US20040151618A1 - Method of increasing the conductivity of water and uses therefor - Google Patents
Method of increasing the conductivity of water and uses therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040151618A1 US20040151618A1 US10/685,897 US68589703A US2004151618A1 US 20040151618 A1 US20040151618 A1 US 20040151618A1 US 68589703 A US68589703 A US 68589703A US 2004151618 A1 US2004151618 A1 US 2004151618A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- concentration
- sodium benzoate
- range
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002761 deinking Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014214 soft drink Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 32
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 24
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 20
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 19
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- -1 tributoxyethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010065973 Iron Overload Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001967 plate count agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-M (E,E)-sorbate Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010006326 Breath odour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000018565 Hemochromatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006800 cellular catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012953 feeding on blood of other organism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035929 gnawing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-XSOJFRPOSA-N potassium;(2e,4z)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound [K+].C\C=C/C=C/C(O)=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-XSOJFRPOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075554 sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/20—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/26—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Processes therefor
- A23B4/30—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Processes therefor by spraying of liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B70/00—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages
- A23B70/10—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by addition of preservatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof containing fruit or vegetable juices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/12—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C23F11/124—Carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
- C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/02—Odour removal or prevention of malodour
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
Definitions
- Cornstarch, potato starch and corn syrup are ingestible non-toxic substances that when used in this sodium benzoate solution will not rot or mold.
- inorganic surfaces such as steel and aluminum surfaces as well as for non-absorbing organic material such as grain applicant has found that an acrylic coating combined with the increased conductivity solution causes the solution to adhere to the surface that it is desired to protect.
- a commercially available acrylic coating containing niethylene glycol monoethyl ether and tributoxyethyl phoephate has been successfully used for this purpose.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
A method of increasing the conductivity of water by mixing sodium benzoate with tap water at various concentrations. A sodium benzoate solution, in low doses is not toxic and can be consumed by humans and animals. Some embodiments of this invention are further improved by combining the water having increased conductivity with coatings that will cause the solution to adhere to the surfaces of organic and inorganic material. The increased conductivity solution can be used to reduce rust, corrosion and mold as well as the resulting offensive odors caused by mold. This product has many uses in industrial processes to prevent rust and mold and to reduce undesirable odors, for example a process for recycling newsprint and other paper containing ink.
Description
- Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/419,471, filed Oct. 18, 2002 and Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/479,635 filed Jun. 19, 2003.
- Water is an electronically conductive medium that can function as the mediator for the transfer of electrons from one substance to another. Water has a dielectric constant of 78.5 which is considered very high and is responsible for water being known as the universal solvent. Corrosion is generally considered to be a process of eating away by degrees as if by gnawing resulting in weakening or gradually destroying its prey. However, the most commonly recognized form of corrosion, is the electrochemical reaction that involves the loss of a negatively charged electron from a metal that is transferred to another substance. The substance that accepts the electron or electrons is called the oxidizing agent and the substance losing the electron is the reducing agent. This flow of electrons from the reducing agent to the oxidizing agent is controlled by an electrochemical potential, or voltage difference that exist between the oxidizing and the reducing agents that is measure in terms of voltage. Electron flow occurs from a substance that is relatively electrochemically negative toward another substance that is relatively electrochemically positive. For example if the reducing agent is iron, the iron molecule reacts with oxygen to produce iron oxide commonly known as rust.
- Oxides of sulfur, magnesium and or calcium are similarly formed and are deposited as layers of scale.
- Also, many microorganisms such as fungi must oxidize organic carbon based material in order to produce biological energy.
- All of these processes rely upon electron flow and the electrical conductivity of water. Although the oxidation of metal and the growth and development of microorganisms and scale seem spectacularly different the underlying mechanisms are identical.
- If the electro conductivity of water is increased, rust, corrosion, mold and the resulting odors caused by mold can be eliminated or reduced.
- The strength of a current of electricity can be expressed in amperes. This invention provides a method of increasing the conductivity of water by adding sodium benzoate at various concentrations. Sodium benzoate, in low doses is not toxic and can be consumed by humans and animals. This sodium benzoate solution is clear in color and thus will not distort the color of products that it is combined with. Sodium benzoate is frequently used in commercially available soft drinks, and is identified on soft drink labels as an ingredient. Some embodiments of this invention are further improved by combining the sodium benzoate solution with coatings that will cause the solution to adhere to the surfaces of organic and inorganic material. Applicant has found that cornstarch, potato starch or corn syrup will cause the solution to better adhere to the surfaces of organic products. Cornstarch, potato starch and corn syrup are ingestible non-toxic substances that when used in this sodium benzoate solution will not rot or mold. For inorganic surfaces such as steel and aluminum surfaces as well as for non-absorbing organic material such as grain applicant has found that an acrylic coating combined with the increased conductivity solution causes the solution to adhere to the surface that it is desired to protect. A commercially available acrylic coating containing niethylene glycol monoethyl ether and tributoxyethyl phoephate has been successfully used for this purpose.
- Corn syrup does not include water and when water is added to corn syrup mold will form. For this reason commercial corn syrup is not diluted with water and is sold in its natural viscous state. Applicant has found that corn syrup will go into solution with his aqueous sodium benzoate solution and the resulting solution will not mold. Thus, applicant can with this invention produce corn syrup that has a lowered viscosity. This lowered viscosity corn syrup will pour easier and faster, and will have fewer calories per volume, as well as having other commercial advantages.
- Applicant has also found that the corn starch, potato starch or corn syrup as well as the acrylic coating ingredient can both be added to the sodium benzoate solution and the resulting product will adhere to both organic and inorganic products.
- The invention disclosed herein is not toxic and thus does not function to kill or destroy micro-organisms that may be present. Rather, as a result of increasing the conductivity of the solution, products exposed to this solution are stabilized and the viableability for growth of micro-organisms and the process of producing rust and corrosion is inhibited. An advantage of this aspect of this invention is that it will not harm substances that it comes into contact with.
