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US20030037907A1 - Solar energy heater with heat pipe and heat exchanger - Google Patents

Solar energy heater with heat pipe and heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030037907A1
US20030037907A1 US10/200,555 US20055502A US2003037907A1 US 20030037907 A1 US20030037907 A1 US 20030037907A1 US 20055502 A US20055502 A US 20055502A US 2003037907 A1 US2003037907 A1 US 2003037907A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat
pipe
heat exchanger
heat pipe
solar energy
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Abandoned
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US10/200,555
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English (en)
Inventor
Jae Lee
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from KR2020010022000U external-priority patent/KR200252832Y1/ko
Priority claimed from KR2020010021998U external-priority patent/KR200259618Y1/ko
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20030037907A1 publication Critical patent/US20030037907A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/002—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0042—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater characterised by the application of thermo-electric units or the Peltier effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F25B21/04—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect reversible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0275—Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/025—Removal of heat
    • F25B2321/0251—Removal of heat by a gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/025—Removal of heat
    • F25B2321/0252—Removal of heat by liquids or two-phase fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/12—Portable refrigerators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger and heating apparatus for use in connection with a solar energy collector.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a heat pipe to directly contact a water supply pipe, exchange heat with the flowing water, and provide the heated water for use elsewhere, such as for example, in a heating system for a building, or a hot water supply for other uses.
  • conventional heating apparatuses using solar energy such conventional systems consist of a heat collection component, a heat condensing unit, and a heater.
  • Conventional units are typically classified according to the method of heat transfer carried out from one unit to another.
  • conventional solar energy powered heating apparatuses may be classified as active systems, passive systems, or hybrid systems.
  • the active system is most commonly used by consumers.
  • An active system typically includes a solar energy collector, a heat exchanger which transfers and exchanges heat from a collection plate to a heat condensing tank, and a pump.
  • anti freeze additives such as for example, ethylene glycol, are diluted with water and are used as thermally conductive fluid media.
  • Solar energy is transferred to a collection plate and in turn heat is stored in the form of hot water within a heat condensing tank.
  • the size of the heat condensing tank typically offers a hot water supply capable of lasting between about 1 to 3 days without further intake or supply of additional solar energy.
  • Some of the heat energy stored in the heat condensing tank is used for bathing.
  • Heat stored in the heat condensing tank is transferred to an absorption type refrigerator during summer months. During cold temperature seasons, the stored heat in the heat condensing tank is transferred to a hot coil unit used to heat a room or other portion of a building.
  • an absorption type refrigerator is powered by heat energy supplied during the summer months.
  • an additional heating device is needed to provide extra heat to the room and to the absorption type refrigerator.
  • excess heat is typically discharged to the outside of the building.
  • a specially designed fan, coil unit, and cooling tower are attached to the refrigerator unit.
  • Heat energy from the heat condensing tank or the additional heating device is used directly for either heating through use of a heater or for cooling through use of an absorption type refrigerator.
  • the average energy efficiency rate of an active solar energy system used for heating, cooling, and bathing is in the range of about 40%. In circumstances where an active solar energy system is used only for heating and bathing, the efficiency rate will be about 25%.
  • Significant problems with conventional heating and cooling systems include corrosion, including rust, the need for complicated piping, a special control unit, and a complicated structure to support a solar energy collection plate.
  • a conventional solar energy collecting plate is often equipped with a copper pipe incorporating a wick.
  • heat media is repeatedly cycled through evaporation and condensation steps during flow of the media through the pipe. Heat exchange occurs through this cycling and the heat media (such as for example, a thermally conductive fluid) returns to its original phase and location through a wick after completion of the heat exchange step.
  • heat exchange only takes place within a limited area determined by the physical characteristics of the conventional system.
  • a conventional system often requires a complicated structure for the solar collection plate and heat exchanger components that must be attached to other conventional system components.
  • a simplified heat exchanger structure is provided.
  • a simplified solar energy collecting plate is also provided.
