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US20030186611A1 - Polymer compositions and moulded bodies made therefrom - Google Patents

Polymer compositions and moulded bodies made therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030186611A1
US20030186611A1 US10/204,108 US20410802A US2003186611A1 US 20030186611 A1 US20030186611 A1 US 20030186611A1 US 20410802 A US20410802 A US 20410802A US 2003186611 A1 US2003186611 A1 US 2003186611A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
molded article
sea
polymer composition
cellulose
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/204,108
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English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Zikeli
Thomas Endl
Michael Martl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LL Plant Engineering AG
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to ZIMMER AG reassignment ZIMMER AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ENDL, THOMAS, ZIKELI, STEFAN, MARTL, MICHAEL GERT
Publication of US20030186611A1 publication Critical patent/US20030186611A1/en
Priority to US11/567,021 priority Critical patent/US7951237B2/en
Priority to US13/049,468 priority patent/US8496748B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/448—Yarns or threads for use in medical applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/002—Methods
    • B29B7/007—Methods for continuous mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/885—Adding charges, i.e. additives with means for treating, e.g. milling, the charges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
    • B29B7/92—Wood chips or wood fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D01F2/08—Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
    • D01F2/10—Addition to the spinning solution or spinning bath of substances which exert their effect equally well in either
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
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    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • Y10T442/699—Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polymer composition comprising a biologically degradable polymer, as well as to the use thereof of the production of a molded article, the molded article produced from said polymer composition, a method for the production thereof and the use thereof, and to an article of clothing comprising the molded article in form of fibers.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,766,746 describes a nonwoven fabric made of cellulose fibers, which comprise a flame-resistant phosphoric component.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,007 describes modified rayon fibers, with a modifying agent for improving the dyeing properties of the fibers.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,702 discloses melt-spun, cold-drawn fibers from a synthetic organic polymer with additives.
  • Said additives may be receptors, flame-resistant rendering agents, antistatic agents, stabilizers, mildew inhibitors or antioxidants.
  • NMMNO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
  • lyocell fibers carboxymethylchitin, carboxymethylchitosan or polyethylene imine for improving the fungicidal properties, polyethylene imine for the adsorption of metal ions and dyes, hyaluronic acid for improving the bactericidal properties, xanthene, guar, carubin, bassorin or starch for improving hydrophilicity, water adsorption and water vapor permeability, or starch for the accelerated enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • WO 98/58015 describes a composition contaning fine particles of solid matter for the addition to a formable solution of cellulose in an aqueous tertiary amine oxide.
  • the composition is made of solid particles, tertiary amine oxide, water and at least another substance. Said other substance may be a stabilizer or a dispersing agent.
  • the solid particles may be pigments.
  • JP 1228916 describes a film made of two layers of woven material or nonwoven fabric, between which fine flakes of algae material such as Rhodophyceae are filled by means of adhesives or by hot welding. Thus, a film is obtained which, when used, improves the health.
  • Said film has, however, the disadvantage that the finely grounded (comminuted) algae material is present in hollow spaces between said two layers, so that the algae material escapes when the film is torn and is separated from the environment by the layers.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,421,583 and 4,562,110 describe a method, wherein fiber material is produced from alginate.
  • alginate is obtained from the sea plants by means of an extraction method, and the so obtained soluble alginate is directly spun to form fibers.
  • DE 19544097 describes a method of producing molded articles from polysaccharide mixtures by dissolving cellulose and a second polysaccharide in an organic polysaccharide solvent mixable with water, which may likewise contain a second solvent, by molding the solution under pressure through a nozzle to form molded articles and by solidifying the molded articles by means of coagulation in a coagulating bath.
  • cellulose hexoses with glycosidic 1,4 and 1,6 linkage, uronic acids and starch, especially pullulan, carubin, buaran, hyaluronic acid, pectin, algin, carrageenan or xanthene are mentioned therein as second polysaccharides.
  • a third polysaccharide preferably chitin, chitosan or, respectively, a corresponding derivative may be used.
  • the molded articles obtained according to this method are used as means for binding water and/or heavy metals, as fiber having bactericidal and/or fungicidal properties or as yarn with an increased degradation velocity in the stomach of ruminants.
  • nucleation agents in the production of molded articles from thermoplastic high polymers, especially ⁇ -olefinic polymers is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,367,926.
  • nucleation agents amino acids, the salts thereof and proteins are, inter alia, mentioned.
