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Definitions

• This invention relates to a series of alkylated (1H-Benzoimidazol-5-yl)-(4-substituted-phenyl)-amine derivatives that are useful in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, such as cancer and inflammation, in mammals.
• This invention also relates to a method of using such compounds in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases in mammals, especially humans, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
• MAP kinase pathways are important regulator of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation.
• growth factors through receptor activation (i.e. PDGF or EGF and others), activate MAP kinase pathways.
• PDGF receptor activation
• MAP kinase pathways One of the most important and most well understood MAP kinase pathways involved in normal and uncontrolled cell growth is the Ras/Raf kinase pathway. Active GTP-bound Ras results in the activation and indirect phosphorylation of Raf kinase.
• Raf then phosphorylates MEB1 and 2 on two serine residues (S218 and S222 for MEK1 and S222 and S226 for MEK2) (Ahn et al., Methods in Enzymology 2001, 332, 417-431).
• Activated MEK then phosphorylates its only known substrates, the MAP kinases, ERK1 and 2.
• ERK phosphorylation by MEK occurs on Y204 and T202 for ERK1 and Y185 and T183 for ERK2 (Ahn et al., Methods in Enzymology 2001, 332, 417-431).
• ERK Phosphorylated ERK dimerizes and then translocates to the nucleus where it accumulates (Khokhlatchev et al., Cell 1998, 93, 605-615). In the nucleus, ERK is involved in several important cellular functions, including but not limited to nuclear transport, signal transduction, DNA repair, nucleosome assembly and translocation, and mRNA processing and translation (Ahn et al., Molecular Cell 2000, 6, 1343-1354). Overall, treatment of cells with growth factors leads to the activation of ERK1 and 2 which results in proliferation and, in some cases, differentiation (Lewis et al., Adv. Cancer Res. 1998, 74, 49-139).
• bRaf mutations have been identified in more than 60% of malignant melanoma (Davies, H. et al., Nature 2002, 417, 949-954). These mutations in bRaf result in a constitutively active MAP kinase cascade. Studies of primary tumor samples and cell lines have also shown constitutive or overactivation of the MAP kinase pathway in cancers of pancreas, colon, lung, ovary and kidney (Hoshino, R. et al., Oncogene 1999, 18, 813-822). Hence, there is a strong correlation between cancers and an overactive MAP kinase pathway resulting from genetic mutations.
• MEK is a key player in this pathway as it is downstream of Ras and Raf. Additionally, it is an attractive therapeutic target because the only known substrates for MEK phosphorylation are the MAP kinases, ERK1 and 2. Inhibition of MEK has been shown to have potential therapeutic benefit in several studies.
• small molecule MEK inhibitors have been shown to inhibit human tumor growth in nude mouse xenografts, (Sebolt-Leopold et al., Nature - Medicine 1999, 5 (7), 810-816; Trachet et al., AACR Apr. 6-10, 2002, Poster #5426; Tecle, H. IBC 2 nd International Conference of Protein Kinases, Sep. 9-10, 2002), block static allodynia in animals (WO 01/05390 published Jan. 25, 2001) and inhibit growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells (Milella et al., J Clin Invest 2001, 108 (6), 851-859).
• This invention provides for alkylated (1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl)-(4-substituted phenyl)-amine compounds of formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof that are useful in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases.
• the present invention relates to compounds of formula I that act as MEK inhibitors.
• a method for treatment of cancer Also provided are formulations containing compounds of formula I and methods of using the compounds to treat a patient in need thereof.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —OR 3 , —C(O)R 3 , —C(O)OR 3 , NR 4 C(O)OR 6 , —OC(O)R 3 , —NR 4 SO 2 R 6 , —SO 2 NR 3 R 4 , —NR 4 C(O)R 3 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(NCN)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 3 R 4 , and
• R 3 is selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, and
• R′, R′′ and R′′′ independently are selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, aryl and arylalkyl;
• R′′′′ is selected from lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, aryl and arylalkyl; or
• R′, R′′, R′′′ or R′′′′ can be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 4 to 10 membered carbocyclic, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; or
• R 3 and R 4 can be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 4 to 10 membered carbocyclic, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —NR′SO 2 R′′′′, —SO 2 NR′R′′, —C(O)R′, —C(O)OR′, —OC(O)R′, —NR′C(O)OR′′′′, —NR′C(O)R′′, —C(O)NR′R′′, —SO 2 R′′′′, —NR′R′′, —NR′C(O)NR′′R′′′, —NR′C(NCN)NR′′R′′′, —OR′, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl,
• R 4 and R 5 independently represent hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
• R 4 and R 5 together with the atom to which they are attached form a 4 to 10 membered carbocyclic, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —NR′SO 2 R′′′′, —SO 2 NR′R′′, —C(O)R′′′′, —C(O)OR′, —OC(O)R′, —NR′C(O)OR′′′′, —NR′C(O)R′′, —C(O)NR′R′′, —SO 2 R′′′′, —NR′R′′, —NR′C(O)NR′′R′′′, —NR′C(NCN)NR′′R′′′, —OR′, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocycl
• R 6 is selected from trifluoromethyl
• R 7 is selected from hydrogen
• W is selected from heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, —C(O)OR 3 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —C(O)NR 4 OR 3 , —C(O)R 4 OR 3 , —C(O)(C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl), —C(O)(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —C(O)(aryl), —C(O)(heteroaryl) and —C(O)(heterocyclyl), each of which is optionally substituted with 1-5 groups independently selected from
• R 8 is selected from hydrogen, —SCF 3 , —Cl, —Br, —F, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —OR 3 , —C(O)R 3 , —C(O)OR 3 , —NR 4 C(O)OR 6 , —OC(O)R 3 , —NR 4 SO 2 R 6 , —SO 2 NR 3 R 4 , —NR 4 C(O)R 3 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 3 R 4 , and
• m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
• j is 1 or 2.