- The coating additive material, cornstarch or corn syrup, that is added to the sodium benzoate solution and then applied to products that may be ingested by animals including humans, are a common ingestible substance.
- The stability of the sodium benzoate solution can be improved by adding sodium citrate in an amount that will raise the ph to a level in the range of 7.5 to 9.5. Another benefit of maintaining the sodium benzoate solution within this range is that the clearness of the solution is enhanced and stabilized. An important advantage of this sodium benzoate solution over other solutions that could be used for the same purposes is that it is clear in color and does not distort the color of products that it is used with. Other similar solutions, such as sorbate solutions, have a yellowish cast, and the color of products that it is combined with can be distorted. A benefit of utilizing sodium citrate to maintain the ph of the solution in the range of 7.5 to 9.5 is that the sodium benzoate and sodium citrate can be mixed together when both of these substances are in a solid state and shipped to users in a solid state. Shipping this combination of chemicals in a solid state is a much more economical means of providing this product to the user than providing the solution in a liquid state. Sodium Benzoate alone in a solid state can be combustible and explosive under some conditions and thus special precautions must be taken when shipping this chemical in the solid state. However when solid state sodium benzoate is combined with solid state sodium citrate the resulting solid combination is not combustible or explosive.
- Currently products such as corn starch and potato starch are sold only in a dry powder form, because in an aqueous form it will in a short time mold and turn rancid. Aqueous solutions of corn or potato starch containing as low as 0.1% sodium benzoate will have an acceptably long shelf life with out molding.
- It has been found that this sodium benzoate solution is further stabilized when a small portion of potassium sorbate, or 2,4 hexadienoic acid potassium salt (hereinafter PS) is added to the solution. PS, a salt of sorbic acid, is extensively used as a wide spectrum anti-microbial for maintaining freshness in foods, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics and as a preservative for products destined to come in contact with foodstuffs such as adhesive for food packaging. PS has obtained worldwide approval for use in a wide variety of foods when used in a concentration of about 0.1% and in the general range of 0.05% to 0.3%. The PS has excellent water solubility as compared to sorbic acid which has low water solubility. The addition of PS in the range of 0.05% to 1.0% stabilizes and increases the shelf life of this invention.
- It is an objective of this invention to provide a method by which the conductivity of water can be increased and thereby reduce the process of corrosion as well as the growth and development of microorganisms, mold and scale.
- Rust and corrosion cannot occur in an aqueous solution in which the conductivity has been increased. The process of electrolyses is essential to the process of rusting or degradation of metal. Similarly, microbiological degradation, for example the formation of mold, cannot occur in an aqueous solution in which the conductivity has been increased. Thus, the electrical conductivity of water is very important in preventing corrosion, scale and mold. Many objectionable odors originate from microbiological degradation. Thus, by increasing the conductivity of an aqueous solution, and thereby impeding microbiological degradation the odors created by this process are substantially reduced or eliminated.
- In accordance with this invention the conductivity of water is increased and the various processes that depend upon the electrical conductivity of water are affected. The conductivity of the water is increased by the addition of sodium benzoate, in various concentrations dependent upon the intended use for the solution.
- As a result of increasing the conductivity of water this invention can prevent the degradation of metals and other substances.
- This product has many uses in industrial processes to prevent rust and mold and to reduce undesirable odors. In industrial processes in which an aqueous chemical solution must be processed in an apparatus that is prone to damage by rust this product can prevent rusting of the apparatus and thus prolong its useful life. A preferred process of this type is an industrial paper making process and particularly a process for recycling newsprint and other paper containing ink.
- An important use for this sodium benzoate solution is to stabilize decomposition of and preserve food products. The seafood industry exerts great efforts to maintain the wholesomeness of their products to insure that their products have normal nutritional value, and are free from pollution, caused by microbial or chemical contamination. Since the process for causing seafood to become unpalatable for human consumption is retarded by cold temperatures fresh fish are maintained at a temperature slightly above freezing (1-2° C.) for shipping to the fish merchants and eventually to the ultimate consumer. However, fresh fish maintained at this temperature have a relatively short shelf life. Fish are also frozen to maintain their wholesomeness until they are thawed at which time the thawed fish have a relatively short shelf life. Ocean going trawlers and airplanes are used to transport the iced fish to their markets. The shelf life of both fresh and thawed seafood can be greatly extended by utilizing a sodium benzoate solution formed in accordance with this invention for processing the fresh or thawed fish or utilizing a process for freezing fish that utilizes water that has been treated in accordance with this invention. Fresh fish that are sold through fish markets or supermarket are regulated by local laws and must be sold within several days, if not sold in the required period they must be disposed of. When fresh fish are sprayed with the sodium benzoate solution of this invention or are packed in ice made from the sodium benzoate solution of this invention the time period from when the fish is caught to when it can be sold to the ultimate consumer can be greatly increased. Ice made from the sodium benzoate solution of this invention can also be used in the supermarkets where the fish are offered for sale to maintain the fish in a fresh and odor free state. The sodium benzoate solution of this invention as well as ice made from the sodium benzoate solution of this invention can also be used for shipping and displaying fresh vegetables to and at consumer outlets.
- Another result of increasing the conductivity of water is to provide a non-toxic method to prevent the growth of weeds or other plant life that it is desired to control. For example, this invention could be sprayed on fields of cocoa to assist in the fight against illegal drugs. It is also contemplated that water that has been processed in accordance with this invention, at an appropriate concentration, could be used to water lawns and cause the growth rate of the grass to be reduced and thus reduce the mowing requirements.
- Another use for this invention is in animal food. The moisture content of animal food can be increased and this food will not mold. It has also been found that animals that have consumed food that has been processed using this invention have improved breath odors and the odor of their excretions is not as noxious.
