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US20020091945A1 - Verification engine for user authentication - Google Patents

Verification engine for user authentication Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020091945A1
US20020091945A1 US10/003,719 US371901A US2002091945A1 US 20020091945 A1 US20020091945 A1 US 20020091945A1 US 371901 A US371901 A US 371901A US 2002091945 A1 US2002091945 A1 US 2002091945A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
authentication
subject
information
queries
databases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/003,719
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English (en)
Inventor
David Ross
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Micronas GmbH
Matthews International Corp
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/003,719 priority Critical patent/US20020091945A1/en
Assigned to MICRONAS GMBH reassignment MICRONAS GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BOCK, CHRISTIAN
Publication of US20020091945A1 publication Critical patent/US20020091945A1/en
Assigned to RAF TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment RAF TECHNOLOGY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ROSS, DAVID JUSTIN
Priority to US12/613,410 priority patent/US8032927B2/en
Priority to US13/230,471 priority patent/US8316418B2/en
Assigned to MATTHEWS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION reassignment MATTHEWS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RAF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/31—User authentication
    • G06F21/33—User authentication using certificates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
    • G06Q10/06311—Scheduling, planning or task assignment for a person or group
    • G06Q10/063112—Skill-based matching of a person or a group to a task
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/085—Payment architectures involving remote charge determination or related payment systems
    • G06Q20/0855—Payment architectures involving remote charge determination or related payment systems involving a third party
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G06Q20/367—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes involving electronic purses or money safes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G06Q20/367—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes involving electronic purses or money safes
    • G06Q20/3674—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes involving electronic purses or money safes involving authentication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/2103—Challenge-response