  • the invention provides a solar energy collecting plate in which heat exchange occurs directly within the solar energy collecting plate without use of an additional heat exchanger system.
  • an improved solar energy collector in which heat absorption and heat exchange functions are facilitated in substantially the same place and time. Substantial amounts of solar energy are absorbed from outside of the system and are directly transferred to a heat pipe that is in turn embedded inside of a water pipe.
  • the invention includes an improved heat exchanger incorporating an improved heat pipe. The heat exchanger and solar energy heater may be used to collect solar energy from outside of the structure and to facilitate heat transfer to water circulating within, or fed by a water pipe.
  • an improved floor heating system may be provided.
  • the improved floor heating system may substantially shorten the length of water pipe required to effectively heat a floor or other interior surface.
  • the water pipe forms a water jacket in which the heat pipe is installed to allow heat transfer from hot water received from outside of the heat receiving area.
  • the installed heat pipe is provided as part of an efficient heat exchanger system to cycle fluid within the target heat distribution area.
  • a supplemental heater may be added to provide additional heating sources to a building or other structure
  • the additional heating apparatus may be powdered by a magnetic generator.
  • the magnetic generator may also provide supplemental power for heating up water flowing in thermal communication with the solar energy collecting plate.
  • This invention also includes a planar heat pipe heater that may be used in association with a solar energy collector and heating apparatus.
  • a heat exchanger apparatus is provided.
  • the heat exchanger defines an exterior surface provided for receiving solar energy.
  • a first area is used as a heat acceptor and transfer element.
  • the exterior surface is operatively associated with a second area which is in thermal communication with flowing water.
  • Solar energy is collected by heating the solar energy collector plate in the first area.
  • Heat exchange takes place with the water flowing across the second area defined by a surface of a heat pipe. The heating of the first area and the heat exchange within the second area takes place at substantially the same time and place.
  • the heat pipe may be installed inside of the solar energy collection plate to allow the heat pipe to contact the external energy source, such as for example, a hot temperature generated through absorption of solar energy
  • Water is circulated in thermal communication with the heat pipe. Water is circulated by a water pump to facilitate heat exchange at the second area
  • the water pipe or pipes used in association with the heat exchanger also define an inlet and an outlet for a closed circulation system of the heat pipe.
  • the heating apparatus for use in a solar collector includes a heat exchanger as described above.
  • the apparatus further includes a solar energy collector, a hot water reservoir, which receives water heated by the solar energy collector and heat exchanger components, an additional heating device to provide supplemental heat energy to the water within the hot water reservoir if desired, a control unit to control operation of the apparatus, and a heater to distribute heat energy within a target heating area.
  • the solar energy collector plate may be provided with water pipes and an electricity generating module located inside of the solar energy collector plate. Heated water is discharged from the collector plate and is transported for storage in a hot water reservoir.
  • An additional heating device may be provided to provide a supplemental heat source to heat the water within the water reservoir to a desired temperature.
  • the additional heating device may be supplied with electric power obtained from a generator.
  • Hot water pipes are connected to the hot water reservoir to in turn provide and control the necessary amount of heat to be delivered to a heater positioned within a building or other structure.
  • the heater comprises the heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • the heat pipe component of the heat exchanger will be installed to thermally communicate with the target heated area.
  • the heat pipe is in thermal communication with the interior of a water jacket defined by a hot water pipe supplying hot water from the reservoir.
  • the solar energy collector includes a structure comprising the first area that is in thermal communication with one side of the solar collector plate to receive heat energy from the solar collector plate. Heat collected in this manner flows through the second area.
  • the second area is located inside of the water pipe. This structural arrangement facilities heat exchange with flowing water during operation of the system.
  • a battery may be added to a generator to provide an electrical power source for extended times of operation.