  • defibrillation agents For reducing the fibrillation tendency in cellulosic molded articles it is known to apply defibrillation agents on the freshly spun or dried fiber in a subsequent treatment step. All previously known defibrillation agents are cross-linking agents.
  • cellulose fibers are treated in an alkaline medium with a chemical reagent comprising 2 to 6 functional groups capable of reacting with cellulose, in order to reduce the fibrillation tendency.
  • the object of the present invention to provide a polymer composition containing an additive, with a good stability and proccesability, as well as a molded article produced therefrom having a small fibrillation tendency, and a method for the production thereof.
  • the object is additionally solved by a polymer composition
  • a polymer composition comprising a biologically degradable polymer and at least two components selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions, by a molded article produced therefrom and by a method for the production thereof according to claims 7 to 25.
  • the biologically degradable polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose, modified cellulose, latex, vegetable or animal protein, especially cellulose, and mixtures thereof. Polyamides, polyurethanes and mixtures thereof may likewise be used, as far as they are biologically degradable.
  • the polymer composition according to the invention and the molded article produced therefrom preferably contain no polymers which are not biologically non-degradable, or mixtures thereof.
  • the polymer compositions according to the invention may also contain polymers which are not biologically degradable.
  • Certain polymer solvents such as DMAc, DMSO or DMF etc. can also solve synthetic polymers such as aromatic polyamides (aramides), polyacrylonitrile (PACN) or polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), which, again, may be combined to form polymer compositions in combination with known cellulose solvents such as LiCl/DMAc, DMSO/PF, tertiary amine oxides/water.
  • Examples for modified cellulose include carboxethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, nitrate cellulose, copper cellulose, viscose xanthogenate, cellulose carbamate and cellulose acetate.
  • Examples for fibers from polycondensation and polymerization products are polyamides substituted with methyl, hydroxy or benzyl groups.
  • Examples for polyurethanes are those formed on the basis of polyesterpolyolen.
  • the sea plant material is preferably selected from the group consisting of algae, kelp and seaweed, especially algae.
  • algae include brown algae, green algae, red algae, blue algae or mixtures thereof.
  • brown algae are Ascophyllum spp., Ascophyllum nodosum, Alaria esculenta, Fucus serratus, Fucus spiralis, Fucus vesiculosus, Laminaria saccharine, Laminaria hyperborea, Laminaria digitata, Laminaria echroleuca and mixtures thereof.
  • red algae include Asparagopsis armata, Chondrus cripus, Maerl beaches, Mastocarpus stellatus, Palmaria palmata and mixtures thereof.
  • Examples for green algae are Enteromorpha compressa, Ulva rigida and mixtures thereof, Examples for blue algae are Dermocarpa, Nostoc, Hapalosiphon, Hormogoneae, Porchlorone.
  • a classification of algae can be inferred from the Botanic Textbook for Colleges [ Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hoch Anlagenn ] E. Strasburger; F. Noll; H. Schenk; A. F. W. Schimper; 33. edition, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart-Jena-New York; 1991.
  • the sea plant material can be obtained in different ways. At first, it is harvested, whereby there are three different harvesting methods:
  • the sea plant material obtained according to the third method has the best quality and is rich in vitamins, minerals, minor elements and polysaccharides.
  • the sea plant material harvested according to this method is preferably used.
  • the harvested material can be processed in different ways.
  • the sea plant material can be dried at temperatures of up to 450° C. and grounded by using ultrasound, wet ball mills, pin-type mills or counterrotating mills, whereby a powder is obtained, which may, if required, still be subjected to cycloning for the classifying thereof.
  • a so obtained powder may be used according to the invention.
  • Said sea plant material powder may, in addition, be subjected to an extraction method, for instance, with vapor, water or an alcohol such as ethanol, whereby a liquid extract is obtained.
  • Said extract may likewise be used according to the invention.
  • the harvested sea plant material can moreover be subjected to a cryocomminution, whereby it is comminuted into particles of approximately 100 ⁇ m at ⁇ 50° C. If desired, the so obtained material may additionally be comminuted, whereby particles having a size of approximately 6 to approximately 10 ⁇ m are obtained.
  • the material from the outer shell of sea animals is preferably selected out of sea sediments, grounded shells of crabs or mussels, lobsters, crustaceans, shrimps, corals.
