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US20030109835A1 - Medicament cartridge - Google Patents

Medicament cartridge Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030109835A1
US20030109835A1 US10/307,302 US30730202A US2003109835A1 US 20030109835 A1 US20030109835 A1 US 20030109835A1 US 30730202 A US30730202 A US 30730202A US 2003109835 A1 US2003109835 A1 US 2003109835A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
medicament
cartridge
delivery apparatus
combination
raised ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/307,302
Inventor
Robert Woolston
Christopher Langley
Lee Adams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DCA Design International Ltd
Original Assignee
DCA Design International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DCA Design International Ltd filed Critical DCA Design International Ltd
Assigned to DCA DESIGN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED reassignment DCA DESIGN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ADAMS, LEE SIMON, LANGLEY, CHRISTOPHER NIGEL, WOOLSTON, ROBERT
Publication of US20030109835A1 publication Critical patent/US20030109835A1/en
Priority to US11/151,209 priority Critical patent/US7104973B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/24—Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/05—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids ; Infusion or perfusion containers
    • A61J1/06—Ampoules or carpules
    • A61J1/062—Carpules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/58—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision
    • A61M2205/583—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by visual feedback
    • A61M2205/584—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by visual feedback having a color code
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/60—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
    • A61M2205/6045—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means having complementary physical shapes for indexing or registration purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/60—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
    • A61M2205/6063—Optical identification systems
    • A61M2205/6081—Colour codes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medicament cartridge, having particular, but not exclusive application for use with a medication delivery apparatus.
  • the invention provides a medication cartridge that may be dedicated to a particular medication delivery apparatus.
  • a medication delivery apparatus may take the form of, for example, an injector pen or an infuser apparatus.
  • a medicament delivery apparatus including at least one switch and the medicament cartridge comprising a cartridge housing within which a medicament is provided, a displaceable piston located internally at one end of the housing and a raised ring of material about an external periphery of the medicament cartridge, the ring of material being of sufficient dimensions, in use, to trip the at least one switch of the medicament delivery apparatus.
  • a location of the raised ring of material along a longitudinal axis of the cartridge housing provides an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge.
  • the raised ring of material may be colour coded to provide an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge.
  • the raised ring of material is defined by a first inner surface that conforms to a peripheral surface of the cartridge and a second outer surface. More preferably, the second outer surface provides a smooth rounded surface.
  • a shape of the outer surface of the raised ring of material provides an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge.
  • the medication delivery apparatus further comprises a display, the processor causing the display to show information relating to the medicament cartridge within the medication delivery apparatus.
  • the medication delivery apparatus will not function.
  • FIG. 1 shows a medicament cartridge in accordance with the first aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a part of a first medication delivery apparatus for use with a medicament cartridge in accordance with the first aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a part of a second medication delivery apparatus for use with a medicament cartridge in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there may be seen a medicament cartridge 2 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the medicament cartridge comprises a cartridge housing 4 having an open neck at a first end.
  • the open neck is provided with an external flange.
  • a flexible fluid impermeable membrane 6 is sealingly secured across the neck by a cap 8 secured against the flange.
  • the metal cap 8 has a central opening through which the membrane 6 is exposed. In use, a needle of a needle unit penetrates the membrane 6 .
  • the medicament is contained within a chamber defined by the cartridge housing 4 , the flexible membrane 6 at the first end of the cartridge housing and a displaceable piston 14 (shown in ghost) located at a second end of the cartridge housing 4 . Movement of the piston 14 towards the first end of the cartridge housing 4 causes the medicament to be dispensed through the needle unit.
  • the medicament cartridge of the present invention is additionally provided with a raised ring 10 of material about an external periphery of the cartridge housing 4 .
  • the raised ring 10 of material may be formed of any suitable material by any suitable method.
  • the raised ring 10 of material is defined by a first inner surface that conforms to a peripheral surface of the cartridge housing 4 and a second outer surface 12 .
  • the raised ring 10 is of generally rectangular section.
  • the second outer surface 12 is shown as a smooth rounded surface.
  • the raised ring 10 may be formed as a moulding of a plastics material about the cartridge housing 4 . This may occur prior to filling or loading of the medicament cartridge with medicament. In such a case the location of the raised ring 10 may be used during the filling or loading operation to ensure that the medicament cartridge receives the correct medicament.
  • the location of the raised ring 10 may be used as an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge.
  • a medicament delivery apparatus may be provided with processor 22 and a switch 20 .
  • the switch 20 When the switch 20 is tripped this allows the medicament delivery apparatus to function. If the switch 20 is not tripped, either because there is no raised ring 10 present, or is present at an incorrect location along a longitudinal axis of the medicament cartridge inserted, such a medicament delivery apparatus will not operate.
  • a medication delivery apparatus may comprise a processor 34 and a plurality of switches 30 , 32 , tripping of a particular switch indicating the presence of a medicament cartridge containing a particular medicament within the medication delivery apparatus.
  • the medication delivery apparatus may further comprise a display 36 , the processor 34 causing the display to show information relating to the medicament cartridge within the medication delivery apparatus, for example whether the medicament is a fast acting or slow acting form of medicament.
  • the processor 34 may actuate a drive mechanism 38 to express medicament from the cartridge 2 .
  • the raised ring 10 may also be formed of a material of a particular colour to indicate a particular medicament within a medicament cartridge. Alternatively, or additionally, the raised 10 may also be formed in a particular shape to indicate a particular medicament within a medicament cartridge. This may be of particular advantage to those having more seriously impaired vision.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)

