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US20030164713A1 - Product having a sensor and a surface acoustic wave element, as well as a method and arrangement for determining a measurement variable, which corresponds to a reactance, by a sensor - Google Patents

Product having a sensor and a surface acoustic wave element, as well as a method and arrangement for determining a measurement variable, which corresponds to a reactance, by a sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030164713A1
US20030164713A1 US10/230,856 US23085602A US2003164713A1 US 20030164713 A1 US20030164713 A1 US 20030164713A1 US 23085602 A US23085602 A US 23085602A US 2003164713 A1 US2003164713 A1 US 2003164713A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
surface acoustic
acoustic wave
reflector
sensor
measurement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/230,856
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English (en)
Inventor
Franz Dollinger
Gernot Schimetta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DOLLINGER, FRANZ, SCHIMETTA, GERNOT
Publication of US20030164713A1 publication Critical patent/US20030164713A1/en
Priority to US10/780,051 priority Critical patent/US6813947B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/46—Filters
    • H03H9/64—Filters using surface acoustic waves
    • H03H9/6406—Filters characterised by a particular frequency characteristic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/48—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using wave or particle radiation means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/34—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using capacitative elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a product having a sensor, by means of which a measurement variable which corresponds to a reactance and which is within a measurement range can be supplied, having a matching network and having a surface acoustic wave element, with the sensor being connected via the matching network to a first reflector in the surface acoustic wave element, and the first reflector together with the matching network and the sensor forming a resonator.
  • the invention also relates to a method for determining a measurement variable, which corresponds to a reactance, within a measurement range by a sensor, which is connected via a matching network to a first reflector in a surface acoustic wave element, and which, together with the first reflector and the matching network, forms a resonator.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding arrangement.
  • a completely passive sensor module comprising a surface acoustic wave element, an antenna and a sensor as well as any matching networks that may be required promises particular advantages for this purpose.
  • a sensor module such as this does not require its own power supply, since the measurement variable which is determined by the sensor can be checked at any desired time by means of a high-frequency pulse transmitted to the module. This is explained in detail in the articles mentioned initially.
  • a sensor module such as this can be checked by an evaluation appliance at a distance of several meters using radio frequency signals from an appropriate frequency band (for example the frequency band around 434 MHz). Possible sensors include a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, and the sensor module is sufficiently small and compact to allow it to be installed in a conventional automobile tire.
  • the amplitude of the signal which is reflected on the reflector (which is connected to the sensor) of the surface acoustic wave element is the variable to be evaluated for the measurement, and thus governs the achievable measurement resolution.
  • a pressure sensor in particular has a reactance as the measurement variable and can be connected to the reflector via a matching network such that it forms a resonator which allows the amplitude of a surface acoustic wave which is reflected by the reflector to be varied in accordance with the variability of the measurement variable.
  • the evaluation of the amplitude of the reflected surface acoustic wave has the disadvantage that it is necessary to take into account a measurement error which is a function of this amplitude.
  • the amplitude the smaller is the separation between the amplitude and the noise, which is always present, and, in a corresponding way, the poorer is the achievable resolution. Since a minimum separation between the signal and the noise (signal to noise ratio) must not be undershot for sensible evaluation, the measurement dynamic range is thus restricted. There is also a restriction with regard to the distance between the evaluation appliance and the sensor module, since the amplitude which can be received by the evaluation appliance falls as the distance increases. In a corresponding way, the present prior art excludes long range measurements and high resolution measurements.
  • the invention is thus based on the object of specifying a product, a method and an arrangement of the type mentioned initially, each of which avoids the described disadvantages and allows measurement of a measurement variable which corresponds to a reactance, and which measurement is not restricted by the necessity to reach a compromise between the achievable resolution and the achievable range.
  • a product having a sensor, by means of which a measurement variable which corresponds to a reactance and which is within a measurement range can be supplied, having a matching network and having a surface acoustic wave element, with the sensor being connected via the matching network to a first reflector in the surface acoustic wave element, and with the first reflector together with the matching network and the sensor forming a resonator.
  • the resonator has a resonance with respect to a reflection of a surface acoustic wave, which propagates on the surface acoustic wave element, on the first reflector.
  • an arrangement for determining a measurement variable, which corresponds to a reactance, by a sensor, which is connected via a matching network to a first reflector in a surface acoustic wave element, and which, together with the first reflector and the matching network, forms a resonator, which resonator has, for a value of the measurement variable within the measurement range, a resonance with respect to a reflection of a surface acoustic wave, which propagates on the surface acoustic wave element, on the first reflector, comprising means for:
  • the evaluation of an amplitude of a reflected surface acoustic wave is accordingly replaced by an evaluation of a phase of the reflected surface acoustic wave.