  • the material from sea animal shells can, in the case of sea sediments, be used directly. If materials from the shells of crabs or mussels, lobsters, crustaceans, shrimps are used, the same is grounded.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals may be present in the polymer composition and the molded article produced therefrom in an amount of 0.1 to 30 weight-%, preferably 0.1 to 15 weight-%, more preferably 1 to 8 weight-%, especially 1 to 4 weight-%, based on the weight of the biologically degradable polymer.
  • the amount of material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals is preferably 0.1 to 15 weight-%, especially 1 to 5 weight-%.
  • An example for a material from sea plants used according to the invention is a powder from Ascophyllum nodosum having a particle size of 95% ⁇ 40 ⁇ m, which contains 5.7 weight-% protein, 2.6 weight-% fat, 7.0 weight-% fibrous components, 10.7 weight-% humidity, 15.4 weight-% ash and 58.6 weight-% carbohydrates. It moreover contains vitamins and minor elements such as ascorbic acid, tocopherols, carotene, barium, niacin, vitamin K, riboflavin, nickel, vanadium, thiamin, folic acid, folinic acid, biotin and vitamin B 12 .
  • amino acids such as alanine, arginine, asparagic acid, glutamic acid, glycin, leucine, lysine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine and methionine.
  • the polymer composition comprises a biologically degradable polymer and at least two components selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions.
  • the components may be of synthetic nature or of a natural origin. Said components may be used in a dried form or with a humidity, which preferably ranges between 5 and 15%.
  • the polymer composition comprises a biologically degradable polymer and at least three components, especially preferably at least four components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions.
  • the polymer composition comprises especially preferably a biologically degradable polymer and at least two components selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof and amino acids.
  • the at least two components selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions may be present in the polymer composition and the molded article produced therefrom in an amount of 0.1 to 30 weight-%, preferably 0.1 to 15 weight-%, especially in an amount of 4 to 10 weight-%, based on the weight of the biologically degradable polymer.
  • the saccharides may be used in amounts of 0.05 to 9 weight-%, preferably in amounts of 2 to 6 weight-%, the vitamins in amounts of 0.00007 to 0.04 weight-%, preferably in amounts of 0.003 to 0.03 weight-%, the proteins and/or amino acids in amounts of 0.005 to 4 weight-%, preferably in amounts of 0.2 to 0.7 weight-%, and the metal ions and the counterions thereof in amounts of 0.01 to 9 weight-%, preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 1.6 weight-%, based on the weight of the biologically degradable polymer.
  • the biologically degradable polymer is preferably selected from the same group as in the preceding embodiment.
  • the saccharides or the derivatives thereof used may be selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Mixtures containing alginic acid, laminarin, mannitol and methylpentosanes are preferably used.
  • the used proteins contain preferably alanine, arginine, asparagic acid, glutamic acid, glycin, leucine, lysine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine and methionine.
  • amino acids are preferably the same ones contained in the proteins as used.
  • the used vitamins may be selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotene, niacin (vitamin B3), phytonadione (vitamin K), riboflavin, thiamin, folic acid, folinic acid, biotin, retinol (vitamin A), pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12 ).
  • the metal ions may be selected from the group consisting of aluminum, antimony, barium, boron, calcium, chromium, iron, germanium, gold, potassium, cobalt, copper, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, rubidium, selenium, silicon, thallium, titan, vanadium, tungsten, zinc and tin.
  • the counterions of the metal ions may, for example, be fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, phosphate, carbonate and sulfate.
  • the amount of metal ions or, respectively, the pertinent counterions is adjusted such that, when the at least two components or, respectively, the polymer composition are ashed, an ash content in the range of 5-95%, preferably a range of 10-60% is formed.
  • particles of the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions in the particle-size range of 200 to 400 ⁇ m, preferably of 150 to 300 ⁇ m may be used.
  • Smaller sized particles may also be used, such as at 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 7 ⁇ m, especially 1 to 5 ⁇ m (measuring method: laser diffraction apparatus: Sympatec Rhodos).
  • grain size mixtures of a uniform material or, respectively, different algae material may be used.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components in this fineness may be grounded, for instance, with commercially available pin-type mills, whereupon the fine fraction is then separated by means of corresponding classifiers.
  • classifiers Such a classifying process for toner for the development of electrostatic pictures is described in DE 19803107, whereby a fine fraction is classified out of the product at approximately 5 ⁇ m.
