 1728 Glu Leu Phe Asp Pro Ser Ser Cys Pro Gly Glu Trp Leu Ser Glu Pro 565 570 575 gac tgc acc ctg gag agc gtc agg ggc cca cgg gct cag ggg ctc cca 1776 Asp Cys Thr Leu Glu Ser Val Arg Gly Pro Arg Ala Gln Gly Leu Pro 580 585 590 ccc cgc cgc tcc cac cag cat ggt cca ccc cgg ggg gcc acc agc ttc 1824 Pro Arg Arg Ser His Gln His Gly Pro Pro Arg Gly Ala Thr Ser Phe 595 600 605 ctc cag cat gtc acc ggg cac cac tga 1851 Leu Gln His Val Thr Gly His His 610 615 2 616 PRT Homo sapiens 2 Met Ser Thr Ile Gln Ser Glu Thr Asp Cys Tyr Asp Ile Ile Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Lys Gly Trp Arg Arg Ser 20 25 30 Thr Gly Glu Met Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn Asp Ala Tyr Arg 35 40 45 Asn Arg Ile Ile Lys Asn Glu Leu Lys Leu Leu His Cys Met Arg Gly 50 55 60 Leu Asp Pro Glu Glu Ala His Val Ile Arg Phe Leu Glu Phe Phe His 65 70 75 80 Asp Ala Leu Lys Phe Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Leu Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu 85 90 95 Phe Glu Phe Gln Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Arg His 100 105 110 Ile Arg Thr Val Thr Leu Gln Val Leu Thr Ala Leu Ala Arg Leu Lys 115 120 125 Glu Leu Ala Ile Ile His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu 130 135 140 Val Asp Gln Thr Arg Cys Pro Phe Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly 145 150 155 160 Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Tyr Val Lys Glu Pro Tyr Ile 165 170 175 Gln Ser Arg Phe Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 Cys Glu Lys Val Asp Val Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Met Ala Glu Leu 195 200 205 His Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Pro Gly Asn Asn Glu Tyr Asp Gln Val 210 215 220 Arg Tyr Ile Cys Glu Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Lys Pro His Leu Leu His 225 230 235 240 Ala Ala Cys Lys Ala His His Phe Phe Lys Arg Asn Pro His Pro Asp 245 250 255 Ala Ala Asn Pro Trp Gln Leu Lys Ser Ser Ala Asp Tyr Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 Thr Lys Val Arg Pro Leu Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Met Leu Lys Ser Leu 275 280 285 Asp Gln Ile Glu Thr Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ala Ser Arg Leu Thr 290 295 300 Phe Pro Asp Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu His Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Met 305 310 315 320 Val Glu Leu Ile Lys Arg Met Leu Thr Trp Glu Ser His Glu Arg Ile 325 330 335 Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala Leu Arg His Pro Phe Val Ser Met Gln Gln Leu 340 345 350 Arg Ser Ala His Glu Thr Thr His Tyr Tyr Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Ser 355 360 365 Tyr Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Val Glu Gly Lys Pro Pro Thr Pro Val Val 370 375 380 Ala Ala Glu Asp Gly Thr Pro Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Ala Glu Glu Lys Glu 385 390 395 400 Ala Ala Gly Met Gly Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Phe Phe Arg Glu 405 410 415 Glu Lys Ala Pro Gly Met Gln Arg Ala Ile Asp Gln Leu Asp Asp Leu 420 425 430 Ser Leu Gln Glu Ala Gly His Gly Leu Trp Gly Glu Thr Cys Thr Asn 435 440 445 Ala Val Ser Asp Met Met Val Pro Leu Lys Ala Ala Ile Thr Gly His 450 455 460 His Val Pro Asp Ser Gly Pro Glu Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Tyr Ser Ser 465 470 475 480 Arg Leu Ala Gly Arg His Lys Ala Arg Lys Pro Pro Ala Gly Ser Lys 485 490 495 Ser Asp Ser Asn Phe Ser Asn Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser Gln Val Ser Pro 500 505 510 Glu Asp Asp Arg Pro Cys Arg Gly Ser Ser Trp Glu Glu Gly Glu His 515 520 525 Leu Gly Ala Ser Ala Glu Pro Leu Ala Ile Leu Gln Arg Asp Glu Asp 530 535 540 Gly Pro Asn Ile Asp Asn Met Thr Met Glu Ala Glu Arg Pro Asp Pro 545 550 555 560 Glu Leu Phe Asp Pro Ser Ser Cys Pro Gly Glu Trp Leu Ser Glu Pro 565 570 575 Asp Cys Thr Leu Glu Ser Val Arg Gly Pro Arg Ala Gln Gly Leu Pro 580 585 590 Pro Arg Arg Ser His Gln His Gly Pro Pro Arg Gly Ala Thr Ser Phe 595 600 605 Leu Gln His Val Thr Gly His His 610 615 3 14317 DNA Homo sapiens 3 gagttgaggt tttgtcatgt tggcaaggct ggtctcaaac tcctgacctc aggtgatccg 60 cccaccttgg cctctcaaag tgctgggatt acaggcgtaa gccaccactc ctggccaggc 120 actttaaaaa cttctttgtg ccttgatttt ctcttccata aaatccctac tttgtatgtt 180 gtaaggatca gataagactt ctaaagaact tcatccttgt ttaaatgttt tgatgttaca 240 ttttctttta cttttttttt tttttttgag acggagtttc actcttgttg cccaggctgg 300 agtgcaatgg cgcaatcttg gctcactgca accccacctc ccgcgttcaa gcagttctca 360 tacctcagcc tgccgacctc agcctcttga gtagctggga ctacaggcat gtgctaacac 420 acccggctaa ttttgtattt ttagtagaga cggggtttct ccatgttggt caggctggtc 480 tcgaactccc gacctcaggt gatccacctg cctcagcctc ccaaagtgct gggattacag 540 gcatgagcca ccgagcccgg cccgctgtta aatattctaa tctggctgga gtggtggctc 600 atgtctacaa tcccagcact ttggaaggtt gaggcaggag gatcacttga ggccaggagg 660 atcacttgag accagcctgg acaacatagt gagaccccat ttctacaaaa aattaaaaag 720 ataaataaaa atgaacactt tttttttttt tttgagatgg agtctcgctc tgtcacccag 780 gctggagtgc agtggtgcaa tctcggctca ctgcaacctc cacctcccgg gttcaagcta 840 ttcttctgcc ttagcctccc gagtagctgg gactacaggc gccctccact atgcctggct 900 aatttttagt atttttagta gagacagagt ttcaccgtgt tagccaggat ggtctcgatc 960 tcctgacctt atgatctgcc ttccttggcc tcccaaagtg ctgggattac aggcgtgacc 1020 caccgcaccc agccaaaaat aaatacattt tctaatttgg cctcaacatc tcccccaagc 1080 tgcttcttat ccatgtccat ttctcgggga ctgccccttc atcccagagc cctaggcccg 1140 ttcttagaca gctcccgcct ttccctcaaa ccgtcggtct cacggctgct tctcctggcc 1200 ttttgagtgt ctcatccatt ggcctcgccc tctcctcccc aacctctccc atctgtgccc 1260 tgtcctggac tctttccctg gcttggggct tccactctta cccgctccaa cctatccctt 1320 ttcatacagt aactttctga cactcatatc tgaccctgcc ctcccctgct caaagccctt 1380 ctgtggctcc ccagtgccct cagaacagaa tccaaactcc ttagcctggc attcagggcc 1440 ttttacaacc tcaccccaca gtagccacag actgggacag gagttttctg aacacagaca 1500 cacacacatc acatctccca agctcaagaa gcccaccttt cctcactcct gccttatccc 1560 cattcctgta tgcccaaggc ccacgattag acccccctct gtcaacactt cacctgtttg 1620 gtctttgcaa gattccgcca ctgggcgggg gagggggccc agcctggtac cccaccccca 1680 ctccagccag ggctcaggtc tccaacaaca gaaccagagc cactcaacag cgctggaacc 1740 cattcggtgg ggcctggggc ccctcatccc aagccaggag ggtttctggg gaggggtgca 1800 gcccctggca gactgacagt gtggcctggg ggtttggggg tgccagggaa gcaggggcca 1860 acctcatagg aggagacacg agtgcggttc tctttccccc actggggggc ctgctgtgtc 1920 agcagccagg cgggaggcct gggcggcaga gccagtggta caggggcctg ggcagggcgg 1980 tgtctggcag cagcggcacc atgtccacca tccagtcgga gactgactgc tacgacatca 2040 tcgaggtctt gggcaagggg accttcgggg aggtagccaa gggctggcgg cggagcacgg 2100 gcgagatggt ggccatcaag atcctcaaga atgacgccta ccgcaaccgc atcatcaaga 2160 acgagctgaa gctgctgcac tgcatgcgag gcctagaccc tgaagaggcc cacgtcatcc 2220 gcttccttga gttcttccat gacgccctca agttctacct ggtctttgag ctgctggagc 2280 aaaacctttt cgagttccag aaggagaaca acttcgcgcc cctccccgcc cgccacatcc 2340 gtacagtcac cctgcaggtg ctcacagccc tggcccggct caaggagctg gctatcatcc 2400 acgctgatct caagcctgag aacatcatgc tggtggacca gacccgctgc cccttcaggg 2460 tcaaggtgag taggggtcgt ctagggtggc tgcgtcccta gttccttgtc tttttcccag 2520 cttcttccag ccctagattt tttttttaat tttttaaaat tattattatt attatttttg 2580 agacggagtt tcattctgtt acccaggctt gagtgcagtg gcgcaatctc agctcactgc 2640 aactccgcct cctgggttca agtgattatc ctgcctcagc ctcccgagtt gctgggatta 2700 cagggatgcg ccaccacgcc cagctaattt tttttttgta cttatcagag acggggtgat 2760 gatggcatga tcttggttca ctgcctccgc ctcccgggtt caagcgattc tcctgcctca 2820 gcctcctgag tagctgggaa tacaggtgcc cgccacccat gcccggctaa tttttgtatt 2880 tttagtagag atggggtttc gccatgttgg ccaggctggt ctcaaactcc tgaccttgtg 2940 atccacctgc ctcagcctcc caaagtgctg ggattacagg cgtgagccac cacgcccagc 3000 caatttttgt gttttttggt agaaacagga tttcatcatg ttgcccaggc tggtctcaaa 3060 gtcctgagtt caagcaatct gcccaccttg gcctcaacaa agtgctggaa ttacaagtgt 3120 gagccaccat gcccagtcct ctgtctgctt ttgagtttga tactgtctgg atgcttctga 3180 accaggggca ccctgagggc aaggctgggg ctgacttaat catcgctgtg tccctgacat 3240 ctcccagcac tgcagtcatg gagccagtgc taaatgaatg cttgccagag acacagagac 3300 agaaaaaggt ggattattct gccccaagag gtggaaggac agagacccag ggaagcaggg 3360 acttccacaa acacagcagg ggacagacag gacggatcca cagcacctgg ccggcattat 3420 cacccccact gtctctgtgg aaggaatgaa ttcattccac aaacatagac taagtgccca 3480 gggtcactca gcctcttggg tactgaagcc ctggcactct gggatcagaa tagcaattaa 3540 taaccatttc atgatactgc tttctgcaag tgaaaggtga gggatggcca ggtgcggtgg 3600 ctcacgcctg taatcccagc actttgggag gccgaggcgg gtggatcacc tgaggtcagg 3660 agttcaagac cagcctgacc aatatggtga aacctcgtct ctgctaaaag tataaaaatt 3720 agccgggtgt ggtggcgggc acctgtaatc ctagctactc cagaggctga agcagataaa 3780 tcgcttagaa cccgggaggc agaggttgca gtgagctgag attacgccac tgcactccag 3840 cctgggcgac agaggaagtc cctctgtctc agaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa ctaaactaaa 3900 attagctagg cgtggtggca catacctgga atcccagtta gttggggggc agaggcagga 3960 gactcacttg aacttgggag gcagaggttt tgcagtgagc tgagatcacg ccactgcact 4020 ccagcctggg cgacagagct cgactctgtc tcaacacaaa acaaaaacaa aaaactgaga 4080 aatggctgaa tgaaaagcag aaaaactcag agaaggaaac aggctggcca ggtgtggtgg 4140 cccaagcctg taatcccagc actttgggag gctgaggcag gtggatcacc tgaggtcaga 4200 agctcaagac cagcctggcc aacatggtga aatcctgtct ctattaaaaa tacaaaactt 4260 agccagatgt ggtggggtgc acctgtaatc ccagctactt gggaggctga tgcaggagaa 4320 tcgcttgaac ccatatgggg gcggaggttg cagtgagccg agatcatgcc gctgcactcc 4380 agcttggaca aaagagtgaa gccacctgaa aaagaaaaag aaaaagaaac aggccaagag 4440 agagtcacgg agattcaggg tgaaaatggc agacagctcc accagaggca tggggagaga 4500 caaaggcttt cggccattcg caatgttggt tccgcagctg ttggccaagc acctgtcatg 4560 tgtcaaaggc ctgtgacgag tgtgaacagt gcctgaagag gaagacagaa gaggaccggg 4620 acttcaggga ggtgtcttcc tagtggacga cacagagaca gagatggaaa gagagagaga 4680 gacactgaga gacaagagac aggcaagtga tggagaggca gttgcaaaga aagaacgaga 4740 ggtacaaatg gccaggcaca gtggctcatg cctagaatct caggactttg ggaggccgag 4800 gtgggaggat tactagagcc caggagttca agaccagcct gggtaacatg gtgaaaaccc 4860 atctctacta aaaatacaaa aattagccgg gcatggtggc atgtgactgt agtcccagct 4920 acttgggagg ctgaggcagg agaatcgctt gaacgtggaa ggtggaggtt gccttgagcc 4980 gagattgcgc cactgcattc cagcctgggt gacagggtga gccactgtct caaatgagag 5040 acagagagag agagatacaa gcaagagatg gaaagagaat gaaggaactc aaagcccata 5100 catacattca ttcattcact cattatttac tgagcccctg ctgtgtgcca agccctgttc 5160 taggcatcta gggatacagt attgaacaaa atggataaat tctttgccct cgtgggactg 5220 acatcctcgc tggggagaga aatgctgaga gaggccaggt gcagggcctc atgcctataa 5280 tcccagcatg ttgggaggct gaggcaggag gatcacttga gcccaggagc catcctgggc 5340 aacatagtga gacccatctc tatctctaca aaaagttaaa aaattagctg ggtatggagg 5400 tgcatgcctg tggtcccagc tactcaggag gctgaggcgg gaggatcttg tgagccctgg 5460 agttcgcggc tacagtgagc tacgatggtg ccactgtact ccagcctggg tgatagagca 5520 agaccctgtc tctaaaaagg aaaaaagggc tgggcgccgt ggctcacgcc tgtaatccca 5580 acactttggg aggctgaggc gggcagatca tctgagtcag gagtttgaga ccagcctggc 5640 taacatggtg aaaccccgcc tgtctctacc aaaaatgcaa aagattagcg cttgtaatcc 5700 cagctactca ggaggctgag gcaggagaat cacttgaatc cagtaggtgg aggttgcagt 5760 gagccaagat cacaccactg ctctccagcc tggccaacag agcgagactc cgtcacaaaa 5820 aaataaataa ttaaaaaata aaattaaaat aaaaaattaa gagatatagt gtgtgaaatg 5880 gcattaagag caatggtgga cctgggtgcg gtggctcacg cctgtcctag cactttggga 5940 ggccgaggcg agtggatcac ctgcggtcag gagttcgaga ccagcctggc catcatcgtg 6000 aaaccccgtc tctactaaaa atataaaaat tagctgcgca tggtggtgtg cacctgtaat 