  • a thermoelectric module may be used in connection with such an additional power source for supplementing heating of the water in the hot water reservoir
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a solar collector and heat exchange apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view, in schematic, of a solar collector and heat exchange apparatus as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a heating apparatus for use in an embodiment featuring a solar energy collector apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a portion of a piping layout for use in a household heating system using a heating apparatus powered by a solar energy collector.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded, perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a heat pipe assembly of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged, partial sectional view of two heat pipes positioned within a preferred planar heat pipe array shown in FIG. 5.
  • a heat exchanger 100 comprises a water pipe 110 having a water inlet 111 and water outlet 113 . Water flows within the water pipe 110 , entering at water inlet 111 and exiting the water pipe at water outlet 113 .
  • the heat exchanger includes a second area 124 located inside of the water pipe 110 .
  • a first area 122 is defined by the heat pipe 120 .
  • the first area 122 is located outside of the water pipe 110 .
  • Water pipe 110 accommodates or houses a portion of heat pipe 120 (i.e. the first area) by forming a water jacket enclosing a portion of the heat pipe 120 .
  • Access ports 112 and 114 of heat pipe 120 define that portion of heat pipe 120 which allows thermally conductive fluid to flow through the water jacket.
  • Access port 114 of the heat pipe 120 represents an opening for thermally conductive fluid flowing within that portion of the heat pipe 120 which is positioned within the water jacket defined by the water pipe 110 .
  • the thermally conductive fluid charged within the heat pipe 120 circulates within a closed fluid circulation system separated from the hot water circulation system
  • the heat exchanger 100 facilities the exchange of heat energy collected through the solar energy collector 130 and transferred to the heated water flowing through water pipe 110 .
  • the solar energy collector 130 is preferred for use in connection with heat exchanger 100 .
  • the first area 122 of heat pipe 120 is installed below solar collector plate 130 to facilitate effective thermal communication with the plate.
  • the second area 124 is installed within the water jacket of water pipe 110 to effectively heat the water supplied by the water pump 110 .
  • Cooling pipe 140 may be provided in an embodiment featuring a pre-selected number of thermoelectric modules 410 . Cooling pipe 140 provides a water cooling stream in thermal communication with the cooling faces of thermoelectric modules 410 which modules are used to generate electrical power. Insulation material 150 is installed on the exterior of the cooling pipe, on the side opposite the thermoelectric modules.
  • Heating apparatus 600 includes a heat exchanger 100 , a hot water reservoir 200 , a heater 300 , electricity generating module 410 , battery 420 , thermoelectrical module 430 , and a generating unit.
  • Thermal electrical module 430 is placed at the base of the hot water reservoir 200 .
  • Heater 300 is thermally connected to the hot water reservoir. Hot water flows and circulates through a hot water pipe 330 , under controlled conditions maintained by a control unit.
  • a target heated area generally corresponds to the area occupied by heater 300 .
  • the first area 310 of the heat pipe is embedded in a floor or other structural surface outside of the hot water pipe 330 .
  • the second area 320 of the heat pipe is installed inside of a water jacket defined by hot water pipe 330 .
  • the first area 310 of the heat pipe and the second area 320 of the heat pipe form a closed loop for circulating thermally conductive fluid.
  • the thermally conductive fluid circulates within the inner chamber of the heat pipe.
  • Adapter 340 is provided as a connector for fluid flowing through the water jacket defined by hot water pipe 330 .
  • adapter 340 may be used to adapt smaller diameter piping used to accommodate hot water flow through the water jacket defined by the hot water pipe 330 .
  • the heat pipe is used to exchange heat supplied from a circulating water source rather than directly from a solar collector plate as previously described in the subject application.
  • the heat pipe is thermally associated with a heat source defined by a hot water stream circulating within a hot water pipe.
  • the heat pipe array effectively distributes heat supplied by hot water pipe 330 to the target area.
  • the heat exchanger 100 In an embodiment of the heat exchanger 100 that was tested, it was found that it was possible to increase the operating temperature of the system from about 78° C. (provided by using a conventional heat exchanger arrangement) to an operating temperature in the range of about 95° C. to 100° C. obtained by using a system having a heat pipe of the present invention.