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of remote user authentication and, in particular, user authentication employing information stored in multiple, independently controlled databases.
  • in-wallet data is information you know about yourself or can readily put your hand to. It includes your name, address, telephone number, drivers license number, social security number, checking account number, credit card numbers, mother's maiden name, and the like. This data forms the basis for some of the simpler authentication systems of the prior art.
  • Out-of-wallet data is information about you that would take you a little effort to find out, but that you probably have in your filing system or somewhere equally accessible with some effort. It includes information such as the amount of the last transaction with your checkbook or credit card, the holder and amount of your mortgage, your credit rating, your bank balance, and the like. Incorporating out-of-wallet information into an authentication system is more complicated, and thus, it is found less frequently in typical systems.
  • Passwords are a form of both shared knowledge and of tokens. For a password to work properly, both sides must know it, and only both sides must know it. Shared knowledge includes some nonobvious information as well. The billing address on your credit card, for example, is known to you, of course, but is accessible from the card issuer by any merchant who takes that credit card.
  • Data authentication consists of applying business rules to the forms at the time of capture. This is done at the point of recognition for paper forms, and while the subject is online, in the case of Web forms. Data authentication can be as simple as ensuring a column of numbers adds up, or as complicated as verifying several associated tax forms to be sure a particular number was both correctly calculated and correctly copied.
  • the present invention provides a method and system for authentication that are more secure, less intrusive, more flexible, and easier to keep current than the prior art. This is accomplished through strategically employing a verification engine for authentication procedures.
  • the engine accepts personal data from a subject being authenticated.
  • the data can be collected from the subject as part of a financial transaction with an agency of the federal government, financial institution, or commerce entity, or incident to some security procedure, etc.
  • the entity requesting authentication of the subject is termed the “authentication client” or “client.”
  • the data collected from the subject can then be compared to information contained in independent databases. Each database queried returns a confidence rating indicating how well the data matches.
  • the verification engine combines these rating and returns them to the client, which can apply business rules of its own to decide whether to accept the subject as a valid user. Fuzzy logic algorithms can be used to determine the various confidence levels.
  • the first component controls access to the overall system by users. It provides a single interface, with a single set of commands, to all system clients. While the interface is standardized, it can still be customized based on the particular needs of each client.
  • the second component interfaces with each remote database, speaking the language required by that database, both for querying and for receiving back the answers to queries.
  • the third component, the verification core operates in connection with the other two main components. It recognizes the queries sent to it by clients, because the queries are predefined based on the needs of the individual client.
  • the verification core also possesses the protocols to translate those queries into queries to the individual databases, and it can assemble their responses into a coordinated response to the client.
  • the verification engine tightly controls the questions it asks of each independent database. This enables it to meet the stringent privacy requirements of many database holders, thus encouraging the use of their information in legitimate ways not previously allowed by the database operators.
  • the verification engine also ties into a broad range of information providers. Because the verification engine has access to multiple databases that were previously unconnected, it can answer questions that cannot be answered by any single database. Because the verification engine controls access to those databases in ways established through agreement with the database owners, it overcomes the reluctance of many database owners to allow access to their information. Thus, it can include various databases previously unavailable for general use.
  • Information is stored where it has a legitimate reason to be stored: with the database owners that acquired the information as part of their ordinary businesses or affairs with the subject.
  • the verification engine allows legitimate access to personal data concerning a subject being authenticated, but it keeps others from browsing. Authentication clients are only licensed for specific predefined queries. Queries designed to browse database records or “read-out” information are not enabled by the verification engine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an authentication system employing a verification engine consistent with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a specific embodiment of the present invention in the context of online authentication for an e-commerce transaction.
  • Embodiments consistent with the present invention provide the ability to authenticate a subject even if the subject has had no prior contact with the system and has had no access to digital signatures, certificates, or passwords.
  • a subject would be a person who is ready to retire and wants to set up his Social Security payments.
  • Such a subject would possess or have the ability to access a computer and a network connection, such as through the Internet, but he is presumed to be an otherwise unsophisticated user.
  • Another example of a user requiring authentication would be a subject trying to effect an online payment at an online store, or a subject trying to effect a transaction with his financial institution. The problem is to authenticate these subjects without requiring undue effort on the part of the subjects.
  • references to the subject herein will assume a remote individual or entity that is accessing the authentication system through a network, such as the Internet. It is equally within the scope of the present invention to conduct live, real-time authentication of the subject in-person.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention implements a verification engine for authenticating a subject using predefined queries requesting personal identifying information from the subject.
  • the identifying information comes from multiple third-party databases that have gathered that information in the ordinary course of their business or other relationships and dealings with the subject.
  • the engine itself can adopt a client-server architecture and can be modeled after systems such as those used with market success in the postal and form recognition fields.
  • the flexible design can enable processing of queries at rates up to 850 per minute and is scalable as demand on the system increases.
  • the first part controls access to the overall system by authentication clients. It provides a single user interface, with a single set of commands, to all system users.
  • the second part interfaces with each remote database, speaking the language required by that database, both for querying and for receiving back the answers to queries.
  • the third part functions in the middle, connecting the other two main parts. This part is termed the “verification core.” It understands the queries sent to it by users. It knows how to translate those queries into queries for the individual databases. The verification core knows what questions each connected database can answer, how likely it is to provide an answer, how long it generally takes to do so, and it possesses functioning protocols for querying each database. The verification core can also assemble the responses from the various independent databases into a coordinated response to the authentication client. The verification core obtains this information through collaboration with the independent database operators to develop the specific queries that will be allowed for use in the authentication procedure.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an authentication system incorporating a verification engine consistent with the present invention.