  • This requires a specific measure in the sensor module since the variability of the phase as a function of a reactive measurement variable is at its greatest when the relationship between the amplitude of the reflected surface acoustic wave and the measurement variable is at its lowest.
  • the frequency used for checking is a resonant frequency of the resonator that is formed from the sensor, the matching network and the first reflector.
  • the resonance is governed by a maximum reflectivity of the first reflector. This maximizes the amplitude of the reflected surface acoustic wave, which considerably improves the achievable measurement resolution.
  • the resonance is likewise preferable for the resonance to be unique within the measurement range; this also ameliorates any possible low dynamic range of the amplitude of the reflected surface acoustic wave.
  • the measurement variable is preferably a capacitance, thus corresponding to the choice of a capacitive sensor, in particular of a pressure sensor.
  • the matching network is preferably an inductance connected in series with the sensor.
  • the surface acoustic wave element is preferably equipped with a second reflector, which is also preferably not switched.
  • the second reflector is used to form a second reflected surface acoustic wave in addition to the first reflected surface acoustic wave, which has been mentioned.
  • This second reflected surface acoustic wave can be used as a reference signal for determining the phase of the first reflected surface acoustic wave. The phase measurement can thus be carried out largely independently of environmental influences.
  • the surface acoustic wave element prefferably has an electroacoustic transducer, to which an antenna is connected. This allows the surface acoustic wave to be produced by sending a pulsed, incoming electromagnetic radio frequency signal to the antenna; the first reflected surface acoustic wave, or any reflected surface acoustic wave, is also transmitted by being converted by the transducer to an appropriate outgoing electromagnetic signal, which is transmitted via the antenna.
  • an evaluation appliance which is mechanically separate from the sensor and from the surface acoustic wave element is preferably provided, which has a transceiver for producing the incoming electromagnetic signal to be sent to the antenna and to be converted by the transducer, and for receiving every outgoing electromagnetic signal converted by the transducer, as well as a phase discriminator for determining the measurement variable.
  • This phase discriminator can be configured on the basis of the knowledge of a relevantly experienced person employed for this purpose; in the simplest case, the phase of the received signal can be determined relative to the phase of an oscillator which has produced the electromagnetic signal sent to the sensor.
  • a corresponding phase discriminator can be produced using conventional analog radio frequency technology.
  • the phase discriminator may operate such that it first of all stores a respective outgoing electromagnetic signal both for the first reflected surface acoustic wave and for the second reflected surface acoustic wave, and then compares the two stored signals with one another; this may be done using a signal processor which is based on digital technology and is provided with an appropriate program.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement as described above, having a product as described above
  • FIG. 2 shows one specific refinement of the product as shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show measurement results, obtained using a product as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows a product having a sensor 1 , which is connected via a matching network 2 to a surface acoustic wave element 3 , to be precise to a first reflector 4 in this surface acoustic wave element 3 .
  • the first reflector 4 interacts with a surface acoustic wave which is propagating on the surface acoustic wave element 3 , which consists of a piezoelectric substrate, in particular composed of lithium niobate. This takes place in such a way that the surface acoustic wave produces an electrical signal in the first reflector 4 , which signal itself reacts on the piezoelectric substrate, thus forming a first reflected surface acoustic wave. This also propagates on the surface acoustic wave element 3 , starting from the first reflector 4 . This reflection characteristic of the first reflector 4 is dependent on its external circuitry, as provided by the matching network 2 and the sensor 1 .
  • Both the sensor 1 and the matching network 2 are each primarily in the form of a reactance or a network of such reactances.
  • the first reflector 4 together with the matching network 2 and the sensor 1 forms a resonator with regard to reflection of a surface acoustic wave, which is propagating on the surface acoustic wave element 3 , on the first reflector 4 , as indicated above.
  • the resonator has characteristics which vary in accordance with a change in the reactance of the sensor 1 , with this change taking place within a measurement range which is predetermined by the design of the sensor 1 .
  • the reactance of the sensor 1 is the desired measurement variable.
  • the resonator is designed such that, for a value of the measurement variable within the measurement range, it has a resonance with regard to a reflection of a surface acoustic wave, which propagates on the surface acoustic wave element 3 , on the first reflector 4 .