  • the heat exchanger 100 was provided with a first area 122 on a capillary-type heat pipe installed within heat exchanger 100 . It was noted that the operating temperature of the heat pipe 122 heated up rapidly as energy was transferred from the solar collector plate and relayed to the inside water pipe 110 via the thermally conductive fluid media charged within the heat pipe. The water circulating within the water pipe 110 was rapidly heated to a higher operating temperature when compared with the conventional heat exchange apparatus.
  • the simplified heat exchange structure that was tested incorporated a heat pipe defining a plurality of 4 mm diameter capillary tubes circulating within a closed loop system defined by a heat exchange manifold of the present invention.
  • the heat exchange manifold defined an interior chamber charged with a thermally conductive fluid.
  • the thermally conductive fluid was charged to circulate within the closed loop system defined by the heat exchange manifold.
  • the first portion of the interior chamber of the manifold was occupied by a liquid phase of the thermally conductive fluid.
  • the second portion of the interior chamber defined by the heat exchange manifold was occupied by a vapor phase of the thermally conductive fluid.
  • a solar collection apparatus comprising the heat exchange manifold described herein was found to effectively increase the operating temperature of the heat pipe to a range of 95° C. to 100° C.
  • the added energy recovered by the heat pipe will in many instances lead to added energy efficiency where the water within the water pipe 110 may be heated to higher temperatures.
  • certain applications will permit embodiments of this invention to generate electrical power by harnessing the additional heat recovered from the solar collector plate.
  • additional electrical power may be generated by incorporating electricity generating modules that may be used to maintain or elevate the temperature of water stored within the water reservoir.
  • the present invention may also be used in association with energy sources other than solar powered energy sources.
  • the heater 300 is an example of a water-sourced heat supply applied to the first area of the heat pipe.
  • An alternate heat source may be used to transport the energy to the second area of the heat exchange apparatus.
  • the basic heat pipe structure and heat exchange manifold of the present invention may be applied to other heat exchange systems.
  • a heating apparatus of the present invention includes a heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • the heating apparatus is provided with a water pipe that supplies hot water to a hot water reservoir and a second water pipe used to supply hot water to a heater.
  • a thermoelectric module 430 may be installed to maintain the temperature of the hot water stored within the hot water reservoir.
  • the power supply for this thermoelectric module 430 may be provided by an electricity generating module which is installed inside of the solar electric plate 100 or from the battery unit 420 .
  • the battery unit 420 may supply the necessary power to the thermal electric module at any time, including evenings and during inclement weather.
  • the hot water is stored within the hot water reservoir within a desired temperature range and in sufficient volume to furnish significant quantities of hot water for heating purposes.
  • Hot water supplied to heater 300 circulates through hot water pipe 330 .
  • Hot water pipe 330 is installed in a linear arrangement defining a hot water jacket to facilitate heat exchange with the second area 320 of the heat pipe.
  • the first area 310 of the heat pipe is typically installed beneath the surface of the floor targeted for heating. Typically, heating of the floor surface will be sufficient to maintain the temperature of the corresponding rooms at a desired level.
  • the piping used for this heating function includes, the piping within the heat exchanger 100 , the hot water pipe and heat pipe within the heated area where the heat exchange takes place.
  • the heating apparatus of the present invention may include a planar heat pipe described above for installation within a solar collecting plate. Embodiments of the invention may be used for supplying hot water, and heating and cooling.
  • the heat pipe is placed below the surface of the floor as a replacement for a hot water network of tubing that would otherwise circulate hot water.
  • the total length of hot water piping is significantly reduced by employing a heat pipe distribution network.
  • the use of the heat pipe network reduces the risks of leakage and rust related problems arising within a larger network of hot water piping.
  • a suitable, stable and non-corrosive thermally conductive fluid may be circulated within the heat pipe network.