- Another use for this invention is in the paper industry. When paper is made with water that has been processed in accordance with this invention the shelf life of the wet lap pulp is increased which increases the uses for wet lap pulp. Another advantage is that the wet lap pulp maintains its white color over time. Also when water, that has been processed in accordance with this invention, is used in the paper making process the SO 2 is greatly reduced and the odors of the finished paper and board is improved. When applicant's sodium benzoate solution is used in the paper industry the increases in conductivity of the solution results in a lower electrical resistance, which helps break down printed secondary fibre to a micron size that that is not visible to the naked eye. This phenomena is accomplished without a surfactant or alkali, which have always been added in de-inking processes. Still further, when food products are packaged in paper or board made from pulp that has been processed in accordance with this invention the shelf life of the food product is increased. For example when fruit is wrapped in tissue or vegetables are packaged in corrugated boxes made from pulp that has been processed in accordance with this invention the shelf lives of the fruit and vegetables are increased
- Another use is in the food and beverage industry. When food is processed using an aqueous solution that has been processed in accordance with this invention it will retain its flavor for longer periods and will prevent the formation of mold in and on the food. Beverages made with water that has been processed in accordance with this invention will have an increased shelf life because the formation of mold will be reduced.
- The efficiency of the process for producing water based consumer products is improved as a result of preventing rust, mold and odors.
- Another industry that will benefit by the use of this invention is the plastic industry. When an aqueous solution that has been treated in accordance with this invention is used in the injection molding process the formation of mold is prevented and the corrosion of metal components of the injection molding machines is prevented.
- The use of this invention in the textile industry will enhance dying and bleaching as well as prevent mold in fabric and carpet.
- In the paint industry this invention will prevent the formation of rust in metal containers of water based paints without the need of applying toxic non rust coatings to the internal surfaces of the cans and lids.
- In the mortuary industry embalming fluids typically contain significant quantities of formaldehyde, other embalming chemicals and tap water. There are a number of drawbacks to the use of formaldehyde since formaldehyde has been associated with a number of health and environmental risks. Furthermore, formaldehyde dehydrates the tissue and thus distracts from a lifelike presentation of the cadavers after embalming.
- When water that has been processed in accordance with this invention is substituted for the tap water used in the embalming fluid several advantages are obtained. The first advantage is that the cadaver has a more lifelike appearance when the water of this invention contains a minimum of 1% of sodium benzoate. Rusting of the embalming chamber is a problem, caused by the use of tap water, in the mortuary industry. When water that has been processed in accordance with this invention is combined with the embalming chemical this rusting is prevented. A Sodium benzoate solution having a 2% sodium benzoate concentration is recommended.
- Also, the embalming area in a mortuary has a very noxious odor that can be eliminated or diminished when odor eliminating sodium benzoate solution processed in accordance with this invention is sprayed in the embalming area before and after embalming. For this purpose a concentration of 6% sodium benzoate is recommended.
- Furthermore, formaldehyde is under scrutiny by the environmental protection agency because it is not biodegradable and contaminates the environment. The proportion of formaldehyde contained in the embalming fluid can be reduced when water that has been processed in accordance with is invention is substituted for the tap water normally used. Another advantage is that medical students have found that the muscles of cadavers, that have been embalmed with fluids containing aqueous sodium benzoate that has been processed in accordance with this process, are more flexible and thus working with such cadavers is easier.
- When water that has been treated in accordance with this invention is used in packaging organic and inorganic products rust, corrosion, mold and odors is prevented.
- The miring of military vehicles and weapons will be greatly reduced as a result of using the sodium benzoate solution of this invention to prevent rust and scale on the equipment. Currently an unrefined form of petroleum jelly is used for this purpose which is difficult to remove.
- The agricultural industry will benefit greatly, as a result of preventing mold, when water that has been treated in accordance with this invention is used during the growing process as well as to wash fruits and vegetables after they have been harvested.
- The cosmetic industry will benefit from this invention by using hydrogen peroxide that has been produced with a sodium benzoate solution that has been processed in accordance with this invention. The stability of such hydrogen peroxide is greatly improved and it is more reliable in bleaching and other hair coloring processes.
- Another use for this invention is in the care of teeth. Drinking water that has been processed in accordance with this invention will leave a thin coating on the teeth, similar to what occurs with fluoridated water. This thin coating will prevent plaque from forming on the teeth.
- Another very important use of this product is in wastewater lagoons that receive runoff from cattle, pigs and poultry farms. These lagoons normally become high in nitrate and have a very offensive ammonia odor. When these lagoons are treated with the solution of this invention the formation of mold and thus the production of ammonia is eliminated or decreased.
- This invention involves increasing the electrical conductivity of tap water by combining the chemical sodium benzoate in the tap water at appropriate concentrations.
- Tests were conducted to measure the electrical conductivity of tap water with varying concentrations of sodium benzoate. In these tests the conductivity has been measured in micromho/cm. One micromho/cm (UMHO/CM) equals one microsiemens/cm (US/CM). In other words a micromho is the same as a microsiemen.
- Applicant's solution has been found to prevent oxidation and rusting of ferrous metals. Elemental iron (Fe o) readily undergoes oxidation with the loss of electrons to give ferrous iron (Fe2+) that can then undergo an additional loss of an electron to produce a ferric ion (Fe3+). This stepwise electron loss is chemically promoted by oxygen (O2), and other factors. Other metals such as aluminum can also undergo oxidation. Coating a metal surface with a layer of rust inhibiting material can prevent corrosion. A rust inhibiting layer of material can be provide on a metal surface by an electrostatic attraction between the inhibitor and the metal surface. Such an adsorptive process that protects metals from corrosion can occur as a result of electrostatic forces between the electric charge on the metal and the counter charge on the corrosion inhibitor. If the metal surface is positively charged, the adsorption of negatively charged inhibitors will occur. This process may also replace water molecules from the metal surface during the process of forming the protective layer. It is applicant's opinion that this process occurs with his solution and is at least partially responsible for unique advantages of his solution.