  • Jet mills typically comprise a flat cylindrical mill chamber, around which a plurality of jet nozzles distributed about the periphery are arranged.
  • the grinding is substantially based on a mutual exchange of kinetic energy.
  • the disintegration achieved by particle impact is followed by a classifying zone towards the center of the mill chamber, whereby the fine fraction is discharged by means of static or rotating internal or external classifiers.
  • the coarse fraction remains in the milling space by means of centrifugal forces and is further grounded.
  • a portion of the components being hard to mill may be discharged from the milling space through suitable apertures.
  • Corresponding jet mills are described, for example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 1,935,344, in EP 888818, EP 603602, DE 3620440.
  • FIG. 1 A typical particle size distribution is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the molded articles according to the invention can be produced from the polymer composition according to the invention with conventional methods, whereby the biologically degradable polymer and the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions are at first mixed to produce the polymer composition and the molded article can then be produced.
  • the molded article according to the invention especially preferably provided in the form of fibers, most preferably in the form of cellulose fibers.
  • the molded article according to the invention may also be provided in the form of an endless filament, or membrane, or in the form of a hose or a flat film.
  • Methods of producing the cellulose fibers according to the invention such as the lyocell or NMMO methods, the rayon or viscose methods or the carbamate method are known.
  • the lyocell method may be performed according to the following description.
  • a solution from cellulose, NMMNO and water is produced by first forming a suspension from cellulose, NMMNO and water, whereby said suspension is continuously transported by rotating elements over a heat exchange surface in a layer having a thickness of 1 to 20 mm and under a reduced pressure. During this process water is evaporated until a homogenous cellulose solution is formed.
  • the so obtained cellulose solutions may contain an amount of cellulose of 2 to 30 weight-%, an amount of NMMNO of 68 to 82 weight-% and an amount of water of 2 to 17 weight-%.
  • additives like anorganic salts, anorganic oxides, finely distributed organic substances or stabilizers may be added to said solution.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions are then continuously or discontinuously added to the so obtained cellulose solution in the form of powder, a powder suspension or in a liquid form, as extract or suspension.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions may also be added after or during the continuous disintegration of the dry cellulose, e.g. in the form of algae material in the original size, as powder or highly concentrated powder suspension.
  • the powder suspension can be produced in water or any optional solvent in the desired concentration required for the method.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions can be subjected to a pulping process with simultaneous disintegration, or to feed to a refiner.
  • the pulping can be carried out either in water, in caustic solutions or in the solvent required for dissolving the cellulose at a later stage.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions may be added in a solid, powdery, suspension-like or in liquid form.
  • the polymer composition enriched with the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions can be transferred into a moldable extrusion mass.
  • the addition may be carried out discontinuously by obtaining a master batch of the cellulose solution.
  • a master batch of the cellulose solution Preferably the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions is added continuously.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions may be added in any other stage of the production process for the molded article. It can, for instance, be fed into a pipeline system, where it is correspondingly mixed by static mixing elements or, respectively, stirring elements such as known inline refiners or homogenizers, e.g. apparatus from Ultra Turrax, positioned therein. If the process is carried out in the continuous batch operation, e.g. by means of a stirred vessel cascade, the algae material can be introduced in a solid, powdery, suspension-like or liquid form at the point which is optimal for the process. The fine distribution can be achieved with known stirring elements adjusted to the method.
  • the formed incorporated extrusion or spinning mass can be filtrated prior or after the incorporation.
  • the filtration may also be omitted in spinning methods using large nozzle diameters.
  • the material can, in a suited form, directly be fed upstream of the spinning nozzle or the extrusion die via an injection location.
  • the algae material or the at least two components selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions are liquid, it is additionally possible to feed them to the continuously spun thread during the spinning process.
  • the so obtained cellulose solution is spun according to conventional methods such as the dry-jet-wet method, the wet-spinning method, the melt-blown method, the pot spinning method, the funnel spinning method or the dry spinning method.
  • the yarn sheet can also be cooled in the air gap between the nozzle and the coagulating bath by quenching.
  • An air gap of 10-50 mm has proved to be suitable.
  • the parameters for the cooling air are preferably air temperatures of 5-35° C. with a relative humidity of up to 100%.
  • Patent documents U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,125 and 5,939,000 as well as EP 0574870 B1 and WO 98/07911 describe spinning methods for the production of cellulose fibers according to the NMMO method.