• novel compounds encompassed by the instant invention are those described by the general formula I set forth above, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
• R 7 is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, C 3 -C 7 heterocycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 heterocycloalkylalkyl each of which can be optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from oxo, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —NR 4 SO 2 R 6 , —SO 2 NR 3 R 4 , —C(O)R 3 , —C(O)OR 3 , —OC(O)R 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —NR 4 C(O)OR 6 , —NR 4 C(O)R 3 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(O)NR 3 R
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula I wherein R 8 is —OCF 3 , —Br or —Cl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R 1 is lower alkyl or halogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula I wherein R 9 is hydrogen or halogen, and R 10 is hydrogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula I wherein W is —C(O)OR 3 or —C(O)NR 4 OR 3 .
• R 7 is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, each of which can be optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from oxo, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —NR 4 SO 2 R 6 , —SO 2 NR 3 R 4 , —C(O)R 3 , —C(O)OR 3 , —OC(O)R 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —NR 4 C(O)OR 6 , —NR 4 C(O)R 3 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(NCN)NR 3 R 4 , —OR 3 , aryl,
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula II wherein R 8 is —OCF 3 , —Br or —Cl, and R 1 is lower alkyl or halogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula II wherein R 9 is hydrogen or halogen, and R 10 is hydrogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula II wherein W is —C(O)OR 3 or —C(O)NR 4 OR 3 .
• R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are as defined above for formula I, and A is —OR 3 or —NR 4 OR 3 , wherein R 3 and R 4 are as defined above for formula I.
• R 7 is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, each of which can be optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from oxo, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —NR 4 SO 2 R 6 , —SO 2 NR 3 R 4 , —C(O)R 3 , —C(O)OR 3 , —OC(O)R 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —NR 4 C(O)OR 6 , —NR 4 C(O)R 3 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(NCN)NR 3 R 4 , —OR 3 , aryl,
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula III wherein R 8 is —OCF 3 , —Br or —Cl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R 1 is lower alkyl or halogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula III wherein R 9 is hydrogen or halogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula III wherein R 3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl when A is —OR 3 ; and R 4 is hydrogen when A is —NR 4 OR 3 .
• R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are as defined above for formula I, and A is —OR 3 or —NR 4 OR 3 , wherein R 3 and R 4 are as defined above for formula I.
• R 7 is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, each of which can be optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from oxo, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —NR 4 SO 2 R 6 , —SO 2 NR 3 R 4 , —C(O)R 3 , —C(O)OR 3 , —OC(O)R 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —NR 4 C(O)OR 6 , —NR 4 C(O)R 3 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(NCN)NR 3 R 4 , —OR 3 , aryl
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula IIIa wherein R 8 is —OCF 3 , —Br or —Cl, R 2 is hydrogen, and R 1 is lower alkyl or halogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula IIIa wherein R 9 is hydrogen or halogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula IIIa wherein R 3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl when A is —OR 3 ; and R 4 is hydrogen when A is —NR 4 OR 3 .
• R 7 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are as defined above for formula I
• A is —OR 3 or —NR 4 OR 3 , wherein R 3 and R 4 are as defined above for formula I.
• R 7 is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkylalkyl, each of which can be optionally substituted with 1-3 groups independently selected from oxo, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —NR 4 SO 2 R 6 , —SO 2 NR 3 R 4 , —C(O)R 3 , —C(O)OR 3 , —OC(O)R 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —NR 4 C(O)OR 6 , —NR 4 C(O)R 3 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(O)NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 C(NCN)NR 3 R 4 , —OR 3 , aryl
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula IIIb wherein R 8 is —OCF 3 , —Br or —Cl, and R 1 is lower alkyl or halogen.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula IIIb wherein R 9 is fluoro or chloro.
• the present invention also provides compounds of formula IIIb wherein R 3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl when A is —OR 3 ; and R 4 is hydrogen when A is —NR 4 OR 3 .
• C 1 -C 10 alkyl straight or branched chain alkyl groups having 1-10 carbon atoms, such as, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 3-methylpentyl, heptyl, octyl, and the like.
• Preferred alkyl radicals are C 1-6 alkyl. More preferred alkyl radicals are C 1-3 alkyl.
• C 2 -C 10 alkenyl means straight and branched hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond and includes ethenyl, propenyl, 1-but-3-enyl, 1-pent-3-enyl, 1-hex-5-enyl and the like. More preferred are lower alkenyl having 3-5 carbon atoms.
• C 2 -C 10 alkynyl means straight and branched hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one triple bond and includes ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentyn-2-yl and the like. More preferred are alkynyl having 3-5 carbon atoms.
• halogen in the present invention is meant fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and iodine.
• aryl is meant an aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g., phenyl), multiple rings (e.g., biphenyl), or multiple condensed rings in which at least one is aromatic, (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl), which is optionally mono-, di-, or trisubstituted with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and hydroxy.
• heteroaryl is meant one or more aromatic ring systems of 5-, 6-, or 7-membered rings which includes fused ring systems (at least one of which is aromatic) of 5-10 atoms containing at least one and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
• heteroaryl groups are pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl,
• Heteroaryl groups are optionally mono-, di-, or trisubstituted with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and hydroxy.
• the term “carbocycle”, “carbocyclyl”, “cycloalkyl” or “C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl” refers to saturated carbocyclic radicals having three to ten carbon atoms.
• the cycloalkyl can be monocyclic, or a polycyclic fused system, and can be fused to an aromatic ring. Examples of such radicals include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• the cycloalkyl groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups.
• such cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, mono(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, mono(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• heterocycle or “heterocyclyl” is meant one or more carbocyclic ring systems of 5-, 6-, or 7-membered rings which includes fused ring systems of 4-10 atoms containing at least one and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and with the proviso that the ring of the group does not contain two adjacent O or S atoms.