- Tests on applicants solution show that its conductivity is higher than that of tap water. It is noted that increased concentrations of the solution beyond 0.1% by weight appear to increase conductivity logarithmically. The higher conductivity of the solution reduces the resistance since conductivity is the reciprocal of resistance. Thus, as the conductivity of the solution increases an electrical current encounters less resistance to its flow through the solution. As the voltage goes down and conductivity goes up, current will remain nearly constant. In accordance with Ohm's Law (Current=Voltage/Resistance) with a constant current when the conductivity increases there will be a corresponding voltage drop.
- The unique antioxidant and anticorrosion effects of applicant's solution are considered to be a result of the altered conductivity of the solution and the resulting voltage drop. It is applicant's opinion that the inhibitor resulting voltage drop contributes to the formation of a protective layer on the product to be protected. More generally it is applicant's opinion that his solution decreased the oxygen available in an aqueous systems that ordinarily promotes the oxidation process.
- Electronic scanning microscope studies show that there is no oxygen on steel surface immersed in applicant's anti-oxidant solution. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant effect of applicant's sodium benzoate solution prevents mold and microbiological degradation on organic and inorganic surfaces, such as wet lap pulp and starch solutions.
- Furthermore, as a result of the higher conductivity of the sodium benzoate solution its electrical resistance is reduced which stabilizes organic colors and prevents their reversion. This color stabilization has been found to be beneficial in soft drinks and in the pulp and paper industry where colored paper utilizing organic dyes is utilized. Also, in the pulp and paper industry the brightness of pulp is enhanced which is a result of applicant's solution impeding the deposition of iron. Also, impeding the iron content in drinking water can help to prevent an iron overload problem in humans and animals. Iron overload can result in cellular degradation that is similar to the rusting of a nail. Applicant's sodium benzoate solution can be used to prevent oxygen free radical degradation in humans and animals. Excess iron in human is very dangerous. Human consumption of applicant's solution could prevent hemochromatosis and the need for phlebotomy. Applicant has found that by daily drinking his solution ( 0.1%) blended in fruit juice, his iron count has been reduced to normal levels. These results have been confirmed by lab tests performed by medical doctors and the results have been submitted to the research department of a prominent University.
- In preparing a 1% solution of applicants solution 37.84 grams of sodium benzoate were dissolved in one gallon of tap water which weighs 3,784 grams. A sample of tap water was tested that had a conductivity of 74.9 UMHO/CM. The conductivity of the various samples of applicant's invention that were subjected to these tests had conductivities ranging from 635 to 34,500 UMHO/CM. As will be discussed in more detail a separate sample was tested that had a concentration of 10% sodium benzoate and also included an ingredient that that improves the solution's ability to adhere to the surface to which it has been applied. The test results for the 10% solutions with and without the coating additive were substantially the same. Thus the coating additive did not have a significant effect on the conductivity. For solutions of other strengths, proportional amounts of sodium benzoate were added to a gallon of water. This invention is concerned with concentrations of sodium benzoate in the range of about 0.1% and greater. The current test results have been limited to a maximum concentration of about 10%. The results of these tests in the range of 0% concentration to 10% concentration are displayed in the following chart:
CHART 1 % Concentration of Conductivity Sample No. Sodium Benzoate in UMHO/CM 41629 0% 74.9 41630 0.1% 635 41631 1.0% 4720 41632 2.5% 10,600 41633 10.0% 34,500 - These tests confirmed the unexpected results of applicant's discovery that the electrical conductivity of tap water is increased when sodium benzoate is added to the tap water in concentrations of 0.1% and greater.
- Applicant has demonstrated that tap water that has been treated in accordance with this invention has an increased electrical conductivity with the following experiment. A light bulb was screwed into the socket at one end of an electric extension cord. The insulation from a portion of the cord was removed and the un-insulated wires were held and maintained apart from each other to prevent them from engaging and shorting out. The extension cord was plugged into an alternating current outlet, causing the light to be illuminated. The light bulb was then lowered into a tank containing water that has been treated in accordance with this invention. The bulb is lowered to a dept at which the un-insulated wires are submerged. The light remains illuminated. When this experiment is conducted in plain tap water the un-insulated wires short out through the water and the bulb does not remain illuminated. This dramatic demonstration proves the accuracy of applicant's operating theory of this invention.
- This product has many uses in industrial processes to prevent rust and mold and to reduce undesirable odors. In industrial processes in which an aqueous chemical solution must be processed in an apparatus that is prone to damage by rust this product can prevent rusting of the apparatus and thus prolong its useful life. A preferred process of this type is an industrial paper making process and particularly a process for recycling newsprint and other paper containing ink. When repulping inked paper it is desirable for the finished product to be white. Repulping chemicals including deinking chemicals are added to the vat containing the aqueous paper solution to be repulped. In the paper industry this vat is referred to as a pulper, As a result of the presence of the aqueous solution metal pipes connected to the pulper are prone to rust. The product of this invention, in its granular form, is packaged with the repulping and deinking chemicals in a container that will be deposited into the pulper without opening the container. The container used in this process is formed completely from white paperboard that will be defibered and chemically dispersed in the aqueous solution so as to not contaminate the process as would brown or other colored paperboard. An advantage of this process for packaging the repulping and deinking chemicals along with the rust, mold and odor inhibitors is that that workers loading the pulper have a self contained clean package that can be conveniently stored and deposited into the pulper. This avoids exposing the workers to the chemicals and risking spills that would require a clean up that could be hazardous. Furthermore, mold and unacceptable odors from the wet pulp are diminished. This packaging process, of the rust, mold and odor inhibitor of this invention with other chemicals, can be used in numerous other industrial process.
- Applicant has also demonstrated the operability of this invention by the following Examples:
- Several ungalvanized nails were immersed in water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate. Several identical ungalvanized nails were immersed in tap water. The nails that were immersed in tap water showed visible evidence of rust in 24 hours. These nails were removed from the solution and were wiped with a clean tissue paper and the rust impregnated and was visible on the paper. The nails that were immersed in the water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate showed no visible evidence of rust after three weeks. These nails were removed from the solution and were wiped with a clean tissue paper and there was no visible rust on the paper.