  • the formed molded articles are subjected to the conventional subsequent chemical fiber treatment methods for filaments or staple fibers.
  • a cellulose fiber according to the invention with a material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or with at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions, preferably at least three components, especially preferably at least four components.
  • the viscose method can be carried through as follows. Pulp with approximately 90 to 92 weight-% of ⁇ -cellulose is treated with aqueous NaOH. Afterwards the cellulose is transformed into cellulose xanthogenate by means of conversion with carbon disulfide, and a viscose solution is obtained by adding aqueous NaOH under constant stirring. Said viscose solution contains approximately 6 weight-% cellulose, 6 weight-% NaOH and 32 weight-% carbon disulfide, based on the cellulose content.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions are added either as powder or liquid extract.
  • common additives such as surfactants, dispersing agents or stabilizers can be added.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions can, again, be added at any stage of the process.
  • the carbamate method can be carried out as follows.
  • cellulose carbamate is produced from pulp with approximately 90 to 95 weight-% of ⁇ -cellulose, as is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,926 or in DE 19635707.
  • Alkali cellulose is thereby produced from the applied pulp by treating it with aqueous NaOH. After the defibration the alkali cellulose is subjected to maturing and the caustic soda solution is then washed out.
  • the so activated cellulose is mixed with urea and water and is introduced into a solvent in a reactor. The so obtained mixture is heated.
  • the obtained carbamate is separated and a carbamate spinning solution is produced therefrom, which is described in DE 19757958.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions are added to said spinning solution.
  • the so obtained spinning solution is spun to form fibers according to known methods, and cellulose fibers according to the invention are obtained.
  • the cellulose fibers according to the invention show the same excellent properties as cellulose fibers without additives, namely in view of their fineness, breaking force, breaking force variation, elongation, wet elongation, breaking tenacity, wet tenacity, fineness-related loop strength, wet abrasion upon breakage, wet abrasion variation and wet modulus, and have, at the same time, the positive properties conferred by the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions.
  • This is especially surprising, as the addition of additives to spinning masses from cellulose, NMMNO and water has the drawback that the same discolor at the temperature of application, are not resistant to storage and incorporate impurities into the final cellulose products.
  • the pH-value of the produced staple fiber was determined according to the DIN method 54 275.
  • the pH-value of the incorporated fiber increased, which indicates the extraction of ionic fiber components.
  • the fiber according to the invention e.g. a cellulose fiber incorporated with algae, can be applied in a more favorable manner during the subsequent textile treatment of the fiber.
  • Another advantage conferred upon the molded articles according to the invention by the addition of material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions is the homogenous incorporation of the active substances into the fiber matrix with different produceable fiber diameters.
  • the processing as monofilament or endless filament yarn is feasible. This results in a particularly favorable application of technical articles.
  • the molded article according to the invention is produced from a polymer composition containing exclusively biologically degradable material, the complete biological degradability thereof is an advantage.
  • the molded articles according to the invention may be used as packaging material, fiber material, nonwoven fabrics, textile compounds, fibrous webs, fiber fleeces, needlefelts, upholstery cotton wool, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, as home textiles such as bed linen, as filling material, flocking fabric, hospital textiles such as sheets, diapers or mattresses, as fabrics for heating blankets, shoe inserts and dressings. Additional possibilities of using the same are described the Dictionary for textile interior design [Lexikon der textilen Kunststoffung], Buch und stipulate Verlag Buurmann KG, ISBN 3-98047-440-2.
  • a woven fabric is produced from the molded article according to the invention in the form of fibers, it may either consist of said fibers exclusively or contain an additional component.
  • Said additional component can be selected out of the group consisting of cotton wool, lyocell, rayon, carbacell, polyester, polyamide, cellulose acetate, acrylate, polypropylene or mixtures thereof.
  • the fibers containing a material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals are present in the woven fabric preferably in an amount of up to approximately 70 weight-%.
  • the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions are present in the woven fabric preferably in an amount of 1 to 10 weight-%.
  • the molded article is provided in the form of a fibrous material or a woven fabric, articles of clothing such as jumpers, jackets, dresses, suits, t-shirts, underwear or the like can be produced therefrom.
  • the articles of clothing produced from said fibers or woven fabrics according to the invention are extremely comfortable to wear and in general improve the state of health of the individual wearing said article of clothing.