6060 cccagctact tgggaggctg aagcaggaga atcactggaa cctgggagga ggaggttgca 6120 gtgagccaag attgcaccat tgcactccag cctgggtgac aagagcaaaa ctctgtctca 6180 aaaacctccg actcaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa gaaaagaaaa gaaaaagaaa 6240 aacaggggcc tggccgggga tagaaaggat ggggactgat ggctgatgct ttcacagaat 6300 gattagggaa ggtctcactg agaaggtgat catttttttt tgtcctgcct ttcacctttt 6360 gatagaaagg tgacatttga gtaaagacct gaaggaggtg aggcagggag ccctgtgctc 6420 atgcagggaa gagcattcca ggcagaggga acagcgagtg caaaagccct gagctgggaa 6480 tgtctgactt gttcaaggaa tagtgaggag acccttgtgg ctggaggagg gtgagtgatg 6540 gggagagtgg gagatgtggc agagaggtga cagagcagac attggagacc tgtgggccac 6600 ggtgaggact ttggcttttg tcacaggatg tggctatgag caggggagga cccaatctat 6660 cccgggcggc cacaggatcc ctctggatgc ttgtgacaga cagactaggg ggcagaggag 6720 aggagcaggg agaccagcga ggagaccccc gcgttggtct aggttggaaa ggatgcagga 6780 taggaccagg gtcggggctg tggatggcat gcagagggag cagattctag atctgttggc 6840 tgatggacaa ggtgtggggt gcaagaggaa gagtagggtc ctaaccctcc tttgcatagt 6900 tctagtggag agaaacagag acagagtcag tcactcgaac cagacacaaa ggctggaaga 6960 gacagagata gggacttaac aactacggcc acagctgggt gcggtggctc atgcctgtaa 7020 ttccagcact tagggaggct gaggagggca gatcatctga ggtcaggagt ttaagaccag 7080 cctggccaac agggtgaaac cccgtctcta ctaaaaatac aaaaattagc agggcatggt 7140 ggtgtgcacc tgtagaccca gctattcagg agactgaggc tggagaatca cttgaaccca 7200 ggaggcagag gttgcaatga gccaagattg cgccactgca ctttagcctg ggcgacagag 7260 tgagactcgg tctcaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa ccaacaaagg ctgggtgcgg tggctcacgc 7320 ctgtaatccc agcactttgg gaggccgagg cgggtgggtc acatgaggtc aggagttcga 7380 gaccagcctg gccaacatag tgaaacccca tctctactaa aaatacaaaa aattagccgg 7440 gtgtggtggt gggcgcctgc aatcccagct actcaggagg ctaaggcagg agaatcgctt 7500 gaaccgggga ggtggaggtt gcagtgtgct gagatcgtgc cattgcactc cagactgggc 7560 aacaagagtg agactctgtc tcaaacaaac aaacaaacaa acaaacaaaa accaacaaag 7620 caactaaaga atcacagacc cagagatggc cagagtcaaa tagcagatgc aggaagatgc 7680 caggtgaaag atgccggggt ggcccagctc ggctgtccct gctgcttgac ctgcccactc 7740 gccctcttcc ccacccccga caggtgattg acttcggatc cgccagcatt ttcagcgagg 7800 tgcgctacgt gaaggagcca tacatccagt cgcgcttcta ccgggcccct gagatcctgc 7860 tggggctgcc cttctgcgag aaggtggacg tgtggtccct gggctgcgtc atggctgagc 7920 tgcacctggg ctggcctctc taccccggca acaacgagta cgaccaggtg cgctacatct 7980 gcgaaaccca gggcctgccc aagccacacc tgttgcacgc cgcctgcaag gcccaccact 8040 tcttcaagcg caacccccac cctgacgctg ccaacccctg gcagctcaag tcctcggctg 8100 actacctggc cgagacgaag gtaagggaaa agttgggtga gggcagtcag tgtgggggct 8160 gttacatgaa aaaaaattct agggtgggca acgtggctca cacctgtaat tccagcactt 8220 tgggaggctg tggtgggagg atcccttgag cctaggggtt tgagaccagc ctggggaaca 8280 tagtgagacc tcctctttat aaaacatgga aaaaaaaatc agctgggcac ggtggtatgg 8340 gcctattgtc ccagatacat gggaggctga ggcaggagaa ttccttgagc ctgggaggtc 8400 caggctacag tgaactatga tcatgccact acacttgagc ctgggtgaca gagcaagact 8460 ctgtttcaaa aagaaaaatc tatcagacca gaagaatgga gtgaaaagaa caaaaaacag 8520 aggctgggtg tggtggctta cgcctgtaat cccagcactt tgggagtccg aggtgggtgg 8580 atcacgaggt caggagttta agaccagcct ggccaagatg atgaaaccca gtctctacta 8640 aaaacacaaa aaattagctg ggcgcagtgg cagacgcctg taattccagc tactcggcgg 8700 gctgaggcag gagaatcgct tgaacccaga gggcggaggt tgcagtgagc cgagatccca 8760 ccactgcact ccagcctggg caacagagtg agactccgtc tcaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 8820 gaaagaaaag aaaaatattt ttttcttttt tttttaagac ggagtcttga tctgttgctc 8880 aggctggagt gcagtggtgc ggtctcagct cactgcaacc tctgcctccc aggttcaaga 8940 gattctcctg cctcagcctc ctgagtagct gggcttacag gcacccacca tcacacccgg 9000 caattttttt gtatttttac tagagacggg gttttaccat gttggccagg ctggtctcag 9060 acacccgacc tcgtgatcca cccacctcga cctcccaaag cagtgagatt acaggcatga 9120 gccaccgcgc tcggccaaaa aaatattttt ttaataattg aaaaaaaaaa tttctgggct 9180 aaacctcaat gaggactgga acttgggggt cagcctaggg cattttcaca gcaagaaaga 9240 gctgcatgag atcaaatgtg ggactggtca gcaactgcag caagatagat ctgggggaga 9300 aactgcaggg agaattagat gtttggaagt cagatgtggg ggctgctcta gcaagagaga 9360 tctgggtcat actataagtg tgacaggacg attggggcag cttctctgcc agcttcagct 9420 ccggggtcag caacttgtgt ggcaagaggg attagaccac agagaatata tgaggtctga 9480 gattggctat gagaattgcg agagaggcca ggtgcagtgg cttatgcctg tagtccacgc 9540 actttggtgg gggccaaggc aggaggatca cttgaagtca ttgtgggcga catagcaaga 9600 ctgtgtctct agaaaaaatt ttttttaaaa tttagccagg catggtggca cacaccggta 9660 gttccaagct acttgggagg ctgaggtggg aagatcactt gaacccagga gttggcagtt 9720 gcagtgagct atgattgcac cactacaccc cagtctgggc gacacagcaa gaccctgttt 9780 aaaaaaaagg atctaaggcc aggcacagtg gctcacacct gtaatcccag cactttggga 9840 ggccgaggtg ggtggatcac ctgaggtcag gagttcgaga acagcctggc caacatggtg 9900 aaaccccatc tctactaaaa atacaaaaat tagctgggca tggtggtgga cacctgtaat 9960 tccagctgct caggaggctg aggcaggaga atcgcttgaa cctgggaggt ggaggttgca 10020 gtgagccgag attgtaccac tgcactccag cctgggcaac aagagtgaaa ctctgtctca 10080 cacacataca aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaagg gatctgagtg agacctcagg 10140 tgagtctaga ggtttggggc agcagccagt ctgctacctc tgtggctttg cccctcccat 10200 ctgtgcagca agagcctggg ttagacagca gaggggacta ggagtttgag gtcataggtc 10260 ttgatttcac agcaagaagg gtctggatgg gaccacaggt gagactaaaa gtcaatggca 10320 gtttaatagc agggggtgac aaactactat agcaagaagg gtctgggttt gaccaccagg 10380 aggcctggga tcaagtgtgg agctgtggca gtaagaggga cctggatttg attccaggga 10440 ggactagaga ttccgggcag cccttctgct agctgctggt aggggctgca cccatggtgc 10500 tgaaggggac tggaggtctg gggcaagggg tggaacttgg gccagtgatt tgggttcgat 10560 tagaggggct tgggtgtgac ggatccaggg tggccctcct agcagccaga gagctccaag 10620 gcagatcatg ggcagacctg gaagtcgggg ctacatgtgg gtgccacagc aggagtgccc 10680 agggccctag ccctgcacaa tggtcaaccc tgcccccttc tccatgcccc gccaggtgcg 10740 cccattggag cgccgcaagt atatgctcaa gtcgttggac cagattgaga cagtgaatgg 10800 tggcagtgtg gccagtcggc taaccttccc tgaccgggag gcgctggcgg agcacgccga 10860 cctcaagagc atggtggagc tgatcaagcg catgctgacc tgggagtcac acgaacgcat 10920 cagccccagt gctgccctgc gccacccctt cgtgtccatg cagcagctgc gcagtgccca 10980 cgagaccacc cactactacc agctctcgct gcgcagctac cgcctctcgc tgcaagtgga 11040 ggggaagccc cccacgcccg tcgtggccgc agaagatggg accccctact actgtctggc 11100 tgaggagaag gaggctgcgg gtatgggcag tgtggccggc agcagcccct tcttccgaga 11160 ggagaaggca ccaggtatgc aaagagccat cgaccagctg gatgacctga gtctgcagga 11220 ggctgggcat gggctgtggg gtgagacctg caccaatgcg gtctccgaca tgatggtccc 11280 cctcaaggca gccatcactg gccaccatgt gcccgactcg ggccctgagc ccatcctggc 11340 cttctacagc agccgcctgg caggccgcca caaggcccgc aagccacctg cgggttccaa 11400 gtccgactcc aacttcagca acctcattcg gctgagccag gtctcgcctg aggatgacag 11460 gccctgccgg ggcagcagct gggaggaagg agagcatctc ggggcctctg ctgagccact 11520 ggccatcctg cagcgagatg aggatgggcc caacattgac aacatgacca tggaagctga 11580 ggtgagccgg gtgcgttcag gatacgatta gggtgggagg aggctcagca cacactcacc 11640 cgtgctcagg atatgattag tgtgtgagga ggctcaacac acactcaccc atgttcagga 11700 tacaattagg gacttaggag gctcagcaca cacctaatac cgtcaagata tgataaggct 11760 cagcacttac tcagctactt ccaggctgtg acaaaaactc agggcacagt aatctactta 11820 taagaagctt gataaagagc ctgggcaaca tagtgagatc ccgtctgcac caaaaaatta 11880 gaaatattag ctggttttgg tggcatgcac ctgtagtccc agctactcag gaggctgagg 11940 tgggaggatc acttgagcca gggaggtcga ggctgcagtg agctgtcatc acatcactac 12000 aaaggggcaa taaaggccca gcactggtaa gaccctagca catgctcacc ctcatcagga 12060 ggaggtgaca gaggctcagc agacactaat acactaacac tgcttggctg atgcccctct 12120 ctcttccccc acagaggcca gaccctgagc tcttcgaccc cagcagctgt cctggagaat 12180 ggctgagtga gccagactgc accctggaga gcgtcagggg cccacgggct caggggctcc 12240 caccccgccg ctcccaccag catggtccac cccggggggc caccagcttc ctccagcatg 12300 tcaccgggca ccactgatgg tgattccacc cctgcccatc actgggggct gcgctagctg 12360 ggctggcatt ccctcccaac ctgaactgct cctcagagcc atctcctgaa cccacaaatt 12420 attcttacag aaagatagtt atccagaaat tctcattccc cgtctgcggt gcggtgcgtg 12480 cctgcacacc tctcctaaac acagcagggc tttggagtct ggcccatgct ccttggccag 12540 aaggacagca ggaaaggggg ctgcaccccg ctggccctgc gctcgccctt ggccctgctg 12600 cctctgtcta tttcaatata gaactgttca gcagtcctgc ttcaagcctg ctctcactgc 12660 ctggggcttg gactggccct ggggggaatg ggggctccag gctggcaccc agtgacttgc 12720 tctgcgatgc tgggcccagc tgaccactgg cttaggcggg agcctgggct gctgtcacac 12780 taggagggaa aagctgtgct tggttgacta acccttgtcc taaatacgct atgtgcttgg 12840 cgtgttggga atccaccctc agaacatgct gtgttcagta tgtgttaatc aagtttgccg 12900 gatgctgggg tctccttgtc tgttgacctg tccttcctac atgtttacag ggttggcatg 12960 cactcaccca catttgggac gtgctgggtg taaatccact tggcaggcct aaattcacac 13020 ttggtgcaca ctctggtgct cagccatgct tgttcaccct tgggatgtgg caatggtttg 13080 gtccctgctg atcaatctgg gaacatgctt ctctgcagca catacccatg ctggctacat 13140 gagtgctaag tccatgccgg gccacagggt ggcacgctgc atgctcagca caggtcagcc 13200 catgtacact acatgttaag ggctcagcac atgccaaccc atgccagcac atgctgaggg 13260 ctcagtacat gctaacccac actggtcaca cactgagggc tcagcacatg ccagtgacat 13320 gttgagggct cagcacaaaa agatgtcccc accagaggcc catgccagct gtcccctacc 13380 cctgcacccc atctcacacc actcagtcag gcacaggctg tacagacaag ttatttactt 13440 attataaccc tgggcccttt ttgccctgga aagtgggggt gggccagggg gccaggccca 13500 gcatgcaccc ccatttcttt gggggctgat ccctccccca gctctgctgg gtcccggggc 13560 cacagcgtca ggccggtggg ggtggaggta gaggtgggag agcaggggag agagcctgag 13620 gagccacaat ggggcagaca gaagcggggg cgcggggaca gggaccgtga cccagagcac 13680 ctgggtccgc gggggcccag caggccttgg cctgcccact ggatcgggcc tcagagcagg 13740 cggcaggcgt tgcccacgct gtcagctgag gtgtcaaggt catggctgta aggggagtcc 13800 cagtccctca ggaaaatggc ctccagctgg ctccgcaggc cgcccctccc attctgcgtc 13860 accagcagcg aggtgcccgc cgtctccgtg aagtagttgc cagaccagtt ggaggttcct 13920 agagaggaat gggtggagca taagggcacc ctcggggggc cgcccctggt gtctgaaccc 13980 cctcttcttc agcgccccgt ggtgctcaag acactcaccg atgtaggtgg cgcgttcagt 14040 caccatgtac ttgttgtggt tgacacgggc atatgggatt cgagcctggg cctcatccgc 14100 ggggaccaca aagagtttct gagtgggagg ggaggatggg aaggagtgtg agaggcaggg 14160 ggagtcggag gagccccggg atcagggagc agagtgtgga gcgagatctg tgggactcca 14220 ctgcttccca cagaatcctc gggggccaga acagggccag gtggaggggc cctctgagaa 14280 cgaaagctga aagggaggcc ccggtggtct catttgc 14317 4 1851 DNA Mus musculus CDS (1)..