- Rust is a greater problem in salt water then in non brackish water. The tests of EXAMPLES 1 was modified, EXAMPLE 2, by adding 1.0% by weight of table salt to the solution containing 1.0% sodium benzoate. The result of these modified tests were the same as in EXAMPLES 1 & 2, that is there was no rust on the nails after three weeks of immersion in the salt water solution.
- Several ungalvanized nails were immersed in water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate and a 1% concentration of table salt. Several identical ungalvanized nails were immersed in tap water. The nails that were immersed in tap water showed evidence of rust in 24 hours, but the ungalvanized nails showed no evidence of rust after 24 hours. Three months after these test commenced the nails that were in tap water were removed from the solutions and were wiped with a clean tissue paper. The nails that were in tap water were rust impregnated and the rust was visible on the paper. The nails that were immersed in the water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate and a 1% concentration of table salt showed no visible evidence of rust after three months. These nails were removed from the solution and were wiped with a clean tissue paper and there was no visible rust on the paper.
- The results of EXAMPLES 1 & 2 are summarized in the following CHART 2 RUST EXAMPLES.
CHART 2 RUST EXAMPLES % Concentration Visible Rust Example of Sodium Visible Rust on Impregnated on No. Benzoate Nails Paper 1 1% No No 1 0% Yes Yes 2 1% No No 2 0% Yes Yes - A portion of cornstarch was immersed in water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate. A like portion of cornstarch was immersed in tap water. The cornstarch that was immersed in tap water showed evidence of mold after 4 weeks. The cornstarch that was immersed in the water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate showed no evidence of mold after four weeks.
- A portion of dry dog food was placed on a plate and sprayed with water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate. A like portion of dry dog food was placed on a plate and sprayed with tap water. The dry dog food that was sprayed with tap water showed evidence of mold and had an odor after 48 hours. The dry dog food that was sprayed with water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate showed no evidence of mold after three months.
- A portion of wet lap pulp (pulp from which paper is made) was treated with water that had a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate. A like portion of wet lap pulp from the same batch as the above wet lap pulp was not treated (wet lap pulp is moist and contains tap water) but was isolated for observation and comparison. The wet lap pulp that was treated with water having a 1% concentration of sodium benzoate shows no evidence of mold or odor after almost a year. The untreated wet lap pulp showed evidence of mold and had an odor after 48 hours.
- A commercially available 16 ounce bottle of cranberry-raspberry drink was opened and one ounce of water having a 30% concentrations of sodium benzoate was added to the contents of the bottle. The resulting cranberry-raspberry drink thus had about a 1.9% concentration of sodium benzoate. A second bottle of the same commercially available drink was opened but not treated in any way. After three weeks the bottle containing the ounce of water having a 30% concentration of sodium benzoate showed no evidence of mold however at this time the untreated bottle showed considerable amounts of mold.
- Applicant has found that to prevent unacceptable odors from devoloping a solution containing up to about 10% sodium benzoate is more effective than lower concentrations. The preferred concentration, for eliminating odors is about 6%.
- The results of EXAMPLES 3, 4, 5 & 6 are summarized in the following CHART 3 MOLD EXAMPLES.
CHART 3 MOLD EXAMPLES % Concentration Example of Sodium No. Benzoate Mold No Mold 3 1% X 3 0% X 4 1% X 4 0% X 5 1% X 5 0% X 6 1.9% X 6 0% X - A growing plant having green leaves and small white flowers was isolated from other plants of the same type. the isolated plant was sprayed with water having a 10% concentration of sodium benzoate. The other plants were not treated. After six hours the isolated plant was shriveled and dried up, however the surrounding untreated plants thrived and showed no evidence of shriveling or drying up.
- Two similar potted plants each having green leaves and violet colored flowers were obtained for this example. One of the potted plants was watered with tap water and at the same time the other potted plant was watered with water that contained a 10% concentration of sodium benzoate. Three days after watering the potted plants the potted plant that had been watered with tap water was thriving and showed no evidence of wilting or shriveling up. However after three days, the plant that was watered with water containing a 10% concentration of sodium benzoate, was weathered and dried up.
- A patch of grass about two feet in diameter was sprayed with water having a 10% concentration by weight of sodium benzoate . At the time that the water having the 10% concentration of sodium benzoate was sprayed on this patch of grass the sprayed patch as well as the surrounding grass areas were green and healthy looking. However, 24 hours after the water having a 10% concentration of sodium benzoate was sprayed on the patch, the patch appeared straw like and there was no longer any green appearing.
- Three large potted plants having green leaves and red flowers, each plant was about 3 feet tall, were utilized for this EXAMPLE. The three plants were aligned adjacent to each other in a sunny area. The large potted plant to the left was watered with tap water and the plants in the center and to the right were watered with water having a 10% concentration by weight of sodium benzoate. Two days after watering these three large potted plants, the plant to the left retained its green leaves and red flowers. However, the large plant in the center and the one to the right had undergone change. The flowers were no longer red and instead appeared pink and white and the leaves were drooping and were a much lighter shade of green. Four days after watering the plants the large plant in the center and the one to the right had undergone further change. The remains of the flowers were now brown and only a few brown leaves remained on the branches. The plant to the left retained its green leaves and red flowers.
- The results of EXAMPLES 7, 8, 9 & 10 are summarized in the following CHART 4 PLANT GROWTH RETARDER EXAMPLES.
CHART 4 PLANT GROWTH RETARDER EXAMPLES % Concentration Example of Sodium Growth Growth Not No. Benzoate Stunned Stunned 7 10% X 7 0% X 8 10% X 8 0% X 9 10% X 9 0% X 10 10% X 10 0% X - The water solution containing concentrations of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10% forms a thin coating on objects that are immersed in it and on objects that it is applied by spraying or other application method. However, this thin coating can be washed of for example if the object is rained upon. In some situations it is preferred that the coating be more adhesive. Accordingly some embodiments of this invention have been further improved by combining the water having increased conductivity with coatings that will cause the solution to better adhere to the surfaces of organic and inorganic material to which it is applied. Applicant has found that cornstarch, potato starch and corn syrup will cause the solution to better adhere to the surfaces of organic products. Cornstarch, potato starch and corn syrup are ingestible non-toxic substances that when placed in the sodium benzoate solution will not rot or mold.