  • This has the advantage that the phase of the first reflected surface acoustic wave produced by the reflection varies with the measurement variable, although the amplitude of the first reflected surface acoustic wave remains comparatively constant.
  • the resonance is expediently governed by a maximum reflectivity of the first reflector, so that, on entering resonance, the amplitude of the first reflected surface acoustic wave is at a maximum. This ensures that the amplitude of the first reflected surface acoustic wave is as high as possible over the entire measurement range.
  • the same purpose is served by the resonance being unique within the measurement range, since two directly successive resonances of an electromagnetic circuit always have the characteristic that one resonance is governed by the maximum amplitude, and the other resonance is governed by the minimum amplitude.
  • a single resonance with maximum reflectivity as described ensures that the reflected surface acoustic wave has as high an amplitude as possible over the entire measurement range.
  • the surface acoustic wave element 3 also has a second reflector 5 , which is not switched.
  • This second reflector 5 forms a second reflected surface acoustic wave, and the phase of the first reflected surface acoustic wave which is desired for determining the measurement variable is expediently determined by comparison with the phase of the second reflected surface acoustic wave, which is always constant owing to the lack of circuitry for the second reflector 5 .
  • the second reflected surface acoustic wave may, if necessary, also be used in order to preclude any disturbance influence, for example resulting from a fluctuating temperature of the surface acoustic wave element 3 .
  • the surface acoustic wave element 3 also has an electroacoustic transducer 6 .
  • the transducer 6 is used to transform an electromagnetic signal, which arrives via the antenna 7 , into a surface acoustic wave, which then propagates to the first reflector 4 and to the second reflector 5 , and to convert the reflected surface acoustic waves, which are produced by these reflectors 4 and 5 , back to corresponding electromagnetic signals originating via the antenna 7 .
  • the described product is part of an arrangement for determining the measurement variable, which corresponds to a reactance, of the sensor 1 and which, in addition to the product, has an evaluation appliance 8 .
  • the transducer 6 , the antenna 7 and the evaluation appliance 8 form means for producing a surface acoustic wave which propagates on the surface acoustic wave element, for receiving a first reflected surface acoustic wave which is produced by reflection of the surface acoustic wave on the first reflector 4 , and for determining the measurement variable from a phase of the first reflected surface acoustic wave.
  • the evaluation appliance has a transceiver 9 and a phase discriminator 10 .
  • the transceiver 9 is used for producing an incoming electromagnetic signal, which is to be sent to the product, and for receiving an outgoing electrical signal, which is formed by conversion of the first reflected surface acoustic wave in the product.
  • the phase of the outgoing electromagnetic signal, and hence the phase of the first reflected surface acoustic wave as well as, derived from this, the measurement variable, are determined in the phase discriminator 10 .
  • the evaluation appliance 8 in order to pass on the measurement variable, the evaluation appliance 8 has an appropriate indication device, as shown. The details relating to the configuration of the evaluation appliance 8 will not be described at this point, since these details are familiar to a sufficient extent to a relatively experienced person employed for this purpose. In addition, reference is made to the above statements relating to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows one preferred refinement of the product.
  • the sensor 1 is in this case a capacitive sensor, for example a pressure sensor, in a tire on a motor vehicle. Electrically, the pressure sensor corresponds to a capacitor with a variable capacitance within a measurement range, and the capacitance is also the significant measurement variable in this case.
  • the matching network 2 in the present case is merely an inductance 2 which is connected in series with the sensor 1 , and the series resonant circuit formed in this way from the sensor 1 and the inductance 2 is connected to the first reflector 4 on the surface acoustic wave element 3 .
  • the resonator which is formed in this way from the first reflector 4 and the series resonant circuit, has only a single resonance, also and in particular a single resonance within the measurement range.
  • This reflector is also set up such that the reflectivity of the first resonator 4 is at a maximum at the resonance point; a first reflected surface acoustic wave with a maximum amplitude is thus produced at the resonance point, and, furthermore, the amplitude is in any case always relatively high within the measurement range. This contributes to achieving a small measurement error, and thus high resolution.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show measurement values obtained using a product as shown in FIG. 2.
  • This product is designed for a surface acoustic wave frequency of 433.92 MHz, corresponding to one frequency from a standardized ISM frequency band.
  • the surface acoustic wave element 3 is composed of lithium niobate with a length of 13 mm and a width of 2 mm, with a propagation time for the surface acoustic wave from the transducer 6 to the first reflector 4 and back of 7 ⁇ s, and with a first reflector 4 and a transducer 6 composed of aluminum.