(1848) 4 atg gcc acc atc cag tca gag act gac tgc tac gac atc att gaa gtt 48 Met Ala Thr Ile Gln Ser Glu Thr Asp Cys Tyr Asp Ile Ile Glu Val 1 5 10 15 ctg ggc aag ggc act ttt gga gag gtg gcc aag ggc tgg cgt cgg agt 96 Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Lys Gly Trp Arg Arg Ser 20 25 30 aca ggt gaa atg gtg gcc atc aag atc ctg aag aac gat gcg tac cga 144 Thr Gly Glu Met Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn Asp Ala Tyr Arg 35 40 45 agc cgc atc atc aag aat gag ctg aag ctg ctg cgc tgc gtg cga ggc 192 Ser Arg Ile Ile Lys Asn Glu Leu Lys Leu Leu Arg Cys Val Arg Gly 50 55 60 ctg gac cct gac gag gcc cac gtt atc cgc ttc ctt gag ttc ttc cac 240 Leu Asp Pro Asp Glu Ala His Val Ile Arg Phe Leu Glu Phe Phe His 65 70 75 80 gat gcc ctc aag ttc tac ctg gtc ttc gag ctt ttg gag caa aac ctc 288 Asp Ala Leu Lys Phe Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Leu Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu 85 90 95 ttt gag ttc cag aaa gag aac aac ttc gca ccc ctt cct gcc agg cac 336 Phe Glu Phe Gln Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Arg His 100 105 110 atc cgc acg gtc aca ctg cag gta cta aga gcg ctg gcc cgg ctc aag 384 Ile Arg Thr Val Thr Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Ala Leu Ala Arg Leu Lys 115 120 125 gaa ctg gcc atc atc cac gct gac ctc aag cct gaa aac att atg ttg 432 Glu Leu Ala Ile Ile His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu 130 135 140 gta gac cag acg cgc tgc ccc ttc agg gtc aag gtg atc gac ttt ggc 480 Val Asp Gln Thr Arg Cys Pro Phe Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly 145 150 155 160 tcg gcc agc ata ttc agt gag gta cgc tat gtg aag gag cct tac atc 528 Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Tyr Val Lys Glu Pro Tyr Ile 165 170 175 cag tcc cgc ttc tac agg gcc cca gag atc ctg ctg ggg ctg ccc ttc 576 Gln Ser Arg Phe Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 tgt gag aag gtg gac gtg tgg tct ctg ggc tgt gtc atg gcc gag cta 624 Cys Glu Lys Val Asp Val Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Met Ala Glu Leu 195 200 205 cat ctg ggc tgg cct ctc tac cca ggc aac aat gag tat gac cag gtg 672 His Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Pro Gly Asn Asn Glu Tyr Asp Gln Val 210 215 220 cgc tac atc tgt gag acc cag ggc tta ccc aag ccc cat ttg ctg cat 720 Arg Tyr Ile Cys Glu Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Lys Pro His Leu Leu His 225 230 235 240 gcg gct cgc aag gct cac cac ttc ttc aag cgt aac ccc cac ccc gat 768 Ala Ala Arg Lys Ala His His Phe Phe Lys Arg Asn Pro His Pro Asp 245 250 255 gcc acc aac ccc tgg cag ctg aag tcc tct gct gac tac cta gct gag 816 Ala Thr Asn Pro Trp Gln Leu Lys Ser Ser Ala Asp Tyr Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 acc aag gta cgt cct ctg gag cgc cgc aag tac atg ctc aaa tcc ttg 864 Thr Lys Val Arg Pro Leu Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Met Leu Lys Ser Leu 275 280 285 gac cag att gag aca gtg aat ggt ggt gga gct gtg agc cgg ctg agt 912 Asp Gln Ile Glu Thr Val Asn Gly Gly Gly Ala Val Ser Arg Leu Ser 290 295 300 ttt cca gac cgg gag gcc ctg gcg gaa cac gca gac ctc aag agc atg 960 Phe Pro Asp Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu His Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Met 305 310 315 320 gtg gag ctg atc aaa cgc atg ctg aca tgg gag tcg cac gaa cgc atc 1008 Val Glu Leu Ile Lys Arg Met Leu Thr Trp Glu Ser His Glu Arg Ile 325 330 335 agt ccc agt gcg gcc ctg cgt cac ccc ttc gtg tcc atg cag cag ctg 1056 Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala Leu Arg His Pro Phe Val Ser Met Gln Gln Leu 340 345 350 cgg agt gcc cac gag gcc acc cgc tac tac cag ctg tcg ctc aga ggc 1104 Arg Ser Ala His Glu Ala Thr Arg Tyr Tyr Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Gly 355 360 365 tgt cgg ctg tcc ctg cag gtg gat ggc aag cca ccc cca cct gtc ata 1152 Cys Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Val Asp Gly Lys Pro Pro Pro Pro Val Ile 370 375 380 gcc agc gca gag gac ggg cct ccc tac tac cgc ctg gct gag gag gag 1200 Ala Ser Ala Glu Asp Gly Pro Pro Tyr Tyr Arg Leu Ala Glu Glu Glu 385 390 395 400 gag act gca ggc ctg ggt ggt gtg aca ggc agt ggg tcc ttc ttc agg 1248 Glu Thr Ala Gly Leu Gly Gly Val Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Phe Phe Arg 405 410 415 gag gac aag gct ccg gga atg cag agg gcc atc gac cag ctc gat gac 1296 Glu Asp Lys Ala Pro Gly Met Gln Arg Ala Ile Asp Gln Leu Asp Asp 420 425 430 ctg agt ctg caa gag gcc aga cgg ggg ctg tgg agc gac aca cgg gcc 1344 Leu Ser Leu Gln Glu Ala Arg Arg Gly Leu Trp Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala 435 440 445 gac atg gtc tct gac atg ctg gtt cca ctc aaa gtg gcc agt acc agc 1392 Asp Met Val Ser Asp Met Leu Val Pro Leu Lys Val Ala Ser Thr Ser 450 455 460 cac cga gtc cct gac tca ggc cca gag cct atc ctg gcc ttc tac ggc 1440 His Arg Val Pro Asp Ser Gly Pro Glu Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Tyr Gly 465 470 475 480 agc cga ttg acc ggc cgc cat aag gcc cgc aag gcc cca gca ggc tcc 1488 Ser Arg Leu Thr Gly Arg His Lys Ala Arg Lys Ala Pro Ala Gly Ser 485 490 495 aaa tct gac tcc aac ttc agt aac ctc att cgg ctg agc cag gcc tca 1536 Lys Ser Asp Ser Asn Phe Ser Asn Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser Gln Ala Ser 500 505 510 cct gag gat gcc ggg ccc tgt cgg ggc agt ggc tgg gag gaa gga gaa 1584 Pro Glu Asp Ala Gly Pro Cys Arg Gly Ser Gly Trp Glu Glu Gly Glu 515 520 525 ggc cgc acg acc tcc aca gag ccg tct gtc atc cca caa cgg gaa gga 1632 Gly Arg Thr Thr Ser Thr Glu Pro Ser Val Ile Pro Gln Arg Glu Gly 530 535 540 gat ggg cct ggc atc aaa gac agg ccc atg gat gcc gag agg cca ggc 1680 Asp Gly Pro Gly Ile Lys Asp Arg Pro Met Asp Ala Glu Arg Pro Gly 545 550 555 560 cct gag ctc ttt gat ccc agc agc tgt cct gga gag tgg ctg agt gag 1728 Pro Glu Leu Phe Asp Pro Ser Ser Cys Pro Gly Glu Trp Leu Ser Glu 565 570 575 cca gaa tgg acc cta gag ggc atc cgg ggg tct cga gct caa ggg ctc 1776 Pro Glu Trp Thr Leu Glu Gly Ile Arg Gly Ser Arg Ala Gln Gly Leu 580 585 590 cca gct cac cat ccc cac ccc cac ggg cca ccc agg acc acc agc ttt 1824 Pro Ala His His Pro His Pro His Gly Pro Pro Arg Thr Thr Ser Phe 595 600 605 ctg cag cat gtt gga ggg cac cac tga 1851 Leu Gln His Val Gly Gly His His 610 615 5 616 PRT Mus musculus 5 Met Ala Thr Ile Gln Ser Glu Thr Asp Cys Tyr Asp Ile Ile Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Lys Gly Trp Arg Arg Ser 20 25 30 Thr Gly Glu Met Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn Asp Ala Tyr Arg 35 40 45 Ser Arg Ile Ile Lys Asn Glu Leu Lys Leu Leu Arg Cys Val Arg Gly 50 55 60 Leu Asp Pro Asp Glu Ala His Val Ile Arg Phe Leu Glu Phe Phe His 65 70 75 80 Asp Ala Leu Lys Phe Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Leu Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu 85 90 95 Phe Glu Phe Gln Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Arg His 100 105 110 Ile Arg Thr Val Thr Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Ala Leu Ala Arg Leu Lys 115 120 125 Glu Leu Ala Ile Ile His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu 130 135 140 Val Asp Gln Thr Arg Cys Pro Phe Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly 145 150 155 160 Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Tyr Val Lys Glu Pro Tyr Ile 165 170 175 Gln Ser Arg Phe Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 Cys Glu Lys Val Asp Val Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Met Ala Glu Leu 195 200 205 His Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Pro Gly Asn Asn Glu Tyr Asp Gln Val 210 215 220 Arg Tyr Ile Cys Glu Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Lys Pro His Leu Leu His 225 230 235 240 Ala Ala Arg Lys Ala His His Phe Phe Lys Arg Asn Pro His Pro Asp 245 250 255 Ala Thr Asn Pro Trp Gln Leu Lys Ser Ser Ala Asp Tyr Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 Thr Lys Val Arg Pro Leu Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Met Leu Lys Ser Leu 275 280 285 Asp Gln Ile Glu Thr Val Asn Gly Gly Gly Ala Val Ser Arg Leu Ser 290 295 300 Phe Pro Asp Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu His Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Met 305 310 315 320 Val Glu Leu Ile Lys Arg Met Leu Thr Trp Glu Ser His Glu Arg Ile 325 330 335 Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala Leu Arg His Pro Phe Val Ser Met Gln Gln Leu 340 345 350 Arg Ser Ala His Glu Ala Thr Arg Tyr Tyr Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Gly 355 360 365 Cys Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Val Asp Gly Lys Pro Pro Pro Pro Val Ile 370 375 380 Ala Ser Ala Glu Asp Gly Pro Pro Tyr Tyr Arg Leu Ala Glu Glu Glu 385 390 395 400 Glu Thr Ala Gly Leu Gly Gly Val Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Phe Phe Arg 405 410 415 Glu Asp Lys Ala Pro Gly Met Gln Arg Ala Ile Asp Gln Leu Asp Asp 420 425 430 Leu Ser Leu Gln Glu Ala Arg Arg Gly Leu Trp Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala 435 440 445 Asp Met Val Ser Asp Met Leu Val Pro Leu Lys Val Ala Ser Thr Ser 450 455 460 His Arg Val Pro Asp Ser Gly Pro Glu Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Tyr Gly 465 470 475 480 Ser Arg Leu Thr Gly Arg His Lys Ala Arg Lys Ala Pro Ala Gly Ser 485 490 495 Lys Ser Asp Ser Asn Phe Ser Asn Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser Gln Ala Ser 500 505 510 Pro Glu Asp Ala Gly Pro Cys Arg Gly Ser Gly Trp Glu Glu Gly Glu 515 520 525 Gly Arg Thr Thr Ser Thr Glu Pro Ser Val Ile Pro Gln Arg Glu Gly 530 535 540 Asp Gly Pro Gly Ile Lys Asp Arg Pro Met Asp Ala Glu Arg Pro Gly 545 550 555 560 Pro Glu Leu Phe Asp Pro Ser Ser Cys Pro Gly Glu Trp Leu Ser Glu 565 570 575 Pro Glu Trp Thr Leu Glu Gly Ile Arg Gly Ser Arg Ala Gln Gly Leu 580 585 590 Pro Ala His His Pro His Pro His Gly Pro Pro Arg Thr Thr Ser Phe 595 600 605 Leu Gln His Val Gly Gly His His 610 615 6 11351 DNA Mus musculus 6 ttcttcccct ctgatttctc accaaaatgt caagcttctt cttattttat ttttattctt 60 tatttattgg tttttcaaga gagggctttt cagccttgga tgtcctggaa ctcagtagac 120 ccgactggcc ttgaactcac agagatctac ctgcatcccc ctccggagtg ctgggattaa 180 gagcatgtgc cacaactgcc tggcaagcag cctcatcttc tatggtttcc atacttcaga 240 gctgacagat ctccattcct ggggggtggg gggaggagct tctggggatg cctccataca 300 ccatatacgc catatacacc atatatacca tatacatcat atataccata taaaacatat 360 acaccatata ctggagctgt gggtatggca gttcccatcc tgtctctggc tcccaaatga 420 ctgacttaag cataagtgct ctaaaaaact ttttgttccc tgctaggcag tgcttgtgct 480 ctcctttaat cccagcactc tttaattcca gcagttagga ggcggaggca aggcagatct 540 ctgtgagttc gaggccagcc tgatctacag agttccaaga gagccaaggc tacacagaga 600 aaccttgtct gggggggggg ggggaaccaa aagagcattt attgcttttt cagaggatct 660 gggttggatt cccagagccc accttgaagc tcacaaccat ctgtaactct agtcacagcg 720 gatatatata tatatatatt tatagcctgg gaatggggca gtaagcggga tgtgaagtga 780 ataattaatt aattaattag ggggctggag agatgactca gcaggtaaga gcagtggctg 840 ctcttccaca ggtcctgagt tcaattccca gcaaccacat ggtggctcac aaccatctgt 900 aatgggattc tatgcccttt tctggtgtgt ctgaagacag ctgacatgca gtcatataaa 960 tagaataaat aaatctaaaa aaaaacccaa aacaaaacca tatattaaat agaaaaacgt 1020 atggaagaga aaaaacaaga caaggagaaa tgccttttgt ttaacatcca tttcctgaac 1080 ctaatctcag tgtcttctcc cagctattgt cccttgtcca tgtcaccttc tcagggactg 1140 tcctacacct tgtcgtagat ggtttcttcc ctccctgatc ttctcaggac ctcagcctac 1200 cctcttgcct tatggagggt ctcacccagt cagggcctga acccctcacc agcctcatct 1260 gcctgggtcc tgccttagcc tccttgctgg ggtctggagc ctccatcctt gccttctaca 1320 gtttgccttt cttcatgtct gactgagtgg tcgttccctt acctgaagcc ctcatggctc 1380 cccagtgtct ggttcaaacg tttttagcct gcattcagtg cctttcacaa cctggatctt 1440 actttatcta catatcccct ccatgcttca cacacacaca cccacacaca cacacacaca 1500 cacacacaca cacagactct ctaactttct tcactctcat atgcctgtag gtatgtccca 1560 cttctgaact cccaaggtca accattaaaa tctcactcag tccaccctgt ccgtgcttct 1620 ccaggattcc ggtcagcggg tgggggaggg gtcccagcct ggtaccccac cccctccatt 1680 ccagcctggg actcaggtct ctaacaacag aatcaaagcc acttagcaac gctggaaccc 1740 attcaggggg gcctgagccc cctcatccca agccaagagg gctttggggg aggggtgcag 1800 cccctggtag actcactgtg tggccaaggg ggtcaagggg cgtcagggag acaggggctg 1860 aactcatata aggagagaca cgagtgtggt tatcttcccc ctgctaggag gactagctag 1920 gggccatcat cagggtggga ggtctaggca accaagccag ttgttgtaaa ggcagagtag 1980 tgactggcag ccaaggtacc atggccacca tccagtcaga gactgactgc tacgacatca 2040 ttgaagttct gggcaagggc acttttggag aggtggccaa gggctggcgt cggagtacag 2100 gtgaaatggt ggccatcaag atcctgaaga acgatgcgta ccgaagccgc atcatcaaga 2160 atgagctgaa gctgctgcgc tgcgtgcgag gcctggaccc tgacgaggcc cacgttatcc 2220 