- For inorganic surfaces such as steel and aluminum surfaces as well as for non-absorbing organic material such as grain applicant has found that an acrylic coating material can be combined with the increased conductivity aqueous solution to causes the solution to adhere to the hard surfaces. A commercially available acrylic coating, sold by SC Johnson & Son, Inc. under the brand name “FUTURE”®, containing niethylene glycol monoethyl ether and tributoxyethyl phoephate has been successfully used for this purpose. Other acrylic coating material could also be used for this purpose.
- A solution containing a concentration of about 1% sodium benzoate and about 1.3% acrylic coating material can be formulated by the following process.
- In a first bottle mix about 946 grams of sodium benzoate and about 2,838 grams of tap water.
- In a second bottle mix about 1183 grams of acrylic coating material and about 2601 grams of tap water.
- In a third bottle mix {fraction (1/25)} of the contents of the first bottle, {fraction (1/25)} of the contents of the second bottle and 3482 grams of tap water. The diluted solution of the third bottle will now contain a concentration of about 1% sodium benzoate and about 1.3% acrylic coating material. This solution can be applied by spraying, wiping or painting to a hard surface and will adhere to the surface. The dried coating will not wash off for example by a rain falling on the surface.
- Applicant has also found that the cornstarch or corn syrup ingredient as well as the acrylic coating ingredient can both be added to the sodium benzoate solution and the resulting product will adhere to both organic and inorganic products.
- Corn syrup does not include water and when water is added to corn syrup mold will form. For this reason commercial corn syrup is not diluted with water and is sold in its natural viscous state. Applicant has found that corn syrup will go into solution with his aqueous benzoate solution and the resulting solution will not mold. Thus, applicant can with this invention produce corn syrup that has a lowered viscosity. This lowered viscosity corn syrup will pour easier and faster, and will have fewer calories per volume, as well as having other commercial advantages.
- In the mortuary industry embalming fluids typically contain significant quantities of formaldehyde, other embalming chemicals and tap water. However, there are a number of drawbacks to the use of formaldehyde since formaldehyde has been associated with a number of health and environmental risks. Furthermore, formaldehyde is under scrutiny by the environmental protection agency because it is not biodegradable and contaminates the environment. Still further, formaldehyde dehydrates the tissue and thus distracts from a lifelike presentation of the cadavers after embalming.
- When water that has been processed in accordance with this invention is substituted for the tap water of the embalming fluid several advantages are obtained. The first advantage is that the cadaver has a more lifelike appearance when the solution of this invention contains a minimum of 1% Benzoate. This is a result of the embalming fluid containing water that has been processed in accordance with this invention functioning as a preservative and also a decreased concentration of formaldehyde. Rusting of the embalming apparatus or chamber is a problem, caused by the use of tap water, in the mortuary industry. Embalming apparatuses are cabinet like devices that house embalming chemical containers, a tap water supply conduit, a mixing manifold in which the embalming fluids and water are combined, pumps and valves for dispensing the embalming fluid to the embalmer's control device as well as suction mechanism for removing liquids from the cadaver. Another advantage is that when water that has been processed in accordance with this invention is used as an ingredient of the embalming chemical rusting of the embalming apparatuses is greatly reduced. Also, the embalming area in a mortuary has a very noxious odor that can be eliminated or diminished when odor eliminating water processed in accordance with this invention is sprayed in the embalming area before and after embalming. Applicant has found that to prevent unacceptable odors from developing a solution containing up to about 10% sodium benzoate is more effective than lower concentrations. The preferred concentration for eliminating unacceptable odors is about 6%. The amount of formaldehyde contained in the embalming fluid can be reduced when water that has been processed in accordance with is invention is substituted for the tap water normally used. Yet another advantage is that medical students have found that the muscles of cadavers, that have been embalmed with fluids containing water that has been processed in accordance with this invention, are more flexible and thus working with the cadavers is easier.
- The seafood industry exerts great efforts to maintain the wholesomeness of their products such that these products have normal nutritional value, and are free from pollution, caused by microbial or chemical contamination. The amount of time that seafood products remain in high-quality condition for consumption varies somewhat among species. Generally, the higher the fat content, the more prone the product is to spoilage and flavor changes. The oxidation of the natural oil in the fish, causes the fish to become unpalatable. This process can be retarded by cold temperatures. The shelf life of fresh fish can be extended by maintaining them at a low temperature for example 1-2° C. However, this extended shelf life is relatively short and many of the best fishing grounds in the world are large distances from the major consumer centers. As a result the fishing trawlers must return to port every 3 days to assure that their catch of fresh fish can reach the consumer in a wholesome condition. Seagoing vessels have been developed for catching fish, processing the catch and freezing it at sea. However, when the frozen fish are thawed they have a relatively short shelf life. Thus, a method for extending these shelf life is very important to the seafood industry as well as to consumers.
- When water that has been treated in accordance with this invention is applied to fresh seafood, by bathing in or spraying on, the shelf life of the fresh seafood is substantially increased. Likewise when seafood that has been frozen at sea, in water that has been treated in accordance with this invention, is thawed the shelf life of this seafood is substantially increased. Thus, a seafood merchant that has thawed seafood that was frozen in water that has been treated in accordance with this invention will have an extended time period in which to sell the product to a consumer and the consumer that has purchased such seafood will have an extended period in which to prepare the seafood for consumption. As a result the fishing trawlers will be able to remain at sea for more than three days and be assured that their fresh seafood will reach the consumer in a wholesome condition. This will save a substantial amount in fuel oil used by the fishing trawlers.