  • the verification engine 100 includes various components which include a client interface 102 , a database interface 104 , and the verification core 106 .
  • a subject 108 that either gives or requires authentication communicates with an authentication client 110 .
  • the subject 108 can provide identifying information to the authentication client 110 , and the subject 108 can also answer queries posed by the authentication client 110 .
  • the authentication client 110 gives and receives information to and from the verification core 106 through the client interface 102 .
  • the verification core can then provide the information identifying the subject 108 to one or more independent, third-party databases 112 a through 112 d for authentication.
  • Database “n” 112 d illustrates that a potentially unlimited number of independent databases can be provided for authentication with the verification engine.
  • the authentication client 110 can present a predefined query 114 to the subject. This predefined query has been licensed for a specific use by this authentication client 110 . The actual question and scope of the query depend on the authentication services being provided by the authentication client 110 .
  • the subject 108 then returns a response to the query 116 .
  • the authentication client 110 then forwards 118 the response to the verification engine 100 for authenticating the subject 108 .
  • the verification engine 100 then transmits 120 a through 120 d the response from the subject 108 to multiple of the databases 112 a through 112 d .
  • Each database 112 a through 112 d that receives the information checks it against the identifying information it stores for the subject 108 and returns a confidence indication 122 a through 122 d to the verification engine.
  • the verification engine 100 combines the individual confidence indications 122 a through 122 d into a combined confidence indication 124 that is provided to the authentication client 110 for authenticating the subject 108 .
  • the verification engine can establishes the identity of its authentication client with standard digital certificates, passwords, and user names.
  • Each authentication client has a specified list of questions it can ask the system. For example, an airport security guard (in possession of a passenger's driver's license) may only ask such a system “Does John Smith live at 123 Main Street, Jackson, Miss., and have Mississippi Driver's License number 549-34-2218 ?” The only response he can receive back is either a yes or a no, the confidence the system has in that answer, and possibly a picture of the legitimate holder of the license. He cannot, for example, ask: “who lives at 123 Main Street?”
  • an FBI investigator is the authentication client, on the other hand, he may be authorized for considerably greater access to the system. He may, for example, be able to ask “Give me the passport numbers of all males ofoane residency who entered the United States through New York or Boston between May 6 and Jun. 7, 2001 on British Air or United Airlines flights from Paris or Zurich.” The scope of permissible questioning would depend on the permissions the operator of the databases being asked to authenticate the responses would be willing to authorize. Because the system controls access by limiting the kinds of questions each type of user can ask, and because there is no central repository of the data, the system is much more protective of privacy.
  • the system also has tight controls for the questions it asks of each database. This enables it to meet the stringent privacy requirements of many database holders.
  • the ability to control the types of queries being made against the database provides many database providers the incentive, or at least comfort level to make their database available to the verification engine.
  • the independent database operator can authorize a query to access whatever level of information they are comfortable with. This makes available the use of their information in legitimate ways that were not previously possible.
  • the verification engine system is designed to be both secure and unobtrusive.
  • the only data the verification engine will have direct access to is certain low-sensitivity in-wallet data.
  • This information can come from several commercial sources.
  • the data includes name, address, telephone number, and other personal information that most people do not consider particularly sensitive, but that help the engine authenticate a subject at the simplest level.
  • the information can be obtained from the subject as part of a Web form when a person first uses the system. Asking for it as part of a Web form takes advantage of the habit of filling such information into forms. If done skillfully, most subjects will not even know we are using that information for authentication.
  • the user information and the specific databases being used for authentication can vary widely. This affords the present system a significant amount of flexibility.
  • One perfectly suitable commercial database available to the verification engine is the Crystal Database offered by RAF Technology, Inc. of Redmond, Wash. Compiled from a wide range of reliable sources including the US Postal Service, this database is condensed into data crystals that take a fraction of the memory of the original and can be rapidly accessed. Crystallizing the data also obscures the information so that it cannot be read. As a result, the Crystal Database data crystals can be installed on the verification engine hardware without actually making the data visible to anyone. Access to the Crystal Database is strictly via predefined queries. In effect, the Crystal Database is lent, not given.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the operation of the verification engine in an authentication system provided for authenticating a subject in an electronic commerce transaction.
  • the subject is labeled the “Customer”
  • the authentication client is the “e-commerce site”
  • the independent databases are the “trusted Validator”
  • the verification engine is being operated by the “Authentex” entity.
  • the queries and response paths are illustrated as going directly to the verification engine, rather than through the authentication client.
  • the Customer logs onto an e-commerce site (box 15 ) for which Authentex (box 10 ) provides authentication.
  • the system will ask the Customer a series of appropriate questions (box 8 ) to authenticate his identity.
  • These questions center on in-wallet data that Authentex itself possesses, and out-of-wallet data possessed by a trusted Validator (box 3 ) such as a bank or credit bureau.
  • Authentex holds in-wallet data and provides the gateway to Validators who hold out-of-wallet data.
  • Authentex and the Validator establish a set of allowed queries (box 5 ) which is a subset of all the queries permitted by the Validator's database, chosen to provide proper authentication while being as unobtrusive as possible. Effectively, the Validator is digitally vouching for the Customer.
  • the verification engine can simultaneously serve multiple authentication clients. Similar, each authentication client employ the verification engine to authenticate multiple subjects.
  • the present invention also provides a suitable solution to the “national identity card” debate.
  • the verification engine fulfills the legitimate needs of a national identity system and information bank, while meeting the privacy concerns of individual citizens. It meets the needs of citizens by leaving their personal data in the possession of those whom they perceive as having legitimate need for open access to it.

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US10/003,719 US20020091945A1 (en) 2000-10-30 2001-10-30 Verification engine for user authentication
US12/613,410 US8032927B2 (en) 2000-10-30 2009-11-05 Verification engine for user authentication
US13/230,471 US8316418B2 (en) 2000-10-30 2011-09-12 Verification engine for user authentication

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US10/003,719 US20020091945A1 (en) 2000-10-30 2001-10-30 Verification engine for user authentication

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US8316418B2 (en) 2012-11-20
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