gcttccttga gttcttccac gatgccctca agttctacct ggtcttcgag cttttggagc 2280 aaaacctctt tgagttccag aaagagaaca acttcgcacc ccttcctgcc aggcacatcc 2340 gcacggtcac actgcaggta ctaagagcgc tggcccggct caaggaactg gccatcatcc 2400 acgctgacct caagcctgaa aacattatgt tggtagacca gacccgctgc cccttcaggg 2460 tcaaggtgag tgaggctgcc tgggaaatgg ctttgcttag ttcttggatg ctctgctaac 2520 acatgggtct ccctagtcag ttccgtgacg cagctccggg tgtccctgaa ccccaagctg 2580 cccctccttg ctgctctctg gctgtcttct gtatcccatc ccaattcttg ctttgttttg 2640 ttttgttttc gagacagagt cgatgtggca caggctggcc ttgaactcac tgtgtagctg 2700 aggacgactt gaactcatgg cctatctgcc ctccctgcct ccacgaccta agtgctagtg 2760 gtcacctaag tcaccacagc cagctcgctt tgttgtgttt tgttttttga agacaggatc 2820 tcagggagtc caggctggtc tggaatttga gtgggtttcc cttctcaagt accgggatta 2880 caggcattca ccatcttacc tggcttctcc atctcaactc tgaggtcctt tctatcgaag 2940 actggaggtc ttctgtgcct cccctctagg tcctgagtct gcccaaccct gcccgtttgg 3000 cttacttctt ctggctcagg tctgggcctc gtgggtctgg cattctagtg ggggagatgg 3060 tagcagggta agaagtaaag cgtgttgtgg atgtgagacc agagaaaaca ggagagagag 3120 gctgggaact gctcagacat gggaagtggt agacagggag gtcacacttc aggaggtctt 3180 gaggggaaga gaaggccatg gagaagggat gagtttccag gatgaaggag gagccagcac 3240 aaaggctcga ggtaggagca tgtctaagta ttctagcaac acacagggga gttctgtgca 3300 gttgaagcac aaatgatggg gagcaaagag ggagaaaagg acaccaagga ggtaggggtg 3360 gggttgcaca aatcctcata ggcacagtca agattggttt tgttttggta tgtatatctc 3420 cctccatggt ttcacaatgt atccctggct ggccttgaac ttactatgta gacgaggcag 3480 gcttcaaact catggcagat cctcctgcct ctgcctccca aacaatggac tcaaagttac 3540 acaccaacac gctaggcttg cagacgaatt cagagcagca ggatgggctc tgacttaggg 3600 gctcatcttg gggggaagta ggaccaagaa agcagatggg gtgatccaag aggagtccca 3660 ggtaaaagat gtaactgggg cattcgtgga ttccgggcag attttagagc tagagacaac 3720 agaattagaa ttgattgatg ggtttcacag tgtgagggag aggggctggg gagatgctca 3780 gatagtaatg tccccgctga acaagcatgg aaacctcagt gcagacccct accatcccca 3840 tgaaaagacg gctgtggcag cacacctgta atatcagtgt aggggaggta gagacaggag 3900 gattcctaga gcttgatggc cagccagtct agccaatcag caggctcggg gttccaggag 3960 gggagggatc ttatctcata tataaaagtt agagagcgat agaagacatg cgatgcatgt 4020 gtgatgacac acatgtgcac acgcatacaa acatctacac atacatttag aaaaagaagg 4080 gccagcaaga tggctcagcc agttcaggtg cttgctgcca agcctaagga cttgagtcca 4140 gtagccagaa cccatatggt gggagcagag aactgacttc ctgactctgg aagttgtcct 4200 ctgacctcta cacatatacc actgcatttg catatccctc cccccactaa attcagttta 4260 aaaatgaaaa agtgtgaggg gcagctgggc attgtggcag cctcctatat ttccagcact 4320 gcacaagtgg aggcaggagg attaaaaatt caaggtcatc cttggctgtt aaacaagttc 4380 aaggtcagct tgcactttca aggtctgtct tgcactacct gagacctcat ctttaaagaa 4440 aagatgtgag agaggctgag tgggctcaag ttgagccaga gcctgcggat ctagacaaat 4500 gcaaggtggt tctagcctct gttcctgttc ctgaccctgg gtgggcacct aagctgtccc 4560 ttgttccccc tagatcccac ttctgctgag cctctgtctg ggcctcatca acctactcag 4620 acacccctct tgtgcctcct ccatcagagc tcagactcct ctgcctgctt atctgtcagc 4680 aaggcactgg tgatgactgg gctggcagca gcacccaagg gcagggctgg accaaagctg 4740 cctatactgt gcctctcccc gtgccccact gaatgttaga gacacagaga caggaagaga 4800 tgggtatttc tgccctgttg gatggaagga cagtgagccg agaggaagag agctctgtag 4860 acctaacagg gctcacacag cacctggggg tcgctggcac ccttcaagtg ctttcagaat 4920 gaagggactc cacatacact ggctcaactc tcagtgtcac tgaagtccta gggggcgttg 4980 agtccagact aataactatt tcatgattgg ccttgtgtgc atggaggtaa gaggtgacta 5040 aatggataaa taaatgaata aataaacgca gggaagctgc agcctgccct gagtcacagg 5100 aattcacagt gagactggaa gagcgccacc tggtggcgag aggaaaggca ggcgcctacc 5160 catggcccat ggattaccaa gaagcttggt aattacaagc tgaaggcctt cggggtgttg 5220 tcagtgtctg acggtaaaga tcttagagga cttggtttta ggatggtacc tttccagtcc 5280 atgacacaga aacaaagaca gagacactgg gagatgagga ttagctgaag aggcagtggg 5340 agagagagag agaaagagag agagagagac agagccactg ggtggtggca gcacatgctt 5400 ttaatatcag cacttgggag gtacaggtag aggtggattt ctgagttcta ggccatcctg 5460 gtctacagag tgagtttaag gaccaccagg gttacacaga gaaaccctgt cttgaaaaac 5520 aaatacacac acatacacac acacacacac atacatatac atacatatat atatgagaag 5580 ggagccagac ctggtgaaac atgcctataa tcccagatta ttgtaccttc tacatttcct 5640 ctcttatgaa tgaccctgcc tgaagttcaa tctctaggac catggaagac agacacacaa 5700 atcaaaggga ggacaatact gattggtgta aaatgcctac tagttccagg cctccagaga 5760 cacagccttg aataaaatac aaagctcttg ttgtcatggg actggagttc tatttttttt 5820 ttcatttatt ttctttttat atgtgagtgc aaatgtatgg atgtatggtg ttccaagagg 5880 tcagagggct ttggattccc cctggaacta gagttccaga caggtgtgag ctgccatgtg 5940 ggtgctggga gccaaacctg gattccctgc aagagcagcc agtgctcttt accactgagc 6000 catctctcag gcctagcggg ttaagtgctt gctgcacaca agcagaagag cctaaattca 6060 gatccccagg gaccccataa aagctgggct tgactttata atcccagggc tgaggggatg 6120 taagggaaga caagaagatc ctgagggctc agtggcccgg ctatcttgcc aaagttgtga 6180 gtttcaggtt cactaagaga ccttgcctca caaaataagg ttacagcggt agaggaagat 6240 agaggacctt tggccttata catgcacaca tgggtgatga cacccacata tgcctataac 6300 acctccaaca cacacaacac cccccctcag ggaaatatat atatagtatg tgaaatgatg 6360 ttaaaatcat agctgggagc tgggtgaaag aacaggaatt caaggacatc cttggctaca 6420 taaccaggtt gaagccagcc tgggctatat gagaccctgt ctcaaaacta accaacaaaa 6480 aggacagagg atatgggtga atacttgcct actatgcact acagcagggg gagggtccca 6540 actattatag gcacaagttc aagcagagaa tcagacagag ccagacctga cacctgacac 6600 agaagcaata gctagaggac agaggcaggg tcattcataa gaaaggaagt gtagaaggta 6660 caagagctag gcagacacag gagatacaca gggatgagtc ccaggagggg cctatcctgt 6720 catctctacc actccaccaa cccagctgcc ctgtgctcca tcccctctgt cctccatagg 6780 tgatcgactt tggctcggcc agcatattca gtgaggtacg ctatgtgaag gagccttaca 6840 tccagtcccg cttctacagg gccccagaga tcctgctggg gctgcccttc tgtgagaagg 6900 tggacgtgtg gtctctgggc tgtgtcatgg ccgagctaca tctgggctgg cctctctacc 6960 caggcaacaa tgagtatgac caggtgcgct acatctgtga gacccagggc ttacccaagc 7020 cccatttgct gcatgcggct cgcaaggctc accacttctt caagcgtaac ccccaccccg 7080 atgccaccaa cccctggcag ctgaagtcct ctgctgacta cctagctgag accaaggtat 7140 gggggagcat gcagggtgaa gacagcctgt gctggggggt ggggacgata ctatatcgcc 7200 atgtctcttt ggctggactg agggtctagg tgaaatgtgg agcctgagtt aggtcacata 7260 tcctccctgt agcagtggga gagtgatgga ttggaaatca agaatctggt atgaggggga 7320 cgactggaga attgaaatag caagagaact tccagtcata tcatgggcag aagtcagggg 7380 gtgattttga gtctagatac atggcaggct ggtgtccccc accccccacc aggtacgtcc 7440 tctggagcgc cgcaagtaca tgctcaaatc cttggaccag attgagacag tgaatggtgg 7500 tggagctgtg agccggctga gttttccaga ccgggaggcc ctggcggaac acgcagacct 7560 caagagcatg gtggagctga tcaaacgcat gctgacatgg gagtcgcacg aacgcatcag 7620 tcccagtgcg gccctgcgtc accccttcgt gtccatgcag cagctgcgga gtgcccacga 7680 ggccacccgc tactaccagc tgtcgctcag aggctgtcgg ctgtccctgc aggtggatgg 7740 caagccaccc ccacctgtca tagccagcgc agaggacggg cctccctact accgcctggc 7800 tgaggaggag gagactgcag gcctgggtgg tgtgacaggc agtgggtcct tcttcaggga 7860 ggacaaggct ccgggaatgc agagggccat cgaccagctc gatgacctga gtctgcaaga 7920 ggccagacgg gggctgtgga gcgacacacg ggccgacatg gtctctgaca tgctggttcc 7980 actcaaagtg gccagtacca gccaccgagt ccctgactca ggcccagagc ctatcctggc 8040 cttctacggc agccgattga ccggccgcca taaggcccgc aaggccccag caggctccaa 8100 atctgactcc aacttcagta acctcattcg gctgagccag gcctcacctg aggatgccgg 8160 gccctgtcgg ggcagtggct gggaggaagg agaaggccgc acgacctcca cagagccgtc 8220 tgtcatccca caacgggaag gagatgggcc tggcatcaaa gacaggccca tggatgccga 8280 ggtaagtggg gtgcagactg gcacccagag cttaattgac ggtgcacagg tgacagggcc 8340 gtgcttctta cagctgcagc atctgtcatc tcaacacggg cccaagattc agtaaatact 8400 gacctcctgc acaaggtggc agggctcagc tcacaccaat accctcagga ctggacaagg 8460 ctgatacaaa ctctaattaa ggatggcaca gaaaacaggc acctagtgat gggctggtta 8520 agaaatgggt gaggtgctgg gtggtgtggt acattatctg taatcccggg gagctcaaac 8580 aggagggtca tctcaaggtc aagtctagtt tgggtcataa caagacccta tctcaaaaag 8640 caaacagtaa tattccctcc ctaccaaaag ggctacagat ttagttgtgc agtagagttc 8700 ttgcctagta tctaccagtg agagaatggg gactctccta cacagagtgc ttaccaatgt 8760 gaggggctgg gggtgtggct cagtggtaga gcccctgcct agaatccctc agtgagggac 8820 tgggggcatg gctcagtggt agagcccctg cctagaatcc cccagtgagg ggctgggggc 8880 gtggctcagt ggtagagccc ctgcctagaa tcccccagtg aggggctggg ggtgtggctc 8940 agtggtagag cccctgccta gaatccccca gtgaggggct ggggacgtgg tccagaggca 9000 gagcatttgc ctggtctgcc aaggcttcca tccctaatac ctttgcaatg tgggaaggcc 9060 tacacaggga gtgagggcct tcatacctgc tcactccttc cagtagacag gtacacacct 9120 cagcaggtac ccataattct tgctgatatt cttttctttt cccctccaca gaggccaggc 9180 cctgagctct ttgatcccag cagctgtcct ggagagtggc tgagtgagcc agaatggacc 9240 ctagagggca tccgggggtc tcgagctcaa gggctcccag ctcaccatcc ccacccccac 9300 gggccaccca ggaccaccag ctttctgcag catgttggag ggcaccactg atggggactc 9360 acccctatcg tttcatgggg tctgagctag ctgggctggc gttccccttc ttgatccgaa 9420 atggcacctt agagccatcc tctgaaccta cagattattc ttacagaaaa atagaaatcc 9480 agatgttcct attcccctgc ccctggcaca tgcctgtatc ccaccctaaa tgttggaggt 9540 cgtcagggtc tggcctgagg ccctgaggcc agtgagttgg gaagaggctg caccctggtg 9600 gccatgactg tgcctgggcc tgcctgcctc tgtgtatttc aataaataac tgttccaaac 9660 cctgctcctg cctgttacca ctgggtgaac ctgtaccacc catattgggc caagggggca 9720 cccagggcct gcctcgcccc tgctgtgact ggttggccac tggctgaacc cagaggctca 9780 gtcagtggca gggaaaagct gcgcagggca cagtaacctg tgctctatat acactaaatt 9840 aaacctggta tggggcagtg ggtttgtaat tctaagcact caggagactg aggcaggaga 9900 attacaaggt caagaccagt ttgggcttat gatgagacct tgtcaacaca ggggttgtag 9960 gggagatggg atgaggcaag ggcctggctc cttgggaatc tacccttagg atgttcacat 10020 gttggacaag gacccctggc ttcgtcctct atgtctgtga tggacaggcc atgcgctcgc 10080 tcgctcatgc tctggacatg ttaagtgtaa acacactggt aggaataaat tcagacttcg 10140 cacatgctgt gttgttcaca tacgcacatg ctccggtgtt cagatatgtt agtccagctg 10200 ccacttgggc ccggccttat tcccccccac ccccaccccc acccacccac ctcccattcc 10260 catccccaac ggccgtaaat ggcattcagc agtggttcta cccgcactgc tctgtggagc 10320 atactcggta caaacatgct ggttctacgc atgctcagcc catgcttgcc agtgcggtca 10380 cacactgcat gcccagccca cgccagcctt cgtgcgcact gcatgctgtc accagcagaa 10440 gtccataccc cctcccccct aacaaacata ccatctcata ccactcagtt aagcacaggc 10500 tatacagaca attatttact tataatcttg gccctttggg ggtgggccaa aggtctgggc 10560 ccagcatgca cccccacttc tttggggccc aatccccagc tctgctaggt ccacaggggc 10620 cagagtgtca ggccagtggc ggtggaggta gcagcaggag tatagtggag agtacagagc 10680 cacacgggat agacagaggc aagggcatgg ggacagtaac caggacccag agctgagtcc 10740 aaggaggcct ggaaggcttt gacctgtccg tcgggctgag cctcaaagca ggcggcaggc 10800 attgcccaca ctgttggctg aggtgtcgag atcgtggctg tatggggatt cccagtctct 10860 caggaaaaca gcctccagct gactgcgcaa gccaccatgc ccgttctgtg tcaccagcag 10920 ggaggtgcct gctgtctccg tgaagtagct tccagaccag ttggaggttc ctgggagcaa 10980 ggggtggagt gagggtctga tgggtggcca gaccctagtg cccaggcctt tcctttgata 11040 tggtactggg ggcacttacc aatgtatgag gcacgttcag tcaccatgta cttgttgtgg 11100 ttgacacggg cataggggat tcgggcctgg gactcatccg tagggaccac aaacagtttc 11160 tgcaggggag aggaggatgg tgaggtgggg gctcaaggtg caggtggggt gtctctgaga 11220 agtcctggga tggtaggatg gcatgtgaat ggtatctcca aaaggcactt ggctgcttct 11280 ctgggaaggg tggatcctgg gaccaaaata ggtcccaggg cagctgggcc tcggtgaaca 11340 cgagctgagg c 11351 7 1851 DNA Macaca fascicularis CDS (1)..