- When fish are frozen either in port or at sea they are placed in water and frozen into a block, which is shipped to the local fish merchants. The fish merchants either thaws the blocks and sells the thawed fish to other merchants that sell to the ultimate consumers or restaurants or resell the frozen blocks to consumer merchants or restaurants. When the water used to form the frozen blocks is water that has been treated in accordance with this invention, when the blocks are thawed the melted water will permeate the seafood product and extend its shelf life. Thus, by using water that has been treated in accordance with this invention to freeze fish either in port or at sea a much improved method for freezing seafood has been provided.
- Cod fish fillets which were frozen at sea were thawed and minced. The minced fillets were divided into two 200 gram portions. To one portion, 20 milliliters of sterile, deionized water was added (10%) and to the other 20 milliliters of the sodium benzoate solution of this invention containing 1% benzoate was added. Both portions were stirred and then placed at 1-2° C. for storage. Samples were taken 2 hours, 7 days and 14 days after mixing. Counts of psychrothrophic microorganisms was done on Plate Count Agar with 0.5% NaCl added by the pour-plate technique. Plated were incubated at 22° C. for 3 days prior to counting colonies. When a nutrient agar-type medium is incubated, using the streak-plate or pour-plate method, cells are individually separated. In incubation, individual cells reproduce rapidly to generate a visible colony of cells, each colony being a pure sample of a single kind of microorganism. The results are shown in the table below. These results clearly indicate that the 1% sodium benzoate solution drastically reduced and slowed the growth of microorganism in the minced fillets and can increase the shelf life of fresh seafood that is maintained at 1-2° C. to at least 14 days which is about twice its usual shelf life.
CHART 5 SEAFOOD INDUSTRY Count of psychrotrophic Count of microorganisms in psychrotrophic sample with 1% Days at 1-2° microorganisms in Sodium Centigrade water sample Benzoate solution 0 5 5 7 7 4.8 14 9.1 5.2 - In the above example, a 1% sodium benzoate solution was used, which is considered to be a stronger than acceptable for a food product, and thus a further tests were performed. In these second tests cod fish fillets which were frozen at sea were thawed and minced. The minced fillets were divided into two 200 gram portions. To one portion, 2 milliliters of sterile, deionized water was added and to the other 2 milliliters of the sodium benzoate solution of this invention containing 0.1% benzoate was added. As a result in this test the other portion contained only 10% of the amount of benzoate as was in EXAMPLE 11. In other words EXAMPLE 11 was a 1% sodium benzoate solution and EXAMPLE 12 is a 0.1% sodium benzoate solution. Both portions were stirred and then placed at 1-2° C. for storage. Samples were taken 2 hours, 7 days, 14 days and 18 after mixing. Counts of psychrothrophic microorganisms was done on Plate Count Agar with 0.5% NaCI added by the pour-plate technique. Plated were incubated at 22° C. for 3 days prior to counting colonies. The results are shown in the table below. These results clearly show that the 0.1% sodium benzoate solution drastic reduced and slowed the growth of microorganism in the minced fillets and can increase the shelf life of fresh seafood that is maintained at 1-2° C. for at least 14 days which is about twice its usual shelf life.
CHART 6 SEAFOOD INDUSTRY Count of psychrotrophic Count of microorganisms in psychrotrophic sample with 0.1% Days at 1-2° microorganisms in Sodium Benzoate Centigrade water sample solution 0 4.22 4.21 7 6.38 4.79 14 9.52 6.17 18 9.3 8.09 - Having described the invention it should be understood that the compositions and methods of the invention is intended merely to be illustrative thereof and that other modifications, embodiments and equivalents may be apparent to those who are skilled in the art without departing from its spirit.
Claims (25)
1. A method of introducing chemicals into an aqueous industrial process comprising the steps of:
providing an open container that is constructed of white paperboard;
depositing dry chemicals for the industrial process into the container;
depositing dry sodium benzoate into the container in an amount such that the aqueous industrial process will have a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10% by weight;
closing the container with a cover that is constructed of white paperboard;
depositing the closed container into a vat containing an aqueous solution.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the following additional step is performed:
depositing dry potassium sorbate into the open container in an amount such that the aqueous industrial process will have a concentration of potassium sorbate in the range of 0.05% to 1.0%.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the aqueous industrial process is a process for repulping inked paper.
4. The method of repulping inked paper as set forth in claim 3 wherein the following additional step is performed:
depositing dry potassium sorbate into the open container in an amount such that the aqueous industrial process will have a concentration of potassium sorbate in the range of 0.05% to 1.0%.
5. The method for repulping inked paper as set forth in claim 3 wherein the vat is a paper pulper containing an aqueous solution of inked paper.
6. The method for repulping inked paper as set forth in claim 3 wherein the dry chemicals that are deposited into the container for the industrial process are repulping and deinking chemicals.
7. The method for repulping inked paper as set forth in claim 5 wherein the dry chemicals that are deposited into the container for the industrial process are repulping and deinking chemicals.
8. The method of improving the industrial usefulness of water by increasing its electrical conductivity comprising the step of adding sodium benzoate to the water in an amount that the solution has a sodium benzoate concentration in the range of 1-10% by weight.
9. The method of improving the industrial usefulness of water as set forth in claim 1 comprising the following additional step:
adding potassium sorbate, in a range of 0.05% to 1.0%, to the solution.
10. The method of preventing the rust of metal by the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%;
immersing the metal in the solution.
11. The method of preventing the rust of metal as set forth in claim 10 comprising the following additional step:
adding potassium sorbate, in a range of 0.05% to 1.0%, to the solution.
12. The method of preventing the rust of metal by the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%;
coating the metal with the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%.
13. The method of preventing the rust of metal by the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate of about 1%, and an acrylic coating of about 1%;
coating the metal with the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate of about 1%, and an acrylic coating of about 1%.
14. The method of preventing the rust of metal by the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%, and an acrylic coating in the range of 1-10%;
coating the metal with the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10% ad acrylic coating in the range of 1-10%.
15. The method of preventing the formation of mold on organic substances comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%;
coating the organic substance with the substance.
16. The method of preventing the formation of mold on an organic substances comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10% and corn starch or corn syrup in a concentration of 1-10%;
coating the organic substance with the solution.