Abstract

Many of those having diabetes take a combination of slow and fast acting types of insulin. It is important that the different forms of medicament do not become confused and that the patient does not receive the incorrect medicament. In combination a medicament delivery apparatus and a medicament cartridge are provided, the medicament delivery apparatus including at least one switch and the medicament cartridge comprising a cartridge housing within which a medicament is provided, a displaceable piston located internally at one end of the housing and a raised ring of material about an external periphery of the medicament cartridge, the ring of material being of sufficient dimensions, in use, to trip the at least one switch of the medicament delivery apparatus.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a medicament cartridge, having particular, but not exclusive application for use with a medication delivery apparatus. The invention provides a medication cartridge that may be dedicated to a particular medication delivery apparatus. A medication delivery apparatus may take the form of, for example, an injector pen or an infuser apparatus. [0001]
    • BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
  • It is known that a person providing themselves, or others, with a medicament regimen may require more than one medicament as part of that regimen. For example many of those having diabetes take a combination of slow and fast acting types of insulin. It is important that the different forms of medicament do not become confused and that the patient does not receive the incorrect medicament. [0002]
  • By providing a cartridge that can be dedicated to a particular form of medicament, this problem may be eliminated or at least substantially reduced. For example, such a cartridge may only be accepted by a certain medication delivery apparatus or might not permit the proper functioning of certain medication delivery apparatus. [0003]
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • According to the present invention, in combination a medicament delivery apparatus and a medicament cartridge are provided, the medicament delivery apparatus including at least one switch and the medicament cartridge comprising a cartridge housing within which a medicament is provided, a displaceable piston located internally at one end of the housing and a raised ring of material about an external periphery of the medicament cartridge, the ring of material being of sufficient dimensions, in use, to trip the at least one switch of the medicament delivery apparatus. [0004]
  • Preferably a location of the raised ring of material along a longitudinal axis of the cartridge housing provides an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge. [0005]
  • Preferably the raised ring of material may be colour coded to provide an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge. [0006]
  • Preferably the raised ring of material is defined by a first inner surface that conforms to a peripheral surface of the cartridge and a second outer surface. More preferably, the second outer surface provides a smooth rounded surface. Advantageously, a shape of the outer surface of the raised ring of material provides an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge. [0007]
  • Preferably the medication delivery apparatus further comprises a display, the processor causing the display to show information relating to the medicament cartridge within the medication delivery apparatus. [0008]
  • Preferably unless the at least one switch is tripped the medication delivery apparatus will not function.[0009]
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: [0010]
  • FIG. 1 shows a medicament cartridge in accordance with the first aspect of the invention; [0011]
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a part of a first medication delivery apparatus for use with a medicament cartridge in accordance with the first aspect of the invention; and [0012]
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a part of a second medication delivery apparatus for use with a medicament cartridge in accordance with the first aspect of the invention. [0013]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Referred to FIG. 1, there may be seen a [0014] medicament cartridge 2 in accordance with the present invention.
  • The medicament cartridge comprises a [0015] cartridge housing 4 having an open neck at a first end. The open neck is provided with an external flange. A flexible fluid impermeable membrane 6 is sealingly secured across the neck by a cap 8 secured against the flange. The metal cap 8 has a central opening through which the membrane 6 is exposed. In use, a needle of a needle unit penetrates the membrane 6.
  • The medicament is contained within a chamber defined by the [0016] cartridge housing 4, the flexible membrane 6 at the first end of the cartridge housing and a displaceable piston 14 (shown in ghost) located at a second end of the cartridge housing 4. Movement of the piston 14 towards the first end of the cartridge housing 4 causes the medicament to be dispensed through the needle unit.
  • The medicament cartridge of the present invention is additionally provided with a raised [0017] ring 10 of material about an external periphery of the cartridge housing 4. The raised ring 10 of material may be formed of any suitable material by any suitable method.
  • In the illustrated embodiment, the raised [0018] ring 10 of material is defined by a first inner surface that conforms to a peripheral surface of the cartridge housing 4 and a second outer surface 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the raised ring 10 is of generally rectangular section. The second outer surface 12 is shown as a smooth rounded surface. The raised ring 10 may be formed as a moulding of a plastics material about the cartridge housing 4. This may occur prior to filling or loading of the medicament cartridge with medicament. In such a case the location of the raised ring 10 may be used during the filling or loading operation to ensure that the medicament cartridge receives the correct medicament.
  • Since location of the [0019] ring 10 is determined during manufacture, and as such is a highly repeatable operation, the location of the raised ring 10 may be used as an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge.
  • Thus, a medicament delivery apparatus (FIG. 2) may be provided with [0020] processor 22 and a switch 20. When the switch 20 is tripped this allows the medicament delivery apparatus to function. If the switch 20 is not tripped, either because there is no raised ring 10 present, or is present at an incorrect location along a longitudinal axis of the medicament cartridge inserted, such a medicament delivery apparatus will not operate.
  • Alternatively, a medication delivery apparatus may comprise a [0021] processor 34 and a plurality of switches 30,32, tripping of a particular switch indicating the presence of a medicament cartridge containing a particular medicament within the medication delivery apparatus. The medication delivery apparatus may further comprise a display 36, the processor 34 causing the display to show information relating to the medicament cartridge within the medication delivery apparatus, for example whether the medicament is a fast acting or slow acting form of medicament. This has the advantage that it provides a user with an additional opportunity to check that the correct medicament is to be dispensed. Optionally, the processor 34 may actuate a drive mechanism 38 to express medicament from the cartridge 2.
  • It will be understood that quite small differences in location may be enough to enable a medication delivery apparatus to distinguish between medicament cartridges having different contents. However, such differences may not be readily apparent to all users of the cartridges, for example those with impaired vision. For this reason, the raised [0022] ring 10 may also be formed of a material of a particular colour to indicate a particular medicament within a medicament cartridge. Alternatively, or additionally, the raised 10 may also be formed in a particular shape to indicate a particular medicament within a medicament cartridge. This may be of particular advantage to those having more seriously impaired vision.