(1848) 7 atg gct acc acc cag tca gag acc gac tgc tac gac atc atc gag gtc 48 Met Ala Thr Thr Gln Ser Glu Thr Asp Cys Tyr Asp Ile Ile Glu Val 1 5 10 15 ttg ggc aag ggg acc ttc ggg gag gta gcc aag ggc tgg cgg cgg agc 96 Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Lys Gly Trp Arg Arg Ser 20 25 30 acg ggc gag atg gtg gcc atc aag atc ctc aag aac gac gcc tac cgc 144 Thr Gly Glu Met Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn Asp Ala Tyr Arg 35 40 45 aac cgc atc atc aag aat gag ctg aag ctg ctg cac tgc atg cga ggc 192 Asn Arg Ile Ile Lys Asn Glu Leu Lys Leu Leu His Cys Met Arg Gly 50 55 60 ctg gac cct gag gag gcc cac gtc atc cgc ttc ctc gag ttc ttc cac 240 Leu Asp Pro Glu Glu Ala His Val Ile Arg Phe Leu Glu Phe Phe His 65 70 75 80 gac gcc ctc aag ttc tac ctg gtc ttc gag ctg ctg gag caa aac ctt 288 Asp Ala Leu Lys Phe Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Leu Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu 85 90 95 ttt gag ttc cag aag gag aac aac ttc gcg ccc ctc cct gcc cgc cac 336 Phe Glu Phe Gln Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Arg His 100 105 110 atc cgt aca gtc acc ctg cag gtg ctc aga gcc ctg gcc cgg ctc aag 384 Ile Arg Thr Val Thr Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Ala Leu Ala Arg Leu Lys 115 120 125 gag ctg gca atc atc cac gct gat ctc aag cct gag aat atc atg ctg 432 Glu Leu Ala Ile Ile His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu 130 135 140 gtg gac cag acc cgc tgc ccc ttc agg gtc aag gtg att gac ttc ggc 480 Val Asp Gln Thr Arg Cys Pro Phe Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly 145 150 155 160 tct gcc agc att ttc agc gag gtg cgc tac gtg aag gag cca tac atc 528 Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Tyr Val Lys Glu Pro Tyr Ile 165 170 175 cag tcg cgc ttc tac cgg gcc ccc gag atc ctg ctg ggg ctg ccc ttc 576 Gln Ser Arg Phe Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 tgc gag aag gtg gac gtg tgg tcc ctg ggc tgt gtc atg gct gag ctg 624 Cys Glu Lys Val Asp Val Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Met Ala Glu Leu 195 200 205 cac ctg ggc tgg ccc ctc tac ccc ggc aat aac gag tac gac cag gtg 672 His Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Pro Gly Asn Asn Glu Tyr Asp Gln Val 210 215 220 cgc tac atc tgc gaa acc cag ggc ctc ccc aag ccg cac ctg ctg cac 720 Arg Tyr Ile Cys Glu Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Lys Pro His Leu Leu His 225 230 235 240 gcc gcc cgc aag gcc cac cac ttc ttt aag cgc aac ccc cac cct gac 768 Ala Ala Arg Lys Ala His His Phe Phe Lys Arg Asn Pro His Pro Asp 245 250 255 gcc gcc aac ccc tgg cag ctc aag tcc tcg gct gac tac ctg gcc gag 816 Ala Ala Asn Pro Trp Gln Leu Lys Ser Ser Ala Asp Tyr Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 acg aag gtg cgc cca ctg gag cgc cgc aag tat atg ctt aag tcc ttg 864 Thr Lys Val Arg Pro Leu Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Met Leu Lys Ser Leu 275 280 285 gac cag atc gag aca gtg aat ggt ggc agt gtg gcc agt cgg ctg acc 912 Asp Gln Ile Glu Thr Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ala Ser Arg Leu Thr 290 295 300 ttc ccc gac cgg gag gca ctg gca gag cac gcc gac ctc aag agc atg 960 Phe Pro Asp Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu His Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Met 305 310 315 320 gtg gag ctg atc aaa cgc atg ctg acc tgg gaa tca cat gaa cgc atc 1008 Val Glu Leu Ile Lys Arg Met Leu Thr Trp Glu Ser His Glu Arg Ile 325 330 335 agc ccc agt gct gcc ctg cgc cac ccc ttc gtg tcc atg cag cag ctg 1056 Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala Leu Arg His Pro Phe Val Ser Met Gln Gln Leu 340 345 350 cgc aat gcc cac gag acc acc cac tac tac cag ctc tcg ctg cgc agc 1104 Arg Asn Ala His Glu Thr Thr His Tyr Tyr Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Ser 355 360 365 tac cgc ctc tcg ctg cag gtg gag ggc aag ccc ccc gcg cct gtc gtg 1152 Tyr Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Val Glu Gly Lys Pro Pro Ala Pro Val Val 370 375 380 gct gca gaa gat ggg acc ccc tac tac cgt ctg gct gag gag aag gag 1200 Ala Ala Glu Asp Gly Thr Pro Tyr Tyr Arg Leu Ala Glu Glu Lys Glu 385 390 395 400 gct gcg ggc atg ggc agt gtg gcc agc agc agc ccc ttc ttc cga gag 1248 Ala Ala Gly Met Gly Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Ser Pro Phe Phe Arg Glu 405 410 415 gag aag gca cca ggt atg caa aga gcc atc gac cag ctg gac gac ctg 1296 Glu Lys Ala Pro Gly Met Gln Arg Ala Ile Asp Gln Leu Asp Asp Leu 420 425 430 agt ctg cag gag gct ggg cat ggg ctg tgg ggt gag acc tgc acc gat 1344 Ser Leu Gln Glu Ala Gly His Gly Leu Trp Gly Glu Thr Cys Thr Asp 435 440 445 gtg gtc tcc gac atg atg gcc ccc ctc aag gca gcc atc act ggc cgc 1392 Val Val Ser Asp Met Met Ala Pro Leu Lys Ala Ala Ile Thr Gly Arg 450 455 460 cac atg ccc gac tca ggc ccc gag ccc atc ctg gcc ttc tat agc agc 1440 His Met Pro Asp Ser Gly Pro Glu Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Tyr Ser Ser 465 470 475 480 cgc ctg gca ggc cgc cac aag gcc cgc aag cca cct gcg ggt tcc aaa 1488 Arg Leu Ala Gly Arg His Lys Ala Arg Lys Pro Pro Ala Gly Ser Lys 485 490 495 tcc gac tcc aac ctc agc aac ctc atc cgg ctg agc cag gtc tcg cct 1536 Ser Asp Ser Asn Leu Ser Asn Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser Gln Val Ser Pro 500 505 510 gag gat gac agg ccc tgc cgg ggc agc agc tgg gag gaa gga gag cat 1584 Glu Asp Asp Arg Pro Cys Arg Gly Ser Ser Trp Glu Glu Gly Glu His 515 520 525 ctc ggg gcc tct gct gag cca ccg gcc atc ctg cag cga gat ggg gat 1632 Leu Gly Ala Ser Ala Glu Pro Pro Ala Ile Leu Gln Arg Asp Gly Asp 530 535 540 ggg ccc aac att gac aac atg acc atg gag gct gag agg cca gac cct 1680 Gly Pro Asn Ile Asp Asn Met Thr Met Glu Ala Glu Arg Pro Asp Pro 545 550 555 560 gag ctc ttc gac ccc agc agc tgt ccc gga gaa tgg ctg agt gag cca 1728 Glu Leu Phe Asp Pro Ser Ser Cys Pro Gly Glu Trp Leu Ser Glu Pro 565 570 575 gac tgg acc ctg gag ggc gtc agg ggc cca cgg gct cag ggg ctc cca 1776 Asp Trp Thr Leu Glu Gly Val Arg Gly Pro Arg Ala Gln Gly Leu Pro 580 585 590 ccc cgc cgc tcc cac cag cat ggt ccg ccc cgg ggg gcc acc agt ttc 1824 Pro Arg Arg Ser His Gln His Gly Pro Pro Arg Gly Ala Thr Ser Phe 595 600 605 ctc cag cat gtc acc ggg cac cac tga 1851 Leu Gln His Val Thr Gly His His 610 615 8 616 PRT Macaca fascicularis 8 Met Ala Thr Thr Gln Ser Glu Thr Asp Cys Tyr Asp Ile Ile Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Lys Gly Trp Arg Arg Ser 20 25 30 Thr Gly Glu Met Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn Asp Ala Tyr Arg 35 40 45 Asn Arg Ile Ile Lys Asn Glu Leu Lys Leu Leu His Cys Met Arg Gly 50 55 60 Leu Asp Pro Glu Glu Ala His Val Ile Arg Phe Leu Glu Phe Phe His 65 70 75 80 Asp Ala Leu Lys Phe Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Leu Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu 85 90 95 Phe Glu Phe Gln Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Arg His 100 105 110 Ile Arg Thr Val Thr Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Ala Leu Ala Arg Leu Lys 115 120 125 Glu Leu Ala Ile Ile His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu 130 135 140 Val Asp Gln Thr Arg Cys Pro Phe Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly 145 150 155 160 Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Tyr Val Lys Glu Pro Tyr Ile 165 170 175 Gln Ser Arg Phe Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 Cys Glu Lys Val Asp Val Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Met Ala Glu Leu 195 200 205 His Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Pro Gly Asn Asn Glu Tyr Asp Gln Val 210 215 220 Arg Tyr Ile Cys Glu Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Lys Pro His Leu Leu His 225 230 235 240 Ala Ala Arg Lys Ala His His Phe Phe Lys Arg Asn Pro His Pro Asp 245 250 255 Ala Ala Asn Pro Trp Gln Leu Lys Ser Ser Ala Asp Tyr Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 Thr Lys Val Arg Pro Leu Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Met Leu Lys Ser Leu 275 280 285 Asp Gln Ile Glu Thr Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ala Ser Arg Leu Thr 290 295 300 Phe Pro Asp Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu His Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Met 305 310 315 320 Val Glu Leu Ile Lys Arg Met Leu Thr Trp Glu Ser His Glu Arg Ile 325 330 335 Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala Leu Arg His Pro Phe Val Ser Met Gln Gln Leu 340 345 350 Arg Asn Ala His Glu Thr Thr His Tyr Tyr Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Ser 355 360 365 Tyr Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Val Glu Gly Lys Pro Pro Ala Pro Val Val 370 375 380 Ala Ala Glu Asp Gly Thr Pro Tyr Tyr Arg Leu Ala Glu Glu Lys Glu 385 390 395 400 Ala Ala Gly Met Gly Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Ser Pro Phe Phe Arg Glu 405 410 415 Glu Lys Ala Pro Gly Met Gln Arg Ala Ile Asp Gln Leu Asp Asp Leu 420 425 430 Ser Leu Gln Glu Ala Gly His Gly Leu Trp Gly Glu Thr Cys Thr Asp 435 440 445 Val Val Ser Asp Met Met Ala Pro Leu Lys Ala Ala Ile Thr Gly Arg 450 455 460 His Met Pro Asp Ser Gly Pro Glu Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Tyr Ser Ser 465 470 475 480 Arg Leu Ala Gly Arg His Lys Ala Arg Lys Pro Pro Ala Gly Ser Lys 485 490 495 Ser Asp Ser Asn Leu Ser Asn Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser Gln Val Ser Pro 500 505 510 Glu Asp Asp Arg Pro Cys Arg Gly Ser Ser Trp Glu Glu Gly Glu His 515 520 525 Leu Gly Ala Ser Ala Glu Pro Pro Ala Ile Leu Gln Arg Asp Gly Asp 530 535 540 Gly Pro Asn Ile Asp Asn Met Thr Met Glu Ala Glu Arg Pro Asp Pro 545 550 555 560 Glu Leu Phe Asp Pro Ser Ser Cys Pro Gly Glu Trp Leu Ser Glu Pro 565 570 575 Asp Trp Thr Leu Glu Gly Val Arg Gly Pro Arg Ala Gln Gly Leu Pro 580 585 590 Pro Arg Arg Ser His Gln His Gly Pro Pro Arg Gly Ala Thr Ser Phe 595 600 605 Leu Gln His Val Thr Gly His His 610 615 9 21 DNA Homo sapiens 9 aaccgcatca tcaagaacga g 21 10 21 DNA Homo sapiens 10 gtcagggaag gttagccgac t 21 11 23 DNA Homo sapiens 11 agacgaaggt gcgcccattg gag 23 12 23 DNA Homo sapiens 12 ctggcggatc cgaagtcaat cac 23 13 521 DNA Homo sapiens 13 acgagaccac ccactactac cagctctcgc tgcgcagcta ccgcctctcg ctgcaagtgg 60 aggggaagcc ccccacgccc gtcgtggccg cagaagatgg gaccccctac tactgtctgg 120 ctgaggagaa ggaggctgcg ggtatgggca gtgtggccgg cagcagcccc ttcttccgag 180 aggagaaggc accaggtatg caaagagcca tcgaccagct ggatgacctg agtctgcagg 240 aggctgggca tgggctgtgg ggtgagacct gcaccaatgc ggtctccgac atgatggtcc 300 ccctcaaggc agccatcact ggccaccatg tgcccgactc gggccctgag cccatcctgg 360 ccttctacag cagccgcctg gcaggccgcc acaaggcccg caagccacct gcgggttcca 420 agtccgactc caacttcagc aacctcattc ggctgagcca ggtctcgcct gaggatgaca 480 ggccctgccg gggcagcagc tgggaggaag gagagcatct c 521 14 20 DNA Homo sapiens 14 acgagaccac ccactactac 20 15 20 DNA Homo sapiens 15 gagatgctct ccttcctccc 20 16 1851 DNA Rattus norvegicus CDS (1)..