  • a heat pipe network is used to replace hot water piping, it is possible in many instances to provide a substantial improvement in energy efficiency.
  • the electricity generating modules installed inside of the solar collector plate generate power during solar energy collection. This energy may be used to either raise or maintain the temperature of the hot water stored within the hot water reservoir in a highly efficient manner.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention features a coplanar array of heat pipes 220 .
  • the coplanar arrangement of heat pipes 220 is secured in fluid communication with tail pipe 230 and head pipe 210 .
  • the tail pipe of the heat exchanger is enclosed within an annular jacket of a pipe 230 .
  • Pipe 230 is provided with a fluid inlet and fluid outlet, to allow fluid movement along the longitudinal axis of the jacket pipe 230 . Water is pumped into the fluid inlet, into the annular jacket of jacket pipe 230 , and the water exits through the fluid outlet.
  • thermoelectric modules are the electric generating modules positioned to absorb heat from the thermally conductive fluid circulating within the heat pipes.
  • the heating faces (not shown) of the electricity generating modules 240 are all preferably positioned so that they absorb heat from the thermally conductive fluid contained within the heat pipes, to induce generation of electricity by the associated modules.
  • a second water stream may be pumped through cooling jackets 299 . It will be understood that, the heating faces of the electricity generating modules will be positioned for thermal communication with the heat pipes 220 , and the cooling faces of the modules will be in thermal communication with the cooling jackets 299 .
  • Each heat pipe defines a plurality of distinct capillary channels which extend along the entire length of each heat pipe.
  • Each heat pipe 220 is flat, elongated and forms an essentially hollow planar structure.
  • Each heat pipe 220 has an elongated front wall and an opposing elongated rear wall. The two opposing elongated walls provide substantial surface areas for heat transfer functions.
  • the interior of each pipe 220 is divided by interior walls which define elongated capillary channels.
  • the capillary channels extend along the length of each heat pipe.
  • the capillary channels open at opposing top and bottom ends of the heat pipe. The upper ends of the heat pipes shown in FIGS.
  • the head pipe 210 , heat pipes 220 and the tail pipe define a closed system for circulation of a thermally conductive fluid.
  • the thermally conductive fluid circulating within those three components is not in fluid communication with the hot water passing through the hot water jacket 230 .
  • the thermally conductive fluid within the heat pipes is in thermal communication with the hot water passing through the hot water jacket 230 .
  • an access port (not shown) may be used to evacuate entrapped air from within the internal chambers of the tail pipe, head pipe and capillaries within the heat pipes.
  • the interior chamber of the heat pipes is drained of entrapped air so that a substantial vacuum is created.
  • the interior chamber of the tail pipe, head pipe and capillaries of the heat pipes are filled with an effective amount of the thermally conductive fluid until a substantial portion of the interior volume of that structure is filled with a liquid phase of the thermally conductive fluid. The remaining portion of the interior volume is filled with the vapor phase of the selected thermally conductive fluid.
  • the access port may be closed by applying a suitable stopper or cap (not shown).
  • the fluid within the interior volume is filled until the liquid phase occupies about 40% to 70% of that interior volume.
  • the vapor phase will occupy between about 30% and 60% of that interior volume, in a preferred embodiment.
  • the capillary channels in a heat pipe are generally rectangular tubes defined by the interior walls of each heat pipe.
  • the interior walls extend orthogonally from one face of the heat pipe to the opposing face of the heat pipe.
  • the capillaries may be manufactured to have other cross-sectional configurations that are not necessarily square or rectangular in shape.
  • the relative size of the capillaries may vary according to the design requirements and characteristics of the desired heat exchange system. In a preferred system directed to the use of water based thermally conductive fluid systems, the diameter of the capillaries will typically range below about 4 mm. In some instances, it may be desirable to provide additives or other fluids to enhance the physical properties of the fluid circulating within the capillaries. Consequently, the diameter of the capillaries may be adjusted to accommodate the particular characteristics of a specific fluid selected for use in the system.