• a fused system can be a heterocycle fused to an aromatic group.
• Preferred heterocycles include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, homopiperidinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl,
• Spiro moieties are also included within the scope of this definition.
• the foregoing groups, as derived from the groups listed above, may be C-attached or N-attached where such is possible.
• a group derived from pyrrole may be pyrrol-1-yl (N-attached) or pyrrol-3-yl (C-attached).
• a group derived from imidazole may be imidazol-1-yl (N-attached) or imidazol-3-yl (C-attached).
• An example of a heterocyclic group wherein 2 ring carbon atoms are substituted with oxo ( ⁇ O) moieties is 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl.
• heterocycle groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups.
• such heterocycle groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, mono(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, mono(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• arylalkyl means an alkyl moiety (as defined above) substituted with one or more aryl moiety (also as defined above). More preferred arylalkyl radicals are aryl-C 1-3 -alkyls. Examples include benzyl, phenylethyl, and the like.
• heteroarylalkyl means an alkyl moiety (as defined above) substituted with a heteroaryl moiety (also as defined above). More preferred heteroarylalkyl radicals are 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C 1-3 -alkyls. Examples include, oxazolylmethyl, pyridylethyl and the like.
• heterocyclylalkyl means an alkyl moiety (as defined above) substituted with a heterocyclyl moiety (also defined above). More preferred heterocyclylalkyl radicals are 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl-C 1-3 -alkyls. Examples include tetrahydropyranylmethyl.
• cycloalkylalkyl means an alkyl moiety (as defined above) substituted with a cycloalkyl moiety (also defined above). More preferred heterocyclyl radicals are 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl-C 1-3 -alkyls. Examples include cyclopropylmethyl.
• Me means methyl
• Et means ethyl
• Bu means butyl
• Ac means acetyl
• phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable salt(s)”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes salts of acidic and basic groups which may be present in the compounds of the present invention.
• the compounds of the present invention that are basic in nature are capable of forming a wide variety of salts with various inorganic and organic acids.
• acids that may be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of such basic compounds of the present invention are those that form non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmaceutically acceptable anions, such as the acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, calcium, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, dihydrochloride, edislyate, estolate, esylate, ethylsuccinate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, iodide, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate,
• a salt may be formed by treatment of a compound of the present invention with a basic compound, particularly an inorganic base.
• Preferred inorganic salts are those formed with alkali and alkaline earth metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, barium and calcium.
• Preferred organic base salts include, for example, ammonium, dibenzylammonium, benzylammonium, 2-hydroxyethylammonium, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium, phenylethylbenzylamine, dibenzyl-ethylenediamine, and the like salts.
• salts of acidic moieties may include, for example, those salts formed with procaine, quinine and N-methylglusoamine, plus salts formed with basic amino acids such as glycine, ornithine, histidine, phenylglycine, lysine and arginine.
• An especially preferred salt is a sodium or potassium salt of a compound of the present invention.
• a salt is formed by the treatment of a compound of the present invention with an acidic compound, particularly an inorganic acid.
• Preferred inorganic salts of this type may include, for example, the hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric, phosphoric or the like salts.
• Preferred organic salts of this type may include, for example, salts formed with formic, acetic, succinic, citric, lactic, maleic, fumaric, palmitic, cholic, pamoic, mucic, D-glutamic, D-camphoric, glutaric, glycolic, phthalic, tartaric, lauric, stearic, salicyclic, methanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, paratoluenesulfonic, sorbic, puric, benzoic, cinnamic and the like organic acids.
• An especially preferred salt of this type is a hydrochloride or sulfate salt of a compound of the present invention.
• R 4 and R 5 may vary with each iteration of m or t above 1.
• R 4 and R 5 may equal —CH 2 CH 2 — or —CH(CH 3 )C(CH 2 CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )— or any number of similar moieties falling within the scope of the definitions of R 4 and R 5 .
• Certain compounds of the present invention may have asymmetric centers and therefore exist in different enantiomeric forms. All optical isomers and stereoisomers of the compounds of the present invention, and mixtures thereof, are considered to be within the scope of the invention. With respect to the compounds of the present invention, the invention includes the use of a racemate, one or more enantiomeric forms, one or more diastereomeric forms, or mixtures thereof. The compounds of the present invention may also exist as tautomers. This invention relates to the use of all such tautomers and mixtures thereof.
• the subject invention also includes isotopically-labeled compounds, which are identical to those recited in the present invention, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.
• isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine and chloride, such as 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 17 O, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, and 36 Cl, respectively.
• isotopically labeled compound of the present invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples and Preparations below, by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.
• This invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of formulas I-IIIb and methods of treating proliferative disorders, or abnormal cell growth, by administering prodrugs of compounds of the the present invention.
• Compounds of the present invention having free amino, amido, hydroxy or carboxylic groups can be converted into prodrugs.
• Prodrugs include compounds wherein an amino acid residue, or a polypeptide chain of two or more (e.g., two, three or four) amino acid residues is covalently joined through an amide or ester bond to a free amino, hydroxy or carboxylic acid group of compounds of the present invention.
• the amino acid residues include but are not limited to the 20 naturally occurring amino acids commonly designated by three letter symbols and also includes 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, demosine, isodemosine, 3-methylhistidine, norvaline, beta-alanine, ganuna-aminobutyric acid, cirtulline, homocysteine, homoserine, omithine and methionine sulfone. Additional types of prodrugs are also encompassed. For instance, free carboxyl groups can be derivatized as amides or alkyl esters.
• Free hydroxy groups may be derivatized using groups including but not limited to hemisuccinates, phosphate esters, dimethylaminoacetates, and phosphoryloxymethyloxycarbonyls, as outlined in Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 1996, 19, 115.