(1848) 16 atg gcc acc atc cag tca gag act gac tgt tac gac atc att gaa gtc 48 Met Ala Thr Ile Gln Ser Glu Thr Asp Cys Tyr Asp Ile Ile Glu Val 1 5 10 15 ctg ggc aag ggc act ttt gga gag gtg gcc aag ggc tgg cgt cgg agt 96 Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Lys Gly Trp Arg Arg Ser 20 25 30 aca gga gaa atg gtg gcc atc aag atc ttg aag aac gac gcg tac cga 144 Thr Gly Glu Met Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn Asp Ala Tyr Arg 35 40 45 agc cgt atc atc aag aat gag ttg aag ctg ctg cgc tgt gta cga ggc 192 Ser Arg Ile Ile Lys Asn Glu Leu Lys Leu Leu Arg Cys Val Arg Gly 50 55 60 ctg gac ccc gac gag gcc cac gtc atc cgc ttc ctt gaa ttc ttc cat 240 Leu Asp Pro Asp Glu Ala His Val Ile Arg Phe Leu Glu Phe Phe His 65 70 75 80 gat gcc ctc aag ttc tac ctg gtc ttt gag cta ttg gag caa aac ctc 288 Asp Ala Leu Lys Phe Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Leu Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu 85 90 95 ttt gag ttc cag aaa gag aac aac ttc gca ccc ctc cct gcc agg cac 336 Phe Glu Phe Gln Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Arg His 100 105 110 atc cga act gtc aca ctg cag gtc cta aga gcg ctg gcc cgg ctc aag 384 Ile Arg Thr Val Thr Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Ala Leu Ala Arg Leu Lys 115 120 125 gag ttg gct atc atc cat gct gac ctc aag cca gaa aac att atg ttg 432 Glu Leu Ala Ile Ile His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu 130 135 140 gta gat cag acc cgc tgc ccc ttc agg gta aag gtg atc gac ttt ggc 480 Val Asp Gln Thr Arg Cys Pro Phe Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly 145 150 155 160 tcg gcc agc ata ttc agt gag gtg cgc tat gtg aag gag cct tac atc 528 Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Tyr Val Lys Glu Pro Tyr Ile 165 170 175 cag tcc cgc ttc tac agg gcc cca gag atc ctg ttg ggg ttg ccg ttc 576 Gln Ser Arg Phe Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 tgc gag aag gtg gac gtg tgg tct ctg ggc tgt gtc atg gct gag tta 624 Cys Glu Lys Val Asp Val Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Met Ala Glu Leu 195 200 205 cac ctg ggc tgg cct ctc tac cca ggc aac aat gag tat gac cag gtg 672 His Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Pro Gly Asn Asn Glu Tyr Asp Gln Val 210 215 220 cgc tac atc tgt gag acc cag ggc tta ccc aag ccc cat ctg ctg cat 720 Arg Tyr Ile Cys Glu Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Lys Pro His Leu Leu His 225 230 235 240 gcg gcc cgc aag gct cac cac ttc ttc aag cgt aac ccc cac ccc gat 768 Ala Ala Arg Lys Ala His His Phe Phe Lys Arg Asn Pro His Pro Asp 245 250 255 gcc acc aac ccc tgg cag ctc aag tcc tct gct gac tac cta gct gag 816 Ala Thr Asn Pro Trp Gln Leu Lys Ser Ser Ala Asp Tyr Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 acc aag gta cgc cca ctg gag cgc cgc aag tac atg ctc aaa tcc ttg 864 Thr Lys Val Arg Pro Leu Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Met Leu Lys Ser Leu 275 280 285 gac caa att gag acg gtg aat ggt ggc ggc gct gtg aat cgg ttg agt 912 Asp Gln Ile Glu Thr Val Asn Gly Gly Gly Ala Val Asn Arg Leu Ser 290 295 300 ttt cca gac cgg gag gca ctg gcg gaa cac gcg gac ctc aag agc atg 960 Phe Pro Asp Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu His Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Met 305 310 315 320 gtg gag ctg atc aaa cgc atg ctg aca tgg gag tct cac gag cgc atc 1008 Val Glu Leu Ile Lys Arg Met Leu Thr Trp Glu Ser His Glu Arg Ile 325 330 335 agt ccc agc gcg gcc ctg cgc cac ccc ttc gtg tcc atg cag cag ctg 1056 Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala Leu Arg His Pro Phe Val Ser Met Gln Gln Leu 340 345 350 cgt agt gcc cac gag gcc acc cgc tac tac cag ctg tcc ctc cga ggc 1104 Arg Ser Ala His Glu Ala Thr Arg Tyr Tyr Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Gly 355 360 365 tgt cgg ctg tcc ctg cag gtg gac ggc aag cca ccc cca cct gtc ata 1152 Cys Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Val Asp Gly Lys Pro Pro Pro Pro Val Ile 370 375 380 gcc aac gca gag gac ggg cct ccc tac tac cgc ctg gct gag gag gag 1200 Ala Asn Ala Glu Asp Gly Pro Pro Tyr Tyr Arg Leu Ala Glu Glu Glu 385 390 395 400 gag act gca ggc ctg ggt ggt gtg acc ggc agt ggg tcc ttc ttc agg 1248 Glu Thr Ala Gly Leu Gly Gly Val Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Phe Phe Arg 405 410 415 gag gac aag gct ccc gga atg cag aga gcc atc gac cag ctc gat gac 1296 Glu Asp Lys Ala Pro Gly Met Gln Arg Ala Ile Asp Gln Leu Asp Asp 420 425 430 ctg agt ctg cag gag gcc cgc cgg ggg ctg tgg agc gac acg cgg gcc 1344 Leu Ser Leu Gln Glu Ala Arg Arg Gly Leu Trp Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala 435 440 445 gac atg gtc tct gac atg ctg gct cca ctc aaa gta gcc act acc agc 1392 Asp Met Val Ser Asp Met Leu Ala Pro Leu Lys Val Ala Thr Thr Ser 450 455 460 cat cga gtc ccc gac tcg ggc ccg gag cct atc ctg gcc ttc tac ggc 1440 His Arg Val Pro Asp Ser Gly Pro Glu Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Tyr Gly 465 470 475 480 agc cgc ttg act ggc cgc cat aag gcc cgc aag gcc cca gca ggc tcc 1488 Ser Arg Leu Thr Gly Arg His Lys Ala Arg Lys Ala Pro Ala Gly Ser 485 490 495 aaa tcc gac tcc aac ttc agt aac ctc atc cgg ctg agc cag gcc tca 1536 Lys Ser Asp Ser Asn Phe Ser Asn Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser Gln Ala Ser 500 505 510 cct gag gat gcg ggg tcc tgt agg ggc agt ggt tgg gaa gaa gga gaa 1584 Pro Glu Asp Ala Gly Ser Cys Arg Gly Ser Gly Trp Glu Glu Gly Glu 515 520 525 ggc cac acg act tcc aca gag ccg tct gcc atc cca caa cgg gaa gga 1632 Gly His Thr Thr Ser Thr Glu Pro Ser Ala Ile Pro Gln Arg Glu Gly 530 535 540 gat gga ccc agc atc aaa gac agg ccc atg gat gct gag agg tca ggc 1680 Asp Gly Pro Ser Ile Lys Asp Arg Pro Met Asp Ala Glu Arg Ser Gly 545 550 555 560 cct gag ctc ttt gat ccc agc ggc tgt cct gga gag tgg cta aat gaa 1728 Pro Glu Leu Phe Asp Pro Ser Gly Cys Pro Gly Glu Trp Leu Asn Glu 565 570 575 cca gaa tgg acc cta gag ggc atc cgg ggg tct cga gct caa ggg ctt 1776 Pro Glu Trp Thr Leu Glu Gly Ile Arg Gly Ser Arg Ala Gln Gly Leu 580 585 590 cca gct cgc cat ccc cac cca cac ggg ccg ccc agg acc acc agc ttt 1824 Pro Ala Arg His Pro His Pro His Gly Pro Pro Arg Thr Thr Ser Phe 595 600 605 ctg cag cat gtt gga ggg cac cac tga 1851 Leu Gln His Val Gly Gly His His 610 615 17 616 PRT Rattus norvegicus 17 Met Ala Thr Ile Gln Ser Glu Thr Asp Cys Tyr Asp Ile Ile Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Lys Gly Thr Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Lys Gly Trp Arg Arg Ser 20 25 30 Thr Gly Glu Met Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn Asp Ala Tyr Arg 35 40 45 Ser Arg Ile Ile Lys Asn Glu Leu Lys Leu Leu Arg Cys Val Arg Gly 50 55 60 Leu Asp Pro Asp Glu Ala His Val Ile Arg Phe Leu Glu Phe Phe His 65 70 75 80 Asp Ala Leu Lys Phe Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Leu Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu 85 90 95 Phe Glu Phe Gln Lys Glu Asn Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Arg His 100 105 110 Ile Arg Thr Val Thr Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Ala Leu Ala Arg Leu Lys 115 120 125 Glu Leu Ala Ile Ile His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu 130 135 140 Val Asp Gln Thr Arg Cys Pro Phe Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly 145 150 155 160 Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Tyr Val Lys Glu Pro Tyr Ile 165 170 175 Gln Ser Arg Phe Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe 180 185 190 Cys Glu Lys Val Asp Val Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Met Ala Glu Leu 195 200 205 His Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Pro Gly Asn Asn Glu Tyr Asp Gln Val 210 215 220 Arg Tyr Ile Cys Glu Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Lys Pro His Leu Leu His 225 230 235 240 Ala Ala Arg Lys Ala His His Phe Phe Lys Arg Asn Pro His Pro Asp 245 250 255 Ala Thr Asn Pro Trp Gln Leu Lys Ser Ser Ala Asp Tyr Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 Thr Lys Val Arg Pro Leu Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Met Leu Lys Ser Leu 275 280 285 Asp Gln Ile Glu Thr Val Asn Gly Gly Gly Ala Val Asn Arg Leu Ser 290 295 300 Phe Pro Asp Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu His Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Met 305 310 315 320 Val Glu Leu Ile Lys Arg Met Leu Thr Trp Glu Ser His Glu Arg Ile 325 330 335 Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala Leu Arg His Pro Phe Val Ser Met Gln Gln Leu 340 345 350 Arg Ser Ala His Glu Ala Thr Arg Tyr Tyr Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Gly 355 360 365 Cys Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Val Asp Gly Lys Pro Pro Pro Pro Val Ile 370 375 380 Ala Asn Ala Glu Asp Gly Pro Pro Tyr Tyr Arg Leu Ala Glu Glu Glu 385 390 395 400 Glu Thr Ala Gly Leu Gly Gly Val Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Phe Phe Arg 405 410 415 Glu Asp Lys Ala Pro Gly Met Gln Arg Ala Ile Asp Gln Leu Asp Asp 420 425 430 Leu Ser Leu Gln Glu Ala Arg Arg Gly Leu Trp Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala 435 440 445 Asp Met Val Ser Asp Met Leu Ala Pro Leu Lys Val Ala Thr Thr Ser 450 455 460 His Arg Val Pro Asp Ser Gly Pro Glu Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Tyr Gly 465 470 475 480 Ser Arg Leu Thr Gly Arg His Lys Ala Arg Lys Ala Pro Ala Gly Ser 485 490 495 Lys Ser Asp Ser Asn Phe Ser Asn Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser Gln Ala Ser 500 505 510 Pro Glu Asp Ala Gly Ser Cys Arg Gly Ser Gly Trp Glu Glu Gly Glu 515 520 525 Gly His Thr Thr Ser Thr Glu Pro Ser Ala Ile Pro Gln Arg Glu Gly 530 535 540 Asp Gly Pro Ser Ile Lys Asp Arg Pro Met Asp Ala Glu Arg Ser Gly 545 550 555 560 Pro Glu Leu Phe Asp Pro Ser Gly Cys Pro Gly Glu Trp Leu Asn Glu 565 570 575 Pro Glu Trp Thr Leu Glu Gly Ile Arg Gly Ser Arg Ala Gln Gly Leu 580 585 590 Pro Ala Arg His Pro His Pro His Gly Pro Pro Arg Thr Thr Ser Phe 595 600 605 Leu Gln His Val Gly Gly His His 610 615 18 21 DNA Homo sapiens 18 aagatcctca agaatgacgc c 21 19 21 DNA Homo sapiens 19 aagaatgacg cctaccgcaa c 21 20 21 DNA Homo sapiens 20 aaccgcatca tcaagaacga g 21 21 21 DNA Homo sapiens 21 aagaacgagc tgaagctgct g 21 22 21 DNA Homo sapiens 22 aaggagctgg ctatcatcca c 21 23 21 DNA Homo sapiens 23 aagcctgaga acatcatgct g 21 24 21 DNA Homo sapiens 24 aacatcatgc tggtggacca g 21 25 21 DNA Homo sapiens 25 aaggtgattg acttcggatc c 21 26 21 DNA Homo sapiens 26 aaggagccat acatccagtc g 21 27 21 DNA Homo sapiens 27 aacaacgagt acgaccaggt g 21 28 21 DNA Homo sapiens 28 aagtcgttgg accagattga g 21 29 21 DNA Homo sapiens 29 aagagcatgg tggagctgat c 21 30 21 DNA Homo sapiens 30 aatgcggtct ccgacatgat g 21 31 21 DNA Homo sapiens 31 aagtccgact ccaacttcag c 21 32 21 DNA Homo sapiens 32 aacttcagca acctcattcg g 21 33 21 DNA Homo sapiens 33 aacatgacca tggaagctga g 21 34 21 DNA Homo sapiens 34 aatggctgag tgagccagac t 21 35 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 35 gauccucaag aaugacgccu u 21 36 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 36 gaaugacgcc uaccgcaacu u 21 37 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 37 ccgcaucauc aagaacgagu u 21 38 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 38 gaacgagcug aagcugcugu u 21 39 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 39 ggagcuggcu aucauccacu u 21 40 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 40 gccugagaac aucaugcugu u 21 41 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 41 caucaugcug guggaccagu u 21 42 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 42 ggugauugac uucggauccu u 21 43 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 43 ggagccauac auccagucgu u 21 44 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 44 caacgaguac gaccaggugu u 21 45 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 45 gucguuggac cagauugagu u 21 46 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 46 gagcauggug gagcugaucu u 21 47 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 47 ugcggucucc gacaugaugu u 21 48 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 48 guccgacucc aacuucagcu u 