Claims (8)

What is claimed is:
1 In combination a medicament delivery apparatus and a medicament cartridge, the medicament delivery apparatus including at least one switch and the medicament cartridge comprising a cartridge housing within which a medicament is provided, a displaceable piston located internally at one end of the housing and a raised ring of material about an external periphery of the medicament cartridge, the ring of material being of sufficient dimensions, in use, to trip the at least one switch of the medicament delivery apparatus.
2 The combination of claim 1, in which a location of the raised ring of material along a longitudinal axis of the cartridge housing provides an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge.
3 The combination of claim 1, in which the raised ring of material may be colour coded to provide an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge.
4 The combination of claim 1, in which the raised ring of material is defined by a first inner surface that conforms to a peripheral surface of the cartridge and a second outer surface.
5 The combination of claim 4, in which the second outer surface provides a smooth rounded surface.
6 The combination of claim 4, in which a shape of the outer surface of the raised ring of material provides an indication of the medicament contained within the medicament cartridge.
7 The combination of claim 1, in which the medication delivery apparatus further comprises a display, the processor causing the display to show information relating to the medicament cartridge within the medication delivery apparatus.
8 The combination of claim 1, in which unless the at least one switch is tripped the medication delivery apparatus will not function.
US10/307,302 2001-12-06 2002-12-02 Medicament cartridge Abandoned US20030109835A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/151,209 US7104973B2 (en) 2001-12-06 2005-06-14 Medicament cartridge

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0129187.1A GB0129187D0 (en) 2001-12-06 2001-12-06 Improvements in and relating to a medicament cartridge
GB0129187.1 2001-12-06

Related Child Applications (1)

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US11/151,209 Continuation US7104973B2 (en) 2001-12-06 2005-06-14 Medicament cartridge

Publications (1)

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US20030109835A1 true US20030109835A1 (en) 2003-06-12