• Carbamate prodrugs of hydroxy and amino groups are also included, as are carbonate prodrugs, sulfonate esters and sulfate esters of hydroxy groups.
• acyl group may be an alkyl ester, optionally substituted with groups including but not limited to ether, amine and carboxylic acid functionalities, or where the acyl group is an amino acid ester as described above, are also encompassed.
• Prodrugs of this type are described in J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 10. Free amines can also be derivatized as amides, sulfonamides or phosphonamides. All of these prodrug moieties may incorporate groups including but not limited to ether, amine and carboxylic acid functionalities.
• radical arylalkyl is attached to the structure in question by the alkyl group.
• the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• said pharmaceutical composition is for the treatment of cancer such as brain, lung, squamous cell, bladder, gastic, pancreatic, breast, head, neck, renal, kidney, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, esophageal, testicular, gynecological or thyroid cancer.
• said pharmaceutical composition is for the treatment of a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e.g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e.g.,benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).
• a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e.g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e.g.,benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).
• the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of pancreatitis or kidney disease (including proliferative glomerulonephritis and diabetes-induced renal disease) or the treatment of pain in a mammal which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention of blastocyte implantation in a mammal which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease related to vasculogenesis or angiogenesis in a mammal which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• said pharmaceutical composition is for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of tumor angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, skin diseases such as psoriasis, excema, and scleroderma, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, hemangioma, glioma, melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon and epidermoid cancer.
• a disease selected from the group consisting of tumor angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, skin diseases such as psoriasis, excema, and scleroderma, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, hemangioma,
• the invention also relates to a method of treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal that comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof.
• said method relates to the treatment of cancer such as brain, lung, squamous cell, bladder, gastic, pancreatic, breast, head, neck, renal, kidney, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, esophageal, testicular, gynecological or thyroid cancer.
• said method relates to the treatment of a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e.g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e.g.,benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).
• a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e.g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e.g.,benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).
• the invention also relates to a method for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal that comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof, in combination with an anti-tumor agent selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, and anti-androgens.
• an anti-tumor agent selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, and anti-androgens.
• the invention also relates to a method of treating pancreatitis or kidney disease in a mammal that comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof.
• the invention also relates to a method of preventing blastocyte implantation in a mammal that comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof.
• the invention also relates to a method of treating diseases related to vasculogenesis or angiogenesis in a mammal that comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or hydrate thereof.
• said method is for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of tumor angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, skin diseases such as psoriasis, excema, and scleroderma, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, hemangioma, glioma, melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon and epidermoid cancer.
• a disease selected from the group consisting of tumor angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, skin diseases such as psoriasis, excema, and scleroderma, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, hemangioma,
• Patients that can be treated with compounds of the present invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and hydrates of said compounds, according to the methods of this invention include, for example, patients that have been diagnosed as having psoriasis, restenosis, atherosclerosis, BPH, lung cancer, bone cancer, CMML, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the head and neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, testicular, gynecologic tumors (e.g., uterine sarcomas, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina or carcinoma of the vulva), Hodgkin's disease, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system (e.g., cancer of the thyroid, parathyroid or
• This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting abnormal cell growth in a mammal which comprises an amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate or prodrug thereof, in combination with an amount of a chemotherapeutic, wherein the amounts of the compound, salt, solvate, or prodrug, and of the chemotherapeutic are together effective in inhibiting abnormal cell growth.
• chemotherapeutics are presently known in the art.
• the chemotherapeutic is selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, and anti-androgens.
• This invention further relates to a method for inhibiting abnormal cell growth in a mammal or treating a hyperproliferative disorder which method comprises administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate or prodrug thereof, in combination with radiation therapy, wherein the amounts of the compound, salt, solvate, or prodrug, is in combination with the radiation therapy effective in inhibiting abnormal cell growth or treating the hyperproliferative disorder in the mammal.
• Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art, and these techniques can be used in the combination therapy described herein.
• the administration of the compound of the invention in this combination therapy can be determined as described herein.
• this invention further relates to a method for sensitizing abnormal cells in a mammal to treatment with radiation which comprises administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate or prodrug thereof, which amount is effective is sensitizing abnormal cells to treatment with radiation.
• the amount of the compound, salt, or solvate in this method can be determined according to the means for ascertaining effective amounts of such compounds described herein.
• the invention also relates to a method of and to a pharmaceutical composition of inhibiting abnormal cell growth in a mammal which comprises an amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, a prodrug thereof, or an isotopically-labeled derivative thereof, and an amount of one or more substances selected from anti-angiogenesis agents, signal transduction inhibitors, and antiproliferative agents.
• Anti-angiogenesis agents such as MMP-2 (matrix-metalloprotienase 2) inhibitors, MMP-9 (matrix-metalloprotienase 9) inhibitors, and COX-II (cyclooxygenase II) inhibitors, can be used in conjunction with a compound of the present invention and pharmaceutical compositions described herein.
• MMP-2 matrix-metalloprotienase 2
• MMP-9 matrix-metalloprotienase 9 inhibitors
• COX-II cyclooxygenase II
• Examples of useful COX-II inhibitors include CELEBREXTM (alecoxib), valdecoxib, and rofecoxib.
• Examples of useful matrix metalloprotienase inhibitors are described in WO 96/33172 (published Oct. 24, 1996), WO 96/27583 (published Mar. 7, 1996), European Patent Application No.
• MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1. More preferred, are those that selectively inhibit MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 relative to the other matrix-metalloproteinases (i.e., MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, and MMP-13).
• MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, and MMP-13 matrix-metalloproteinases
• MMP inhibitors useful in the present invention are AG-3340, RO 32-3555, and RS 13-0830.
• abnormal cell growth and “hyperproliferative disorder” are used interchangeably in this application.