21 49 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 49 cuucagcaac cucauucggu u 21 50 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 50 caugaccaug gaagcugagu u 21 51 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 51 uggcugagug agccagacuu u 21 52 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 52 uucuaggagu ucuuacugcg g 21 53 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 53 uucuuacugc ggauggcguu g 21 54 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 54 uuggcguagu aguucuugcu c 21 55 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 55 uucuugcucg acuucgacga c 21 56 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 56 uuccucgacc gauaguaggu g 21 57 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 57 uucggacucu uguaguacga c 21 58 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 58 uuguaguacg accaccuggu c 21 59 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 59 uuccacuaac ugaagccuag g 21 60 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 60 uuccucggua uguaggucag c 21 61 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 61 uuguugcuca ugcuggucca c 21 62 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 62 uucagcaacc uggucuaacu c 21 63 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 63 uucucguacc accucgacua g 21 64 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 64 uuacgccaga ggcuguacua c 21 65 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 65 uucaggcuga gguugaaguc g 21 66 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 66 uugaagucgu uggaguaagc c 21 67 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 67 uuguacuggu accuucgacu c 21 68 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 68 uuaccgacuc acucggucug a 21 69 21 DNA Homo sapiens 69 caagatcctc aagaatgacg c 21 70 21 DNA Homo sapiens 70 caagaatgac gcctaccgca a 21 71 21 DNA Homo sapiens 71 caaccgcatc atcaagaacg a 21 72 21 DNA Homo sapiens 72 catcaagaac gagctgaagc t 21 73 21 DNA Homo sapiens 73 caagaacgag ctgaagctgc t 21 74 21 DNA Homo sapiens 74 catccgcttc cttgagttct t 21 75 21 DNA Homo sapiens 75 cagaaggaga acaacttcgc g 21 76 21 DNA Homo sapiens 76 caaggagctg gctatcatcc a 21 77 21 DNA Homo sapiens 77 caagcctgag aacatcatgc t 21 78 21 DNA Homo sapiens 78 caaggtgatt gacttcggat c 21 79 21 DNA Homo sapiens 79 catacatcca gtcgcgcttc t 21 80 21 DNA Homo sapiens 80 caacaacgag tacgaccagg t 21 81 21 DNA Homo sapiens 81 caccacttct tcaagcgcaa c 21 82 21 DNA Homo sapiens 82 caagtcgttg gaccagattg a 21 83 21 DNA Homo sapiens 83 caagagcatg gtggagctga t 21 84 21 DNA Homo sapiens 84 caatgcggtc tccgacatga t 21 85 21 DNA Homo sapiens 85 caagtccgac tccaacttca g 21 86 21 DNA Homo sapiens 86 caacttcagc aacctcattc g 21 87 21 DNA Homo sapiens 87 caacatgacc atggaagctg a 21 88 21 DNA Homo sapiens 88 catgaccatg gaagctgaga g 21 89 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 89 agauccucaa gaaugacgcu u 21 90 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 90 agaaugacgc cuaccgcaau u 21 91 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 91 accgcaucau caagaacgau u 21 92 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 92 ucaagaacga gcugaagcuu u 21 93 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 93 agaacgagcu gaagcugcuu u 21 94 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 94 uccgcuuccu ugaguucuuu u 21 95 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 95 gaaggagaac aacuucgcgu u 21 96 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 96 aggagcuggc uaucauccau u 21 97 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 97 agccugagaa caucaugcuu u 21 98 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 98 aggugauuga cuucggaucu u 21 99 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 99 uacauccagu cgcgcuucuu u 21 100 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 100 acaacgagua cgaccagguu u 21 101 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 101 ccacuucuuc aagcgcaacu u 21 102 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 102 agucguugga ccagauugau u 21 103 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 103 agagcauggu ggagcugauu u 21 104 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 104 augcggucuc cgacaugauu u 21 105 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 105 aguccgacuc caacuucagu u 21 106 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 106 acuucagcaa ccucauucgu u 21 107 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 107 acaugaccau ggaagcugau u 21 108 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 108 ugaccaugga agcugagagu u 21 109 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 109 uuucuaggag uucuuacugc g 21 110 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 110 uuucuuacug cggauggcgu u 21 111 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 111 uuuggcguag uaguucuugc u 21 112 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 112 uuaguucuug cucgacuucg a 21 113 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 113 uuucuugcuc gacuucgacg a 21 114 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 114 uuaggcgaag gaacucaaga a 21 115 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 115 uucuuccucu uguugaagcg c 21 116 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 116 uuuccucgac cgauaguagg u 21 117 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 117 uuucggacuc uuguaguacg a 21 118 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 118 uuuccacuaa cugaagccua g 21 119 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 119 uuauguaggu cagcgcgaag a 21 120 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 120 uuuguugcuc augcuggucc a 21 121 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 121 uuggugaaga aguucgcguu g 21 122 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 122 uuucagcaac cuggucuaac u 21 123 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 123 uuucucguac caccucgacu a 21 124 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 124 uuuacgccag aggcuguacu a 21 125 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 125 uuucaggcug agguugaagu c 21 126 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 126 uuugaagucg uuggaguaag c 21 127 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 127 uuuguacugg uaccuucgac u 21 128 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 128 uuacugguac cuucgacucu c 21 129 21 DNA Homo sapiens 129 gagatggtgg ccatcaagat c 21 130 21 DNA Homo sapiens 130 gatggtggcc atcaagatcc t 21 131 21 DNA Homo sapiens 131 gatcctcaag aatgacgcct a 21 132 21 DNA Homo sapiens 132 gagttccaga aggagaacaa c 21 133 21 DNA Homo sapiens 133 gatctcaagc ctgagaacat c 21 134 21 DNA Homo sapiens 134 gagaacatca tgctggtgga c 21 135 21 DNA Homo sapiens 135 gaacatcatg ctggtggacc a 21 136 21 DNA Homo sapiens 136 gaaggagcca tacatccagt c 21 137 21 DNA Homo sapiens 137 gattgagaca gtgaatggtg g 21 138 21 DNA Homo sapiens 138 gagacagtga atggtggcag t 21 139 21 DNA Homo sapiens 139 gacagtgaat ggtggcagtg t 21 140 21 DNA Homo sapiens 140 gagcatggtg gagctgatca a 21 141 21 DNA Homo sapiens 141 gagaaggcac caggtatgca a 21 142 21 DNA Homo sapiens 142 gactccaact tcagcaacct c 21 143 21 DNA Homo sapiens 143 gacaacatga ccatggaagc t 21 144 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 144 gaugguggcc aucaagaucu u 21 145 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 145 ugguggccau caagauccuu u 21 146 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 146 uccucaagaa ugacgccuau u 21 147 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 147 guuccagaag gagaacaacu u 21 148 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 148 ucucaagccu gagaacaucu u 21 149 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 149 gaacaucaug cugguggacu u 21 150 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 150 acaucaugcu gguggaccau u 21 151 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 151 aggagccaua cauccagucu u 21 152 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 152 uugagacagu gaaugguggu u 21 153 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 153 gacagugaau gguggcaguu u 21 154 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 154 cagugaaugg uggcaguguu u 21 155 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 155 gcauggugga gcugaucaau u 21 156 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 156 gaaggcacca gguaugcaau u 21 157 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 157 cuccaacuuc agcaaccucu u 21 158 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 158 caacaugacc auggaagcuu u 21 159 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 159 uucuaccacc gguaguucua g 21 160 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 160 uuaccaccgg uaguucuagg a 21 161 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 161 uuaggaguuc uuacugcgga u 21 162 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 162 uucaaggucu uccucuuguu g 21 163 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 163 uuagaguucg gacucuugua g 21 164 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 164 uucuuguagu acgaccaccu g 21 165 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 165 uuuguaguac gaccaccugg u 21 166 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 166 uuuccucggu auguagguca g 21 167 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 167 uuaacucugu cacuuaccac c 21 168 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 168 uucugucacu uaccaccguc a 21 169 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 169 uugucacuua ccaccgucac a 21 170 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 170 uucguaccac cucgacuagu u 21 171 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 171 uucuuccgug guccauacgu u 21 172 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 172 uugagguuga agucguugga g 21 173 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 173 uuguuguacu gguaccuucg a 21 174 21 DNA Homo sapiens 174 taccgcaacc gcatcatcaa g 21 175 21 DNA Homo sapiens 175 tacgtgaagg agccatacat c 21 176 21 DNA Homo sapiens 176 tacatccagt cgcgcttcta c 21 177 21 DNA Homo sapiens 177 tatgctcaag tcgttggacc a 21 178 21 DNA Homo sapiens 178 tactactgtc tggctgagga g 21 179 21 DNA Homo sapiens 179 tactgtctgg ctgaggagaa g 21 180 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 180 ccgcaaccgc aucaucaagu u 21 181 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 181 cgugaaggag ccauacaucu u 21 182 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 182 cauccagucg cgcuucuacu u 21 183 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 183 ugcucaaguc guuggaccau u 21 184 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 184 cuacugucug gcugaggagu u 21 185 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 185 cugucuggcu gaggagaagu u 21 186 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 186 uuggcguugg cguaguaguu c 21 187 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 187 uugcacuucc ucgguaugua g 21 188 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 188 uuguagguca gcgcgaagau g 21 189 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 189 uuacgaguuc agcaaccugg u 21 190 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 190 uugaugacag accgacuccu c 21 191 21 RNA Artificial siRNA polynucleotide, synthesized 191 uugacagacc gacuccucuu c 21