  • the capillaries are arranged in a single layer of capillaries within the outer walls of the heat pipes 220 .
  • multiple layers of capillaries may be provided within the outer walls of the heat pipe, although in many cases, such an arrangement may not be preferred.
  • the heat pipe array shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be used in association with other similar heat pipe arrays arranged into banks of parallel arrays.
  • the heat pipes, head pipe, and tail pipe are preferably made of relatively strong, resilient, and thermally conductive material and most preferably, a metal which is not susceptible to excessive corrosion.
  • Aluminum is a particularly useful material of construction for many applications of the present invention.
  • persons skilled in the art will understand that other materials, including other metals, alloys, or non metallic materials may be desirable for use in the particular conditions and circumstances under consideration
  • thermally conductive fluids may be used according to the design requirements of a particular system
  • many conventional fluids including water, acetone, ethanol and methanol may be desirable as relatively low-cost thermally conductive fluid choices for use within the heat pipe system.
  • thermally conductive fluids are merely illustrative and are not intended to represent an exhaustive list of all suitable thermally conductive fluids
  • capillaries having cross-sectional diameters of about 4 mm in diameter will be particularly efficient in heat transfer applications. In another instances, it may be desirable to use capillaries with smaller effective diameters.
  • Capillaries that are generally rectangular when viewed in cross-section may have dimensions of 1 mm ⁇ 1.4 mm or lower. In other instances, the capillaries may have cross-sectional dimensions of about 0.5 mm ⁇ 0.6 mm. Of course, other sizes of capillaries may be selected based on various design considerations.
  • thermally conductive fluids will tend to flow within the internal channel of the heat pipes due in part to the heating or cooling of the fluid within the heat pipes and the capillary action exerted on the fluid within the capillaries of the heat pipes.
  • One of the advantages of the invention is that it is unnecessary to provide a circulating pump to circulate the thermally conductive fluid within the interior chamber of the heat pipes. Although there may be instances where a circulating pump may be added for that purpose, such a pump would not be necessary to circulate the thermally conductive fluid filled within the interior volume of the head pipe, heat pipes and tail pipe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
US10/200,555 2001-07-20 2002-07-22 Solar energy heater with heat pipe and heat exchanger Abandoned US20030037907A1 (en)

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KR2020010021998U KR200259618Y1 (ko) 2001-07-20 2001-07-20 태양열난방장치
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US10/200,555 Abandoned US20030037907A1 (en) 2001-07-20 2002-07-22 Solar energy heater with heat pipe and heat exchanger
US10/200,554 Abandoned US20030029174A1 (en) 2001-07-20 2002-07-22 Refrigeration units and heat pipe
US10/200,601 Expired - Fee Related US6807811B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2002-07-22 Air conditioner with heat pipe

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US10/200,601 Expired - Fee Related US6807811B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2002-07-22 Air conditioner with heat pipe

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US (3) US20030037907A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004537705A (fr)
KR (1) KR20040052214A (fr)
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AU (1) AU2002334267A1 (fr)
CA (4) CA2467692A1 (fr)
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CN116105261A (zh) * 2022-12-29 2023-05-12 佛山特拉唯热交换器制造有限公司 一种基于分离式热管换热器的低能耗空调和降温方法

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US20030029174A1 (en) 2003-02-13
KR20040052214A (ko) 2004-06-22
WO2003012357A2 (fr) 2003-02-13
JP2004537705A (ja) 2004-12-16
CA2394474A1 (fr) 2003-01-20
CA2394463A1 (fr) 2003-01-20
US20030029175A1 (en) 2003-02-13
AU2002334267A1 (en) 2003-02-17
US6807811B2 (en) 2004-10-26
CN1556912A (zh) 2004-12-22
CA2394468A1 (fr) 2003-01-20
CA2467692A1 (fr) 2003-02-13
WO2003012357A3 (fr) 2004-05-06

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