• abnormal cell growth refers to cell growth that is independent of normal regulatory mechanisms (e.g., loss of contact inhibition). This includes, for example, the abnormal growth of: (1) tumor cells (tumors) that proliferate by expressing a mutated tyrosine kinase or overexpression of a receptor tyrosine kinase; (2) benign and malignant cells of other proliferative diseases in which aberrant tyrosine kinase activation occurs; (3) any tumors that proliferate by receptor tyrosine kinases; (4) any tumors that proliferate by aberrant serine/threonine kinase activation; and (5) benign and malignant cells of other proliferative diseases in which aberrant serine/theroine kinase activation occurs.
• treating means reversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, or preventing the disorder or condition to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of such disorder or condition.
• treatment refers to the act of treating as “treating” is defined immediately above.
• Representative compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to the compounds of the examples and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts or prodrugs thereof.
• Scheme 1 illustrates the synthesis of compounds of the present invention.
• the acid is nitrated using standard conditions preferable fuming nitric acid in H 2 SO 4 .
• the aniline is prepared by fluoride displacement with NH 4 OH at room temperature in water followed by careful acidification with concentrated mineral acid to pH near 0.
• the ester is prepared by standard methods including by not limited to Fisher Esterification (MeOH, H 2 SO 4 ), and reaction with TMSCHN 2 in suitable organic solvents like PhMe/MeOH or THF/MeOH.
• the dianilino derivative is prepared by heating (60 to 200° C.) the ester with an excess of the appropriate aniline neat or in an organic solvent like xylenes.
• step 5 the preferred method is stirring the ester with 10 equivalents aniline in xylenes at reflux until complete reaction.
• the nitro arene is reduced to produce the diamine by standard reduction conditions, including by not limited to H 2 , and Pd/C or Pd(OH) 2 /C or Raney Nickel in organic solvent like EtOH or THF, Fe in AcOH, Zn in AcOH or Zn, NH 4 Cl (aq) in MeOH.
• step 6 the diamine is cyclization by heating with formic acid neat or formamidine acetate in an appropriate solvent like EtOH.
• the nitro arene can be converted directly to the benzimidazole in step 7 by heating in formic acid with Pd(OH) 2 /C or other palladium source like Pd/C.
• a halide can be incorporated by standard methods, including but not limited to NBS or NCS and pTsOH in organic cosolvents like THF and MeOH.
• the benzimidazole is alkylated to give a near equal mixture of N1 and N3 products which are separable by standard techniques, including, for example, chromatography and trituration.
• the alkylation is accomplished by use of an alkylating agent like an alkyl halide and base like NaH, or K 2 CO 3 in suitable organic solvent like DMF or THF at temperatures ranging from 0 to 80° C.
• R 7 can be further modified by various synthetic methods known in the art, as exemplified below.
• the ester is hydrolysized by standard saponification methods.
• the acid is then converted to the desired hydroxamate in step 11 by standard coupling procedures including but not limited to EDCI, HOBt or PyBOP and the appropriate hydroxylamine in suitable organic solvents like DMF, THF or methylene chloride.
• Scheme 2 illustrates an example in which the R 8 substituent is on the aniline prior to the coupling procedure with the nitro ester.
• the reaction description is exactly like that for Scheme 1 except that there is no need to incorporated R 8 as it is present in the aniline from the beginning.
• step 3 the preparation of N3 alkyl amino benzimidazole derivatives is illustrated.
• step 1 the terminal alkene of the N3 alkylated benzimidazole hydroxamate is dihydroxylated using a suitable oxidant like OsO 4 in suitable solvent or KMnO 4 or I 2 , AgOAc, AcOH, water.
• the diol is then further oxidized in step 2 by NaIO 4 or Pb(OAc) 4 in suitable biphasic mixture to give the aldehyde.
• step 3 the alkene can be directly converted to the aldehyde by standard methods including but not limited to ozone/Me 2 S, NaIO 4 /OsO 4 or KMnO 4 .
• the amine is prepared by reductive amination using standard methods such as Na(CN)BH 3 , Na(OAc) 3 BH, NMe 4 BH(OAc) 3 with or without AcOH in a suitable solvent such as methylene chloride, acetonitrile or THF.
• a suitable solvent such as methylene chloride, acetonitrile or THF.
• the preferable reduction amination is to treat the aldehyde with amine, Me 4 NBH(OAc) 3 and acetic acid in MeCN at room temperature.
• Scheme 4 illustrates the preparation of compounds of the present invention where W is heterocyclic.
• the methyl ester is converted to the hydrazide by stirring with hydrazine in a suitable solvent like EtOH at temperatures from 50 to 100° C.
• the desired heterocyclic derivative is then prepared by cyclization with the appropriate reagent.
• the hydrazide is treated with an orthoformate like triethyl orthoformate, and an acid catalyst like pTsOH in a suitable organic solvent like EtOH at elevated temperatures (50-100° C.).
• the hydrazide can be cyclized with phosgene or a phosgene equivalent like triphosgene or carbonyl diimidazole in a suitable organic solvent like toluene at temperatures ranging from 50 to 120° C.
• the mercapto oxadizaole 23 can be prepared by reaction with carbon disulfide, and base like KOH in suitable organic solvent like EtOH at elevated temperatures (50-100° C.).
• the amino oxadiazole 24 can be made by reaction with BrCN and base like NaHCO 3 , in a suitable biphasic solvent system like dioxane and water at room temperature.
• the substituted amino oxadiazole 25 can be prepared by first reacting the hydrazide with an appropriate isothiocyanate in a suitable organic solvent like DMF or THF at temperatures ranging from 25 to 100° C.
• the intermediate can be isolated or can be cyclized directly with the treatment of EDCI or other carbodiimide in suitable organic solvent like THF or DMF at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 80° C.