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US10/307,302 Abandoned US20030109835A1 (en) 2001-12-06 2002-12-02 Medicament cartridge
US11/151,209 Expired - Lifetime US7104973B2 (en) 2001-12-06 2005-06-14 Medicament cartridge

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Country Status (16)

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US (2) US20030109835A1 (en)
EP (2) EP1455866B1 (en)
JP (2) JP2005511155A (en)
AT (1) ATE369161T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002347323B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2469037C (en)
CY (1) CY1114486T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60221701T2 (en)
DK (2) DK1455866T3 (en)
ES (2) ES2429901T3 (en)
GB (1) GB0129187D0 (en)
IL (2) IL162283A0 (en)
MX (1) MXPA04005278A (en)
PT (2) PT1832305E (en)
SI (1) SI1832305T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003047665A1 (en)

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US20110238017A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2011-09-29 Panasonic Corporation Medication adminstering device
US20130150786A1 (en) * 2010-04-23 2013-06-13 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Coded keying insert for a medicament cartridge
US20130211328A1 (en) * 2010-08-13 2013-08-15 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Differentiation for a drug delivery device

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US8986253B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2015-03-24 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Two chamber pumps and related methods
US8408421B2 (en) 2008-09-16 2013-04-02 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Flow regulating stopcocks and related methods
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US9186465B2 (en) 2008-11-06 2015-11-17 Novo Nordisk A/S Electronically assisted drug delivery device
US8663538B2 (en) 2009-02-12 2014-03-04 Picolife Technologies, Llc Method of making a membrane for use with a flow control system for a micropump
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WO2011003817A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Drug delivery device having mechanical display adjustable by mounting a drug cartridge
CA2769030C (en) 2009-07-30 2016-05-10 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback
US9242039B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2016-01-26 Admetsys Corporation System and method for differentiating containers in medication delivery
US20130096511A1 (en) * 2010-05-04 2013-04-18 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tactile identification of drug filled cartridge
EP2605815B1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2019-12-25 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Method and system for determining information related to a drug reservoir using an electronic sensor
WO2013017415A1 (en) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Drug delivery device and cartridge to be interconnected therewith
US8771229B2 (en) 2011-12-01 2014-07-08 Picolife Technologies, Llc Cartridge system for delivery of medicament
US8790307B2 (en) 2011-12-01 2014-07-29 Picolife Technologies, Llc Drug delivery device and methods therefor
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US10130759B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2018-11-20 Picolife Technologies, Llc Multi-ported drug delivery device having multi-reservoir cartridge system
US9883834B2 (en) 2012-04-16 2018-02-06 Farid Amirouche Medication delivery device with multi-reservoir cartridge system and related methods of use
US9180242B2 (en) 2012-05-17 2015-11-10 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Methods and devices for multiple fluid transfer
US10245420B2 (en) 2012-06-26 2019-04-02 PicoLife Technologies Medicament distribution systems and related methods of use
US9173998B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-11-03 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. System and method for detecting occlusions in an infusion pump
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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110238017A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2011-09-29 Panasonic Corporation Medication adminstering device
US8771233B2 (en) 2008-12-16 2014-07-08 Atsushi Watanabe Medication administering device
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PT1455866E (en) 2007-11-19
DK1832305T3 (en) 2013-10-14
DK1455866T3 (en) 2007-12-03
US20060106344A1 (en) 2006-05-18
ES2429901T3 (en) 2013-11-18
CA2469037C (en) 2010-11-16
US7104973B2 (en) 2006-09-12
CY1114486T1 (en) 2016-10-05
AU2002347323A1 (en) 2003-06-17
IL162283A (en) 2010-11-30
EP1832305A1 (en) 2007-09-12
GB0129187D0 (en) 2002-01-23
AU2002347323B2 (en) 2007-11-01
CA2469037A1 (en) 2003-06-12
JP2005511155A (en) 2005-04-28
PT1832305E (en) 2013-09-16
SI1832305T1 (en) 2013-11-29
MXPA04005278A (en) 2005-03-31
EP1455866B1 (en) 2007-08-08
IL162283A0 (en) 2005-11-20
EP1832305B1 (en) 2013-07-10
ATE369161T1 (en) 2007-08-15
DE60221701D1 (en) 2007-09-20
JP2009261959A (en) 2009-11-12
WO2003047665A1 (en) 2003-06-12
DE60221701T2 (en) 2008-04-30
ES2291513T3 (en) 2008-03-01
EP1455866A1 (en) 2004-09-15

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