  • the health-improving effect of sea plant materials is, for instance, described in JP 1228916.
  • the pH-value of the skin is positively influenced in as far as it arranges for alkaline and thus healthy conditions on the skin.
  • the skin temperature is increased more when wearing the articles of clothing according to the invention, in contrast to wearing an article of clothing made of fibers without the material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or the at least two components, selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions, whereby a positive effect is exerted on the blood circulation of the skin.
  • the fiber according to the invention passes the active substances on to the body, namely via the liquid present during the wearing in response to the body humidity. Due to the cellulosic material articles of clothing having good breathing properties can thus be produced. Moreover, the active substances can purposively be supplied to the skin, as is common in cosmetics or Thalami therapy. Due to the incorporation the active substances remain in the fiber or the woven fabric for a long time, even after frequent washing.
  • the minor elements and the vitamins supplied via the woven fabric made of the fibers according to the invention can support the body due to the remineralizing, stimulating and heating effect.
  • the fiber according to the invention is provided in the form of staple fibers or disintegrated filaments
  • surfaces of carriers such as woven fabrics or films can be flocked therewith.
  • the surface of the carrier to be flocked is treated with an adhesive and the staple fibers or disintegrated filaments are applied thereon.
  • the fibers were cut to a staple length of 40 mm, were washed free of a solvent and finished with a 10 g/l lubrication (50% Leomin OR-50% Leomin WG (nitrogen-containing fatty acid polyglycol ester Clariant GmbH)) at 45° C. or, respectively, the fat add-on for the better continued processing of the fibers was applied, and dried at 105° C. Subsequent to the drying a fiber humidity of 11% was adjusted. An additional bleaching process prior to the drying was not performed in this case.
  • the spinning solution was produced analogously to comparative example 1.
  • the spinning solution was spun to fibers, whereby, in deviation from comparative example 1, the temperature of the spinning block was adjusted to 95° C. and the temperature of the nozzle to 105° C. In the air gap between the nozzle and the coagulating bath the yarn sheet was quenched with humid air (temperature: 20° C., humidity: 70%).
  • the fibers were cut to a staple length of 40 mm, were washed free of a solvent and finished with a 10 g/l lubrication (50% Leomin OR-50% Leomin WG (nitrogen-containing fatty acid polyglycol ester Clariant GmbH)) at 45° C. or, respectively, the fat add-on for the better continued processing of the fibers was applied, and dried at 105° C. Subsequent to the drying a fiber humidity of 10% was adjusted. An additional bleaching process prior to the drying was not performed in this case.
  • FIG. 2 moreover shows that a spinning solution with 8.5% Laminaria digitata is stable over thermal disintegration up to approximately 200° C.
  • the so obtained fibers were spun to a yarn.
  • the spinning was carried out under the conditions 63% relative air humidity and 20° C. by means of carding, stretching and spinning with a rotor spinning machine, to form 75 g of yarn with approximately 20 tex.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the spinning solution with 1% Laminaria digitata , related to the cellulose content, is stable up to a temperature of approximately 200° C.
  • a cellulose xanthogenate was produced from a mixture of 33 weight-% cellulose, 17 weight-% caustic soda solution and 50 weight-% water by adding 32% carbon disulfide related to cellulose. Thereafter the xanthogenate was transferred by stirring for 2 hours, with the addition of diluted caustic soda solution, into a spinning solution with 6 weight-% cellulose, 6 weight-% NaOH and substantially water and reaction products resulting from the xanthate production. To the so obtained viscose solution 0.9 weight-% of brown algae material were added to the spinning solution. The viscose solution was allowed to stand for approximately 6 hours under a vacuum for degassing and thereupon filtrated. The so obtained viscose solution had a maturity level of 10° Hottenroth and was spun to fibers.
  • the spinning conditions were: Nozzle [n/ ⁇ m] 1,053/60 Hole throughput [g/hole/min.] 0.07 Temperature of coagulating bath [° C.] 30 Sulfuric acid in the coagulating bath [%] 10.8 Sodium sulfate in the coagulating bath [%] 20.0 Zinc sulfate in the coagulating bath [%] 1.5 Drawing-off speed [m/min.] 36
  • Rayon fibers were produced in accordance with example 7, except for the fact that 0.1 weight-% of brown algae material instead of 0.9 weight-% were added to the spinning solution.