• step 1 the methyl ester is converted to the benzyl alcohol by standard reductive methods, preferably LAH in THF at 0° C. or NaBH 4 in EtOH:THF at room temperature. Oxidation to the aldehyde can be accomplished in step 2 using MnO 2 in acetone:THF at 50° C.
• step 3 organometallic reageants, such as organolithium reagents and Grignard reagents, can be added to the aldehyde in THF at low temperature (e.g., ⁇ 78° C.) to give the substituted benzyl alcohol.
• the keto derivatives can be prepared in step 4 by oxidation of the benyzl alcohol under standard conditions such as Swem or Dess-Martin oxidation.
• the compounds of the present invention may have asymmetric carbon atoms.
• Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, by chromatography or fractional crystallization.
• Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomer mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., alcohol), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers. All such isomers, including diastereomeric mixtures and pure enantiomers are considered as part of the invention.
• the activity of the compounds of the present invention may be determined by the following procedure. N-terminal 6 His-tagged, constitutively active MEK1 (2-393) is expressed in E. coli and protein is purified by conventional methods (Ahn et al., Science 1994, 265, 966-970). The activity of MEK1 is assessed by measuring the incorporation of ⁇ - 33 P-phosphate from ⁇ - 33 P-ATP onto N-terminal His tagged ERK2, which is expressed in E. coli and is purified by conventional methods, in the presence of MEK1. The assay is carried out in 96-well polypropylene plate.
• the incubation mixture (100 ⁇ L) comprises of 25 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM ⁇ -glycerolphosphate, 100 ⁇ M Na-orthovanadate, 5 mM DTT, 5 nM MEK1, and 1 ⁇ M ERK2.
• Inhibitors are suspended in DMSO, and all reactions, including controls are performed at a final concentration of 1% DMSO. Reactions are initiated by the addition of 10 ⁇ M ATP (with 0.5 gCi ⁇ - 33 P-ATP/well) and incubated at ambient temperature for 45 minutes. Equal volume of 25% TCA is added to stop the reaction and precipitate the proteins.
• Precipitated proteins are trapped onto glass fiber B filterplates, and excess labeled ATP washed off using a Tomtec MACH III harvester. Plates are allowed to air-dry prior to adding 30 ⁇ L/well of Packard Microscint 20, and plates are counted using a Packard TopCount. In this assay, compounds of the invention exhibited an IC 50 of less than 50 micromolar.
• Administration of the compounds of the present invention can be effected by any method that enables delivery of the compounds to the site of action. These methods include oral routes, intraduodenal routes, parenteral injection (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion), topical, and rectal administration.
• an effective dosage is in the range of about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kg body weight per day, preferably about 1 to about 35 mg/kg/day, in single or divided doses. For a 70 kg human, this would amount to about 0.05 to 7 g/day, preferably about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In some instances, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effect, provided that such larger doses are first divided into several small doses for administration throughout the day.
• the active compound may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve one or more other anti-tumor substances, for example those selected from, for example, mitotic inhibitors, for example vinblastine; alkylating agents, for example cis-platin, carboplatin and cyclophosphamide; anti-metabolites, for example 5-fluorouracil, cytosine arabinside and hydroxyurea, or, for example, one of the preferred anti-metabolites disclosed in European Patent Application No.
• mitotic inhibitors for example vinblastine
• alkylating agents for example cis-platin, carboplatin and cyclophosphamide
• anti-metabolites for example 5-fluorouracil, cytosine arabinside and hydroxyurea, or, for example, one of the preferred anti-metabolites disclosed in European Patent Application No.
• the pharmaceutical composition may, for example, be in a form suitable for oral administration as a tablet, capsule, pill, powder, sustained release formulations, solution, suspension, for parenteral injection as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository.
• the pharmaceutical composition may be in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of precise dosages.
• the pharmaceutical composition will include a conventional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient and a compound according to the invention as an active ingredient. In addition, it may include other medicinal or pharmaceutical agents, carriers, adjuvants, etc.
• Exemplary parenteral administration forms include solutions or suspensions of active compounds in sterile aqueous solutions, for example, aqueous propylene glycol or dextrose solutions. Such dosage forms can be suitably buffered, if desired.
• Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert diluents or fillers, water and various organic solvents.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may, if desired, contain additional ingredients such as flavorings, binders, excipients and the like.
• excipients such as citric acid
• disintegrants such as starch, alginic acid and certain complex silicates
• binding agents such as sucrose, gelatin and acacia.
• lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc are often useful for tableting purposes.
• Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed in soft and hard filled gelatin capsules.
• Preferred materials include lactose or milk sugar and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
• active compound may be combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring matters or dyes and, if desired, emulsifying agents or suspending agents, together with diluents such as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, or combinations thereof.
• the starting materials and various intermediates may be obtained from commercial sources, prepared from commercially available organic compounds, or prepared using well known synthetic methods.
• Step B 4-Amino-2,3-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3
• Step C 4-Amino-2,3-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 4
• Step D 4-Amino-3-fluoro-5-nitro-2-o-tolylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 5a
• Step E 7-Fluoro-6-o-tolylamino-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7a
• Step F 7-Fluoro-6-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8a
• Step G 7-Fluoro-6-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 10a
• Step H 7-Fluoro-6-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 11a
• Step A 4-Amino-3-fluoro-5-nitro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 26a
• Step B 7-Fluoro-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 27a
• Step A 6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 28a
• Step B 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8b
• reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of aqueous saturated sodium bisulfite solution and diluted with ethyl acetate and water and the layers separated.
• the aqueous layer is extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the resulting solid residue is triturated with methylene chloride to yield a white solid which is collected by filtration to yield 1.05 g (85%) of the pure desired product.