17. The method of preventing offensive odors from forming on organic substances comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate of about 10%;
coating the organic substance with the solution.
18. The method of preventing the formation of offensive odors from organic substances comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate of about 10% and starch in the range of 1-10%;
coating the organic substance with the solution.
19. The method of preventing the formation of mold in a soft drink containing organic matter comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate of about 30%;
mixing the solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate of about 30% to the soft drink at of ratio of solution to drink in the range of 1 to 10-20.
20. The method of stopping the growth of a plant comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%;
coating the plant with the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%.
21. The method of stopping the growth of a plant comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10% and a concentration of starch in the range of 1-10%;
coating the plant with the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10% and starch in the range of 1-10%.
22. The method of impeding the growth of a plant comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%;
coating the plant with the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10%.
23. The method of impeding the growth of a plant comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10% and a concentration of starch in the range of 1-10%;
coating the plant with the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 1-10% and starch in the range of 1-10%.
24. The method of increasing the shelf life of seafood comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 0.1-1%;
coating the seafood with the solution having a concentration of sodium in the range of 0.1-1%;
maintaining the coated seafood at a temperature of 1-2° Centigrade.
25. The method of increasing the shelf life of seafood comprising the following steps:
providing a solution of water having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 0.1-1%;
placing the seafood with the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate in the range of 0.1-1%;
freezing the solution having a concentration of sodium benzoate in which the seafood has been placed;
maintaining the frozen solution containing the seafood in a frozen state until the seafood is to be consumed;
thawing the frozen solution containing the seafood.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/685,897 US20040151618A1 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2003-10-15 | Method of increasing the conductivity of water and uses therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US41947102P | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | |
| US47963503P | 2003-06-19 | 2003-06-19 | |
| US10/685,897 US20040151618A1 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2003-10-15 | Method of increasing the conductivity of water and uses therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20040151618A1 true US20040151618A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
Family
ID=32110247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/685,897 Abandoned US20040151618A1 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2003-10-15 | Method of increasing the conductivity of water and uses therefor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040151618A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003300667A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004034765A2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060223639A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-10-05 | Aruze Corp. | Game chip |
| US20070233261A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-04 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Artificial Disc Replacement Using Posterior Approach |
| US20070233244A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-04 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Artificial Disc Replacement Using Posterior Approach |
| US8282641B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2012-10-09 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Methods and instrumentation for disc replacement |
| US20220082519A1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-17 | Talking Rain Beverage Company, Inc. | Preservative detection in beverage syrup |
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| US2177519A (en) * | 1936-01-15 | 1939-10-24 | James J Doyle | Composition and method for preserving the color of meat |
| US2622031A (en) * | 1951-09-27 | 1952-12-16 | Washington Lab Inc | Composition of matter and method of preserving food in raw state |
| US3600198A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1971-08-17 | Progil | Process of preserving fish with biocidal mixture |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2760886A (en) * | 1947-07-16 | 1956-08-28 | Rohm & Haas | Process for coating metals and the products obtained |
| US2503664A (en) * | 1949-07-16 | 1950-04-11 | American Machinery Corp | Coloration of fresh citrus fruits |
| US3985890A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1976-10-12 | Brown Ethel A | Pickled seafood |
| US4220671A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1980-09-02 | Rich Products Corporation | Intermediate-moisture frozen foods |
| US4756919A (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1988-07-12 | Thomas J. Lipton | Acid preservation systems for food products |
| ATE71295T1 (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1992-01-15 | Lockley Services Pty Ltd | FOAMABLE BIOCIDE COMPOSITION. |
| AU4969990A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-24 | Trans Delta Corporation | Stabilized sterilizing or disinfecting halogen containing composition, method and apparatus |
| US5439683A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1995-08-08 | Rhone-Poulenc Inc. | Paddy rice treatment |
| US6303172B1 (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 2001-10-16 | Tillin, Inc. | Method of treating commercial grade products to remove undesirable odors and flavors |
| US6183814B1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 2001-02-06 | Cargill, Incorporated | Coating grade polylactide and coated paper, preparation and uses thereof, and articles prepared therefrom |
| US6403129B1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2002-06-11 | Mac Farms, Inc. | Carbonated fortified milk-based beverage and method of making carbonated fortified milk-based beverage for the supplementation of essential nutrients in the human diet |
| US6500360B2 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2002-12-31 | Bernard Bendiner | Sorbic acid and/or its derivatives, such as potassium sorbate, as a preventative for rust, corrosion and scale on metal surfaces |
| US6085905A (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2000-07-11 | Cortec Corporation | Water-soluble containers for water cooling towers and boilers |
-
2003
- 2003-10-15 AU AU2003300667A patent/AU2003300667A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-15 US US10/685,897 patent/US20040151618A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-15 WO PCT/IB2003/006149 patent/WO2004034765A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2177519A (en) * | 1936-01-15 | 1939-10-24 | James J Doyle | Composition and method for preserving the color of meat |
| US2622031A (en) * | 1951-09-27 | 1952-12-16 | Washington Lab Inc | Composition of matter and method of preserving food in raw state |
| US3600198A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1971-08-17 | Progil | Process of preserving fish with biocidal mixture |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060223639A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-10-05 | Aruze Corp. | Game chip |
| US20070233261A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-04 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Artificial Disc Replacement Using Posterior Approach |
| US20070233244A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-04 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Artificial Disc Replacement Using Posterior Approach |
| US8137404B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2012-03-20 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Artificial disc replacement using posterior approach |
| US8282641B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2012-10-09 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Methods and instrumentation for disc replacement |
| US20220082519A1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-17 | Talking Rain Beverage Company, Inc. | Preservative detection in beverage syrup |
| US11592411B2 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2023-02-28 | Talking Rain Beverage Company, Inc. | Preservative detection in beverage syrup |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003300667A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
| AU2003300667A8 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
| WO2004034765A2 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
| WO2004034765A3 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
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