  • a differential pressure sensor composed of quartz is used as the sensor 1 , with a measurement range between 1.5 pF, corresponding to 100 kPa pressure difference, to 5 pF, corresponding to 400 kPa pressure difference, and with a resistive loss of 3 ohms.
  • the sensor 1 comprises a square membrane with a side length of 20 mm; a sensor with considerably smaller dimensions is considered for practical use.
  • a coil 2 connected in series with the sensor 1 and having an inductance of 100 nH is used as the matching network 2 . This product is based on the phase to be evaluated in order to determine the measurement variable having a variability of more than 90°, as can be seen from FIG. 3.
  • the variability of the amplitude of the reflected surface acoustic wave is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows the amplitude of the first reflected surface acoustic wave relative to the amplitude of the surface acoustic wave running from the transducer 6 to the first reflector 4 , illustrated logarithmically; the factor which can be seen from FIG. 4 is frequently referred to as the “return loss.”
  • the variability of the amplitude as shown in FIG. 4 is in each case sufficient to ensure an adequate signal-to-noise ratio in every case in suitable boundary conditions for the purposes of an arrangement as shown in FIG. 1, while at the same time ensuring high measurement variable sensitivity, as can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the described product is thus ideally suitable for determining an operating parameter for a tire in a motor vehicle, with the surface acoustic wave element 3 being fitted together with the antenna 7 , the matching network 2 and the sensor 1 in the tire, and the evaluation unit 8 being positioned separately from the tire.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
US10/230,856 2000-03-06 2002-08-29 Product having a sensor and a surface acoustic wave element, as well as a method and arrangement for determining a measurement variable, which corresponds to a reactance, by a sensor Abandoned US20030164713A1 (en)

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US10/780,051 US6813947B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2004-02-17 Product having a sensor and a surface acoustic wave element, as well as a method and arrangement for determining a measurement variable, which corresponds to a reactance, by a sensor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10010846A DE10010846A1 (de) 2000-03-06 2000-03-06 Erzeugnis mit einem Sensor und einem Oberflächenwellenelement sowie Verfahren und Anordnung zum Bestimmen einer einem reaktiven Widerstand entsprechenden Meßgröße von einem Sensor
PCT/DE2001/000846 WO2001066367A1 (de) 2000-03-06 2001-03-06 Erzeugnis mit einem sensor und einem oberflächenwellenelement sowie verfahren und anordnung zum bestimmen einer einem reaktiven widerstand entsprechenden messgrösse von einem sensor

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PCT/DE2001/000846 Continuation WO2001066367A1 (de) 2000-03-06 2001-03-06 Erzeugnis mit einem sensor und einem oberflächenwellenelement sowie verfahren und anordnung zum bestimmen einer einem reaktiven widerstand entsprechenden messgrösse von einem sensor

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US10/780,051 Expired - Fee Related US6813947B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2004-02-17 Product having a sensor and a surface acoustic wave element, as well as a method and arrangement for determining a measurement variable, which corresponds to a reactance, by a sensor

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US20040118197A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-06-24 Wolf-Eckhart Bulst Tire measuring device with a modulated backscatter transponder self-sufficient in terms of energy
EP1708540A2 (de) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-04 Miele & Cie. KG Verfahren zur Temperaturmessung bei einem Haushaltsgerät
US20080120066A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-22 Miele & Cie. Kg Method for detecting an error in a measurement cycle
US20080290856A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2008-11-27 Thomas Hoffmann Device, Probe, and Method for the Galvanically Decoupled Transmission of a Measuring Signal
CN102889923A (zh) * 2012-09-05 2013-01-23 上海交通大学 一种基于声表面波射频识别技术的振动传感器及其应用
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US7076998B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2006-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Tire measuring device with a modulated backscatter transponder self-sufficient in terms of energy
US20040118197A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-06-24 Wolf-Eckhart Bulst Tire measuring device with a modulated backscatter transponder self-sufficient in terms of energy
EP1708540A2 (de) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-04 Miele & Cie. KG Verfahren zur Temperaturmessung bei einem Haushaltsgerät
EP1708540A3 (de) * 2005-03-31 2011-03-09 Miele & Cie. KG Verfahren zur Temperaturmessung bei einem Haushaltsgerät
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US6813947B2 (en) 2004-11-09
DE50115176D1 (de) 2009-11-26
DE10010846A1 (de) 2001-09-20

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