• Step A 4-Amino-3-fluoro-2-(2-fluoro-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 5b
• Step B 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8d
• Step A 4-Amino-3-fluoro-2-(2-methyl-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylamino)-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 12a
• Step B 7-Fluoro-6-(2-methyl-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylamino)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8f
• Hydroxylamines useful for synthesizing compounds of the present invention may be prepared as follows
• Step A 2-(2-Methoxy-ethoxy)-isoindole-1,3-dione
• Step B O-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-hydroxylamine
• O-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethyl)-hydroxylamine is purified by Kugelrohr distillation (chamber temperature 140° C., 1 torr).
• O-(2-Methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-hydroxylamine is purified by vacuum distillation (76-78° C., 20 torr).
• O-(2-Phenylsulfanyl-ethyl)-hydroxylamine is used directly without purification.
• O-(2-Benzenesulfonyl-ethyl)-hydroxylamine is purified by flash chromatography (1% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ).
• O-(3-Phenylsulfanyl-propyl)-hydroxylamine is prepared from PhSCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Br and N-hydroxyphthalimide by the patent procedure WO 0018790 and then is deprotected by the procedure described above and used directly without purification.
• O-(3-Benzenesulfonyl-propyl)-hydroxylamine is prepared from the above isoindole-1,3-dione through its oxidation with oxone followed by deprotection as described above and is purified by flash chromatography (100% CH 2 Cl 2 to 2% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ).
• Step A O-(2-Bromo-ethyl)-hydroxylamine hydrobromide
• 2-(2-Bromo-ethoxy)-isoindole-1,3-dione is prepared from 1,2-dibromoethane and N-hydroxyphthalimide as described in WO 0018790, and is then subjected to the procedure in J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1604 to yield the desired product.
• Step B (2-Bromo-ethoxy)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
• Step C (2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
• Step D O-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-hydroxylamine dihydrochloride
• the isoindole-1,3-dione intermediates of the following hydroxylamines are prepared from the appropriate alkyl halide and N-hydroxyphthalimide by the procedure described within J. Heterocyclic Chem. 2000, 37, 827-830.
• the isoindole-1,3-diones are deprotected by the procedure described above: O-but-3-enyl-hydroxylamine; O-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-hydroxylamine; O-(3-methoxy-propyl)-hydroxylamine; and O-(3-benzyloxy-propyl)-hydroxylamine.
• Step A 4-Amino-2-(2-chloro-phenylamino)-3-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 5b
• Step B 4,5-Diamino-2-(2-chloro-phenylamino)-3-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester 6a
• Step C 6-(2-Chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7b
• Step D 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8b
• Step E 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 10b
• Step F 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide (11b)
• Step A 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 9a and 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester
• Step B 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 10c
• aqueous solution is acidified to pH 2 by the addition of 1.0 M aqueous HCl and extracted with 1:1 tetrahydrofuran/ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ ), dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 43 mg (79%) pure carboxylic acid as an off white solid.
• Step C 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide 29a
• reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water (3 ⁇ ), saturated potassium carbonate (2 ⁇ ), saturated ammonium chloride (2 ⁇ ), brine, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure to an off-white solid. Trituration of the solid with diethyl ether provides 2.18 g (90%) desired product as an off-white solid. MS ESI (+) m/z 483, 485 (M+ Br pattern) detected.
• Step D 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide 29c
• Step A 6-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-pent-4-enyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 9b
• the organic layer is washed with water and brine, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the N3 and N1 alkylated products are separated by flash column chromatography, eluted with 20:1 methylene chloride:ethyl acetate. Complete separation of the isomers is obtained by performing two chromatographic separations.
• the higher R f product is the N3 product 9b, while the lower R f product is the N1 product.
• the recovery of the N3 product 9b is 0.415 g (38%): LC/MS ESI (+) m/z 448, 446 (M+1 Br pattern) detected.
• the recovery of the N1 product was 0.486 g (45%): LC/MS ESI (+) m/z 448, 446 (M+1 Br pattern) detected.
• Step B 6-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-pent-4-enyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 10d
• Step C 6-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-pent-4-enyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 11f
• Step D 6-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-3-(4,5-dihydroxy-pentyl)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 11m
• reaction mixture is filtered through Celite rinsing with ethyl acetate and methylene chloride.
• the filtrate is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with 0.01 N HCl, and brine.
• the organic layer is dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the crude product is purified by FCC eluted with 9:1 ethyl acetate:MeOH to give 0.244 g (74%) pure desired product.
• Step E 6-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(4-oxo-butyl)-3H benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 11n
• Step F 6-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-[4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-butyl]-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 11o
• step F The following compounds are prepared by methods similar to those described in Example 19 by using the appropriate alkenyl substituted benzimidazole and the appropriate amine in the reductive amination (step F): 18a 18b 18c 18d 18e 18f 18g 18h 18i 18j 18k 18l 18m 18n 18o 18p 18q 18r 18s 18t 18u 18v 18w 18x 18y 18z 18aa 18bb
• Step A 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester
• Step B 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-3-(2-carboxy-ethyl)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester TFA salt
• Step C 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester
• Step D 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid
• Step E 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 18hhh
• Step A 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 11q
• Step B 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 11r
• reaction mixture is poured into a separatory funnel and diluted with ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran and water and the layers separated.
• the aqueous layer is extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the combined organic layers are washed with brine, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 0.11 g (100%) of the pure desired product as a white solid.
• Step C 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide 11s
• O-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-hydroxylamine (0.028 g, 0.27 mmol) and EDCI (0.056 g, 0.29 mmol) are added and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature under N 2 until HPLC shows the reaction is complete (2-3 days).