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.

2. An isolated nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.

3. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, wherein said nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to at least one expression control sequence.

4. A host cell transformed or transfected with the nucleic acid molecule of claim 3.

5. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 2, wherein said nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to at least one expression control sequence.

6. A host cell transformed or transfected with the nucleic acid molecule of claim 5.

7. An isolated nucleic acid molecule that specifically hybridizes under highly stringent conditions to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, or to the complement of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1.

8. An isolated nucleic acid molecule that specifically hybridizes under highly stringent conditions to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, or to the complement of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4.

9. An isolated nucleic acid molecule that encodes a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.

10. An isolated nucleic acid molecule that encodes a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5.

11. An antisense oligonucleotide complementary to a MRNA corresponding to a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein said oligonucleotide inhibits production of HIPK4.

12. An antisense oligonucleotide complementary to a MRNA corresponding to a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, wherein said oligonucleotide inhibits production of HIPK4.

13. An isolated gene comprising a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.

14. An isolated gene comprising a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.

15. An isolated allele of a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.

16. An isolated allele of a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.

17. An isolated allele of a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.

18. An isolated allele of a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.

19. An isolated protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, or an active fragment thereof.

20. An isolated protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or an active fragment thereof.

21. An isolated antibody capable of binding to the protein of claim 19.

22. An isolated antibody capable of binding to the protein of claim 20.

23. A nonhuman transgenic animal in which all of the somatic and germ cells contain DNA comprising a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.

24. A nonhuman transgenic animal in which all of the somatic and germ cells contain DNA comprising a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.

25. A method of inhibiting apoptosis in a cell population comprising transforming or transfecting said cell population with the nucleic acid molecule of claim 3.

26. A method of inhibiting apoptosis in a cell population comprising transforming or transfecting said cell population with the nucleic acid molecule of claim 5.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the cell population is a population of neurons.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the cell population is a population of neurons.

29. A method of identifying a compound capable of inhibiting the activity of a HIPK4 protein comprising the steps of:

(a) contacting a first sample containing the HIPK4 protein with one of a plurality of test compounds; and

(b) comparing the activity of the HIPK4 protein in the first contacted sample with that of the HIPK4 protein in a second sample not contacted with the test compound,

wherein a decrease in the activity of the HIPK4 protein in the first sample, as compared with that in the second sample, identifies the compound as an inhibitor of HIPK4 protein activity.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the HIPK4 protein is the protein of claim 19.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein the HIPK4 protein is the protein of claim 20.

32. A method of identifying a compound capable of increasing the activity of a HIPK4 protein comprising the steps of:

wherein an increase in the activity of the HIPK4 protein in the first sample, as compared with that in the second sample, identifies the compound as an activator of HIPK4 protein activity.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the HIPK4 protein is the protein of claim 19.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein the HIPK4 protein is the protein of claim 20.

35. A method of treating an individual with a neurological disorder comprising administering an effective amount of a compound identified by the method of claim 29 to said individual.

36. A method of treating an individual with a neurological disorder comprising administering an effective amount of a compound identified by the method of claim 32 to said individual.

37. A method of enhancing HIPK4 activity in a human host comprising administering a compound that enhances the activity of the HIPK4 gene product to a human host in need of such treatment.

38. A method of decreasing HIPK4 activity in a human host comprising administering a compound that decreases the activity of the HIPK4 gene product to a human host in need of such treatment.

39. A method of inhibiting expression of HEPK4 in a cell population comprising treating said cell population with the antisense oligonucleotide of claim 11.

40. A method of inhibiting expression of HIPK4 in a cell population comprising treating said cell population with the antisense oligonucleotide of claim 12.

41. A method of inhibiting expression of HIPK4 in a cell population comprising treating said cell population with a siRNA molecule targeted to a mRNA corresponding to the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the siRNA molecule is selected from the group consisting of siRNA molecules shown in FIG. 1.

43. A method of inhibiting expression of HIPK4 in a cell population comprising treating said cell population with a siRNA molecule targeted to a mRNA corresponding to the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 2.

44. A siRNA molecule that inhibits the expression of HIPK4.

45. A siRNA molecule of claim 44, wherein the siRNA molecule is selected from the group consisting of siRNA molecules shown in FIG. 1.

46. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a sequence at least 96.3% identical to SEQ ID NO:1.

47. A purified polypeptide, the amino acid sequence of which comprises a sequence at least 97.2% identical to SEQ ID NO:2.