  • cellulose carbamate For the production of cellulose carbamate an alkali cellulose was first produced from a chemical pulp with 92-95% alpha-content (Ketchikan). The caustic soda solution was washed out of the matured alkali cellulose (35 weight-% cell; 15 weight-% NaOH; 50 weight-% water) with water. After squeezing out the so activated cellulose (70 weight-% water) 10 kg of the squeezed out activated cellulose were mixed with urea (1.5 kg) in a kneader. The urea is thereby separated in the water contained in the cellulose and is evenly distributed in the cellulose. Said cellulose pulp was transferred into a reactor equipped with stirrer and reflux cooler, into which o-xylol (30 kg) had been fed. The contents in the reactor was then heated for approximately 2 hours at 145° C. and filtered off.
  • Ketchikan alpha-content
  • Stark-solution were produced from 1.02 kg of said carbamate with 1.1 kg caustic soda solution (30 weight-%), 1.30 kg water and with the corresponding amount of brown algae (0.03 kg). All reactants were pre-cooled. The reaction itself took place at a temperature of 0° C. (Composition of the Stark-lye: 11.0 weight-% cell, 9.5 weight-% NaOH).
  • a spinning mass (5 kg) was produced from the cooled Stark-solution by adding 1.55 kg cooled caustic soda solution (3.03 weight-%) at a temperature of 0° C.
  • the cooled spinning mass was filtrated through a filter with degrees of fineness of 10-40 ⁇ m and was spun.
  • Carbacell® fibers were produced in accordance with example 9, except for the fact that 0.1 weight-% of brown algae flour instead of 0.6 weight-% were added to the spinning mass.
  • Carbacell® fibers were produced in accordance with example 9, except for the fact that no brown algae flour was added.
  • Lyocell cellulose fibers were continuously produced in accordance with example 5, whereby the respective amounts, the conditions of the continuously performed process and the physical properties of the obtained fibers are shown in the following table 18.
  • TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Unit 11 12 13 14 15 Pulp Type Alicell Modo Alicell Alicell Alicell VLV Drown VLF VLV VLV Dissolving DP Pulp 9 540 530 540 540 Feed hole kg/h 161.8 161.8 173.0 167.2 161.7 Cellulose % 13.0% 13.0% 12.0% 12.5% 13.0% Water % 10.7% 10.7% 11.3% 11.0% 10.7% NMMO % 76.3% 76.3% 76.7% 76.5% 76.3% Solution flow kg/h 138.5 138.5 150.0 144.0 138.5 Vapor kg/h 23.3 23.3 23.0 23.2 23.3 condensate System pressure mbar 55 55 55 55 55 abs.
  • the fiber produced according to comparative example 1 or 2 according to the standard process shows a splinted break.
  • the fibrillary structure can clearly be recognized on the broken surface.
  • the strong orientation of the fibrilla can be seen on the standing out longitudinal ridges and on the strongly fissured structure along the longitudinal axis.
  • the strongly repressed longitudinal orientation shows that the use according to the invention of material from sea plants and/or shells of sea animals or of at least two components selected from the group consisting of saccharides and the derivatives thereof, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and metal ions results in a smaller fibrillation of the fibers during the production of cellulose fibers.

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CN100376625C (zh) 2008-03-26
ATE283897T1 (de) 2004-12-15
NO330413B1 (no) 2011-04-11
WO2001062844A1 (de) 2001-08-30
CN1660926A (zh) 2005-08-31
CN1404504A (zh) 2003-03-19
KR100524170B1 (ko) 2005-10-25
US7951237B2 (en) 2011-05-31
NO20023945D0 (no) 2002-08-20
CA2399954C (en) 2007-10-16
MY124897A (en) 2006-07-31
CN1246374C (zh) 2006-03-22
ZA200206366B (en) 2005-02-23
US20110200776A1 (en) 2011-08-18
DE10007794A1 (de) 2001-06-28
US8496748B2 (en) 2013-07-30
RU2255945C2 (ru) 2005-07-10
EP1259564B1 (de) 2004-12-01
KR20020087403A (ko) 2002-11-22
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RU2002125112A (ru) 2004-01-10
DE50104685D1 (de) 2005-01-05
AU2001272079A1 (en) 2001-09-03
CA2399954A1 (en) 2001-08-30
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US20070161311A1 (en) 2007-07-12
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NO20023945L (no) 2002-10-21

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