• the reaction mixture is poured into a separatory funnel, diluted with ethyl acetate and water and the layers separated. The ethyl acetate layer is washed successively with aqueous saturated NH 4 Cl (2 ⁇ ), brine (1 ⁇ ), aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate (2 ⁇ ), water (1 ⁇ ), and brine (1 ⁇ ), dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• Step D 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide 11p
• Step A 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 11cc
• Step B 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 11bb
• 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 11cc is subjected to methods previously described to give 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide: MS APCI (+) m/z 561, 559 (M+ Br pattern) and MS APCI ( ⁇ ) m/z 559, 557 (M ⁇ Br pattern) detected; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) ⁇ 11.75 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H),
• Step A 6-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid hydrazide 20a
• Step B [6-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-(4-bromo-2-methyl-phenyl)-amine 24a
• [0312] [6-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-amine 24b is prepared as described in example 31 starting with 6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8e.
• [0315] [6-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenyl)-amine 24c is prepared as described in example 31 starting with 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8b.
• 6-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid hydrazide 20b is prepared as described in example 31, step A from 6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8e.
• the reaction mixture is poured into a separatory funnel and diluted with ethyl acetate and water and the layers separated.
• the ethyl acetate layer is washed successively with aqueous saturated NH 4 Cl (2 ⁇ ), brine (1 ⁇ ), aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate (2 ⁇ ), water (1 ⁇ ), and brine (1 ⁇ ), dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the resulting solid is purified by FCC (cluting with 19:1 methylene chloride:methanol) to yield 0.013 g (42%) of the pure desired product.
• the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to a small volume and then filtered through an Acrodisc syringe filter to remove small amounts of MnO 2 that passed through the silica gel.
• the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue is purified by flash column chromatography (eluting with 20:1 methylene chloride:methanol) to yield 0.81 g (85%) of the pure desired product as a bright yellow solid.
• Step A 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-methoxymethoxy-ethanol 10i
• Step B 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-methoxymethoxy-ethanone 10j
• Step C 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-hydroxy-ethanone 10g
• Step A 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-methoxymethoxy-ethanol 101
• Step B 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-methoxymethoxy-ethanone 10m
• reaction mixture is slowly warmed to room temperature, stirred for 5 min at room temperature, and diluted with water and CH 2 Cl 2 .
• the organic layer is separated, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, and concentrated to give the crude product which is directly used without further purification.
• Step C 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-hydroxy-ethanone 10k
• Step A 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-ethoxy-ethanol 10o
• Step B 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-ethoxy-ethanone 10n
• the title compound is prepared from 1-[6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-ethoxy-ethanol 10o according to the procedure described in Example 42, Step B except that the reaction mixture is not treated with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 containing sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate.
• Step A 2-Benzyloxy-1-[6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-ethanol 10r
• Step B 2-Benzyloxy-1-[6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-ethanone 10q
• Step A 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-methanesulfonyl-ethanol 10t
• Step B 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-methanesulfonyl-ethanone 10s
• Step A 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-2-(isopropoxy-dimethyl-silanyl)-ethanol 10v
• Step B 1-[6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-ethane-1,2-diol 10u
• Step A [6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-methanol 10y
• Step B 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carbaldehyde 10z
• reaction mixture is concentrated to dryness and the residue dissolved in 10:1 methylene chloride:MeOH.
• the solution is filtered through a silica gel plug eluted with 10:1 methylene chloride:MeOH.
• the resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to give 41 mg (82%) desired product as a bright yellow solid.
• Step C (4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenyl)-(4-fluoro-6-oxazol-5-yl-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl)-amine 10x
• Step A (4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenyl)- ⁇ 4fluoro-1-(2-methanesulfonyl-ethyl)-6-[4-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-5-yl]-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl ⁇ -amine 10bb
• Step B (4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenyl)-[4-fluoro-6-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl]-amine 10aa
• Step A 3-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 2a
• Step B 4-Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3a
• Step C 4-Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 4a
• Step D 4-Amino-3-chloro-5-nitro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 5c
• Step E 4,5-Diamino-3-chloro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 6b
• Step F 7-Chloro-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7c
• Step G 6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8g
• Step H 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 10dd
• Step I 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 10ee
• N3 and N1 alkylated regioisomers are separated by flash chromatography (EtOAc).
• EtOAc flash chromatography
• Step J 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 10ff
• Step K 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide 10gg
• Step L 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide 10cc
• Step A 4,5-Diamino-3-fluoro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 6c
• Step B 7-Fluoro-2-methyl-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 31a
• Step C 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-2-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide 10ii
• Step A 7-Fluoro-6-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 10jj
• reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of 10% Na 2 S 2 O 4 solution.
• the reaction mixture is then diluted with water and ethyl acetate and the layers separated.
• the aqueous layer is extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the combined organic extracts are dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the recovered solid is triturated with MeOH to give 1.45 g (69%) pure desired product: MS ESI (+) m/z 426 (M+1) detected; MS ESI ( ⁇ ) m/z 424 (M ⁇ 1) detected.
• Step B 7-Fluoro-6-(4-iodo-2-methyl-phenylamino)-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 10kk
• reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of water and brine.
• the reaction mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the combined organic extracts are washed with water and brine, and dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography eluted with 1:1 hexanes:ethyl acetate gives 0.182 g (70%) of desired product as a 1:1 mixture of N1 and N3 isomers as a white foam.
• Step C 6-(4-Cyano-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 10ll
• Step D 6-(4-Cyano-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 10mm
• Step E 6-(4-Cyano-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethyoxy-amide 11zz
• Step F 6-(4-Cyano-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethyoxy-amide 11yy
• Step A 7-Fluoro-6-(2-methyl-4-trimethylsilanylethynyl-phenylamino)-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 11bbb
• Step B 6-(4-Ethynyl-2-methyl-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethoxy-amide 11aaa
• reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 2 hours under N 2 .
• the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, a few drops of H 2 O are added and then it is concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the residue is purified by FCC (eluting with 20:1 methylene chloride:methanol) to yield 0.011 g (65%) of the pure desired product.

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